JP4932090B2 - Surfactant and its use - Google Patents
Surfactant and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4932090B2 JP4932090B2 JP2001161599A JP2001161599A JP4932090B2 JP 4932090 B2 JP4932090 B2 JP 4932090B2 JP 2001161599 A JP2001161599 A JP 2001161599A JP 2001161599 A JP2001161599 A JP 2001161599A JP 4932090 B2 JP4932090 B2 JP 4932090B2
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- acid
- carbon atoms
- surfactant
- parts
- Prior art date
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- -1 builders Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004909 Moisturizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001333 moisturizer Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 4
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZRGUXTGDSGGHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;triperchlorate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZRGUXTGDSGGHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KDQIFKKWPMBNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C KDQIFKKWPMBNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Inorganic materials O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound COC(O)=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrioctylammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-methylamine Natural products NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004712 monophosphates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIXSDMKDSYXUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1CCCCC1 CIXSDMKDSYXUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMHNQZGXPNCMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(C)C QMHNQZGXPNCMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)C UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCNC1CCCCC1 AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJINZNWPEQMMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNC XJINZNWPEQMMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine oxide Chemical compound C[NH+](C)[O-] ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- HTKPDYSCAPSXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C HTKPDYSCAPSXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000865 phosphorylative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940045920 sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HYRLWUFWDYFEES-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)N1CCCC1=O HYRLWUFWDYFEES-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は界面活性剤に関する。さらに詳しくはポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミド型ノニオン性界面活性剤およびそのアニオン化物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミド型ノニオン性界面活性剤が提案されており(特開昭56−082896号公報など)、このタイプのノニオン性界面活性剤は種々のアニオン性界面活性剤等に対して増粘作用を示すことが知られている。また、これらのノニオン性界面活性剤のアニオン化物としてアルキルアミドエーテル硫酸エステル塩(特開平5−339596号公報)、アルキルアミドスルホコハク酸エステル塩(特公平5−75722号公報)、アルキルアミドエーテルカルボン酸塩(特開平11−189786号公報)などが提案されており、これらのアニオン性界面活性剤は、シャンプー、食器用洗浄剤、金属洗浄剤、重合用乳化剤などの成分として使用されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これらのポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミド型ノニオン性界面活性剤が洗浄剤組成物に配合された場合、製品の外観がかすむ等の経日安定性や、増粘性が不十分であることなどの問題が残されていた。また、これらをアニオン化して得られるアニオン性界面活性剤は、洗浄剤組成物に配合されると低温で長期保存した場合に製品の外観がかすむ等の経日安定性や、起泡性、および洗浄性が不十分であること、さらには人体への皮膚刺激性が強いことなどの問題が残されていた。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール部分の分子量分布の狭いポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミド型ノニオン性界面活性剤およびそのアニオン化物が、優れた増粘性、配合性、起泡力、洗浄力、低温安定性と対硬水性を示すことを見出し、本発明に到達した。
【0005】
すなわち本発明は、下記一般式(1)で表され、異なるnを有する成分からなる界面活性剤であって、最も重量%の多い成分のnをnmaxとしたときnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80重量%以上であるノニオン性またはアニオン性界面活性剤、並びにこれらの界面活性剤を含有する洗浄剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、分散剤、可溶化剤、浸透剤および湿潤剤である。
R1−CONH−(AO)n−X (1)
[式中、R1は炭素数7〜24の炭化水素基、Xは水素原子またはアニオン性基、Aは炭素数2〜5の1種以上のアルキレン基、nは平均が1.5〜20となる1以上の整数を表す。]
【0006】
【発明の実施と形態】
本発明における界面活性剤は一般式(1)で示され、式中のnは(AO)のモル数を表し、平均が1.5〜20、好ましくは1.5〜10、さらに好ましくは1.5〜5となる1以上(好ましくは1〜20)の整数である。
本発明の界面活性剤においては、これらのnのうちで最も重量%の多い成分のnをnmaxとしたときnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80重量%以上であることが必要であり、90重量%以上であることが好ましい。80重量%未満である場合は、経日安定性および低濃度での洗浄性が低下する。
【0007】
nの成分毎の重量%は、下記の高速液体クロマトグラフィーまたはガスクロマトグラフィーによる方法で測定されるものである。
【0008】
すなわち本発明は、下記一般式(1)で表され、異なるnを有する成分からなる界面活性剤であって、最も重量%の多い成分のnをnmaxとしたときnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80重量%以上であるノニオン性またはアニオン性界面活性剤、並びにこれらの界面活性剤を含有する洗浄剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、分散剤、可溶化剤、浸透剤および湿潤剤である。
R1−CONH−(AO)n−X (1)
[式中、R1は炭素数7〜24の炭化水素基、Xは水素原子またはアニオン性基、Aは炭素数2のエチレン基、nは平均が1.5〜20となる1以上の整数を表す。]
【0009】
アニオン性界面活性剤の場合;
アニオン性基がスルホン酸基、硫酸エステル基、燐酸エステル基またはこれらの塩の場合:
高速液体クロマトグラフィーにて下記の条件で測定。
アニオン性基がカルボン酸基またはその塩の場合:
試料と過剰のメタノールを濃硫酸を触媒として反応させてエステル化し、中和後、石油エーテル抽出物をガスクロマトグラフィーにて下記の条件で測定。
<測定条件▲3▼>
機 種:島津製作所製 GC−14A
カラム:DIASOLID ZT(80〜100メッシュ)
検出器:FID
温 度:100→320℃(10℃/min)
キャリヤーガス:N2、40mL/min
測定時間:30分
【0010】
一般式(1)におけるR1の炭素数7〜24の炭化水素基としては、直鎖もしくは分岐の脂肪族炭化水素基(アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルカジエニル基など)、および置換芳香族炭化水素基(置換アリール基、置換アリールアルキル基など)もしくは非置換の芳香族炭化水素基(非置換アリール基、非置換アリールアルキル基など)が挙げられ、具体的には以下の基が含まれる。
【0011】
脂肪族炭化水素基;
アルキル基[n−オクチル、2−エチルヘキシル、n−およびi−ノニル、n−およびi−デシル、2−エチルオクチル、ラウリル、トリデシル、ミリスチル、セチル、ステアリルおよびノナデシル基など]、アルケニル基[オクテニル、デセニル、ドデセニル、トリデセニル、ペンタデセニル、オレイルおよびガドレイル基など]、アルカジエニル基[リノレイル基など]、
【0012】
置換芳香族炭化水素基;
置換アリール基[ノニルフェニル、オクチルフェニルおよびtert−ブチルフェニル基など]、置換アリールアルキル基[エチルベンジル、n−およびi−プロピルベンジル、n−およびi−ヘキシルベンジル、およびn−オクチルベンジル基などのアルキル置換アリールアルキル基、並びにスチレン化ベンジル基などの芳香族炭化水素置換アリールアルキル基など]、
【0013】
非置換芳香族炭化水素基;
非置換アリール基[フェニルおよびナフチル基など]、非置換アリールアルキル基[ベンジルおよびフェニルエチル基など]。
【0014】
R1 は、直鎖状と分岐状など2種以上の基の混合物であってもよい。R1は好ましくは炭素数9〜21、さらに好ましくは炭素数10〜18である。炭素数7未満では、十分な起泡力、洗浄力が得られず、炭素数が24を超えると溶解性が著しく低下する。
【0015】
Aは炭素数2〜5の直鎖または分岐状のアルキレン基である。アルキレン基としては、エチレン、1,2−および1,3−プロピレン、1,2−、1,3−、1,4−および2,3−ブチレン、1,2−、1,3−、1,4−、1,5−、2,3−および2,4−ペンテン基など、ならびにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせが挙げられる。これらのうち好ましいのはエチレン基及び1,2−プロピレン基であり、Aが2種以上である場合はブロック状でもランダム状でも両者の組み合わせでもよい。Aは酸素原子Oとともにオキシアルキレン基−AO−を形成する。
【0016】
nはオキシアルキレン基−AO−の付加モル数に相当し、nは1以上、好ましくは1〜20の整数であり、nの平均は1.5〜20、好ましくは1.5〜10、さらに好ましくは1.5〜5の整数である。nの平均が5以下であると、十分な起泡力、洗浄力が得られ易い。
【0017】
Xが水素原子の場合のノニオン性界面活性剤の具体例としては、ジエチレングリコールモノラウリン酸アミド、テトラプロピレングリコールモノラウリン酸アミド、トリエチレングリコールモノミリスチン酸アミド、ジプロピレングリコールモノミリスチン酸アミド、ペンタエチレングリコールモノパルミチン酸アミド、並びにジプロピレングリコールモノステアリン酸アミドなどが挙げられる。
【0018】
Xがアニオン性基の場合、一般式(1)はアニオン性界面活性剤を表し、Xとしてはカルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、硫酸基、リン酸基などを含む基が挙げられる。これらのうち好ましくは下記一般式(4)〜(7)で表される基である。
【0019】
−(CH2)pCH2COOM1/r (4)
−(CH2)pSO3M1/r (5)
【0020】
【化3】
【0021】
【化4】
【0022】
式中、pは0または1〜5の整数であり、一般式(4)におけるpは好ましくは0または1、一般式(5)におけるpは好ましくは0または2である。Lの一方はSO3M1/rで、他方は水素原子である。Mは水素原子またはr価のカチオンを示し、rは1または2、好ましくは1である。
【0023】
一般式(4)〜(7)におけるMで表されるr価のカチオンとしては、アルカリ金属(例えばナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム)、アルカリ土類金属(例えばカルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウム)、有機アミンカチオンおよび第4級アンモニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
【0024】
有機アミンカチオンを構成する有機アミンとしては、脂肪族アミン、脂環式アミン、複素環アミンもしくはアルカノールアミン又はこれらのアルキレンオキサイド(以下AOと略す)付加物等が挙げられる。
脂肪族アミンとしては、メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、メチルヘキシルアミン、ジメチルヘキシルアミン、ジメチルオクチルアミン、ジメチルラウリルアミンおよびジメチルセチルアミンなどのアルキル基の炭素数が1〜18のモノ−、ジ−およびトリ−アルキルアミンが挙げられる。
脂環式アミンとしては、シクロブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、シクロペンチルアミン、シクロオクチルアミン、N−メチルシクロヘキシルアミンおよびN−エチルシクロヘキシルアミンなどのシクロアルキル基の炭素数が4〜12のシクロアルキルアミンおよびこれらのアルキル(炭素数1〜6)置換体が挙げられる。
