JP4938581B2 - Artificial floating islands and artificial floating islands - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an artificial island and artificial island group, suppressing the production and maintenance costs, and long to allow useful artificial island, relates to an artificial island group to prevent a collision of an artificial island between connected.

  Artificial floating islands have been established for the purpose of maintaining landscapes such as lakes and reservoirs for a long time. Currently, there are several purposes for installing artificial floating islands, and in many cases, the combined effects are expected. For example, providing flying birds with a place of rest, nesting, and food that can be protected from natural enemies, and installing many artificial floating islands to block sunlight and reduce water temperature rise, The purpose of this is to reduce the amount of phytoplankton generated, increase the number of zooplankton, and grow fish that feed on them. In particular, in installations such as deep water reservoirs, the addition of new materials below the artificial floating island provides a place for fish egg attachment and hatching. Furthermore, by connecting a number of artificial floating islands in a chain and installing a large number of them along the shore, there are cases where the revetment and shore using natural soil and natural vegetation are protected from scouring by blowing currents and waves. .

  Artificial floating islands are being researched and developed for each type. Examples thereof include a mat type using a fiber mat as a vegetation base material, and a buoyant body formed by combining logs. In particular, the concrete type is a large buoyant body covered with concrete, and can be installed in a place where it is susceptible to external force.

  However, conventional artificial floating islands have low strength and fastness against blowing currents and waves, and have a long service life. For this reason, it was unsuitable for long-term use such as wild bird protection and nature revetment maintenance. In addition, since maintenance is required every year, there is a problem that even if the initial cost is low, the maintenance cost is high and the life cycle cost is high.

Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a wooden frame is arranged outside a concrete block in which foams are mixed to form continuous voids. According to this invention, the concrete block in which the vegetation base body is formed can be prevented from being damaged, and the original function as a floating island can be maintained over a long period of time. Patent Document 2 discloses an invention in which foamed polystyrene is housed in a bottomed container formed of concrete or lightweight concrete, and a water-inhibiting floating member is filled in the voids. According to the present invention, even when a crack occurs in the bottomed container, water immersion is prevented by the infiltration prevention floating member, so that the water surface can be greened over a long period of time.
JP 2006-14676 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-15148

  However, when the invention of Patent Document 1 is used, the collision of the concrete block can be prevented, but the wooden frame is easily corroded in water, and it takes time to manufacture the wooden frame itself. In the unlikely event that the wooden frame is damaged, it is necessary to remanufacture the wooden frame, and engagement with a fishing line or the like is required to fix the vegetation base material to the wooden frame. As a result, there is a problem that the maintenance cost becomes expensive. Moreover, when the invention of Patent Document 2 is used, the adjoining concrete blocks are brought into close contact with each other so that a large landscape area cannot be taken. Also, once the bolts and nuts to be connected are loosened due to many years of waves, the concrete may repeatedly collide and be damaged. As a result, the concrete block and the vegetation base housed therein are separated, and the function as an artificial floating island cannot be performed.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and suppresses the production cost and installation cost, and the biological plant fiber having a high tensile strength that constitutes the root of the plant has the strength of the artificial floating island. The purpose is to provide an artificial floating island with a higher degree of tightness and a further increase in durability.
In addition, the concrete blocks that form the concrete frame of the vegetation foundation can be prevented from contacting or colliding with each other, and multiple artificial floating islands can be held safely and reliably for many years, and maintenance costs can be reduced. It aims at providing the artificial floating island group which connected the adjacent artificial floating island using the tool for connection which can implement | achieve.

  In order to achieve the above object, an artificial floating island according to the present invention includes a buoyancy body in which a plurality of through-holes communicating between air and water are formed, and a fibrous vegetation base placed on the upper surface of the buoyancy body And a porous concrete frame that covers side surfaces of the buoyancy body and the vegetation base body, and the through hole and the vegetation base body are bound by a string-like body, and water is supplied to the vegetation base body. The plant stalk root on the vegetation base is passed through the porous concrete frame through the through hole and extended to the outside of the frame, and the buoyant body and the porous concrete frame are tightly coupled. To do.

  The porous concrete frame may be configured to have a continuous porosity of 15% or more.

  Moreover, you may comprise the said porous concrete frame so that the height may be 100 mm-1000 mm.

  The buoyancy body may be formed from a synthetic resin having an expansion ratio of about 50 times.

