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JP4926643B2 - Method for measuring helicase activity - Google Patents
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JP4926643B2 - Method for measuring helicase activity - Google Patents

Method for measuring helicase activity Download PDF

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JP4926643B2
JP4926643B2 JP2006285671A JP2006285671A JP4926643B2 JP 4926643 B2 JP4926643 B2 JP 4926643B2 JP 2006285671 A JP2006285671 A JP 2006285671A JP 2006285671 A JP2006285671 A JP 2006285671A JP 4926643 B2 JP4926643 B2 JP 4926643B2
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stranded nucleic
nucleic acid
helicase
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dna
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JP2008099619A (en
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信佳 秋光
尚宏 野田
英典 谷
聡 常田
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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本発明は、ヘリカーゼ活性の測定法、ヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤のスクリーニング方法及びヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定する方法、並びにこれらの方法に使用する試薬に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for measuring helicase activity, a method for screening helicase inhibitors or activators, a method for identifying the substrate specificity of helicase, and reagents used in these methods.

ヘリカーゼの活性をインビトロで測定する方法としては、主に、二本鎖DNAとヘリカーゼを反応させた後、遊離した一本鎖DNAを電気泳動的手法により分離して定量するというエンドポイントアッセイが用いられている。このアッセイでは、まず、放射性同位元素で標識した基質となる二本鎖核酸をヘリカーゼと反応させる。次いで、この反応による生成物をポリアクリルアミドゲルまたはアガロースゲル上で電気泳動することにより、反応生成物中に含まれる二本鎖核酸と一本鎖核酸とを分離し、標識からの放射能の量を測定することにより一本鎖核酸を定量することができる。   As an in vitro method for measuring helicase activity, an endpoint assay is used, in which double-stranded DNA and helicase are reacted, and then released single-stranded DNA is separated and quantified by an electrophoretic technique. It has been. In this assay, first, a double-stranded nucleic acid serving as a substrate labeled with a radioisotope is reacted with a helicase. Next, the product of this reaction is electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel or an agarose gel to separate double-stranded nucleic acid and single-stranded nucleic acid contained in the reaction product, and the amount of radioactivity from the label The single-stranded nucleic acid can be quantified by measuring.

さらに、ヘリカーゼの活性を測定する方法として、数種のアッセイが提案されている。このようなアッセイの一つとして、ヘリカーゼにより巻き戻された後の一本鎖DNAに、例えばS1ヌクレアーゼのような一本鎖特異的ヌクレアーゼ、またはエキソヌクレアーゼIなどを作用させて、そのヌクレアーゼ活性を測定することにより、間接的にヘリカーゼ活性を測定する方法がある( 例えば、非特許文献1参照)。また、他のアッセイ方法として、一本鎖DNA特異的結合性タンパク質を利用した分光学的アッセイも提案されている(例えば、非特許文献2参照)。この方法は、一本鎖DNA特異的結合性タンパク質が、ヘリカーゼによって産生された一本鎖DNAと結合することにより、タンパク質固有の蛍光が生じることを利用して、ヘリカーゼの活性を測定する方法である。   In addition, several types of assays have been proposed as methods for measuring helicase activity. As one of such assays, a single-strand-specific nuclease such as S1 nuclease or exonuclease I is allowed to act on the single-stranded DNA after being unwound by helicase, so that the nuclease activity is increased. There is a method of indirectly measuring helicase activity by measuring (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). As another assay method, a spectroscopic assay using a single-stranded DNA-specific binding protein has also been proposed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). This method is a method for measuring the activity of a helicase by utilizing the fact that a single-stranded DNA-specific binding protein binds to a single-stranded DNA produced by helicase, resulting in protein-specific fluorescence. is there.

また、ヘリカーゼインヒビターをハイスループットでスクリーニングする方法として、ヘリカーゼの活性を電気化学的手法により測定する方法が提案されている(特許文献1参照) 。この方法では、一方の末端に電気化学ルミネセンス標識をした第一の一本鎖核酸と、第一の一本鎖核酸と部分的に相補的な配列をもつ第二の環状一本鎖核酸とからなる二本鎖核酸を基質とし、これにヘリカーゼを作用させて第一の一本鎖核酸を解離させる。次いで、解離した第一の一本鎖核酸を、これと相補的な配列を有する、ビオチンで標識された第三の一本鎖核酸との間で二本鎖形成させることによって捕捉し、さらに、得られた二本鎖核酸を、アビジンを担持した磁性ビーズ上に回収する。最後に、標識された第一の一本鎖核酸からの電気化学ルミネセンスを測定することにより、ヘリカーゼ活性が測定される。   Further, as a method for screening a helicase inhibitor with high throughput, a method of measuring the activity of helicase by an electrochemical method has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). In this method, a first single-stranded nucleic acid having an electrochemiluminescence label at one end, and a second circular single-stranded nucleic acid having a sequence partially complementary to the first single-stranded nucleic acid, The first single-stranded nucleic acid is dissociated using a double-stranded nucleic acid consisting of The dissociated first single-stranded nucleic acid is then captured by forming a double strand between a biotin-labeled third single-stranded nucleic acid having a complementary sequence thereto, and The obtained double-stranded nucleic acid is recovered on magnetic beads carrying avidin. Finally, helicase activity is measured by measuring electrochemiluminescence from the labeled first single-stranded nucleic acid.