複素環アミンとしては、モルホリンなどの炭素数が4〜10の複素環アミンが挙げられ、アルカノールアミンとしては、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミンおよびトリエタノールアミンなどのヒドロキシアルキル基の炭素数が2〜8のモノ−、ジ−およびトリ−ヒドロキシアルキルアミンが挙げられる。
これらのAO付加物のAOとしては、炭素数2〜4のAOが挙げられ、例えばエチレンオキサイド(以下EOと略す)、1,2−プロピレンオキサイド(以下POと略す)及び1,2−ブチレンオキシドが挙げられる。好ましくはEOである。これらの付加モル数は、通常、活性水素1個当り1〜5モルであり、好ましくは1〜2モルである。これらのAO付加物の具体例としては、ジヒドロキシエチルヘキシルアミン、ヒドロキシエチルメチルヘキシルアミンなどが挙げられる。
【0025】
第4級アンモニウムカチオンの具体例としては、トリメチルエチルアンモニウム、トリエチルメチルアンモニウム、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム、トリメチルオクチルアンモニウム、トリブチルオクチルアンモニウム、トリメチルデシルアンモニウム、トリメチルテトラデシルアンモニウム、トリメチルセチルアンモニウムおよびモノメチルトリオクチルアンモニウムなどのアルキル基の炭素数が1〜18のテトラアルキルアンモニウムカチオン;N,N−ジメチルシクロへキシルアンモニウムおよびN,N−ジエチルシクロへキシルアンモニウムなどのシクロアルキル基の炭素数が4〜12およびアルキル基の炭素数が1〜6のシクロアルキルジアルキルアンモニウムカチオン;トリヒドロキシエチルへキシルアンモニウムなどのヒドロキシアルキル基の炭素数が2〜8およびアルキル基の炭素数が1〜6のトリヒドロキシアルキルアルキルアンモニウムカチオンなどが挙げられる。
Mのうち好ましいものは、アルカリ金属、有機アミンカチオンおよび第4級アンモニウムカチオンであり、さらに好ましくは、ナトリウム、カリウム、脂肪族および脂環式アミンもしくはそのAO付加物、並びに第4級アンモニウムカチオンである。
【0026】
本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤の具体例としては、テトラエチレングリコールモノラウリン酸アミドの硫酸化物、トリプロピレングリコールモノラウリン酸アミドのスルホコハク酸エステル、ジエチレングリコールモノラウリン酸アミドのリン酸化物、ジプロピレングリコールモノミリスチン酸アミドの硫酸化物、トリエチレングリコールモノミリスチン酸アミドのカルボキシメチルエーテル化物、テトラエチレングリコールモノパルミチン酸アミドのリン酸化物、ジプロピレングリコールモノステアリン酸アミドの硫酸化物、並びにこれらのアルカリ金属塩(ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩など)、アルカリ土類金属塩(カルシウム、マグネシウム塩など)、アンモニウム、有機アミン塩(トリエタノールアミン塩、トリメチルアミン塩、トリエチルアミン塩など)、および第4級アンモニウム塩(テトラメチルアンモニウム塩、テトラエチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム塩など)が挙げられる。
【0027】
本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤は、下記の(イ)または(ロ)の方法により製造することができる。
【0028】
(イ)下記一般式(2)で示されるアミド形成性化合物と、下記一般式(3)で示され、異なるnを有する成分からなる化合物であって、最も重量%の多い成分のnをnmaxとしたときnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80重量%以上であるポリオキシアルキレンモノアミンとの反応。
R1−CO−Z (2)
[式中、R1は一般式(1)における基と同じであり、Zはヒドロキシル基、OR2またはハロゲン原子を表す。但し、R2は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を表す。]
H2N−(AO)n−H (3)
[式中、A、nは一般式(1)における基と同じ。]
【0029】
(ロ);下記一般式(8)で示されるカルボン酸アミドへのAOの付加。
R1−CO−NH−Q (8)
[式中、Qは水素原子またはR3OHを表す。但し、R3は炭素数2〜5のアルキレン基を表す。]
【0030】
一般式(2)で示されるアミド形成性化合物の具体例としては、一般式(1)におけるR1と同様の炭化水素基を有するカルボン酸、カルボン酸アルキル(アルキル基の炭素数1〜6)エステルおよびカルボン酸ハロゲン化物が挙げられる。これらのうち、製品の臭気、色相などの品質の点から好ましくはZがOR2で示されるカルボン酸アルキルエステルである。
【0031】
アミド形成性化合物の具体例としては、n−オクタン酸、2−エチルヘキサン酸、デカン酸、ラウリン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸などのカルボン酸、これらのカルボン酸のメチルエステル、エチルエステル、n−ブチルエステルなどのカルボン酸エステル、およびこれらのカルボン酸の塩素、臭素もしくは沃素化物などが挙げられる。
【0032】
一般式(3)で示されるポリオキシアルキレンモノアミンは、下記一般式(9)で示されるケチミン化されたアルカノールアミン(アルカノールアミンとケトンとの反応により得られる)にAOを付加した後、ケチミン部分を加水分解することにより得られる。また得られたポリオキシアルキレンモノアミンは、精留等により容易に精製することができる。
【0033】
R4R5C=N−AO−H (9)
[式中、R4、R5は炭素数1〜4の直鎖もしくは分岐のアルキル基を示し、Aは一般式(1)におけるものと同じである。]
【0034】
一般式(9)で表されるケチミン化されたアルカノールアミンに付加されるAOとしては、前記アルキレン基Aに対応するAO、例えばEO、PO、1,2−、2,3−、1,3−および1,4−ブチレンオキシドなどが挙げられる。
【0035】
AOを付加するための触媒としては、従来から公知の触媒が使用できる。例えば、Hammetの酸度関数による酸強度H0が−30.0〜−11.0の酸(d1)及びその金属塩(d2)、;アルカリ触媒(水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物;水酸化マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物)、ルイス酸(AlCl3、SbCl5、BF3、FeCl3等)、およびこれらの併用が挙げられる。好ましいものは、(d1)、(d2)およびアルカリ触媒である。
【0036】
(d1)としては、例えば、H2SO4−SO3(1:0.2モル比)[H0=−13.4]、H2SO4−SO3(1:1モル比)[H0=−14.3]、HClO4[H0=−13.0]、ClSO3H[H0=−13.8]、HF−SbF5(1:0.06モル比)[H0=−14.3]、FSO3H[H0=−15.07]、HF−SbF5(1:0.14モル比)[H0=−15.3]、FSO3H−SO3(1:0.1モル比)[H0=−15.52]、FSO3H−AsF5(1:0.05モル比)[H0=−16.61]、FSO3H−SbF5(1:0.05モル比)[H0=−18.24]、HSO3H−SbF5(1:0.1モル比)[H0=−18.94]、FSO3H−SbF5(1:0.2モル比)[H0=−20.0]等の超強酸が挙げられる。これらの内で、好ましくはH0=−25.0〜−12.5の酸であり、特に好ましくは−20.0〜−13.0の酸である。
【0037】
(d2)としては、(d1)の金属塩であれば特に限定されるものではないが、具体的には、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Zn、Co、Ni、Cu、Al等の塩が挙げらる。好ましくは、2価以上の塩を形成する金属であり、特に好ましくは2価又は3価である。
酸強度H0が−30.0以上であると、水酸基に対するAOの付加反応が起こりやすく、−11.0以下であるとnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80%以上である生成物が得やすくなる。Hammetの酸度関数による酸強度H0については例えば「超強酸・超強塩基」(講談社、1988年6月1日発行)に記載がある。
【0038】
(d1)及び(d2)は、上記の二種以上を併用してもよく、(d1)と(d2)を併用してもよい。
触媒の使用量としては、反応速度と経済性の観点から、AOと前述の一般式(9)のケチミン化されたモノアルカノールアミンの合計100重量部当たり、0.001〜1重量部が好ましい。さらに好ましくは0.003〜0.8重量部、特に好ましくは0.005〜0.5重量部である。
【0039】
AO付加の反応条件としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、前記一般式(9)で示されるケチミン化されたモノアルカノールアミンと触媒を混合して、窒素置換後、−0.8〜5kgf/cm2の圧力下、80〜200℃の温度でAOを投入し、80〜200℃の反応系内の圧力が平衡になるまで反応を行う方法等が挙げられる。
複数の種類のAOを使用する場合の付加形式は、ブロック付加、ランダム付加、およびこれらの組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
【0040】
生成物のケチミン部分を加水分解する条件としては、例えばケチミン化されたモノアルカノールアミンのAO付加物/水のモル比1/1〜1/2の混合物を100〜200℃で加水分解し、脱水、脱ケトンを行う方法が挙げられる。
【0041】
ポリオキシアルキレンモノアミンは、必要により精留して分子量分布をシャープにすることもできる。精留する条件としては、減圧度0.1mmHg〜20mmHg、温度50℃〜250℃などで、これらの留分のうち好ましいものを分取することで得られる。
【0042】
本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤の製造方法のうち、(イ)の方法におけるZがOR2である場合の具体的な製造方法としては、一般式(2)の化合物/一般式(3)の化合物のモル比=1/0.8〜1/2、好ましくは1/0.9〜1/1.5、反応温度50〜250℃で全アミン価の低下が認められなくなるまでR2OHを留去しながら加熱、撹拌する方法が挙げられる。
【0043】
本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤の上記(イ)および(ロ)の製造方法のうち、以下の点で好ましいのは(イ)の方法である。
(a)AOの付加反応におけるの付加モル数の分布が狭くなりやすい。
(b)必要により行ってもよい精留がしやすい[製造法(ロ)による生成物の精留よりも、製造法(イ)のポリオキシアルキレンモノアミンの段階で精留する方が沸点が低いことが多い]。
【0044】
本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤は、例えば一般式(1)におけるXが水素原子であるポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミドに、一般式(4)〜(7)のいずれかで示される基を導入することで得られる。
【0045】
一般式(4)で示される基の導入は、通常のカルボキシアルキル化方法により行うことができる。例えばアルカリ(水酸化ナトリウムなど)の存在下にモノハロゲン化アルキルカルボン酸(アルキル基の炭素数1〜6、好ましくは1;モノクロル酢酸、モノブロム酢酸など)を反応させる方法、ならびにアルカリの存在下にアクリロニトリル又はアクリル酸低級アルキル(炭素数1〜4)エステルをマイケル付加させた後加水分解する方法が挙げられる。
これらの場合、水酸基に対するモノハロゲン化アルキルカルボン酸、アクリロニトリル又はアクリル酸低級アルキルエステルの当量比は通常0.95〜1.5/水酸基である。また反応温度は通常30〜120℃である。
アニオン化度は通常90モル%以上であり、好ましくは95モル%以上である。
【0046】
一般式(5)で示される基の導入は、通常のスルホン化または硫酸化方法、例えばクロロスルホン酸、無水硫酸、スルファミン酸または硫酸を反応させる方法により行うことができる。無水硫酸については、乾燥窒素等で希釈して用いる。いずれの場合も、硫酸化剤のモル比は通常0.95〜1.03/水酸基であり、反応温度は、クロロスルホン酸または無水硫酸の場合は0〜70℃、スルファミン酸または硫酸の場合は50〜150℃である。
結合硫酸量の測定によって求められるアニオン化度は通常90%モル以上であり、好ましくは95モル%以上である。
【0047】
一般式(6)で示される基の導入は、通常のリン酸化方法、例えばリン酸、ポリリン酸、無水リン酸、オキシ塩化リン等のリン酸化剤と反応させる方法により行うことができる。
一例として、無水リン酸との反応は、反応温度30〜150℃で、窒素雰囲気中で行うことができる。
無水リン酸を使用する場合、モノフォスフェートを主成分として得る目的には無水リン酸のモル比は通常0.7〜1.5/水酸基である。
生成物の酸価の測定によって求められるアニオン化度は通常90モル%以上であり、好ましくは95モル%以上である。
【0048】
一般式(7)で示される基の導入は、通常のスルホコハク酸エステル化方法(マレイン化しスルホン化する方法)、例えば無水マレイン酸とアルコールを無触媒で非水系で反応させ、アルコール末端がマレイン酸ハーフエステルの化合物を製造し、さらに、亜硫酸塩または酸性亜流酸塩を反応させる方法により行うことができる。ハーフエステル化反応の温度は通常40〜150℃であり、無水マレイン酸のモル比は0.9〜1.1/水酸基である。スルホン化の温度は40〜100℃であり、亜硫酸塩または酸性亜硫酸塩の当量比は0.9〜1.5/水酸基である。
結合硫酸量の測定によって求められるアニオン化度は通常90モル%以上であり、好ましくは95モル%以上である。
【0049】
本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤は、本発明以外のポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミドをアニオン化した後、その反応生成物を精留、抽出及び再結晶等の精製方法により精製するという方法で得ることもできる。好ましい製造方法は、アニオン化する原料として本発明のポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミドを使用する方法、すなわち、一般式(1)において最も重量%の多い成分のnをnmaxとしたときnmax±1の範囲内の成分の合計が80重量%以上であるポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルアミドを上記方法でアニオン化する方法である。
【0050】
本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤および/またはアニオン性界面活性剤をその用途、例えば洗浄剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、分散剤、可溶化剤、浸透剤または湿潤剤などに適用する際には、本発明以外のアニオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤および/または両性界面活性剤を併用してもよい。これらの界面活性剤としては、米国特許第4331447号明細書に記載のものが使用できる。
【0051】