To achieve the above object, an artificial island group according to the present invention, the artificial island with a plurality comprises, a connecting member for connecting the artificial floating island adjacent the coupling body straddling between the artificial island adjacent plane and the rubber plate has a vertical rubber plate mounted perpendicularly to said plane rubber plate so as to contact the outer frame of each of the artificial island adjacent, by the coupling body, the relative variation between the artificial island suppressing while predetermined distance, characterized in that the artificial floating island are connected to each other by.

  You may comprise the said coupling body so that the thickness and board assembly may be determined based on the weight of the said artificial floating island and the external force which acts on the said artificial floating island.

Further, part of the embedded bolt into the artificial island is protruded on the upper surface, may be configured so that not tightened by the said the plurality of bolt holes formed in the coupling body bolt is inserted a nut.

As described above, according to the present invention, an artificial floating island can be produced by processing and combining general materials, so that the production cost can be kept low. Since it can be lowered to the surface of the water and towed by a small ship to the designated installation point, it can be installed by a very small number of people, so that the installation cost can be reduced.
Moreover, when the plant roots pass through the inside of the porous concrete and reach the outside thereof, the porous concrete portion forming the concrete frame and the foamed resin buoyant body can be tightly coupled. And even when the material of the artificial floating island body is weathered and weakened, the shoots will continue to grow, which has the effect of extending the useful life of the artificial floating island.
Moreover, since the artificial floating island group is formed using the connecting rubber having rigidity, it is possible to prevent mutual breakage due to contact or collision between the artificial floating islands. As a result, the artificial floating island group can be used for a long period of time.
Further, since the structure is such that the connecting rubber is held by the nut, when the connecting rubber is exchanged or some artificial floating islands are removed for repair, these maintenances can be performed simply by removing the nut. As a result, the maintenance cost can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out an artificial floating island according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1: has shown the perspective view which notched some artificial floating islands based on embodiment of this invention. The artificial floating island 10 includes a concrete frame formed of a porous concrete layer 11 and a normal concrete layer 12, and a foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and a vegetation base body 30 provided in the concrete frame portion.

  The planar shape of the concrete frame is a square frame shape, and its height (thickness) is determined according to the planar dimensions and application after buoyancy calculation is performed as described later. The central part of the height of the concrete frame is composed of a porous concrete layer 11, and the upper part and the lower part are formed from a normal concrete layer 12 so as to sandwich the porous concrete layer 11. The porous concrete layer 11 is designed with a mixture of cement and coarse aggregate so that the continuous porosity is 15% or more so that the plant roots can pass through the porous concrete layer 11. In order to prevent a decrease in tensile strength over many years, the water cement ratio (W / C) of the porous concrete layer 11 is set to 0.25 to 0.30. Further, a long rod of fiber reinforced plastic (hereinafter referred to as FRP reinforcing material 15) is arranged inside. For the purpose of reinforcing the tensile strength of the porous concrete layer 11, two FRP reinforcing members 15 are installed at appropriate intervals above and below the four sides of the concrete frame. As will be described later, an external force acts on the bolt 13 to maintain the connection of the artificial floating island. In order to prevent the upper and lower ends of the concrete frame from being damaged by the external force, the upper and lower sides of the porous concrete layer 11 are the normal concrete layer 12. Is formed. And the stability of the artificial floating island 10 used as a floating body can be aimed at because the lower ordinary concrete layer 12 is formed thicker than the upper side.

  Bolts 13 and eyebolts 14 are fixed to the concrete frame at the four corners of the concrete frame. A stainless steel bolt 13 projects from the upper surface of the concrete frame, and an eye bolt 14 projects from the lower surface. The bolt 13 is used to connect the artificial floating islands 10 via a connecting rubber 40 (FIG. 3A) described later. The eyebolt 14 protruding from the lower surface is used for fixing the anchor rope 16.

  A foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and a vegetation base material 30 are accommodated in the concrete frame. The foamed resin buoyancy body 20 has a square planar shape, and is set to a height 20 mm to 50 mm lower than the top end of the concrete frame. The foamed resin buoyancy body 20 is made of foamed polyethylene or foamed polystyrene having an expansion ratio of about 50 times. A urethane resin-coated surface 23 is formed on the lower surface of the foamed resin buoyancy body 20. The urethane-based resin is applied to a thickness of about 1.5 mm (about three times of coating) for the purpose of improving impact resistance and durability. In addition, when installing the artificial floating island 10 in a place with severe environmental conditions, urethane-based resin may be applied to the entire surface of the foamed resin buoyant body 20 to improve the service life.

