JP4938664B2 - Guidance and safety systems for complex transportation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a guidance and security system for transport means, in particular complex mass transport systems, in which automatic passenger counting, security monitoring, for example, against fire, crime and terrorism, control of the use of individual elements of the transport system, such as vehicles, trains etc., automatic monitoring of the track and passenger information are connected with each other by an electronic “backbone”. The system comprises at least one guidance means for at least one transport means an/or for people, several recording units and a central unit. The central unit is connected to the recording units and the guidance means. The recording units are for determining the number of people located at a particular time and in a particular spatial area such that the central unit can control the guidance means depending thereon, in order that the appropriate number of vehicles is automatically provided with the necessary frequency and to guide passengers to the vehicle entrances.

Description

  The present invention relates to a traffic guidance system having various devices for controlling and protecting means of transportation and guiding people. In particular, the present invention relates to a guidance and safety system having a course safety system.

  The starting point of the problem on which the present invention is based is the actual state of a traffic system, in particular a mass traffic system, characterized by congestion and safety problems, as well as capacity problems. Control of the transportation system often cannot keep up with its growth. In these transportation systems, especially subway and suburban railway systems, traffic peaks appear daily, which can also lead to capacity bottlenecks and often system collapse. Often, even with a plurality of separate doors where the train is not used, it is observed that passengers, for example, enter the subway only in a few places, especially near the entrance, such as an escalator. In order to take advantage of other train doors to board, passengers will have to travel a distance along the platform from the escalator. Of course, passengers avoid unnecessary roads, especially since processing time is lost and many drivers do not wait for individual passengers to reach another rear door. Therefore, in order not to miss the train, most passengers choose to ride near the nearest door, usually close to the entrance to the platform, despite the prevailing congestion. Of course, this increases the waiting time of the train, especially in trains that cannot pass through, the seating is uneven, so that passengers push in on one part of the train, while other trains are vacant Or not so crowded.

  Unnecessary extension of the waiting time thereby leads to a clear reduction in passenger carrying capacity. This seems to require a corresponding expansion of transportation, which may be unnecessary in practice, depending on the situation. In the case of such unused expansion, resources will disappear on a large scale, new routes will be built, more trains will be purchased, and so on.

  Traffic system operators are also faced with an increasing need to accurately calculate the number of people present in a vehicle, particularly rail vehicles, at some point in time according to distance traveled. There are various reasons for this. One reason is to clarify the question of whether the provision of transportation is acceptable, or whether the service of the specified route section is of unitary value, and at the same time for reasons of fare calculation technology, It is to confirm the efficiency of. This is especially true when multiple operators collaborate in the transport industry association and the fare must be distributed among the operators according to the amount of traffic.

  Accurate counting by communicating results as fast as possible to the guidance point or to the automated system responds as necessary to the increase in passenger volume, if necessary, eg for large events (concerts, soccer) This is necessary if additional trains should preferably be automatically entered after completion. With only as accurate a count of passengers as possible, a transportation business entity can do business appropriately for demand, i.e. save extra trains and save money. In this case, it is preferable that information is transmitted as soon as possible about the increase in passenger volume. In this case, the count in the case of an unmanned automatic mass transit system provides the possibility of introducing additional trains in real time without the need to use the driver, and as a result, can respond quickly. Of course, in a system that counts the amount of passengers for the number of passengers getting on or off, it is unavoidable to cause congestion of stations and platforms after such a major accident. However, detecting the amount of passengers already in the front line helps to prevent this. Near-field traffic in most countries (especially the EU countries) is subsidized by public funds, so accurate detection is also necessary for reasons of accurate and purposeful use of taxes.

  The more intelligent distribution of platform passengers can further reduce sustained mass transit, especially train ride times, in which case the overall passenger transfer time can be reduced. Therefore, the clock frequency of the vehicle can be increased. Furthermore, the occupancy of the train is made more uniform, i.e. existing spaces and / or seats are better utilized, for example. By reducing the waiting time, essentially more trains per unit of time can be stopped at the station, and the people who are present at the station and subsequently flow can be further transported at a higher number or at higher speeds per hour.