また、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を測定する方法として蛍光共鳴エネルギー転移(Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer。以下「FRET」という) 現象を利用する方法が提案されている特許文献2、非特許文献3参照)。この方法では、5’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸、3’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸および突出末端を持たない二本鎖核酸のそれぞれを基質とした被験ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行ない、二本鎖核酸の一本鎖核酸への解離によってシグナル強度が増加または減少するシグナル発生物質を用いて被験ヘリカーゼの各基質に対する反応速度を測定し、各基質についての測定値の組み合わせを被験ヘリカーゼの基質特異性として同定する方法である。しかし、これら従来技術は、測定系の構築が簡便、安価にはできないという問題点があった。
特表2003−511660号公報 特開2005−253364号公報 Palas KM.ら、「Journal of Biological Chemistry」(1990)265:3447-3454 Roman LJ.ら,「Biochemistry」(1989)28, 2863-2873 Boguszewska-Chachulska AM.ら「FEBS Letters」(2004)567, 253-258
In addition, as a method for measuring the substrate specificity of helicase, a method utilizing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (hereinafter referred to as “FRET”) phenomenon has been proposed (see Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3). In this method, a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 5 ′ protruding end, a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 3 ′ protruding end, and a double-stranded nucleic acid not having a protruding end are subjected to an enzymatic reaction with a test helicase, respectively. The reaction rate for each substrate of the test helicase is measured using a signal generator whose signal intensity increases or decreases by dissociation of the single-stranded nucleic acid into a single-stranded nucleic acid, and the combination of the measured values for each substrate is the substrate of the test helicase It is a method of identifying as specificity. However, these conventional techniques have a problem that the construction of the measurement system cannot be made simple and inexpensive.
Special Table 2003-511660 JP 2005-253364 A Palas KM. Et al., "Journal of Biological Chemistry" (1990) 265: 3447-3454 Roman LJ. Et al., `` Biochemistry '' (1989) 28, 2863-2873 Boguszewska-Chachulska AM. Et al. `` FEBS Letters '' (2004) 567, 253-258

本発明の課題は、ヘリカーゼの二本鎖核酸を一本鎖核酸へ解離させる活性を、放射性同位体元素や電気化学的測定手法、FRETなどを用いずに、簡便かつ安価に測定可能にする方法を提供し、さらに、このヘリカーゼ活性測定法を利用して、該ヘリカーゼの基質特異性の測定や該ヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングする効率的な方法を提供するとともに、これら方法に使用する新規かつ有用な試薬を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily and inexpensively measuring the activity of dissociating a double-stranded nucleic acid of helicase into a single-stranded nucleic acid without using a radioisotope element, an electrochemical measurement technique, FRET, etc. Furthermore, using this method for measuring helicase activity, the substrate specificity of the helicase is measured, and an efficient method for screening for inhibitors or activators of the helicase is provided and used in these methods. It is to provide a new and useful reagent.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため、鋭意研究の結果、へリカーゼ活性を測定するための基質として、核酸構成塩基の近接、離間により、蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素で一方の核酸を標識した二本鎖核酸を用いて、ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う場合、一本鎖核酸の解離に伴い蛍光強度が変化し、これにより、該ヘリカーゼの活性を簡便、安価かつ正確に測定し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。   As a result of earnest research, the present inventor has labeled one nucleic acid as a substrate for measuring helicase activity with a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity changes depending on the proximity and separation of the bases constituting the nucleic acid. When an enzymatic reaction using helicase is performed using the double-stranded nucleic acid, the fluorescence intensity changes with the dissociation of the single-stranded nucleic acid, and thus the activity of the helicase can be measured easily, inexpensively and accurately. The headline and the present invention have been completed.

すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
(1)少なくとも以下の(a)〜(c)の工程を含むことを特徴とするヘリカーゼ活性の測定方法。
(a)核酸の構成塩基との近接、離間によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を有する一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)該二本鎖核酸を基質として、ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。
(c)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。

(2)前記蛍光色素がグアニン塩基との相互作用により蛍光強度が変化する色素であることを特徴とする、上記(1)に記載の方法。

(3)前記二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の方法。

(4)前記ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の方法。

(5)前記酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われることを特徴とする、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の方法。

(6)上記(1)に記載の二本鎖核酸を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼ活性測定用試薬キット。
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) A method for measuring helicase activity, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (c):
(A) It consists of a single-stranded nucleic acid having a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity changes depending on proximity to or away from the constituent base of the nucleic acid, and the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid. Preparing a double-stranded nucleic acid;
(B) A step of performing an enzyme reaction with helicase using the double-stranded nucleic acid as a substrate.
(C) A step of measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.

(2) The method according to (1) above, wherein the fluorescent dye is a dye whose fluorescence intensity is changed by interaction with a guanine base.

(3) The method according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand.

(4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the helicase is a DNA helicase or an RNA helicase.

(5) The above (1) to (4), wherein the enzyme reaction is performed in the presence of a substance that captures one of the single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double-stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate. ) Any one of the methods.

(6) A reagent kit for measuring helicase activity, comprising at least the double-stranded nucleic acid according to (1).

(7)少なくとも以下の(a)〜(d)の工程を含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼの阻害剤又は活性化剤をスクリーニングする方法。
(a)核酸の構成塩基との近接、離間によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を有する一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)該二本鎖核酸と、ヘリカーゼ活性阻害剤の候補物質を含む試料を混合する工程。
(c)前記混合溶液に対してヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。
(d)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。

(8)前記蛍光色素がグアニン塩基との相互作用により蛍光強度が変化する色素であることを特徴とする、上記(7)に記載の方法。

(9)二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、上記(7)又は(8)に記載の方法。

(10)ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、上記(7)〜(9)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(11)酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われる、上記(7)〜(10)のいずれかに記載の方法。

(12)上記(7)に記載の二本鎖核酸とヘリカーゼを組み合わせたことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼ活性の阻害物質をスクリーニングするための試薬キット。
(7) A method for screening a helicase inhibitor or activator, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (d):
(A) It consists of a single-stranded nucleic acid having a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity changes depending on proximity to or away from the constituent base of the nucleic acid, and the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid. Preparing a double-stranded nucleic acid;
(B) A step of mixing the double-stranded nucleic acid and a sample containing a helicase activity inhibitor candidate substance.
(C) The process of performing the enzyme reaction by a helicase with respect to the said mixed solution.
(D) A step of measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.