本発明以外のアニオン性界面活性剤としては、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有するエーテルカルボン酸またはその塩[(ポリ)オキシエチレン(重合度=1〜100)ラウリルエーテル酢酸ナトリウム等]、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有する硫酸エステルもしくはエーテル硫酸エステルまたはそれらの塩[ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、(ポリ)オキシエチレン(重合度=1〜100)ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、(ポリ)オキシエチレン(重合度=1〜100)ラウリル硫酸トリエタノールアミンなど]、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有するスルホン酸塩[ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム等]、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を1個もしくは2個有するスルホコハク酸塩、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有するリン酸エステルもしくはエーテルリン酸エステルまたはそれらの塩[ラウリルリン酸ナトリウム、(ポリ)オキシエチレン(重合度=1〜100)ラウリルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム等]、炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有する脂肪酸塩[ラウリン酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸トリエタノールアミン等]および炭素数8〜24の炭化水素基を有するアシル化アミノ酸塩[ヤシ油脂肪酸メチルタウリンナトリウム、ヤシ油脂肪酸ザルコシンナトリウム、ヤシ油脂肪酸ザルコシントリエタノールアミン、N−ヤシ油脂肪酸アシル−L−グルタミン酸トリエタノールアミン、N−ヤシ油脂肪酸アシル−L−グルタミン酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルメチル−β−アラニンナトリウム等]、並びに国際特許公開WO00/18857号明細書記載のアニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。
【0052】
本発明以外のノニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、脂肪族1価アルコール(炭素数8〜24)AO(炭素数2〜8)付加物(重合度=1〜100)、多価(2価〜10価またはそれ以上)アルコール脂肪酸(炭素数8〜24)エステル[モノステアリン酸グリセリン、モノラウリン酸ソルビタン等]、脂肪酸(炭素数8〜24)アルカノールアミド[1:1型ヤシ油脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド、1:1型ラウリン酸ジエタノールアミド等]、ポリオキシアルキレン(炭素数2〜8、重合度=2〜100)アルキル(炭素数1〜22)フェニルエーテル、(ポリ)オキシアルキレン(炭素数2〜8、重合度=1〜100)アルキル(炭素数8〜24)アミンおよびアルキル(炭素数8〜24)ジアルキル(炭素数1〜6)アミンオキシド[ラウリルジメチルアミンオキシド等]、並びに国際特許公開公報WO00/18857号明細書記載のノニオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。
【0053】
カチオン性界面活性剤としては、第4級アンモニウム塩型[塩化ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ベヘニルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウム、エチル硫酸ラノリン脂肪酸アミノプロピルエチルジメチルアンモニウム等]、アミン塩型[ステアリン酸ジエチルアミノエチルアミド乳酸塩、ジラウリルアミン塩酸塩、オレイルアミン乳酸塩等]等が挙げられる。
【0054】
両性界面活性剤としては、ベタイン型両性界面活性剤[ヤシ油脂肪酸アミドプロピルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ラウリルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、2−アルキル−N−カルボキシメチル−N−ヒドロキシエチルイミダゾリニウムベタイン、ラウリルヒドロキシスルホベタイン、ラウロイルアミドエチルヒドロキシエチルカルボキシメチルベタインヒドロキシプロピルリン酸ナトリウム等]、アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤[β−ラウリルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム等]が挙げられる。
【0055】
本発明の洗浄剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、分散剤、可溶化剤、浸透剤または湿潤剤などにおける全界面活性剤合計中のアニオン性界面活性剤の含量、ノニオン性界面活性剤の含量、カチオン性界面活性剤および/または両性界面活性剤の含量は、特に限定されないが、好ましくはそれぞれ3〜80重量%(以下において特に断りのない限り%は重量%を表す)/0〜60%/0〜50%である。また、全界面活性剤合計中の本発明のアニオン界面活性剤の含量は好ましくは10〜100%、さらに好ましくは15〜100%である。
また、本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤と本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤の合計中のアニオン性界面活性剤の含量は、好ましくは30〜100%、さらに好ましくは40〜100%である。
また、アニオン性界面活性剤合計中の本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤の含量は、好ましくは30〜100%、さらに好ましくは40〜100%である。
【0056】
本発明の洗浄剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、分散剤、可溶化剤、浸透剤または湿潤剤などには、必要に応じて公知の補助成分を配合することができる。このような成分としては、ビルダー(ゼオライト、炭酸ソーダ、硫酸ソーダ、トリポリリン酸ソーダ、ポリカルボン酸塩等)、保湿剤(グリセリン、ピロリドンカルボン酸ナトリウム等)、防腐剤[パラ安息香酸アルキル(炭素数1〜5)エステル、安息香酸、デヒドロ酢酸等]、酸化防止剤(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール、トリフェニルホスファイト、オクチル化ジフェニルアミン等)、紫外線吸収剤[2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン等]、キレート剤(エチレンジアミン四酢酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム等)、殺菌剤(塩化ベンザルコニウム等)、pH調整剤(モノおよびジエタノールアミン、苛性ソーダ、乳酸、クエン酸等)、色素(食添青色1号、食添赤色2号、食添黄色4号等)、香料(リモネン、フェニルエチルアルコール、ヘキシルシンナミックアルデヒド等)、酵素(プロテアーゼ、セルラーゼ等)、蛍光増白剤および漂白剤(亜塩素酸ソーダ等)等が挙げられる。
該補助成分の量は特に限定されないが、洗浄剤の場合、酵素、ビルダー、キレート剤、蛍光増白剤および漂白剤については、本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤の100重量部に対してそれぞれ0.01〜800重量部が好ましい。また、保湿剤、防腐剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、殺菌剤、pH調整剤、色素、香料については、本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤の100重量部に対してそれぞれ0.0001〜500重量部が好ましい。
【0057】
本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤は、家庭用洗浄剤(衣料用洗剤、頭髪用洗浄剤、食器用洗剤など)、工業用洗浄剤(金属、精密部品等の洗浄剤など)、乳化剤(乳化重合用乳化剤、農薬乳剤用乳化剤、金属加工用乳化剤、化粧品用乳化剤、水系塗料用乳化剤など)、分散剤(顔料や脂肪酸金属塩などの紙用薬剤の分散剤、農薬粒剤用分散剤、懸濁重合用分散剤など)、可溶化剤(香料用可溶化剤など)、起泡剤、浸透剤、湿潤剤、増粘剤および増泡剤などに有用である。
【0058】
本発明のアニオン界面活性剤および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤が家庭用洗浄剤の衣料用洗剤またはシャンプーに使用される場合の配合処方としては、例えば、下記の例が挙げられる。
【0059】
【0060】
<シャンプーの配合例(重量%)>
本発明のアニオン界面活性剤
および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤 :3〜20%
併用されるアニオン界面活性剤 :0.7〜20%
併用されるノニオン界面活性剤 :0〜10%
保湿剤(グリセリンなど) :0.1〜0.8%
増粘剤(ヤシ油ジエタノールアミドなど):0.5〜10%
キレート剤 :適量
香料 :適量
防腐剤 :適量
水分 :60〜92%
【0061】
本発明のアニオン界面活性剤および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤が乳化重合用乳化剤に使用される場合、乳化重合の対象となる単量体としては、下記の公知のビニル系モノマーが挙げられる。
【0062】
ビニル系炭化水素:脂肪族ビニル系炭化水素[アルケン類、例えばブテン、イソブチレン、ペンテン、ヘプテン、ジイソブチレン、オクテン、ドデセン等;アルカジエン類、例えばブタジエン、イソプレン、1,4−ペンタジエン、1,6−ヘキサジエン、1,7−オクタジエン等]、脂環式ビニル系炭化水素[(ジ)シクロペンタジエン、ビニルシクロヘキセン等]、芳香族ビニル系炭化水素[スチレン類、例えばスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン等]、
【0063】
炭素数1〜50のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート[メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ドデシル(メタ)アクリレート等]、
【0064】
カルボキシル基含有ビニル系モノマー及びその塩:
炭素数3〜30の不飽和モノカルボン酸、不飽和ジカルボン酸およびそのモノアルキル(炭素数1〜24)エステル[例えば(メタ)アクリル酸、(無水)マレイン酸、マレイン酸モノアルキルエステル、イタコン酸など]、
塩としては、例えばアルカリ金属塩(ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等)、アルカリ土類金属塩(カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等)、アンモニウム塩、アミン塩もしくは4級アンモニウム塩が挙げられる。
【0065】
その他のモノマーとしては、スルホン基含有ビニル系モノマー、ヒドロキシル基含有ビニル系モノマー、含窒素ビニル系モノマー、第4級アンモニウムカチオン基含有ビニル系モノマー、ニトロ基含有ビニル系モノマー、エポキシ基含有ビニル系モノマー、ハロゲン元素含有ビニル系モノマー、ビニルエステル、ビニル(チオ)エーテル、ビニルケトン、ビニルスルホンなどが挙げられる。
【0066】
本発明のアニオン界面活性剤および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤を使用する乳化重合の方法は、特に限定されず、重合開始剤および連鎖移動剤などは従来公知のものが使用でき、モノマー濃度および乳化剤の使用例は、例えば以下のものが挙げられる。
また、本発明のアニオン界面活性剤および/またはノニオン性界面活性剤は上記水系乳化重合に限定されず、W/O型懸濁重合、非水系懸濁重合の懸濁安定剤としても使用できる。
【0067】
【実施例】
以下、製造例および実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。特に記載のない限り、部は重量部、%は重量%を示す。
【0068】
<ノニオン性界面活性剤の製造例>
製造例1
撹拌、温度調節機能、懸垂管および冷却管のついた減圧可能なガラス製反応容器に、モノエタノールアミン122部(2モル)とメチルイソブチルケトン300部(3モル)を仕込み、密閉下、100〜120℃で水の留出が止まるまで還流脱水した後、減圧下、未反応のメチルイソブチルケトンと留出した水を除去した。
本反応物286部(2モル)を撹拌および温度調節機能のついたステンレス製オートクレーブに移し、過塩素酸アルミニウム9水塩0.08部を投入し、混合系内を窒素で置換した後、減圧下(20mmHg)、120℃にて1時間脱水を行った。次いでEO88部(2モル)を110℃にて、ゲージ圧が1〜3kgf/cm2となるように導入した。ゲージ圧の低下がなくなるまで熟成反応を行い、その後、触媒を吸着処理により除去したものを撹拌および温度調節機能のついた減圧可能なガラス製反応容器に移した。水54部(3モル)を投入し120℃で撹拌、加水分解し、水と生成したメチルイソブチルケトンを留去してポリオキシエチレンモノアミンを得た。n2±1の範囲内の成分の合計は83%であった(各n成分の重量割合の測定は上記測定条件▲1▼と同じ)。
撹拌および温度調節機能のついた減圧可能なガラス製反応容器に、ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部(1モル)と上記の反応で得られたポリオキシエチレン(nmax=2)モノアミン116部を仕込み、窒素気流下150〜160℃でメタノールを留去しながら全アミン価の低下が認められなくなるまで反応を行い、次いで減圧下170〜180℃で、残存しているポリオキシエチレン(nmax=2)モノアミンを留去して、ノニオン性界面活性剤(A1)を得た。
【0069】
製造例2
製造例1で得られたポリオキシエチレンモノアミンを減圧下(10mmHg)、精留を行ったところ、n2±1の範囲内の成分の合計が97%となる留分が90〜110℃で留出した(各n成分の重量割合の測定は上記測定条件▲1▼と同じ)。該留分を用いる以外は製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(A2)を得た。
【0070】
製造例3
過塩素酸アルミニウム9水塩に代えて水酸化カリウム、EO88部に代えて176部(4モル)を使用した以外は製造例1と同様にしてポリオキシエチレンモノアミンを得た。減圧下(10mmHg)、精留を行ったところ、n3±1の範囲内の成分の合計が95%となる留分が120〜140℃で留出した(各n成分の重量割合の測定は上記測定条件▲1▼と同じ)。さらに、ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部に代えてミリスチン酸メチルエステル242部、ポリオキシエチレン(nmax=2)モノアミン116部に代えてポリオキシエチレン(nmax=3)モノアミン164部を用い、残存しているポリオキシエチレン(nmax=3)モノアミンの留去温度を190〜200℃とした以外は製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(A3)を得た。
【0071】