  A vegetation base 30 having a thickness of 20 mm to 50 mm is installed on the upper surface of the foamed resin buoyancy body 20, and the top positions of the vegetation base 30 and the concrete frame are aligned. The vegetation base body 30 is formed of natural fibers or synthetic fibers (soft polyester or the like) having a large number of voids so as to exert effects on plant growth and stem root growth. In recent years, recycled products have been marketed and may be used as the vegetation base 30. On the upper surface of the vegetation base 30, a plant stem 50 that grows while gradually rooting is grown.

  Four string passage holes 32 (referred to as vertical through holes 21 in the foamed resin buoyancy body 20) are formed in the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and the vegetation base body 30. A string-like body 31 in which resin fiber yarns are knitted is inserted into the string-passing hole 32 and tied on the lower surface of the foamed resin buoyancy body 20. The string-like body 31 integrates the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and the vegetation base body 30, and hydrates the vegetation base body 30 from the lower surface of the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 by the capillary phenomenon of the string-like body 31. . In addition, when the dimension of the vegetation base 30 is large and it is not sufficient to replenish water with the two string-like bodies 31, the string-like bodies 31 to be installed by increasing the string passage holes 32 may be increased.

  In the production of the artificial floating island 10 according to the present invention, a molded foamed resin buoyancy body 20 is disposed, and a formwork for a concrete frame is disposed so as to surround it. Bolts 13, eyebolts 14, and FRP reinforcements 15 are arranged at predetermined positions, and porous concrete and ordinary concrete are placed so as to form a layer. The cast porous concrete and ordinary concrete are compacted using a vibrator and cured under appropriate temperature control. As a result, the concrete frame and the foamed resin buoyant body 20 can be produced as an integrally molded product having tightness.

  Next, the details of the buoyant body made of foamed resin installed in the concrete frame will be described. 2 shows an artificial floating island from which the vegetation base is removed, FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view of the artificial floating island cut out, and FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow IIb-IIb. Is shown. The foamed resin buoyancy body 20 has 16 through holes 21 and 22 before being integrally formed with the concrete frame. The four through holes arranged in the center are vertical through holes 21 penetrating through the foamed resin buoyant body 20 in the vertical direction. Further, the through holes arranged around the vertical through hole 21 are oblique through holes 22 formed in the oblique direction of the foamed resin buoyant body 20, and penetrate the upper surface and the side surface of the foamed resin buoyant body 20. ing. Further, a separation preventing groove 24 having a rectangular cross section is formed on the side surface of the foamed resin buoyancy body 20. Thereby, even when the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 shrinks due to aging, it is possible to prevent the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and the concrete frame from separating.

  The vertical through-hole 21 is formed at the same plane position as the string passage hole 32 (FIG. 1) of the vegetation base body 30, and the string-shaped body 31 is inserted therethrough. The string-like body 31 is tied under the foamed resin buoyancy body 20, thereby integrating the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 and the vegetation base body 30 and supplying water to the vegetation base body 30.

  The diagonal through-hole 22 functions as a guide hole for extending the plant root 50 (FIG. 1) prospered on the vegetation base body 30. The pedicle root 50 of the plant growing on the vegetation base body 30 extends downward through the oblique through hole 22. Eventually, it enters the voids of the porous concrete layer 11, and a part of the stem 50 passes through the inside of the porous concrete layer 11 and reaches the outside thereof. The stem 50 is a living plant fiber, and many fine fibers are stretched, and each has a strong tensile strength. Therefore, even if it completely withers in winter, the artificial floating island 10 is not easily decomposed. And when spring comes, new shoots are made. These have been useful for many years to bond the porous concrete layer 11 forming the concrete frame and the buoyant body 20 made of foamed resin. And even when the artificial floating island 10 main body weakens due to weathering over a long period of time, the shoots will continue to proliferate, making it possible to extend the useful life of the artificial floating island 10.

  FIG. 3 shows an artificial floating island (hereinafter referred to as an artificial floating island group) in which a plurality of artificial floating islands according to the present invention are connected and integrated. FIG. 3 (a) shows four artificial floating islands using a connecting rubber. It is a perspective view of the artificial floating island group which united the floating island, and FIG.3 (b) is the side view which paid its attention to the connection part of the artificial floating island group shown by arrow IIIb-IIIb. A bolt hole 43 (FIG. 4A) through which the bolt 13 can be inserted is formed in the connecting rubber 40 that connects the artificial floating island 10. The bolt 13 fixed to the artificial floating island 10 is inserted into the bolt hole 43 and tightened with the nut 44, whereby the artificial floating island 10 is connected by the connecting rubber 40. It is desirable that the nuts 44 used for tightening have a loosening prevention effect as double nuts of type 1 and type 3 so that the connecting rubber 40 does not come off for a long time. Two types of connecting rubber 40 for connecting two artificial floating islands 10 and two types for connecting four artificial floating islands 10 are prepared. By selecting the type of connecting rubber 40, the desired arrangement of artificial floating islands 10 can be realized.

  FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a connecting rubber connecting four adjacent artificial floating islands, and FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view from below the connecting rubber. The connecting rubber 40 is composed of a flat plate 41 straddling between the artificial floating islands 10 adjacent to each other and a vertical plate 42 that attaches perpendicularly to the flat plate 41 and suppresses positioning and fluctuation of the artificial floating island 10. In the flat plate 41, four bolt holes 43 are formed at positions where the bolts 13 (FIG. 1) of the artificial floating island 10 are engaged. The vertical plate 42 is attached to the flat plate 41 so as to contact the corner of the artificial floating island 10. The vertical plate separation L is set so that the distance between adjacent artificial floating islands is 50 mm or more. Further, the vertical plate height H is preferably about the same as the height (thickness) of the artificial floating island, but the thickness between the flat plate 41 and the vertical plate 42 is appropriately set even when the height is lower than that. By setting, the collision between the artificial floating islands 10 can be prevented. The connecting rubber 40 may be manufactured by integrally molding with a dedicated mold, or the vertical plate 42 may be attached to the flat plate 41 with an adhesive.

  Next, the shape and dimensions of each member described above will be described. Although the artificial floating island 10 having a square planar shape has been described above, any shape such as a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a polygon, or a shape imitating a natural island should be manufactured. Can do. Moreover, it is preferable that one dimension of the artificial floating island 10 is a dimension that can be mounted on the vehicle in consideration of manufacturing and transportation costs. With such dimensions, it is possible to tow on a small ship by lowering it to the water surface with a small lifting equipment. In addition, the height (thickness) of the artificial floating island 10 is determined by buoyancy calculation combining a concrete frame made of the porous concrete layer 11 and the ordinary concrete layer 12 and the foamed resin buoyant body 20. It is preferable that it is about 100 mm-1000 mm according to a use.

  In the above description, the foamed resin buoyancy body 20 in which the twelve oblique through holes 22 are formed has been described, but the number of the oblique through holes 22 can be freely set. For example, depending on the size of the artificial floating island 10, it is preferable that the oblique through-holes 22 are arranged closely so as not to inhibit the elongation of the stem when growing a plant whose stem root is remarkably developed. . In consideration of the manufacturability of the foamed resin buoyant body 20, the diameters of the vertical through hole 21 and the oblique through hole 22 should be the same. This hole diameter is determined in consideration of the state of overgrowth of plant roots and the amount of water supplied to the vegetation base body 30 by the string-like body 31 inserted through the vertical through-hole 21, but should be about 5 mm to 15 mm. Is preferred.

  The connecting rubber 40 that connects the artificial floating islands described above generates various external forces such as compression, tension, and twist due to the relative displacement between the artificial floating islands. Therefore, the connecting rubber 40 is required to have sufficient rigidity to prevent the artificial floating island 10 from colliding without being easily deformed by these external forces. Depending on the weight of the artificial floating island 10 and the design external force acting on the artificial floating island 10, the collision of the artificial floating island 10 can be prevented if the thickness of the connecting rubber 40 is about 10 mm to 20 mm. If there is a risk of the artificial floating island 10 colliding even if the thickness of the connecting rubber 40 is increased, a reinforcing material may be installed in the connecting rubber 40 in advance. For example, as shown in FIG. 4B, by installing a connecting rubber reinforcing material 45 having the same rubber thickness as that of the vertical plate 42, the rigidity of the connecting rubber 40 can be increased and the deformation with respect to the external force can be reduced. Further, when the artificial floating island 10 has another shape, the flat plate 41 and the vertical plate 42 are formed in accordance with the shape of the artificial floating island 10 so that an appropriate separation distance between the artificial floating islands 10 can be maintained. The collision of the artificial floating island 10 can be prevented.