(8) The method according to (7) above, wherein the fluorescent dye is a dye whose fluorescence intensity changes by interaction with a guanine base.

(9) The method according to (7) or (8) above, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand.

(10) The method according to any one of (7) to (9) above, wherein the helicase is a DNA helicase or an RNA helicase.
(11) The enzyme reaction according to any one of (7) to (10), wherein the enzymatic reaction is performed in the presence of a substance that captures one of the single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double-stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate. the method of.

(12) A reagent kit for screening for an inhibitor of helicase activity, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid according to (7) is combined with a helicase.

(13)少なくとも以下の(a)〜(c)の工程を含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定する方法。
(a)核酸の構成塩基との近接、離間によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を有する一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる各種二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)上記各二本鎖核酸を基質として、被験ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。ならびに
(c)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。

(14)蛍光色素がグアニン塩基との相互作用により蛍光強度が変化する特徴を有する蛍光色素である、上記(13)に記載の方法。

(15)二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、上記(13)又は(14)に記載の方法。

(16)ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、上記(13)〜(15)のいずれかに記載の方法。

(17)酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われることを特徴とする、上記(13)〜(16)のいずれかに記載の方法。

(18)上記(13)に記載の各種二本鎖核酸をセットとして組み合わせたことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定するための試薬キット。
(13) A method for identifying substrate specificity of a helicase, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (c):
(A) It consists of a single-stranded nucleic acid having a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity changes depending on proximity to or away from the constituent base of the nucleic acid, and the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid. A step of preparing various double-stranded nucleic acids.
(B) A step of performing an enzyme reaction with a test helicase using each of the double-stranded nucleic acids as a substrate. And (c) measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.

(14) The method according to (13) above, wherein the fluorescent dye is a fluorescent dye having a feature that the fluorescence intensity is changed by interaction with a guanine base.

(15) The method according to (13) or (14) above, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand.

(16) The method according to any one of (13) to (15) above, wherein the helicase is a DNA helicase or an RNA helicase.

(17) The above (13) to (16), wherein the enzymatic reaction is performed in the presence of a substance that captures any one of the single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double-stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate. The method in any one of.

(18) A reagent kit for identifying the substrate specificity of helicase, wherein the various double-stranded nucleic acids according to (13) are combined as a set.

本発明のヘリカーゼ活性の測定法によれば、ヘリカーゼの二本鎖核酸を一本鎖核酸へ解離させる活性を、放射性同位体元素や電気化学的測定手法、FRETなどを用いずに、簡便かつ安価に測定可能にすることが可能となる。また、このヘリカーゼ活性測定法を利用して、該ヘリカーゼの基質特異性の測定や該ヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤のスクリーニングも極めて効率的に行える。特にヘリカーゼはガンとの関連も示唆されており、本発明は新たなガンの研究あるいは抗ガン剤等の医薬品開発等において大いに資するものである。さらに、病原性微生物の増殖に必須なヘリカーゼを標的として、該ヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤のスクリーニングを行うことで、新規な抗生物質等の医薬品開発に大いに貢献するものである。   According to the method for measuring helicase activity of the present invention, the activity of dissociating a double-stranded nucleic acid of helicase into a single-stranded nucleic acid can be carried out simply and inexpensively without using radioisotopes, electrochemical measurement techniques, FRET, etc. It becomes possible to make it measurable. In addition, this helicase activity measurement method can be used to measure the substrate specificity of the helicase and to screen for inhibitors or activators of the helicase. In particular, helicase has been suggested to be associated with cancer, and the present invention greatly contributes to research of new cancers or development of pharmaceuticals such as anticancer agents. Furthermore, screening for inhibitors or activators of helicases targeting helicases essential for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms greatly contributes to the development of pharmaceuticals such as novel antibiotics.

ヘリカーゼは、二本鎖核酸を一本鎖核酸に巻き戻す作用を有する酵素であり、DNA鎖とDNA鎖からなる二本鎖DNAに作用するDNAヘリカーゼ、RNA鎖とRNA鎖からなる二本鎖RNAに作用するRNAヘリカーゼあるいはDNAとRNA鎖からなるハイブリッド鎖に作用するものがある。また、さらに、5’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸を基質とするもの、3’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸を基質とするもの、平滑末端に作用するものがある。   A helicase is an enzyme that has the effect of rewinding a double-stranded nucleic acid into a single-stranded nucleic acid, a DNA helicase that acts on a double-stranded DNA consisting of a DNA strand and a DNA strand, a double-stranded RNA consisting of an RNA strand and an RNA strand There are RNA helicases that act on DNA or those that act on hybrid strands consisting of DNA and RNA strands. Further, there are those using a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 5 'protruding end as a substrate, those using a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 3' protruding end as a substrate, and those acting on a blunt end.