  The basic principle of the corresponding traffic guidance system has already been disclosed in EP 09541527. In this document, the technical teachings lay on the optimal guidance and distribution of people to enhance the ability of transportation. The present invention surpasses this, and extends to the automatic availability of vehicle capacity and the increase of its safety.

  Contactless card systems, access checks, etc. are well known in the prior art. Similarly, department stores are known to protect potentially stolen or expensive items with small transmitters or metal receivers, which are locked upon payment as they pass through the exit gates of the store. Trigger an alarm if is not removed. Similarly, cards are known that are equipped with magnet pieces or chips upon payment of the entrance fee. The card form with a chip etc. is already qualified for access so that it is already enough to pass the gate without requiring direct contact between the card and the reader as is still required in the case of a magnet strip. Can be used for verification. Such cards are equipped with a chip or small transmitter that communicates with the reader via magnetic fields or wirelessly to release access. This device is also used for inspection, in particular to prevent counterfeiting. For example, the cost of minichips for euro bills is currently about 20 cents (0.20 euro). For example, a large number of chips for each ticket of a metropolitan transport business association can further reduce these costs.

  Various calculation and transmission methods exist and provide better (more accurate) or less accurate calculation results, depending on the technology used. However, these methods are somewhat inaccurate with respect to individuals because they involve some inaccuracy in the system. With a corresponding estimate, the operator, or the person responsible for safety, also gives an outlook on the number of people present in the subway or subway station at a given time.

  However, in this way, it is impossible to find people who stay in dangerous locations without permission, for example in tunnel systems outside the train or platform area (eg rail tunnels or route tunnels). . In the count of humans entering and exiting the (minority) prescribed doorway, whether people leave the vehicle, for example, get out of a window or pass through a gate that has been accidentally opened, and not through the doorway provided in some cases We cannot guarantee perception of the time. Thus, in the event of a crisis, it is impossible for rescue teams to accurately locate people and find people in a short time that can be decisive. For example, a preliminary warning can be issued if someone reaches an unsafely critical area in order to cause damage.

  In the case of vehicle traffic on the road, conventionally, the state of the road on which the vehicle driver is driving and the possibility of passage are predicted and the safety of passing through obstacles is not guaranteed, or If the state of the vehicle traveling ahead is not sufficient, it is assumed that the vehicle is stopped if necessary or the speed is reduced accordingly. In this case, the driving speed is adapted to the driver's visibility, the shape of the road (recognition, etc.), and other conditions (weather), which will affect the performance (capacity) of the road and the road / vehicle system. It is premised on minimizing and increasing the travel or travel time again.

  Assists drivers beyond their own visibility capabilities, both in traffic with vehicles coupled to rails and on roads, and freely informs drivers of road accessibility and certain speeds to some extent Technical assistance has been developed that initiates and implements (rail transport) and / or deceleration to zero, if necessary, without its assistance, and complies with safety intervals for preceding vehicles.

  These known means of traffic safety include, in traffic coupled to rails, in particular signal systems for route sections or block sections, systems such as INDUSI (guided train safety devices), LZB (continuous automatic train travel control). , Moving blocks (prior art, eg Magagary system with speed-based spacing control), electronic view travel. These systems recognize driving problems such as monitoring high temperature operation of motors and brakes, pressure drops, etc., and also provide messages to the driver or (especially in rail traffic) to drive the vehicle without driver assistance. Complemented and assisted by an internal recognition system that stops.

  These aforementioned systems, which are prior art, lack automatic fault recognition. The block free message usually relates to the preceding vehicle, but does not relate to the absence of obstacles on the route, i.e. no other objects presenting a safety risk of passing through. Neither the status of the asphalt or concrete runway, safety and the absence of obstacles can yet be automatically reported to individual vehicles.