製造例4
EO88部に代えて264部(6モル)を使用した以外は製造例1と同様にしてポリオキシエチレンモノアミンを得た。減圧下(10mmHg)、精留を行ったところ、n4±1の範囲内の成分の合計が96%となる留分が160〜180℃で留出した(各n成分の重量割合の測定は上記測定条件▲1▼と同じ)。さらに、ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部に代えてイソステアリン酸メチルエステル298部、ポリオキシエチレン(nmax=2)モノアミン116部に代えてポリオキシエチレン(nmax=4)モノアミン212部を用い、残存しているポリオキシエチレン(nmax=4)モノアミンの留去温度を210〜230℃とした以外は製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(A4)を得た。
【0072】
製造例5
モノエタノールアミン122部に代えて2−ヒドロキシルプロピルアミン150部(2モル)、EO88部に代えてPO116部(2モル)を使用した以外は製造例1と同様にしてポリオキシプロピレンモノアミンを得た。減圧下(10mmHg)、精留を行ったところ、n2±1の範囲内の成分の合計が98%となる留分が110〜130℃で留出した(各n成分の重量割合の測定は上記測定条件▲1▼と同じ)。さらに、ポリオキシエチレン(nmax=2)モノアミン116部に代えて上記のポリオキシプロピレン(nmax=2)モノアミン146部を用い、残存しているポリオキシプロピレン(nmax=2)モノアミンの留去温度を210〜230℃とした以外は製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(A5)を得た。
【0073】
比較製造例1
製造例1と同様のガラス容器に、ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部(1モル)、モノエタノールアミン67部(1.1モル)を仕込み、窒素気流下150〜160℃でメタノールを留去しながら全アミン価の低下が認められなくなるまで反応を行い、次いで減圧下130〜140℃で残存しているモノエタノールアミンを留去した。
この反応物を撹拌および温度調節機能の付いたステンレス製オートクレーブに移し、水酸化ナトリウム0.3部を仕込み、混合系内を窒素で置換した後、EO44部(1モル)を150℃にてゲージ圧が1〜3kgf/cm2となるように導入して付加重合を行い、ノニオン性界面活性剤(C1)を得た。
【0074】
比較製造例2
ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部に代えてミリスチン酸メチルエステル242部(1モル)、EO44部(1モル)に代えて88部(2モル)を用いた以外は比較製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(C2)を得た。
【0075】
比較製造例3
ラウリン酸メチルエステル214部に代えてイソステアリン酸メチルエステル298部(1モル)、EO44部(1モル)に代えて132部(3モル)を用いた以外は比較製造例1と同様にしてノニオン性界面活性剤(C3)を得た。
【0076】
なお、ノニオン性界面活性剤の有効成分はいずれも100%であった。
【0077】
<アニオン性界面活性剤の製造例>
製造例a
撹拌、温度調節機能および滴下ロートの付いたガラス製容器に、製造例1で得られたノニオン性界面活性剤(A1)287部(1モル)を仕込み、窒素気流下、温度を20℃に保ちながら、クロルスルホン酸120部(1.03モル)を滴下した。同温度で2時間脱塩酸を行った後、水酸化ナトリウム41.2部(1.03モル)を水890部に溶解した水溶液で硫酸化物を中和して、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(B1)を得た。
【0078】
製造例b
ノニオン性界面活性剤として製造例2で得られた(A2)を使用する以外は製造例aと同様にして有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(B2)を得た。
【0079】
製造例c
撹拌、温度調節機能および冷却管の付いたガラス製容器に、製造例3で得られたノニオン性界面活性剤(A3)359部(1モル)、モノクロル酢酸ナトリウム128部(1.1モル)、トルエン300部を仕込み、温度を50℃に保ちながら、減圧度を75mmHgとした。その後減圧脱水しながら顆粒状の水酸化ナトリウム50部(1.25モル)を2時間かけて仕込み、6時間反応を行った。
その後、水330部を加え、塩酸で酸性にして、静置、分液後、脱トルエンし、水酸化ナトリウム40部(1モル)を水1010部に溶解した液を加えて、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(B3)を得た。
【0080】
製造例d
撹拌、温度調節機能および冷却管の付いたガラス製容器に、製造例4で得られたノニオン性界面活性剤(A4)459部(1モル)、無水マレイン酸108部(1.1モル)を仕込み、65℃で8時間反応後、亜硫酸ナトリウム151部(1.2モル)を水1590部に溶解したものを60℃で加え、5時間反応してスルホン化物を得た。その後、クエン酸でpHを6.5にし、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(B4)を得た。
【0081】
製造例e
ノニオン性界面活性剤(A1)287部に代えてノニオン性界面活性剤(A5)315部、水930部に代えて水960部を用いた以外は製造例aと同様にして、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(B5)を得た。
【0082】
比較製造例a
ノニオン性界面活性剤(A1)に代えてノニオン性界面活性剤(C1)を用いた以外は製造例aと同様にして、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(D1)を得た。
【0083】
比較製造例b
ノニオン性界面活性剤(A3)に代えてノニオン性界面活性剤(C2)を用いた以外は製造例cと同様にして、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(D2)を得た。
【0084】
比較製造例c
ノニオン性界面活性剤(A4)に代えてノニオン性界面活性剤(C3)を用いた以外は製造例dと同様にして、有効成分30%のアニオン性界面活性剤(D3)を得た。
【0085】
ノニオン性界面活性剤A1〜A5およびC1〜C3、アニオン性界面活性剤B1〜B5およびD1〜D3の各n成分の重量割合の測定結果等を表1に示す。
【0086】
【表1】
【0087】
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜3
<泡安定性試験>
<試験法>
ノニオン性界面活性剤A1〜A5およびC1〜C3、ヒマシ油および本発明以外のアニオン性界面活性剤を以下の有効成分割合で調製し試料溶液とした。以下の条件で試料溶液を家庭用ミキサーで2,000rpmで撹拌後静置し、30分後の泡安定度を比較した。
試料溶液;
ノニオン性界面活性剤A1〜A5またはC1〜C3: 0.025%
ポリオキシエチレン(n=2)ラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム:0.075%
ヒマシ油: 0.05%
水: 残量
液量: 1000mL
液温: 30℃
撹拌時間: 30秒
<評価法>
撹拌停止直後の泡高さをacm、撹拌停止後30分経過時点での泡高さをbcmとし、下式により泡安定度を算出した。
泡安定度(%)=(a−b)/a×100
評価結果を表2に示す。
【0088】
【表2】
【0089】
実施例6〜10及び比較例4〜6
<増粘性および低温安定性評価>
<評価法>
ノニオン性界面活性剤A1〜A5およびC1〜C3およびアニオン性界面活性剤を以下の有効成分割合で調製し試料溶液とした。以下の条件での試料溶液の粘度を測定するとともに5℃での外観を観察した。
<粘度測定条件>
測定器:B型回転粘度計
試料溶液;
ポリオキシエチレン(n=2)ラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム:14%
ノニオン性界面活性剤A1〜A5およびC1〜C3: 6%
水: 残量
液量: 200mL
液温: 25℃
<増粘性評価基準>
上記配合溶液の粘度(単位;mPa・s)を実測した。
<低温安定性評価基準>
5℃で静置し、外観が濁り始めるまでの期間を観察する。
◎:3ヶ月以上
○:1ヶ月以上3ヶ月未満
△:1週間以上1ヶ月未満
×:1週間未満
増粘性および低温安定性の評価結果を表3に示す。
【0090】
【表3】
【0091】
実施例11〜15および比較例7〜9
<洗浄力試験>
<試験法>
アニオン性界面活性剤B1〜B5及びD1〜D3の有効成分0.03%の各水溶液を調製し、試料溶液とした。
JIS湿式人工汚染布を7枚及びJIS L0803規定する試験布(110mm×100mm)を10枚用意し、試験布のうち7枚にそれぞれ人工汚染布をホッチキスで止めた。こうして作成した試験布10枚を使用し、以下の条件で洗浄力試験を行った。
試験後、洗浄後の人工汚染布を風乾した。<評価法>
洗浄後の人工汚染布、未洗浄の人工汚染布及び清浄布の反射率(540nm)を測定し、下式により洗浄力を算出した。
洗浄力(%)={(Rw−Rs)/(RI−Rs)}×100
RI:清浄布の反射率
Rw:洗浄後の人工汚染布の反射率
Rs:未洗浄の人工汚染布の反射率
反射率の測定には多光源分光測色計(スガ試験機製)を使用した。
評価結果を表4に示す。
【0092】
【表4】
【0093】
実施例16〜20及び比較例10〜12
アニオン性界面活性剤B1〜B4およびD1〜D3、並びにノニオン性界面活性剤(A1)〜(A5)および(C1)〜(C3)を、表5に記載の配合処方(有効成分表示)で頭髪用洗浄剤(シャンプー)として調製し、使用性の評価を行った。
<評価法>
男女各10名のパネラーに使用時の「泡立」、「泡質」、「風合い」について、以下の5段階基準で判定し、その合計点を以て評価した。
評価結果を表6に示す。
<評価基準>
「泡立ち」;
非常によく泡立つ 5点
かなり泡立つ 4点
普通に泡立つ 3点
泡立ち少ない 2点
ほとんど泡立たない 1点
「泡質」;
微細なクリーミーな泡 5点
やや細かい泡 4点
普通の大きさの泡 3点
やや荒い泡 2点
非常に荒い泡 1点
「風合い」
指通りが非常に滑らか 5点
指通りがかなり滑らか 4点
普通の指通り 3点
指通りがやや重い 2点
指通りが悪く、ひっかかる 1点
【0094】
【表5】
【0095】
【表6】
【0096】
【発明の効果】
本発明のノニオン性界面活性剤およびアニオン性界面活性剤はは、洗浄剤組成物に配合された場合に経日安定性が高く、低温でも外観がかすむことがない。また優れた洗浄性、配合性、起泡力、使用性、増粘性および泡安定性等を示すため、家庭用洗浄剤(衣料用洗剤、頭髪用洗浄剤、食器用洗剤など)および工業用洗浄剤(金属、精密部品等の洗浄剤など)など広範囲の洗浄剤として好適である。また、乳化性、分散性、浸透性、湿潤性などにも優れているので、乳化剤(乳化重合用乳化剤、金属加工用乳化剤、農薬乳剤用乳化剤、化粧品用乳化剤、食品用乳化剤および水系塗料用乳化剤など)、分散剤(顔料や脂肪酸金属塩などの紙用薬剤の分散剤、農薬粒剤用分散剤、懸濁重合用分散剤など)、可溶化剤(香料用可溶化剤など)、浸透剤および湿潤剤などにも有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surfactant. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide type nonionic surfactant and an anionized product thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide type nonionic surfactants have been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-082896, etc.), and this type of nonionic surfactant includes various anionic surfactants and the like. It is known that it exhibits a thickening action on. Further, as anionized products of these nonionic surfactants, alkylamide ether sulfate ester salts (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-339596), alkylamide sulfosuccinic acid ester salts (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-75722), alkylamide ether carboxylic acids Salts (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-189786) have been proposed, and these anionic surfactants are used as components such as shampoos, dishwashing detergents, metal detergents, and polymerization emulsifiers.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when these polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide type nonionic surfactants are blended into the detergent composition, the stability of the product over time such as the appearance of the product becoming hazy, the insufficient viscosity increase, etc. The problem was left. In addition, anionic surfactants obtained by anionizing these, when blended in a detergent composition, stability over time such as the appearance of the product fading when stored for a long time at low temperature, and foaming, and Problems remain, such as inadequate detergency and strong skin irritation to the human body.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide type nonionic surfactant having a narrow molecular weight distribution of the polyoxyalkylene glycol moiety and an anionized product thereof are excellently increased. It has been found that it exhibits viscosity, compoundability, foaming power, detergency, low temperature stability and hard water resistance, and has reached the present invention.