本発明のヘリカーゼ活性の測定法においては、このような測定対象ヘリカーゼの種類に応じて、基質となる蛍光標識二本鎖核酸を合成する。
これには、まず、適当な長さの核酸分子を合成し、該核酸分子の構成塩基を蛍光標識し、蛍光標識一本鎖核酸を作成し、該一本鎖核酸と相補の塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸を作成し、両者をハイブリダイズさせ二本鎖核酸とする。このとき使用する蛍光色素としては、特定の核酸塩基と近接、離間することにより、その蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を用いるが、このような蛍光色素としては、例えばグアニン塩基に対するBODIPY FL, TAMRA, BODIPY R6G, Pacific Blue等が挙げられる。上記蛍光標識する一本鎖核酸の設計においては、蛍光色素が結合する塩基あるいはその近傍の塩基は、蛍光強度に影響しない塩基になるようその塩基配列を設計するとともに、さらに、このような蛍光標識一本鎖核酸とハイブリダイズさせる他方の一本鎖核酸の設計においては、上記蛍光標識核酸とハイブリダイズさせたとき、上記蛍光色素が結合する核酸塩基と塩基対を形成する核酸塩基、あるいはその近傍の核酸塩基のうち、少なくも一つは、上記蛍光色素との近接及び離間によってその蛍光強度を変化させる塩基になるように設計する。以下、このように形成された二本鎖核酸を基質とし活性測定対象のヘリカーゼを用いて酵素反応を行う。この酵素反応により二本鎖核酸は、一本鎖核酸に解離し、上記蛍光色素が上記塩基と離間することにより、蛍光強度が変化する。この変化した蛍光強度を測定することによりヘリカーゼの活性を測定することができる。
In the method for measuring helicase activity of the present invention, a fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acid as a substrate is synthesized according to the type of helicase to be measured.
For this, first, a nucleic acid molecule of an appropriate length is synthesized, the bases of the nucleic acid molecule are fluorescently labeled, a fluorescently labeled single-stranded nucleic acid is prepared, and the base sequence is complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid. The other single-stranded nucleic acid is prepared, and both are hybridized to form a double-stranded nucleic acid. As the fluorescent dye used at this time, a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity changes by approaching and separating from a specific nucleic acid base is used. As such a fluorescent dye, for example, BODIPY FL, TAMRA, BODIPY R6G, Pacific Blue etc. are mentioned. In designing the single-stranded nucleic acid to be fluorescently labeled, the base sequence is designed so that the base to which the fluorescent dye binds or the base in the vicinity thereof becomes a base that does not affect the fluorescence intensity. In designing the other single-stranded nucleic acid to be hybridized with the single-stranded nucleic acid, when hybridized with the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid, the nucleic acid base that forms a base pair with the nucleobase to which the fluorescent dye binds, or the vicinity thereof At least one of the nucleobases is designed to be a base that changes its fluorescence intensity by approaching and separating from the fluorescent dye. Hereinafter, the double-stranded nucleic acid thus formed is used as a substrate, and an enzyme reaction is performed using a helicase whose activity is to be measured. As a result of this enzymatic reaction, the double-stranded nucleic acid is dissociated into single-stranded nucleic acid, and the fluorescence intensity changes as the fluorescent dye is separated from the base. The activity of helicase can be measured by measuring the changed fluorescence intensity.

このような本発明の測定原理については、図1の例を用いてさらに具体的に説明する。
図1は蛍光色素として、グアニン塩基(G)との電子移動により、蛍光が消光する蛍光色素を使用し、ヘリカーゼとしてDNAヘリカーゼ・RNAヘリカーゼとしてのHCV NS3を用いた例を示す。
(a)基質の調製
グアニン塩基の近接により消光乃至減光する蛍光色素を、5’末端の塩基がシトシン(C)になるようにDNA乃至RNA分子を合成し、このシトシン塩基にグアニン塩基により消光する蛍光色素を、結合させる。一方、このDNA乃至RNA分子と相補の塩基配列部分を有するDNA乃至RNA分子(3‘末端グアニン)を合成し、2つのDNA乃至RNA分子をハイブリダイズさせ2本鎖核酸を形成させる。このとき、一方のDNA乃至RNA分子に標識された蛍光色素は他方のDNA乃至RNA 分子中のグアニン塩基と近接しているため、該蛍光色素は消光状態にある。
(b)酵素反応
ついで、活性測定対象のDNAヘリカーゼ・RNAヘリカーゼと、基質となる上記2本鎖核酸とを共存させ、酵素反応を行う。このDNAヘリカーゼ・RNAヘリカーゼの酵素作用により2本鎖核酸は蛍光標識された一本鎖DNA乃至RNAと、3’末端塩基がグアニンである一本鎖DNA乃至RNA(Gstrand)とに解離するが、このとき解離したGstrand を補足するために、このGstrand と相補配列を有するDNA乃至RNA(capture strand)を酵素反応溶液に添加しておくことが好ましい。このcapture strandは、Gstrandを優先的に補足するため過剰量使用することが好ましい。
(c)蛍光強度の測定
上記酵素反応による2本鎖核酸の解離により、一方の一本鎖DNA乃至RNAの蛍光色素はグアニン塩基と離間するため、蛍光が発生乃至増加するようになる。したがって、酵素反応前後の蛍光強度を測定し、その蛍光強度の増加を求めれば、ヘリカーゼの活性を測定できる。すなわち、蛍光強度の増加は、被験ヘリカーゼ自体が保有する活性のほかに、基質濃度あるいは量、ヘリカーゼの濃度あるいは量、若しくは温度等の酵素作用条件に依存するが、これらを一定にすれば、一定の酵素作用条件下における被験ヘリカーゼの活性を評価できる。
本発明の蛍光標識2本鎖核酸はヘリカーゼの活性測定用試薬と使用できるが、試薬とする場合において、種々のヘリカーゼの活性を測定可能にするため、これらヘリカーゼの基質となるように、蛍光標識する2本鎖核酸の核酸種類(DNA、RNA、ハイブリッド鎖)、構造を変えて、これらを組み合わせ試薬キットとすることもできる。
The measurement principle of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the example of FIG.
FIG. 1 shows an example in which a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence is quenched by electron transfer with a guanine base (G) is used as a fluorescent dye, and HCV NS3 as a DNA helicase / RNA helicase is used as a helicase.
(A) Preparation of substrate A fluorescent dye that is quenched or dimmed by the proximity of a guanine base is synthesized with a DNA or RNA molecule so that the base at the 5 'end is cytosine (C), and the cytosine base is quenched by a guanine base. The fluorescent dye to be bound is bound. On the other hand, a DNA or RNA molecule (3 ′ terminal guanine) having a base sequence portion complementary to the DNA or RNA molecule is synthesized, and two DNA or RNA molecules are hybridized to form a double-stranded nucleic acid. At this time, since the fluorescent dye labeled on one DNA or RNA molecule is close to the guanine base in the other DNA or RNA molecule, the fluorescent dye is in a quenched state.
(B) Enzymatic reaction Next, an enzymatic reaction is carried out in the presence of a DNA helicase / RNA helicase whose activity is to be measured and the double-stranded nucleic acid as a substrate. Due to the enzymatic action of this DNA helicase / RNA helicase, the double-stranded nucleic acid is dissociated into fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA or RNA and single-stranded DNA or RNA (Gstrand) whose 3 ′ terminal base is guanine. In order to supplement the dissociated Gstrand at this time, it is preferable to add DNA or RNA (capture strand) having a complementary sequence to Gstrand to the enzyme reaction solution. This capture strand is preferably used in excess to preferentially supplement Gstrand.
(C) Measurement of fluorescence intensity Due to the dissociation of the double-stranded nucleic acid by the enzyme reaction, the fluorescent dye of one single-stranded DNA or RNA is separated from the guanine base, so that fluorescence is generated or increased. Therefore, if the fluorescence intensity before and after the enzyme reaction is measured and an increase in the fluorescence intensity is determined, the activity of the helicase can be measured. That is, the increase in fluorescence intensity depends on enzyme activity conditions such as substrate concentration or amount, helicase concentration or amount, or temperature, in addition to the activity possessed by the test helicase itself. The activity of the test helicase under the enzyme action conditions can be evaluated.
The fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acid of the present invention can be used as a reagent for measuring the activity of helicase, but when used as a reagent, in order to be able to measure the activity of various helicases, These can also be used as a combined reagent kit by changing the nucleic acid type (DNA, RNA, hybrid chain) and structure of the double-stranded nucleic acid.