  Improvement of the safety and performance of the route free message is necessary and preferable for the following reasons. In rail traffic, the moving mass is greater than in road traffic, the braking stroke will be longer depending on the system (steel wheel rail), and the driver will be able to Due to the change in direction of a given travel path, in some cases it is no longer possible to see through the line. Furthermore, the traveling speed on high speed lines is very high, so that a timely response based on the speed, the path passed during the human reaction time, and the braking stroke resulting from the speed is no longer possible.

  Automatic fault recognition that complements the route empty message (empty in front of the preceding vehicle or sufficient interval) is also necessary for the following reasons. Increasingly bad weather worldwide can lead to runway impediments. Problems such as traffic road crossings (also equally separated from), high roads and low road crossing bridges can occur. Intrusion of people and objects into the runway is possible. Unexpected action on the runway is known. The danger of terrorist activities is increasing. In this case, costly monitoring of the entire track area could be assisted electronically.

  Finally, very fast and sensitive monitoring by people on further routes of transportation infrastructure (high-speed rail, including the station and its access facilities, magnetic levitation rail) is no longer possible with camera display assistance using data remote transmission No, but this is because labor costs are too high. Even if it is economically effective to use people for this purpose, it does not make sense to monitor objects by image transmission for each video without the intelligence for the supervisor behind the video, The reason for this is that there are no obstacles in the specified place for months, possibly years, no accidents, no intentional disturbances, no terrorist acts, no known locations of obstacles on the route with many surveillance points. As a result, continuous observation of images that do not change for observers can lead to boredom and habituation, while hundreds of incidents occur in one of these many locations. There is a risk of catastrophe with victims.

  A constant scan of the track by the driver over a long time can also lead to habituation and carelessness, and in some cases even some coma (recognized from psychology). Even if it is assumed that a rapid passage of a line of sight, for example 350 km / h, is still controllable (only by human means), it is not possible to guarantee sufficient safety.

  Recently, intelligent image recognition systems have been developed that have artificial intelligence that can automatically recognize image changes, especially critical or dangerous changes, without any assistance from the observer, with very high reliability and trigger alarms, for example. . Thereby, at the same time, each activity defined by other electronic programs, such as, for example, deceleration or forced braking of a railway vehicle, can be activated.

  The object of the invention is in particular to provide a guidance system in which people can be detected in relation to individuals and in real time. In particular, an accurate count of mass transit passengers should be provided thereby. Depending on the location of the people, the system should be able to react flexibly to various conditions, and should simplify the rescue operation in the event of a catastrophe, for example. Similarly, the object should be automatically recognizable, especially if the object may affect the operation and safety of the transportation system.

  Furthermore, the problem of the present invention is that counting, monitoring and observation data are preferably automatically evaluated, preferably without human assistance, and the essential driving and safety functions of the traffic system are driving safety, human safety and The goal is to create a system that is automatically controlled to improve operating efficiency. In this case, the possibility of interference of the people responsible for the guidance center should not be ruled out, and the system should preferably operate without staffing.

  The purpose of the present invention is to control and protect the traffic system, control from the viewpoint of vehicle entry, inspection from the viewpoint of people control (automatic inspection of driving qualification until terrorism prevention), safety certification in case of catastrophe (chip) People's direction, guidance and discovery based on cards, etc.), and route checks in case of regular driving and catastrophe.

  The concept underlying the present invention is to provide automatic launch control related to the passenger volume of the vehicle as well as route monitoring with camera assistance. In this case, the camera assistance is structurally related to the existing partial technology of recognition of criminal behavior in public transportation to intelligent behavior such as fire and at the same time dangerous behavior (eg trunk with explosives etc.) It is also a safety monitor for infrastructure, stops, trains, etc. The system includes a form of runway safety.