[0005]
That is, the present invention is a surfactant composed of components represented by the following general formula (1) and having different n, and n of the component having the largest weight percentage is represented by n. max N max ± 1 Nonionic or anionic surfactant having a total of components in the range of 80% by weight or more, and detergents, thickeners, emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, penetrants containing these surfactants And a wetting agent.
R 1 -CONH- (AO) n -X (1)
[Wherein R 1 Is a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a hydrogen atom or an anionic group, A is one or more alkylene groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 or more having an average of 1.5 to 20 Represents. ]
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The surfactant in the present invention is represented by the general formula (1), in which n represents the number of moles of (AO), and the average is 1.5 to 20, preferably 1.5 to 10, and more preferably 1. It is an integer of 1 or more (preferably 1 to 20) that is 5 to 5.
In the surfactant of the present invention, n of the component having the largest weight percent among these n is n. max N max ± 1 The total of the components within the range is required to be 80% by weight or more, and preferably 90% by weight or more. When the amount is less than 80% by weight, the stability over time and the cleaning property at a low concentration are deteriorated.
[0007]
The weight% of each component of n is measured by the following high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography method.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a surfactant composed of components represented by the following general formula (1) and having different n, and n of the component having the largest weight percentage is represented by n. max N max ± 1 Nonionic or anionic surfactant having a total of components in the range of 80% by weight or more, and detergents, thickeners, emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, penetrants containing these surfactants And a wetting agent.
R 1 -CONH- (AO) n-X (1)
[Wherein R 1 Is a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a hydrogen atom or an anionic group, A is 2 carbon atoms Ethylene The group n represents an integer of 1 or more with an average of 1.5 to 20. ]
[0009]
In the case of anionic surfactants;
When the anionic group is a sulfonic acid group, a sulfate ester group, a phosphate ester group or a salt thereof:
Measured with high performance liquid chromatography under the following conditions.
When the anionic group is a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof:
The sample and excess methanol were esterified using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. After neutralization, the petroleum ether extract was measured by gas chromatography under the following conditions.
<Measurement conditions (3)>
Model: GC-14A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
Column: DIASOLID ZT (80-100 mesh)
Detector: FID
Temperature: 100 → 320 ° C (10 ° C / min)
Carrier gas: N 2 40 mL / min
Measurement time: 30 minutes
[0010]
R in the general formula (1) 1 Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms include linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkadienyl groups, etc.), and substituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups (substituted aryl groups, substituted arylalkyls). Groups) or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups (unsubstituted aryl groups, unsubstituted arylalkyl groups, etc.), and specifically include the following groups.
[0011]
An aliphatic hydrocarbon group;
Alkyl groups [n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n- and i-nonyl, n- and i-decyl, 2-ethyloctyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl and nonadecyl groups], alkenyl groups [octenyl, Decenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, pentadecenyl, oleyl and gadoleyl groups], alkadienyl groups [linoleyl groups],
[0012]
Substituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups;
Substituted aryl groups [such as nonylphenyl, octylphenyl and tert-butylphenyl groups], substituted arylalkyl groups [such as ethylbenzyl, n- and i-propylbenzyl, n- and i-hexylbenzyl, and n-octylbenzyl groups] Alkyl-substituted arylalkyl groups, and aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted arylalkyl groups such as styrenated benzyl groups],
[0013]
Unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups;
Unsubstituted aryl groups [such as phenyl and naphthyl groups], unsubstituted arylalkyl groups [such as benzyl and phenylethyl groups].
[0014]
R 1 May be a mixture of two or more groups such as linear and branched. R 1 Preferably has 9 to 21 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms is less than 7, sufficient foaming power and detergency cannot be obtained. If the number of carbon atoms exceeds 24, the solubility is significantly lowered.
[0015]
A is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylene group include ethylene, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4- and 2,3-butylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1 , 4-, 1,5-, 2,3- and 2,4-pentene groups, and combinations of two or more thereof. Among these, an ethylene group and a 1,2-propylene group are preferable, and when A is 2 or more, a block shape, a random shape, or a combination of both may be used. A together with the oxygen atom O forms an oxyalkylene group -AO-.
[0016]
n corresponds to the added mole number of the oxyalkylene group -AO-, n is 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 20, and the average of n is 1.5 to 20, preferably 1.5 to 10, and Preferably it is an integer of 1.5-5. When the average of n is 5 or less, sufficient foaming power and cleaning power can be easily obtained.
[0017]
Specific examples of the nonionic surfactant when X is a hydrogen atom include diethylene glycol monolauric acid amide, tetrapropylene glycol monolauric acid amide, triethylene glycol monomyristic acid amide, dipropylene glycol monomyristic acid amide, and pentaethylene glycol monomonic acid. Examples include palmitic acid amide and dipropylene glycol monostearic acid amide.
[0018]
When X is an anionic group, the general formula (1) represents an anionic surfactant, and examples of X include a group containing a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfuric acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and the like. Of these, groups represented by the following general formulas (4) to (7) are preferable.
[0019]
-(CH 2 ) p CH 2 COOM 1 / r (4)
-(CH 2 ) p SO Three M 1 / r (5)
[0020]
[Chemical 3]
[0021]
[Formula 4]
[0022]
In the formula, p is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, p in the general formula (4) is preferably 0 or 1, and p in the general formula (5) is preferably 0 or 2. One of L is SO Three M 1 / r And the other is a hydrogen atom. M represents a hydrogen atom or an r-valent cation, and r is 1 or 2, preferably 1.
[0023]
Examples of the r-valent cation represented by M in the general formulas (4) to (7) include alkali metals (for example, sodium, potassium, lithium), alkaline earth metals (for example, calcium, magnesium, barium), organic amine cations and A quaternary ammonium cation is mentioned.
[0024]
Examples of the organic amine constituting the organic amine cation include aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, heterocyclic amines, alkanol amines, and alkylene oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as AO) adducts.
As aliphatic amines, alkyl groups such as methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, methylhexylamine, dimethylhexylamine, dimethyloctylamine, dimethyllaurylamine and dimethylcetylamine have 1 carbon atom. -18 mono-, di- and tri-alkylamines.
Examples of the alicyclic amine include cycloalkylamine having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group such as cyclobutylamine, cyclohexylamine, cyclopentylamine, cyclooctylamine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, and N-ethylcyclohexylamine, and the like. An alkyl (C1-C6) substitution product is mentioned.
Examples of the heterocyclic amine include heterocyclic amines having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as morpholine, and examples of the alkanolamine include those having a hydroxyalkyl group such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Mono-, di- and tri-hydroxyalkylamines are mentioned.
Examples of these AO adducts include AO having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethylene oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as EO), 1,2-propylene oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as PO), and 1,2-butylene oxide. Is mentioned. EO is preferred. These added moles are usually 1 to 5 moles, preferably 1 to 2 moles per active hydrogen. Specific examples of these AO adducts include dihydroxyethylhexylamine and hydroxyethylmethylhexylamine.
[0025]
Specific examples of the quaternary ammonium cation include trimethylethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, trimethylhexylammonium, trimethyloctylammonium, tributyloctylammonium, trimethyldecylammonium, trimethyltetradecylammonium, trimethylcetylammonium and monomethyltrioctylammonium. A tetraalkylammonium cation having 1 to 18 carbon atoms of the alkyl group; a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkyl group such as N, N-dimethylcyclohexylammonium and N, N-diethylcyclohexylammonium C1-C6 cycloalkyldialkylammonium cation; hydride such as trihydroxyethylhexylammonium Carbon number of 2 to 8 and an alkyl group carbon number of Kishiarukiru group and 1 to 6 trihydroxy alkyl alkylammonium cation.
Preferred among M are alkali metals, organic amine cations and quaternary ammonium cations, more preferably sodium, potassium, aliphatic and alicyclic amines or AO adducts thereof, and quaternary ammonium cations. is there.
[0026]
Specific examples of the anionic surfactant of the present invention include tetraethylene glycol monolaurate sulfate, tripropylene glycol monolaurate sulfosuccinate, diethylene glycol monolaurate phosphate, dipropylene glycol monomyristic acid. Amide sulfate, Triethylene glycol monomyristate carboxymethyl ether, Tetraethylene glycol monopalmitate phosphate, Dipropylene glycol monostearate sulfate, and alkali metal salts (sodium salts) , Potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium, magnesium salts, etc.), ammonium, organic amine salts (triethanolamine salts, trimethylamine salts, Etc. butylamine salt), and quaternary ammonium salts (tetramethylammonium salt, tetraethylammonium salt, such as benzyltrimethylammonium salts).
[0027]
The nonionic surfactant of the present invention can be produced by the following method (a) or (b).
[0028]
(A) A compound comprising an amide-forming compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a component represented by the following general formula (3) and having different n, wherein n of the component having the largest weight percentage is n max N max ± 1 Reaction with a polyoxyalkylene monoamine in which the sum of the components in the range is 80% by weight or more.