本願発明における上記ヘリカーゼ活性の測定法は、ヘリカーゼ阻害剤あるいは活性化剤のスクリーニングにも利用できる。ある特定のヘリカーゼに対する阻害剤、あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングする場合、上記したヘリカーゼ活性の測定方法と同様にして、該ヘリカーゼが基質とすることが可能な蛍光標識2本鎖核酸を調製する。次いで、この基質とヘリカーゼ阻害剤あるいは活性化剤の候補物質を、ヘリカ―ゼ含有酵素反応液に加えて、酵素反応を行い、蛍光強度を測定する。蛍光強度が、酵素反応溶液に候補物質を含有させない場合と比較して変化していれば、その候補物質はヘリカーゼ阻害剤乃至活性化剤である。
例えば、上記のようなグアニン塩基の近接により消光乃至減光する蛍光色素で標識した2本鎖核酸を基質として用いる場合においては、測定される蛍光強度は、候補物質がヘリカーゼ阻害剤であるとき、これを酵素反応溶液中に入れない場合に比べ減少する。また活性化剤の場合は候補物質を入れない場合に比べ増大する。
したがって、上記蛍光強度の変化をみることにより、ヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングすることができる。
The method for measuring helicase activity in the present invention can also be used for screening helicase inhibitors or activators. When screening an inhibitor or activator for a specific helicase, a fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acid that can be used as a substrate by the helicase is prepared in the same manner as the method for measuring helicase activity described above. Next, the substrate and a helicase inhibitor or activator candidate substance are added to the helicase-containing enzyme reaction solution, an enzyme reaction is performed, and the fluorescence intensity is measured. If the fluorescence intensity is changed as compared with the case where the candidate substance is not contained in the enzyme reaction solution, the candidate substance is a helicase inhibitor or activator.
For example, when a double-stranded nucleic acid labeled with a fluorescent dye that is quenched or dimmed by the proximity of the guanine base as described above is used as a substrate, the measured fluorescence intensity is as follows when the candidate substance is a helicase inhibitor: This is reduced compared to the case where it is not put in the enzyme reaction solution. In the case of an activator, it increases compared to the case where no candidate substance is added.
Therefore, helicase inhibitors or activators can be screened by observing the change in fluorescence intensity.