  The intent of summarizing these various functions is also the multiple availability of devices for data acquisition (eg, cameras, sensors, etc.) and data output devices (eg, passenger information displays, speakers, etc.), and information technology infrastructure The use of a “backbone” for both, thereby further enabling the operation of a traffic system that saves people and providing various means for protection of the traffic system.

  The basis of the present invention is therefore a comprehensive guidance and safety system for transportation, in particular for complex mass transportation, in which case automatic counting of passengers, for example safety monitoring against fire, crime and terrorism, vehicles The use control of the individual components of the traffic system, such as trains, etc., passenger travel routes and automatic monitoring of information are functionally coupled to one another by a “backbone”, an electronic technical basis. The partial function of the system, which can be fully or partially integrated into the system and put into operation, preferably utilizes data lines to limit the costs incurred in large investments in information technology in transportation systems. In this case, it is preferable to check access to the means of transportation (eg biometrics), track passenger routes, automatic eviction from vehicles, trains or constructed infrastructure (eg in case of fire and catastrophe), automatic route monitoring. Additional elements such as preventing people from entering the areas necessary for driving, etc., and at the same time all kinds of passenger information and advertising to the safety and guidance system should be complemented.

  The present invention is directed to a control system related to passenger volume and safety parameters, which preferably integrates the functions of passenger guidance and passenger information, and at the same time can function without these functions.

  The concept of the present invention therefore consists of images and data of high resolution, preferably digital cameras, in particular video cameras, data of intelligent image recognition performed without electronic image processing and human assistance, movement and behavior patterns, rails or In this case, the three-dimensionality of parallel points on the roadway of the road infrastructure, as well as the detected data of waterways, landing runways, etc., are supplied to a system that generates electronic action instructions. The system assists other automatic or semi-automatic drivers, such as magnetic rail vehicles or means of transportation not coupled to the ground, or combined with the control of unmanned vehicles or means of transportation. In these vehicles, a movement operation that avoids the danger of traveling is activated, or in this case the system activates an alarm. To avoid or other danger.

  When practicing the present invention, when the system recognizes that the platform is full, it is important whether the forced braking required for safety reasons is triggered by the result of electronic imaging or by the preparation of another train. Not enough.