R 1 -CO-Z (2)
[Wherein R 1 Is the same as the group in the general formula (1), Z is a hydroxyl group, OR 2 Or represents a halogen atom. However, R 2 Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ]
H 2 N- (AO) n -H (3)
[Wherein, A and n are the same as those in the general formula (1). ]
[0029]
(B) Addition of AO to the carboxylic acid amide represented by the following general formula (8).
R 1 -CO-NH-Q (8)
[Wherein Q is a hydrogen atom or R Three Represents OH. However, R Three Represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. ]
[0030]
Specific examples of the amide-forming compound represented by the general formula (2) include R in the general formula (1). 1 And carboxylic acid having the same hydrocarbon group, alkyl carboxylic acid (alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) ester, and carboxylic acid halide. Of these, Z is preferably OR from the standpoint of product quality such as odor and hue. 2 It is a carboxylic acid alkyl ester represented by
[0031]
Specific examples of the amide-forming compound include carboxylic acids such as n-octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, and methyl esters and ethyl esters of these carboxylic acids. , Carboxylic acid esters such as n-butyl ester, and chlorine, bromine or iodide of these carboxylic acids.
[0032]
The polyoxyalkylene monoamine represented by the general formula (3) is obtained by adding AO to a ketiminated alkanolamine (obtained by reaction of an alkanolamine and a ketone) represented by the following general formula (9), followed by a ketimine moiety. Is obtained by hydrolyzing. The obtained polyoxyalkylene monoamine can be easily purified by rectification or the like.
[0033]
R Four R Five C = N-AO-H (9)
[Wherein R Four , R Five Represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A is the same as that in the general formula (1). ]
[0034]
As AO added to the ketiminated alkanolamine represented by the general formula (9), AO corresponding to the alkylene group A, for example, EO, PO, 1,2-, 2,3-, 1,3 -And 1,4-butylene oxide.
[0035]
As the catalyst for adding AO, conventionally known catalysts can be used. For example, acid strength H by Hammett acidity function 0 An acid (d1) having a -30.0 to -11.0 and a metal salt (d2) thereof; an alkali catalyst (an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; an alkaline earth such as magnesium hydroxide) Metal hydroxides), Lewis acids (AlCl Three , SbCl Five , BF Three , FeCl Three Etc.), and combinations thereof. Preference is given to (d1), (d2) and alkali catalysts.
[0036]
As (d1), for example, H 2 SO Four -SO Three (1: 0.2 molar ratio) [H 0 = -13.4], H 2 SO Four -SO Three (1: 1 molar ratio) [H 0 = -14.3], HCl Four [H 0 = -13.0], ClSO Three H [H 0 = -13.8], HF-SbF Five (1: 0.06 molar ratio) [H 0 = -14.3], FSO Three H [H 0 = -15.07], HF-SbF Five (1: 0.14 molar ratio) [H 0 = -15.3], FSO Three H-SO Three (1: 0.1 molar ratio) [H 0 = -15.52], FSO Three H-AsF Five (1: 0.05 molar ratio) [H 0 = -16.61], FSO Three H-SbF Five (1: 0.05 molar ratio) [H 0 = −18.24], HSO Three H-SbF Five (1: 0.1 molar ratio) [H 0 = -18.94], FSO Three H-SbF Five (1: 0.2 molar ratio) [H 0 Super strong acids such as = -20.0]. Of these, preferably H 0 = -25.0 to -12.5 acid, particularly preferably -20.0 to -13.0 acid.
[0037]
(D2) is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal salt of (d1). Specifically, salts of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, etc. may be used. To mention. A metal that forms a divalent or higher salt is preferable, and a divalent or trivalent metal is particularly preferable.
Acid strength H 0 Is -30.0 or more, the addition reaction of AO to the hydroxyl group easily occurs, and if it is -11.0 or less, n max ± 1 It becomes easy to obtain a product having a total of components in the range of 80% or more. Acid strength H by Hammett acidity function 0 Is described in, for example, “Super Strong Acid / Super Strong Base” (Kodansha, published on June 1, 1988).
[0038]
(D1) and (d2) may use together 2 or more types of said, and may use (d1) and (d2) together.
The amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.001 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight in total of AO and the ketiminated monoalkanolamine of the general formula (9) described above from the viewpoint of reaction rate and economy. More preferably, it is 0.003-0.8 weight part, Most preferably, it is 0.005-0.5 weight part.
[0039]
The reaction conditions for the AO addition are not particularly limited. For example, a ketiminated monoalkanolamine represented by the general formula (9) and a catalyst are mixed, and after nitrogen substitution, -0.8 to 5 kgf / cm 2 A method in which AO is introduced at a temperature of 80 to 200 ° C. under a pressure of 80 ° C. and the reaction is continued until the pressure in the reaction system of 80 to 200 ° C. is in equilibrium.
The addition format in the case of using a plurality of types of AOs may be any of block addition, random addition, and a combination thereof.
[0040]
As a condition for hydrolyzing the ketimine portion of the product, for example, a mixture of ketiminated monoalkanolamine AO adduct / water in a molar ratio of 1/1 to 1/2 is hydrolyzed at 100 to 200 ° C. and dehydrated. And a method of deketoneization.
[0041]
The polyoxyalkylene monoamine can be rectified as necessary to sharpen the molecular weight distribution. The conditions for rectification are obtained by fractionating preferable fractions at a reduced pressure of 0.1 mmHg to 20 mmHg and a temperature of 50 ° C to 250 ° C.
[0042]
Among the methods for producing the nonionic surfactant of the present invention, Z in the method (a) is OR. 2 As a specific production method in the case of the above, the molar ratio of the compound of the general formula (2) / the compound of the general formula (3) = 1 / 0.8 to 1/2, preferably 1 / 0.9 to 1 /1.5 at a reaction temperature of 50 to 250 ° C. until no decrease in total amine value is observed. 2 A method of heating and stirring while distilling off OH can be mentioned.
[0043]
Among the production methods (a) and (b) of the nonionic surfactant of the present invention, the method (a) is preferable in the following points.
(A) The distribution of the number of moles added in the AO addition reaction tends to be narrow.
(B) It is easy to perform rectification which may be carried out if necessary. [Both the rectification of the product by the production method (b) has a lower boiling point when it is rectified at the polyoxyalkylene monoamine stage of the production method (a). Often.]
[0044]
In the anionic surfactant of the present invention, for example, a group represented by any one of the general formulas (4) to (7) is introduced into a polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide in which X in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom. It is obtained by doing.
[0045]
Introduction of the group represented by the general formula (4) can be performed by a usual carboxyalkylation method. For example, a method of reacting a monohalogenated alkylcarboxylic acid (alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1; monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, etc.) in the presence of an alkali (such as sodium hydroxide), and in the presence of an alkali Examples thereof include a method in which acrylonitrile or a lower alkyl acrylate (1 to 4 carbon atoms) ester is Michael-added and then hydrolyzed.
In these cases, the equivalent ratio of the monohalogenated alkylcarboxylic acid, acrylonitrile or acrylic acid lower alkyl ester to the hydroxyl group is usually 0.95 to 1.5 / hydroxyl group. Moreover, reaction temperature is 30-120 degreeC normally.
The degree of anionization is usually 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more.
[0046]
Introduction of the group represented by the general formula (5) can be carried out by a usual sulfonation or sulfation method, for example, a method of reacting chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfamic acid or sulfuric acid. Anhydrous sulfuric acid is diluted with dry nitrogen or the like. In any case, the molar ratio of the sulfating agent is usually 0.95 to 1.03 / hydroxyl group, and the reaction temperature is 0 to 70 ° C. in the case of chlorosulfonic acid or sulfuric anhydride, and in the case of sulfamic acid or sulfuric acid. 50-150 ° C.
The degree of anionization determined by measuring the amount of bound sulfuric acid is usually 90% mol or more, preferably 95 mol% or more.
[0047]
Introduction of the group represented by the general formula (6) can be carried out by an ordinary phosphorylation method, for example, a method of reacting with a phosphorylating agent such as phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphoric anhydride, phosphorus oxychloride and the like.
As an example, the reaction with phosphoric anhydride can be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a reaction temperature of 30 to 150 ° C.
When phosphoric anhydride is used, the molar ratio of phosphoric anhydride is usually 0.7 to 1.5 / hydroxyl group for the purpose of obtaining monophosphate as a main component.
The degree of anionization determined by measuring the acid value of the product is usually 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more.
[0048]
The introduction of the group represented by the general formula (7) is carried out by a conventional sulfosuccinate esterification method (a method of maleating and sulfonating), for example, maleic anhydride and alcohol are reacted in a non-aqueous system without a catalyst, and the alcohol terminal is maleic acid. It can be carried out by a method of producing a half ester compound and further reacting with sulfite or acidic sulfite. The temperature of the half esterification reaction is usually 40 to 150 ° C., and the molar ratio of maleic anhydride is 0.9 to 1.1 / hydroxyl group. The temperature of sulfonation is 40 to 100 ° C., and the equivalent ratio of sulfite or acidic sulfite is 0.9 to 1.5 / hydroxyl group.
The degree of anionization determined by measuring the amount of bound sulfuric acid is usually 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more.
[0049]
The anionic surfactant of the present invention is obtained by a method in which a polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide other than the present invention is anionized and the reaction product is purified by a purification method such as rectification, extraction and recrystallization. You can also. A preferred production method is a method in which the polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide of the present invention is used as a raw material to be anionized, that is, n of the component having the largest weight percentage in the general formula (1) is n. max N max ± 1 In this method, a polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkylamide having a total of 80% by weight or more of the components within the above range is anionized by the above method.
[0050]
When applying the nonionic surfactant and / or anionic surfactant of the present invention to its use, for example, a detergent, a thickener, an emulsifier, a dispersant, a solubilizer, a penetrant, or a wetting agent. Anionic surfactants other than the present invention, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and / or amphoteric surfactants may be used in combination. As these surfactants, those described in US Pat. No. 4,331,447 can be used.
[0051]
As an anionic surfactant other than the present invention, ether carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or a salt thereof ((poly) oxyethylene (degree of polymerization = 1 to 100) sodium lauryl ether acetate etc.), Sulfate ester or ether sulfate ester having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or a salt thereof [sodium lauryl sulfate, (poly) oxyethylene (degree of polymerization = 1 to 100) sodium lauryl sulfate, (poly) oxyethylene (polymerization) Degree = 1-100) lauryl sulfate triethanolamine, etc.], sulfonate having a hydrocarbon group having 8-24 carbon atoms [sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, etc.], one hydrocarbon group having 8-24 carbon atoms or 2 sulfosuccinates, phosphoric acid esters having 8-24 carbon atoms Is an ether phosphate or a salt thereof [sodium lauryl phosphate, (poly) oxyethylene (degree of polymerization = 1 to 100) sodium lauryl ether phosphate, etc.], a fatty acid salt having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms [ Sodium laurate, triethanolamine laurate and the like] and acylated amino acid salts having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms [coconut oil fatty acid methyl taurine sodium, coconut oil fatty acid sarcosine sodium, coconut oil fatty acid sarcosine triethanolamine] N-coconut oil fatty acid acyl-L-glutamic acid triethanolamine, N-coconut oil fatty acid acyl-sodium L-glutamate, sodium lauroylmethyl-β-alanine, etc.], and anion described in International Patent Publication WO00 / 18857 Surfactants The
[0052]
Nonionic surfactants other than those of the present invention include, for example, aliphatic monohydric alcohol (carbon number 8-24) AO (carbon number 2-8) adduct (polymerization degree = 1-100), polyvalent (divalent). -10 valence or more) alcohol fatty acid (carbon number 8-24) ester [glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, etc.] fatty acid (carbon number 8-24) alkanolamide [1: 1 type coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, 1: 1 type lauric acid diethanolamide, etc.], polyoxyalkylene (carbon number 2-8, polymerization degree = 2-100) alkyl (carbon number 1-22) phenyl ether, (poly) oxyalkylene (carbon number 2-8) , Polymerization degree = 1 to 100) alkyl (8 to 24 carbon atoms) amine and alkyl (8 to 24 carbon atoms) dialkyl (1 to 6 carbon atoms) amine oxide [ Uril dimethyl amine oxide, and nonionic surfactants International Patent Publication WO00 / 18,857 Pat, wherein like.