また、本発明のヘリカーゼの阻害剤あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングするための試薬キットは、ヘリカーゼと上記蛍光標識2本鎖核酸を組み合わせたものである。上記蛍光標識核酸の2本鎖核酸の核酸種類、構造は、組み合わせるヘリカーゼの種類によって、基質とすることが可能なように設計する。
また、本発明の上記ヘリカーゼの活性の測定法は、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性の同定にも利用できる。ヘリカーゼはその種類によって、DNA鎖からなる二本鎖DNAを基質とするもの、RNA鎖とRNA 鎖からなる二本鎖RNAを基質とするもの、あるいはDNAとRNA鎖からなるハイブリッド鎖を基質とするものがあり、さらに、その構造によっても異なり、5’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸を基質とするもの、3’突出末端を有する二本鎖核酸を基質とするもの、平滑末端を有する2本鎖核酸を基質とするもの等があり、その基質特異性は様々である。本発明のヘリカーゼの基質特異性の同定法においては、上記ヘリカーゼの測定法における蛍光標識手法を使用して、2本鎖核酸の核酸種類、構造を変えた各種の蛍光標識2本鎖核酸を調製しておく。次いで、得られた蛍光標識2本鎖核酸毎に、被験ヘリカーゼを含有する酵素反応溶液と接触させて、蛍光強度を測定し、その蛍光強度変化をみることにより、被験ヘリカーゼのその2本鎖核酸に対する作用程度を評価できる。例えば、上記のようなグアニン塩基の近接により消光乃至減光する蛍光色素で標識した2本鎖核酸を用いる場合においては、測定される蛍光強度は、ある特定の2本鎖核酸が被験ヘリカーゼの基質となりうるとき、2本鎖核酸は解離するので蛍光が増加する。基質とならない場合には蛍光は変化しない。したがって、このような手法により、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定でき、また、基質特異性の広さ等も把握できる。
The reagent kit for screening for an inhibitor or activator of helicase of the present invention is a combination of helicase and the above fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acid. The nucleic acid type and structure of the double-stranded nucleic acid of the fluorescently labeled nucleic acid are designed so that it can be used as a substrate depending on the type of helicase to be combined.
The method for measuring the activity of the above helicase of the present invention can also be used for identifying the substrate specificity of the helicase. Depending on the type of helicase, double stranded DNA consisting of DNA strands is used as a substrate, double stranded RNA consisting of RNA strands and RNA strands is used as a substrate, or hybrid strands consisting of DNA and RNA strands are used as substrates. In addition, depending on the structure, a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 5 'protruding end is used as a substrate, a double-stranded nucleic acid having a 3' protruding end is used as a substrate, and two having a blunt end Some have strand nucleic acids as substrates, and the substrate specificity varies. In the method for identifying the substrate specificity of the helicase of the present invention, various fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acids having different nucleic acid types and structures of the double-stranded nucleic acid are prepared using the fluorescence labeling method in the above helicase measurement method. Keep it. Next, each of the obtained fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acids is brought into contact with an enzyme reaction solution containing the test helicase, the fluorescence intensity is measured, and the change in the fluorescence intensity is observed, whereby the double-stranded nucleic acid of the test helicase is observed. The degree of action on can be evaluated. For example, in the case of using a double-stranded nucleic acid labeled with a fluorescent dye that is quenched or dimmed by the proximity of the guanine base as described above, the fluorescence intensity measured is that the specific double-stranded nucleic acid is a substrate of the test helicase When double-stranded nucleic acid is dissociated, fluorescence increases. Fluorescence does not change when it is not a substrate. Therefore, by such a method, the substrate specificity of helicase can be identified, and the breadth of the substrate specificity can be grasped.

また、本願発明の基質特異性の同定方法は、例えば、遺伝子、タンパク質の相同検索によりあるタンパク質がヘリカーゼであると予想される場合に、ヘリカーゼであるとの確認及びその基質特異性を調べるために有用である。
さらに、上記各種の蛍光標識2本鎖核酸は、セットとしてヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定するための試薬として使用できる。

以下に、本発明の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれら実施例により限定されるものではない。
The method for identifying substrate specificity of the present invention is, for example, for confirming that a protein is a helicase by homologous search of genes and proteins, and for checking the substrate specificity of the protein. Useful.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned various fluorescently labeled double-stranded nucleic acids can be used as a reagent for identifying the substrate specificity of helicase as a set.

Examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

HCV NS3は,2本鎖を1本鎖にほどく際、ATP加水分解のエネルギーを必要とすることが知られている。そこで,本実験においては,ATPの有無により蛍光値がどのように変化するかを検討した。まず、NS3-QP1(5’-BODIPY FL)- CTAGTACCGCCACCCTCAGAACCTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3’(配列番号1))およびGstrand(5’-GGTTCTGAGGGTGGCGGTACTAGG-3’(配列番号2))を1:3(モル比)にて20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0の溶液中で混合し,その溶液を90℃で15秒間インキュベートした後,ゆっくり室温に戻して2本鎖核酸(substrate)を作製した。次に,20 nM substrate,30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0,5 mM MgCl2,0.075% Triton X-100,1 mM ATP,250 nM capture strand(5’-CTAGTACCGCCACCCTCAGAACC-3’(配列番号3)),115 nM HCV NS3(helicase)の反応液(20μl)を用意し、これを37℃で90分間インキュベートし,リアルタイムに蛍光強度を測定した。蛍光測定装置としてLightCycler 1.5(Roche)を使用した。
結果を図2に示す。図2の結果によれば、ATPの添加により、ATP無添加の場合に比べ蛍光強度が明らかに増大した。この結果はATP添加による発現したヘリカーゼの活性を本発明の測定法により正確に把握できることを示している。
HCV NS3 is known to require energy for ATP hydrolysis when unfolding two strands into a single strand. In this experiment, we examined how the fluorescence value changes depending on the presence or absence of ATP. First, NS3-QP1 (5'-BODIPY FL) -CTAGTACCGCCACCCTCAGAACCTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)) and Gstrand (5'-GGTTCTGAGGGTGGCGGTACTAGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2)) are used at 1: 3 (molar ratio). After mixing in a solution of mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, the solution was incubated at 90 ° C. for 15 seconds, and then slowly returned to room temperature to prepare a double-stranded nucleic acid (substrate). Next, 20 nM substrate, 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.075% Triton X-100, 1 mM ATP, 250 nM capture strand (5′-CTAGTACCGCCACCCTCAGAACC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 3)) , 115 nM HCV NS3 (helicase) reaction solution (20 μl) was prepared, incubated at 37 ° C. for 90 minutes, and fluorescence intensity was measured in real time. LightCycler 1.5 (Roche) was used as a fluorescence measuring device.
The results are shown in FIG. According to the results of FIG. 2, the fluorescence intensity was clearly increased by the addition of ATP compared to the case of no addition of ATP. This result shows that the activity of helicase expressed by addition of ATP can be accurately grasped by the measurement method of the present invention.