  One element of the present invention is the protection of the platform or runway in both the station area and the route area. This challenge is based on intelligent processing of digital images (as described below) in the platform area, and at the same time in the route area, through the recognition of illegal intruders via the transmitter and through processing of digital images of the route. In this case, the travel is stopped when the obstacles on the road are preferably automatically recognized or become recognizable by observation of the route image by people at the guidance center (forced braking) As described above, the above-described counting or running operation can be used.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a plurality of detection units comprising at least one means of transportation and / or at least one guide means for a person and a plurality of individual transmitters each dedicated to carrying by a person Each of the detection units includes a transmitter capable of transmitting a sign and a plurality of receiving devices for receiving the sign of the transmitter, wherein the receiving device is based on the received sign. Coupled to the detection unit and the guiding means, which can determine the speed and direction of movement of a person relative to one or more receiving devices based on a change in the position of the personal transmitter A central unit, wherein the detection unit is designated to calculate the number of people present in a specified spatial area at a specified time point, and A central unit for guiding at least one means of transportation for optimally transporting the detected person to or from a defined space area, the speed of the person, the direction of movement of the person and the There is provided a traffic guidance system capable of controlling the guidance means according to the number of persons existing in a prescribed space area at a prescribed time.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there are a plurality of detection units including at least one guide means for at least one means of transportation and an automatic ticket vending machine for boarding or admission tickets, the automatic ticket vending machine comprising: The position of a person can be determined on the basis of the position of the corresponding automatic ticket vending machine when purchasing a boarding ticket or an admission ticket, and the automatic ticket vending machine corresponds to the effective distance of the purchased ticket or corresponding In a traffic guidance system for calculating a destination and then determining an expected travel direction or an expected destination of a ticket purchaser, at least one guidance means for a person, the detection unit, and the at least one A central unit coupled to the guide means for one traffic and the guide means for the at least one person, the detection unit being defined at a specified time Specified to calculate the number of people present in the inter-region, and the central unit guides at least one means of transportation for optimally transporting the detected person to or from the prescribed spatial region In order to do so, it is possible to control the traffic guiding means according to the speed of the person, the direction of movement of the person and the number of persons existing in the specified space area at the specified time, and in the specified space area In order to optimally distribute the detected persons, a traffic guidance system is provided that can control the guidance means.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a traffic guidance system having at least one guidance means for at least one transportation means, at least one guidance means for a person, a plurality of detection units, and image taking A plurality of detection units including a device, wherein the imaging device can determine the position and / or speed of a person or a person carried by a person inside a detection area of the corresponding imaging device, and A detection unit designated to calculate the number of persons present in a specified spatial region at a specified time, said detection unit, said at least one traffic guiding means and said at least one person's A central unit coupled to the guide means for the central unit to define the detected person from or from a defined spatial region Depending on the number of persons present in the specified space area at a specified time as well as the position of the object carried by the person in order to guide at least one means of transportation for optimal transport to the space area Depending on the speed and / or speed, the guide means for the at least one traffic can be controlled, and the guide means can be controlled in order to optimally distribute the persons detected in the defined spatial region. A traffic guidance system is provided.
According to one aspect of the present invention, according to one aspect of the present invention, the position of people and objects in a limited space area can be detected by a detection unit, and people are guided in a desired direction, and transportation is guided and In particular, it is solved by a guide system for mass transit means that can control various guide means according to their position. In this case, as guidance for people and at least one means of transportation within the scope of the present invention, it should also be understood that the means of transportation used for the transportation of people are guided or controlled. In this case, accurate monitoring of the possible people (flows) should be largely utilized in accordance with the present invention. Once acquired, the data can be usefully utilized for another recalled task of people and transportation control and guidance. Furthermore, safety can be enhanced by various reaction means inside and outside the system.

  In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a traffic guidance system is provided. The system according to the invention comprises at least one means of transportation and / or at least one guiding means for people, a plurality of detection units and a central unit. The central unit is coupled to the detection unit and the guiding means, which can be done via wired communication or wireless communication. The detection unit is designated to calculate the number of people present in a specified spatial region at a specified time. Depending on the number of persons in question, the central unit can control the guiding means such that optimal transport of detected people from or to the defined spatial area is achieved. In other words, the transportation means can be controlled so that the desired optimum transportation can be achieved. Thus, the system according to the invention makes it possible to achieve very good use of e.g. stations / platforms, traffic systems and vehicles, by allowing each to achieve a suitable transport capacity (frequency, train length, etc.) . This reduces the waiting or stopping time of the means of transportation, avoids traffic jams and makes better use of the corresponding access path, and so on. The detection that is possible for individuals according to the present invention can show images of people's place of stay at each predetermined time, so that users of the system according to the present invention can occur, for example, in a short-distance traffic association It is much more flexible in dealing with diverse situations. The present invention is generally appropriate in each case where a desired flexible transportation of people in a defined area is to be achieved. For the operator, cost benefits and operational safety improvements are achieved, while for people, ie users, a clear improvement in comfort, including rapid transit, is achieved. At the same time, vehicle entry is sharply controlled when needed, i.e. only the capabilities that are actually needed are activated. When the reason for shutting down appears, the system automatically issues a command and all system responses that contribute to safety are thereby activated without delay.

  It is preferred that the central unit can control the guiding means so that the detected people are optimally distributed in a defined spatial area and are further transported efficiently and quickly in the traffic system. This is especially true for large events where a large number of people gather, and at the same time catastrophic events such as fires, etc. Can be resolved as quickly as possible. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the trains thrown by the system can be easily fielded for the next people inundation so that the platform can be cleared up more quickly. If the traffic operator puts additional trains on different tracks, people can be properly guided to these sections. In the event of a trade show, etc., it is possible or better to guide participants who are inundated. This makes better use of existing spaces, such as platforms, and can therefore cope well with the larger flow of people in the “chaotic” distribution. The capacity of existing routes can be decisively enhanced by the system, avoiding expensive new construction or expansion (tunnel construction work, land burden, etc.) and saving significant costs.