  In the above description, the method of tightening the connecting rubber 40 with the double nut has been described. However, other methods having a loosening prevention effect may be used. For example, a method of passing a split pin through the bolt 13 can be mentioned, but considering a case where the connecting rubber 40 needs to be replaced for some reason, a structure that can be removed relatively easily by human power is preferable. With such a structure, the replacement of the connecting rubber 40 and the removal for repairing some of the artificial floating islands 10 can be performed simply by removing the nut 44. As a result, maintenance becomes easy and maintenance costs can be reduced.

  In the above embodiment, the artificial floating island 10 in which the bolts 13 are installed at the four corners has been described. However, when there is no adjacent artificial floating island 10, it is not necessary to install the bolts 13. Moreover, when using only one artificial floating island 10, the bolt 13 is unnecessary and the normal concrete layer 12 on the upper side of the concrete frame can be made of porous concrete.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which plants overgrow in the artificial floating island group according to the present invention. At the top of the vegetation base, plants thrive as branches and leaves and hang down as they grow. The stem root extends downward and is guided to an oblique through hole 22 formed in the foamed resin buoyancy body 20. And it penetrates into the space of the porous concrete layer 11, passes through the porous concrete layer 11, and reaches the outside. By installing one or more artificial floating islands formed as described above, a small island of grass can be seen on the surface of the water to greatly improve the landscape, as well as a place for resting, nesting, and feeding of wild birds Can provide a place. In this wild bird protection, if necessary, it is possible to attach a shield or the like to prevent damage to young birds from perches, raptors from the sky, and snakes swimming on the water surface. Moreover, by hanging a net-like or a large number of string-like fiber materials under the surface of the water, it is useful not only for increasing the space for attaching fish eggs, but also for protecting larvae from carnivorous fish.

The perspective view which notched a part of artificial floating island which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the artificial floating island which removed the vegetation base body, (a) is the perspective view which notched some artificial floating islands, (b) is sectional drawing shown by arrow IIb-IIb. The artificial floating island group which connected and integrated the artificial floating island which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a perspective view of an artificial floating island group, (b) is the connection part of the artificial floating island shown by arrow IIIb-IIIb The side view which paid its attention to. It is detail drawing of the connection rubber which connects four artificial floating islands based on this invention, (a) is a perspective view from the connection rubber lower part, (b) is the perspective view which showed the example of reinforcement of connection rubber. The perspective view which showed the state in which the plant grew to the artificial floating island group which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Artificial floating island (group)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Porous concrete layer 12 Normal concrete layer 13 Bolt 14 Eye bolt 15 FRP reinforcement 16 Anchor rope 20 Foamed body made of foamed resin 21 Vertical through-hole 22 Diagonal through-hole 23 Urethane-type resin application surface 24 Separation prevention groove 30 Vegetation base body 31 String shape Body 32 String passage hole 40 Connecting rubber 41 Flat plate 42 Vertical plate 43 Bolt hole 44 Nut 45 Connecting rubber reinforcement 50 Stalk L Vertical plate separation H Vertical plate height

Claims (7)

A buoyancy body in which a plurality of through-holes communicating the air and water are formed;
A fibrous vegetation base placed on the upper surface of the buoyancy body;
A porous concrete frame covering side surfaces of the buoyancy body and the vegetation base body,
Binding the through hole and the vegetation base body with a string-like body, and supplying water to the vegetation base body,
The plant stalk root on the vegetation base is passed through the porous concrete frame through the through hole and extended to the outside of the frame, and the buoyant body and the porous concrete frame are tightly coupled. Artificial floating island.   The artificial floating island according to claim 1, wherein the porous concrete frame has a continuous porosity of 15% or more.   The artificial floating island according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous concrete frame has a height of 100 mm to 1000 mm.   The artificial floating island according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the buoyancy body is formed from a synthetic resin having an expansion ratio of about 50 times. While comprising a plurality of artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Comprising a connecting body connecting adjacent artificial floating islands;
Wherein the coupling element includes a flat rubber plate crossing between adjacent the artificial island, and a vertical rubber plate mounted perpendicularly to said plane rubber plate so as to contact the outer frame of each of the artificial floating island adjacent to,
The artificial floating island group, wherein the artificial floating islands are connected to each other by being separated by a predetermined distance while suppressing relative fluctuation between the artificial floating islands by the connecting body. 6. The artificial floating island group according to claim 5, wherein the thickness and plate assembly of the connecting body are determined based on a weight of the artificial floating island and an external force acting on the artificial floating island. Project a part of the bolt embedded in the artificial floating island to the upper surface,
The artificial island group according to claim 5 or 6 wherein the plurality of bolt holes formed in the coupling body bolt is characterized that you have tightened inserted through the nut.

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