HCV NS3量の増加に依存して蛍光の発光量が増加するかどうかを検討した。
反応液の組成(20μL)は,20 nM substrate(実施例1と同じ), 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0,5 mM MgCl2,0.075% Triton X-100,1 mM ATP,250 nM capture strand(実施例1と同じ),0-115 nM HCV NS3(helicase)とした。
37℃で90分間インキュベートし,リアルタイムに蛍光強度を測定した。蛍光測定装置としてLightCycler 1.5(Roche)を使用した。結果を図3に示す。これによれば,NS3の濃度に依存して,蛍光量の増加がみられた。すなわち、NS3の濃度に依存して増大するヘリカーゼ活性は、蛍光強度に正確に反映することが明らかとなった。
We investigated whether the amount of fluorescence emission increased depending on the increase in the amount of HCV NS3.
The composition of the reaction solution (20 μL) was 20 nM substrate (same as Example 1), 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.075% Triton X-100, 1 mM ATP, 250 nM capture strand ( Example 1), 0-115 nM HCV NS3 (helicase).
After incubating at 37 ° C for 90 minutes, the fluorescence intensity was measured in real time. LightCycler 1.5 (Roche) was used as a fluorescence measuring device. The results are shown in FIG. According to this, the amount of fluorescence increased depending on the concentration of NS3. That is, it has been clarified that the helicase activity that increases depending on the concentration of NS3 accurately reflects the fluorescence intensity.

ATP-γ-Sは非加水分解性のATPアナログである。ATP-γ-Sは,helicaseに結合するが,加水分解はされない。そのため,ATP-γ-Sが結合したhelicaseは,2本鎖DNAもしくはRNAを1本鎖にほどくことができなくなる。よって,ATP-γ-Sをhelicase活性の阻害剤として用いることができる。このATP-γ-Sを使用したモデル実験により、本発明の測定系がhelicase活性の阻害剤のスクリーニング法として使用できるか否かを検証した。
反応液の組成(20μL)は,20 nM substrate(実施例1と同じ),30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0,5 mM MgCl2,0.075% Triton X-100,1 mM ATP,250 nM capture strand(実施例1と同じ),115 nM HCV NS3(helicase),0-10 mM ATP-γ-Sとした。
37℃で90分間インキュベートし,リアルタイムに蛍光強度を測定した。蛍光測定装置としてLightCycler 1.5(Roche)を使用した。
結果を図4に示す。これによれば、ATP-γ-Sの濃度に依存して蛍光値が変化することがわかった。
さらに、得られたデータに対し,曲線回帰(Exponential Rise)を行うことで,反応の速度定数kを求め,求めたkの値を,ヘリケース活性の指標とした。Kaleidaグラフを用いて,以下のExponential Rise(指数上昇)の式により,曲線回帰した。
F(t) = C+A{1-exp(-kt)}
ここで,F(t)は蛍光強度,Cはy軸の変位,Aは振幅,kは速度定数,tは時間である。結果より,ATP-γ-S量に依存して速度定数kは減少した。(図5)。
すなわち、これらの結果は、ATP-γ-Sの阻害剤としての機能を本発明の測定法により的確に捉えられていることを示し、また、その濃度依存的な蛍光強度の減少は、阻害剤の阻害の強さも測定できることを示す。以上から、本発明のスクリーニング方法は極めて有効であることが実証された。
ATP-γ-S is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog. ATP-γ-S binds to helicase but is not hydrolyzed. As a result, helicase with ATP-γ-S cannot unfold double-stranded DNA or RNA into single strands. Therefore, ATP-γ-S can be used as an inhibitor of helicase activity. Whether or not the measurement system of the present invention can be used as a screening method for an inhibitor of helicase activity was verified by a model experiment using this ATP-γ-S.
The composition of the reaction solution (20 μL) was 20 nM substrate (same as Example 1), 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.075% Triton X-100, 1 mM ATP, 250 nM capture strand ( The same as in Example 1), 115 nM HCV NS3 (helicase), and 0-10 mM ATP-γ-S.
After incubating at 37 ° C for 90 minutes, the fluorescence intensity was measured in real time. LightCycler 1.5 (Roche) was used as a fluorescence measuring device.
The results are shown in FIG. According to this, it was found that the fluorescence value changed depending on the concentration of ATP-γ-S.
Furthermore, by performing curve regression (Exponential Rise) on the obtained data, the rate constant k of the reaction was obtained, and the obtained value of k was used as an index of the helicase activity. Using the Kaleida graph, curve regression was performed using the following Exponential Rise equation.
F (t) = C + A {1-exp (-kt)}
Here, F (t) is the fluorescence intensity, C is the y-axis displacement, A is the amplitude, k is the rate constant, and t is the time. The results showed that the rate constant k decreased depending on the amount of ATP-γ-S. (FIG. 5).
That is, these results indicate that the function of ATP-γ-S as an inhibitor is accurately captured by the measurement method of the present invention, and the concentration-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensity is It shows that the strength of inhibition can also be measured. From the above, it was demonstrated that the screening method of the present invention is extremely effective.