[0053]
Cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salt type [stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethyl lanolin sulfate fatty acid aminopropylethyl dimethyl ammonium, etc.], amine salt type [diethylamino stearate] Ethylamide lactate, dilaurylamine hydrochloride, oleylamine lactate, etc.].
[0054]
Amphoteric surfactants include betaine-type amphoteric surfactants [coconut oil fatty acid amidopropyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, laurylhydroxy Sulfobetaine, lauroylamidoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylbetaine hydroxypropyl sodium phosphate, etc.] and amino acid type amphoteric surfactants [sodium β-laurylaminopropionate, etc.].
[0055]
Anionic surfactant content, nonionic surfactant content, cation in total surfactant in detergent, thickener, emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, penetrant or wetting agent of the present invention The content of the ionic surfactant and / or the amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 80% by weight (wherein unless otherwise specified,% represents% by weight) / 0 to 60% / 0. ~ 50%. Moreover, the content of the anionic surfactant of the present invention in the total surfactant is preferably 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 100%.
Further, the content of the anionic surfactant in the total of the anionic surfactant of the present invention and the nonionic surfactant of the present invention is preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 40 to 100%.
Moreover, the content of the anionic surfactant of the present invention in the total anionic surfactant is preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 40 to 100%.
[0056]
In the cleaning agent, thickener, emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, penetrant or wetting agent of the present invention, a known auxiliary component can be blended as necessary. Examples of such components include builders (zeolite, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, polycarboxylate, etc.), moisturizers (glycerin, sodium pyrrolidonecarboxylate, etc.), preservatives [alkyl parabenzoate (carbon number) 1-5) Esters, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, etc.], antioxidants (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, butylated hydroxyanisole, triphenyl phosphite, octylated diphenylamine, etc.), UV absorption Agents [2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, etc.], chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium, sodium polyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, etc.), bactericides (Benzalkonium chloride, etc.), pH adjusters (mono and Diethanolamine, caustic soda, lactic acid, citric acid, etc.), pigments (food additive blue No. 1, food additive red No. 2, food additive yellow No. 4, etc.), flavors (limonene, phenylethyl alcohol, hexylcinnamic aldehyde, etc.), enzymes ( Protease, cellulase, etc.), optical brighteners and bleaching agents (sodium chlorite, etc.).
The amount of the auxiliary component is not particularly limited. In the case of a cleaning agent, the enzyme, builder, chelating agent, optical brightening agent and bleaching agent are each 0 per 100 parts by weight of the anionic surfactant of the present invention. 0.01 to 800 parts by weight are preferred. Moreover, about a moisturizer, antiseptic | preservative, antioxidant, a ultraviolet absorber, a disinfectant, a pH adjuster, a pigment | dye, and a fragrance | flavor, it is 0.0001-500 with respect to 100 weight part of the anionic surfactant of this invention, respectively. Part by weight is preferred.
[0057]
The anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants of the present invention are used for household cleaners (clothing detergents, hair cleaners, tableware detergents, etc.), industrial cleaners (metals, precision parts, etc.). Emulsifiers (emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, emulsifiers for agricultural emulsions, emulsifiers for metal processing, emulsifiers for cosmetics, emulsifiers for water-based paints, etc.), dispersants (dispersants for paper drugs such as pigments and fatty acid metal salts) It is useful as a dispersant for granules, a dispersant for suspension polymerization, etc.), a solubilizer (such as a solubilizer for perfume), a foaming agent, a penetrating agent, a wetting agent, a thickener and a foaming agent.
[0058]
As a compounding prescription in the case where the anionic surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant of the present invention is used in a household detergent detergent or shampoo, for example, the following examples may be mentioned.
[0059]
[0060]
<Shampoo formulation example (% by weight)>
Anionic surfactant of the present invention
And / or nonionic surfactant: 3 to 20%
Anionic surfactant used in combination: 0.7 to 20%
Nonionic surfactant used in combination: 0 to 10%
Moisturizer (such as glycerin): 0.1-0.8%
Thickener (coconut oil diethanolamide, etc.): 0.5-10%
Chelating agent: appropriate amount
Fragrance: Appropriate amount
Preservative: appropriate amount
Moisture: 60-92%
[0061]
When the anionic surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant of the present invention is used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, examples of the monomer to be subjected to emulsion polymerization include the following known vinyl monomers.
[0062]
Vinyl hydrocarbons: aliphatic vinyl hydrocarbons [alkenes such as butene, isobutylene, pentene, heptene, diisobutylene, octene, dodecene, etc .; alkadienes such as butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,6- Hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, etc.], alicyclic vinyl hydrocarbons [(di) cyclopentadiene, vinylcyclohexene, etc.], aromatic vinyl hydrocarbons [styrenes such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, etc. ],
[0063]
Alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms [methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl ( Meth) acrylate, etc.]
[0064]
Carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomers and salts thereof:
C3-C30 unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and monoalkyl (C1-24) ester thereof [eg (meth) acrylic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, itaconic acid Such],
Examples of the salt include alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), ammonium salts, amine salts, or quaternary ammonium salts.
[0065]
Other monomers include sulfone group-containing vinyl monomers, hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomers, nitrogen-containing vinyl monomers, quaternary ammonium cation group-containing vinyl monomers, nitro group-containing vinyl monomers, and epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers. , Halogen element-containing vinyl monomers, vinyl esters, vinyl (thio) ethers, vinyl ketones, vinyl sulfones and the like.
[0066]
The emulsion polymerization method using the anionic surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant of the present invention is not particularly limited, and conventionally known polymerization initiators and chain transfer agents can be used. Examples of use include the following.
The anionic surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned aqueous emulsion polymerization, and can also be used as a suspension stabilizer for W / O suspension polymerization and non-aqueous suspension polymerization.
[0067]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to production examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise indicated, parts are parts by weight, and% is% by weight.
[0068]
<Production Example of Nonionic Surfactant>
Production Example 1
Into a depressurizable glass reaction vessel equipped with agitation, temperature control function, suspension tube and cooling tube, 122 parts (2 moles) of monoethanolamine and 300 parts (3 moles) of methylisobutylketone were charged, After refluxing and dehydrating at 120 ° C. until the distillation of water stopped, unreacted methyl isobutyl ketone and distilled water were removed under reduced pressure.
286 parts (2 moles) of this reaction product was transferred to a stainless steel autoclave with stirring and temperature control functions, 0.08 part of aluminum perchlorate 9 hydrate was added, the inside of the mixed system was replaced with nitrogen, Dehydration was performed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour under (20 mmHg). Next, 88 parts (2 mol) of EO at 110 ° C. and the gauge pressure is 1 to 3 kgf / cm. 2 Introduced to become. The aging reaction was performed until the gauge pressure did not drop, and then the catalyst was removed by adsorption treatment and transferred to a depressurizable glass reaction vessel equipped with stirring and temperature control functions. 54 parts (3 mol) of water was added, stirred and hydrolyzed at 120 ° C., and water and the generated methyl isobutyl ketone were distilled off to obtain polyoxyethylene monoamine. n 2 ± 1 The total of the components in the range was 83% (measurement of the weight ratio of each n component was the same as the above measurement condition (1)).
In a glass reaction vessel capable of reducing pressure with stirring and temperature control, 214 parts (1 mol) of lauric acid methyl ester and 116 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 2) monoamine obtained by the above reaction were charged. The reaction was carried out while distilling off methanol at 150 to 160 ° C. under a stream of air until no decrease in total amine value was observed, and then the remaining polyoxyethylene (nmax = 2) monoamine was removed at 170 to 180 ° C. under reduced pressure. Distilled off to obtain a nonionic surfactant (A1).
[0069]
Production Example 2
The polyoxyethylene monoamine obtained in Production Example 1 was subjected to rectification under reduced pressure (10 mmHg). 2 ± 1 The fraction in which the total of components in the range of 97% was distilled at 90 to 110 ° C. (measurement of the weight ratio of each n component was the same as the above measurement condition (1)). A nonionic surfactant (A2) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that this fraction was used.
[0070]
Production Example 3
A polyoxyethylene monoamine was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that potassium hydroxide was used instead of aluminum perchlorate 9-hydrate and 176 parts (4 mol) was used instead of 88 parts of EO. When rectification was performed under reduced pressure (10 mmHg), n Three ± 1 The fraction in which the total of the components within the range of 95% was distilled at 120 to 140 ° C. (measurement of the weight ratio of each n component was the same as the above measurement condition (1)). Furthermore, instead of 214 parts of lauric acid methyl ester, 242 parts of myristic acid methyl ester and 164 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 3) monoamine instead of 116 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 2) monoamine remain. A nonionic surfactant (A3) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the distillation temperature of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 3) monoamine was 190 to 200 ° C.
[0071]
Production Example 4
A polyoxyethylene monoamine was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 264 parts (6 mol) was used instead of 88 parts of EO. When rectification was performed under reduced pressure (10 mmHg), n Four ± 1 A fraction having a total of 96% of the components in the range was distilled at 160 to 180 ° C. (measurement of the weight ratio of each n component was the same as the above measurement condition (1)). Further, 298 parts of isostearic acid methyl ester is used instead of 214 parts of lauric acid methyl ester, and 212 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 4) monoamine is used instead of 116 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 2) monoamine. A nonionic surfactant (A4) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the distillation temperature of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 4) monoamine was 210 to 230 ° C.
[0072]
Production Example 5
A polyoxypropylene monoamine was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 150 parts (2 moles) of 2-hydroxylpropylamine instead of 122 parts of monoethanolamine and 116 parts (2 moles) of PO instead of 88 parts of EO were used. . When rectification was performed under reduced pressure (10 mmHg), n 2 ± 1 A fraction with a total of 98% of the components in the range was distilled at 110 to 130 ° C. (measurement of the weight ratio of each n component was the same as the above measurement condition (1)). Further, 146 parts of the above polyoxypropylene (nmax = 2) monoamine was used instead of 116 parts of polyoxyethylene (nmax = 2) monoamine, and the distillation temperature of the remaining polyoxypropylene (nmax = 2) monoamine was changed. A nonionic surfactant (A5) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the temperature was 210 to 230 ° C.
[0073]
Comparative production example 1
In a glass container similar to Production Example 1, 214 parts (1 mole) of lauric acid methyl ester and 67 parts (1.1 moles) of monoethanolamine were charged, and methanol was distilled off at 150 to 160 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. The reaction was continued until no decrease in amine value was observed, and then the remaining monoethanolamine was distilled off at 130 to 140 ° C. under reduced pressure.