本発明の測定原理を説明するための概略図である。It is the schematic for demonstrating the measurement principle of this invention. 実施例1の実験において測定された蛍光値と、ヘリカーゼ反応系におけるATPとの関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the fluorescence value measured in the experiment of Example 1, and ATP in a helicase reaction system. 実施例2の実験において測定された蛍光値と、へリカーゼ(HCV NS3)の濃度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the fluorescence value measured in experiment of Example 2, and the density | concentration of helicase (HCV NS3). 実施例4の実験において測定された蛍光値と、ヘリカーゼ阻害剤ATP−γ―S濃度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the fluorescence value measured in experiment of Example 4, and helicase inhibitor ATP-gamma-S density | concentration. ATP−γ―S濃度と図4の実験結果に基づき算出されたヘリカーゼの相対活性の関係を示すグラフである。5 is a graph showing the relationship between the ATP-γ-S concentration and the relative activity of helicase calculated based on the experimental results of FIG.

Claims (15)

少なくとも以下の(a)〜(c)の工程を含むことを特徴とするヘリカーゼ活性の測定方法。
(a)グアニン塩基との相互作用によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を、5’末端に設けたシトシン塩基に結合させた一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な3’末端がグアニン残基である塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)該二本鎖核酸を基質として、ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。
(c)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。
A method for measuring helicase activity, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (c):
(A) a single-stranded nucleic acid obtained by binding a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity is changed by interaction with a guanine base to a cytosine base provided at the 5 ′ end , and a 3 ′ end complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid A step of preparing a double-stranded nucleic acid comprising the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence which is a guanine residue .
(B) A step of performing an enzyme reaction with helicase using the double-stranded nucleic acid as a substrate.
(C) A step of measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.
前記二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、請求項に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand. 前記ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 Wherein the helicase is a DNA helicase or RNA helicase A method according to claim 1 or 2. 前記酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われることを特徴とする、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の方法。 The enzymatic reaction, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a substance to capture one of a single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate, according to any one of claims 1 to 3 the method of. 請求項1に記載の二本鎖核酸を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼ活性測定用試薬キット。   A reagent kit for measuring helicase activity, comprising at least the double-stranded nucleic acid according to claim 1. 少なくとも以下の(a)〜(d)の工程を含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼ活性の阻害剤あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングする方法。
(a)グアニン塩基との相互作用によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を、5’末端に設けたシトシン塩基に結合させた一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な3’末端がグアニン残基である塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)該二本鎖核酸と、ヘリカーゼ阻害剤あるいは活性化剤の候補物質を含む試料を混合する工程。
(c)前記混合溶液に対してヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。
(d)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。
A method for screening an inhibitor or activator of helicase activity, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (d):
(A) a single-stranded nucleic acid obtained by binding a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity is changed by interaction with a guanine base to a cytosine base provided at the 5 ′ end , and a 3 ′ end complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid A step of preparing a double-stranded nucleic acid comprising the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence which is a guanine residue .
(B) A step of mixing the double-stranded nucleic acid and a sample containing a helicase inhibitor or activator candidate substance.
(C) The process of performing the enzyme reaction by a helicase with respect to the said mixed solution.
(D) A step of measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.
二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、請求項に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 6 , wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid is composed of a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand. ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、請求項6又は7に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 6 or 7 , wherein the helicase is a DNA helicase or an RNA helicase. 酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われる、請求項6〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。 The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , wherein the enzymatic reaction is performed in the presence of a substance that captures one of the single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double-stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate. 請求項に記載の二本鎖核酸とヘリカーゼを組み合わせたことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼ活性の阻害剤あるいは活性化剤をスクリーニングするための試薬キット。 A reagent kit for screening for an inhibitor or activator of helicase activity, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid according to claim 6 is combined with a helicase. 少なくとも以下の(a)〜(c)の工程を含むことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定する方法。
(a)グアニン塩基との相互作用によって蛍光強度が変化する蛍光色素を、5’末端に設けたシトシン塩基に結合させた一本鎖核酸と、該一本鎖核酸と相補的な3’末端がグアニン残基である塩基配列を有する他方の一本鎖核酸とからなる各種二本鎖核酸を用意する工程。
(b)該各二本鎖核酸を基質として、被験ヘリカーゼによる酵素反応を行う工程。
(c)前記酵素反応の反応産物からの蛍光強度を測定する工程。
A method for identifying the substrate specificity of a helicase, comprising at least the following steps (a) to (c):
(A) a single-stranded nucleic acid obtained by binding a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity is changed by interaction with a guanine base to a cytosine base provided at the 5 ′ end , and a 3 ′ end complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid A step of preparing various double-stranded nucleic acids comprising the other single-stranded nucleic acid having a base sequence which is a guanine residue .
(B) A step of performing an enzyme reaction with a test helicase using each double-stranded nucleic acid as a substrate.
(C) A step of measuring the fluorescence intensity from the reaction product of the enzyme reaction.
二本鎖核酸が、DNA鎖とDNA鎖、RNA鎖とRNA鎖またはDNA鎖とRNA鎖からなることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 11 , wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a DNA strand and a DNA strand, an RNA strand and an RNA strand, or a DNA strand and an RNA strand. ヘリカーゼがDNAヘリカーゼまたはRNAヘリカーゼであることを特徴とする、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the helicase is a DNA helicase or an RNA helicase. 酵素反応が、基質に含まれる二本鎖核酸から遊離した一本鎖核酸のいずれか一方を捕捉する物質の存在下において行われることを特徴とする、請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。 Enzymatic reaction, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a substance to capture one of a single-stranded nucleic acids released from the double stranded nucleic acid contained in the substrate, as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13 Method. 請求項11に記載の各種二本鎖核酸をセットとして組み合わせたことを特徴とする、ヘリカーゼの基質特異性を同定するための試薬キット。 A reagent kit for identifying the substrate specificity of helicase, wherein the various double-stranded nucleic acids according to claim 11 are combined as a set.
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