This reaction product was transferred to a stainless steel autoclave equipped with stirring and temperature control, charged with 0.3 part of sodium hydroxide, and the inside of the mixed system was replaced with nitrogen, and then 44 parts (1 mol) of EO was gauged at 150 ° C. Pressure is 1-3kgf / cm 2 Then, addition polymerization was carried out to obtain a nonionic surfactant (C1).
[0074]
Comparative production example 2
Nonionic properties as in Comparative Production Example 1 except that 242 parts (1 mole) of myristic acid methyl ester were used instead of 214 parts of lauric acid methyl ester and 88 parts (2 moles) were used instead of 44 parts (1 mole) of EO. Surfactant (C2) was obtained.
[0075]
Comparative production example 3
Nonionic properties in the same manner as in Comparative Production Example 1, except that 298 parts (1 mole) of isostearic acid methyl ester was used instead of 214 parts of lauric acid methyl ester and 132 parts (3 moles) were used instead of 44 parts (1 mole) of EO. Surfactant (C3) was obtained.
[0076]
In addition, all the active ingredients of the nonionic surfactant were 100%.
[0077]
<Example of production of anionic surfactant>
Production example a
287 parts (1 mol) of the nonionic surfactant (A1) obtained in Production Example 1 were charged into a glass container equipped with stirring, a temperature control function and a dropping funnel, and the temperature was maintained at 20 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. Then, 120 parts (1.03 mol) of chlorosulfonic acid was added dropwise. After dehydrochlorination for 2 hours at the same temperature, the sulfate was neutralized with an aqueous solution in which 41.2 parts (1.03 mol) of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 890 parts of water to obtain an anionic interface with 30% active ingredient. An activator (B1) was obtained.
[0078]
Production example b
An anionic surfactant (B2) having an active ingredient of 30% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example a, except that (A2) obtained in Production Example 2 was used as the nonionic surfactant.
[0079]
Production example c
In a glass container equipped with stirring, temperature control function and cooling tube, 359 parts (1 mol) of the nonionic surfactant (A3) obtained in Production Example 3, 128 parts (1.1 mol) of sodium monochloroacetate, 300 parts of toluene was charged, and the degree of vacuum was 75 mmHg while maintaining the temperature at 50 ° C. Thereafter, 50 parts (1.25 mol) of granular sodium hydroxide was charged over 2 hours while dehydrating under reduced pressure, and the reaction was performed for 6 hours.
Thereafter, 330 parts of water was added, acidified with hydrochloric acid, allowed to stand, liquid separation was carried out, toluene was removed, a solution obtained by dissolving 40 parts (1 mol) of sodium hydroxide in 1010 parts of water was added, and the active ingredient was 30%. An anionic surfactant (B3) was obtained.
[0080]
Production example d
In a glass container equipped with stirring, a temperature control function and a cooling tube, 459 parts (1 mol) of the nonionic surfactant (A4) obtained in Production Example 4 and 108 parts (1.1 mol) of maleic anhydride were added. After charging and reacting at 65 ° C. for 8 hours, a solution obtained by dissolving 151 parts (1.2 mol) of sodium sulfite in 1590 parts of water was added at 60 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a sulfonated product. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid to obtain an anionic surfactant (B4) having an active ingredient of 30%.
[0081]
Production example e
30% active ingredient in the same manner as in Production Example a except that 315 parts of nonionic surfactant (A5) was used instead of 287 parts of nonionic surfactant (A1) and 960 parts of water was used instead of 930 parts of water. An anionic surfactant (B5) was obtained.
[0082]
Comparative production example a
An anionic surfactant (D1) having an active ingredient of 30% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example a except that the nonionic surfactant (C1) was used in place of the nonionic surfactant (A1).
[0083]
Comparative production example b
An anionic surfactant (D2) having an active ingredient of 30% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example c except that the nonionic surfactant (C2) was used in place of the nonionic surfactant (A3).
[0084]
Comparative production example c
An anionic surfactant (D3) having an active ingredient of 30% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example d except that the nonionic surfactant (C3) was used in place of the nonionic surfactant (A4).
[0085]
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the weight ratios of the n components of the nonionic surfactants A1 to A5 and C1 to C3 and the anionic surfactants B1 to B5 and D1 to D3.
[0086]
[Table 1]
[0087]
Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3
<Foam stability test>
<Test method>
Nonionic surfactants A1 to A5 and C1 to C3, castor oil and anionic surfactants other than the present invention were prepared at the following active ingredient ratios to prepare sample solutions. The sample solution was stirred at 2,000 rpm with a household mixer under the following conditions and allowed to stand, and the foam stability after 30 minutes was compared.
Sample solution;
Nonionic surfactant A1-A5 or C1-C3: 0.025%
Polyoxyethylene (n = 2) sodium lauryl ether sulfate: 0.075%
Castor oil: 0.05%
Water: remaining
Liquid volume: 1000mL
Liquid temperature: 30 ° C
Stirring time: 30 seconds
<Evaluation method>
The bubble height immediately after the stirring was stopped was acm, the bubble height after 30 minutes after the stirring was stopped was bcm, and the bubble stability was calculated by the following formula.
Foam stability (%) = (a−b) / a × 100
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
[0088]
[Table 2]
[0089]
Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6
<Thickening and low temperature stability evaluation>
<Evaluation method>
Nonionic surfactants A1 to A5 and C1 to C3 and anionic surfactants were prepared at the following active ingredient ratios to prepare sample solutions. While measuring the viscosity of the sample solution under the following conditions, the appearance at 5 ° C. was observed.
<Viscosity measurement conditions>
Measuring instrument: B-type rotational viscometer
Sample solution;
Polyoxyethylene (n = 2) sodium lauryl ether sulfate: 14%
Nonionic surfactants A1 to A5 and C1 to C3: 6%
Water: remaining
Liquid volume: 200mL
Liquid temperature: 25 ° C
<Thickness evaluation criteria>
The viscosity (unit: mPa · s) of the above blended solution was measured.
<Low-temperature stability evaluation criteria>
Let stand at 5 ° C. and observe the period until the appearance begins to become cloudy.
A: More than 3 months
○: 1 month or more and less than 3 months
△: 1 week or more and less than 1 month
×: Less than 1 week
Table 3 shows the evaluation results of thickening and low-temperature stability.
[0090]
[Table 3]
[0091]
Examples 11-15 and Comparative Examples 7-9
<Detergency test>
<Test method>
An aqueous solution of 0.03% active ingredients of anionic surfactants B1 to B5 and D1 to D3 was prepared and used as sample solutions.
Seven JIS wet artificially contaminated cloths and 10 test cloths (110 mm × 100 mm) defined by JIS L0803 were prepared, and the artificially contaminated cloths were respectively stapled to 7 of the test cloths. Using 10 test cloths thus prepared, a detergency test was performed under the following conditions.
After the test, the washed artificially contaminated cloth was air-dried. <Evaluation method>
The reflectivity (540 nm) of the artificially contaminated cloth after washing, the uncleaned artificially contaminated cloth, and the clean cloth was measured, and the detergency was calculated according to the following equation.
Detergency (%) = {(Rw−Rs) / (RI−Rs)} × 100
RI: Clean cloth reflectance
Rw: Reflectivity of the artificially contaminated cloth after washing
Rs: reflectance of uncleaned artificially contaminated cloth
A multi-light source spectrocolorimeter (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments) was used for the reflectance measurement.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
[0092]
[Table 4]
[0093]
Examples 16-20 and Comparative Examples 10-12
Anionic surfactants B1 to B4 and D1 to D3, and nonionic surfactants (A1) to (A5) and (C1) to (C3) are added to the hair in the formulation shown in Table 5 (active ingredient display). It was prepared as a cleaning agent (shampoo) and evaluated for usability.
<Evaluation method>
“Foaming”, “foam quality”, and “texture” at the time of use for 10 panelists of male and female were determined according to the following five-step criteria, and the total score was evaluated.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
<Evaluation criteria>
“Bubbles”;
5 points that foam very well
4 points
3 points to foam normally
2 points with little foaming
1 point that almost does not foam
“Foam quality”;
5 fine creamy bubbles
4 slightly fine bubbles
3 normal size bubbles
2 slightly rough bubbles
1 point of very rough foam
"Texture"
5 points for smooth finger passage
4 points are very smooth
3 points as per normal finger
2 points are slightly heavy
1 point with bad fingering
[0094]
[Table 5]
[0095]
[Table 6]
[0096]
【Effect of the invention】
The nonionic surfactant and the anionic surfactant of the present invention are highly stable over time when blended in a detergent composition and do not fade in appearance even at low temperatures. In addition, it has excellent cleanability, compoundability, foaming power, usability, thickening and foam stability, etc., so that household cleaners (clothing detergents, hair cleaners, dishwashing detergents, etc.) and industrial cleaners It is suitable as a wide range of cleaning agents such as cleaning agents (such as cleaning agents for metals and precision parts). It also has excellent emulsifying properties, dispersibility, penetrability, wettability, and so on. Etc.), dispersants (dispersants for paper chemicals such as pigments and fatty acid metal salts, dispersants for agricultural chemical granules, dispersants for suspension polymerization, etc.), solubilizers (solubilizers for perfume, etc.), penetrants It is also useful as a wetting agent.
Claims (6)
R1−CONH−(AO)n−X (1)
[式中、R1は炭素数7〜24の炭化水素基、Xは水素原子またはアニオン性基、Aは炭素数2のエチレン基、nは平均が1.5〜20となる1以上の整数を表す。]Is represented by the general formula (1), a surfactant consisting of components having different n, the sum of the components in the range of n max ± 1 when the n most weight percent of more components and n max is 80 Nonionic or anionic surfactant that is at least% by weight.
R 1 —CONH— (AO) n —X (1)
[Wherein, R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a hydrogen atom or an anionic group, A is an ethylene group having 2 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 or more having an average of 1.5 to 20 Represents. ]
R1−CO−Z (2)
[式中、R1は炭素数7〜24の炭化水素基、Zはヒドロキシル基、OR2またはハロゲン原子を表す。但し、R2は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示す。]
H2N−(AO)n−H (3)
[式中、Aは炭素数2〜5の1種以上のアルキレン基、nは平均が1.5〜20となる1以上の整数を表す。]An amide-forming compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a compound composed of components represented by the following general formula (3) having different n, and n of the component having the largest weight percentage is defined as n max 2. The nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is obtained by a reaction with a polyoxyalkylene monoamine in which the total of components in the range of n max ± 1 is 80% by weight or more.
R 1 —CO—Z (2)
[Wherein, R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, and Z represents a hydroxyl group, OR 2 or a halogen atom. However, R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ]
H 2 N- (AO) n -H (3)
[In the formula, A represents one or more alkylene groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and n represents one or more integers having an average of 1.5 to 20. ]
−(CH2)pCH2COOM1/r (4)
−(CH2)pSO3M1/r (5)
Mは水素原子またはr価のカチオンを示し、rは1または2である。]The anionic surfactant according to claim 1, wherein X is any one of the following general formulas (4) to (7).
- (CH 2) p CH 2 COOM 1 / r (4)
- (CH 2) p SO 3 M 1 / r (5)
M represents a hydrogen atom or an r-valent cation, and r is 1 or 2. ]
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| CN115161133B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-12-01 | 晋江市盛星新材料科技有限公司 | Whitening and degreasing agent for cotton fabric, and preparation method and application method thereof |
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| JPH11349987A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Nonionic surfactant and detergent composition |
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