  In unmanned and / or automatic, preferably rail-guided traffic systems, it is possible to use, for example, count data and the resulting calculations to organize additional vehicles or automatically activate the inputs of these vehicles. preferable. Similarly, if the passenger volume is small, the vehicle can be automatically removed from the circulation or added.

  The detection unit includes an automatic ticket vending machine for boarding or admission tickets. In this case, the automatic ticket vending machine can determine the position of a person based on the position of the corresponding automatic ticket vending machine when purchasing the boarding or admission ticket. preferable. Automatic ticket vending machines are already part of each transport industry association and are only partially attached to the vehicle at the same time at the station, thus providing for the corresponding use of automatic ticket vending machines. Even if position detection is essentially limited to the time of purchase of a ticket, this simple embodiment of the present invention easily provides essential advantages. Position detection can also be performed, for example, by automated ticket machines, ticket gates, and by escalators and stairs in train passages and / or train doors, and transmission / reception devices in elevators.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the automatic ticket vending machine is equipped with a device capable of interrogating a traveler's biometric characteristics. Ticket vending machines should preferably be linked to a data bank by a data line, which checks to see if there is anything that would make the traveler abandon the trip for the traveler. Is done. Another variant that may be preferred is that the center produces annual tickets, monthly tickets or other commuter tickets that contain biometric data and / or these cards are issued by automatic ticket machines. Yes, where the card issuance as well as the ticket vending machine can be linked online with a data bank, for example to evaluate the biometric data of the person known or searched for in relation. As a result, it is possible to refuse the issuance of a card to such a person and therefore the use of the transportation system. As biometric features, for example, fingerprints, iris recognition through the camera built in the display of an automatic ticket vending machine, and the shape of the hand and its lines are applied. Since access testing to the transportation system is preferred, fingerprinting seems to be the preferred solution to be pursued further.

  The issued card contains, for example, both (preferably) biometric data recorded or programmed on a chip or magnet piece, and some kind of “pad”, preferably a micro-reader. Scans biometric features, preferably fingerprints or fingertip structures, refers to mathematical parameters, compares them with programmed parameters, ie cards equipped with non-contact functions (transponders etc.) Allows entrance only to people with the same biometric characteristics at the entrance gate to an inspection point, for example a subway or railroad (gateway device), which this person will have at the time of obtaining the card at the time of inspection This is because the same finger is used to touch the card (see above). Once again clearly described here, the transportation system can be separated without delaying driving simultaneously by separating the search of the data bank and the time-saving one-to-one inspection at the entrance to the transportation means or platform itself. The inspection process can be corrected to the extent that it provides a high level of safety.

  In this case, the following functional method has priority. A person with a card requests access to the transportation system. The inspection point device asks the following questions: Do the mathematical parameters of the biometric data on the chip match the mathematical parameters of the read operator's biometry? If they match, admission is allowed, and if they do not match, admission is denied.

  In addition, the ticket vending machine can calculate the effective distance of the purchased ticket or the corresponding destination and then determine the expected travel direction or the expected destination of the ticket purchaser, and the central unit can It is preferable that the guide means can be controlled in accordance with the moving direction. Automatic ticket vending machines can easily calculate the effective range when issuing a ticket, for example two stations of a system divided into rings or a specified ring, and in more advanced variants the exact destination of the ticket can be determined. It can be calculated. From this, it is possible to draw inductive inference in the expected direction in which the purchaser of the corresponding ticket moves. For example, if a large number of tickets are purchased in a certain time range to a specified destination or with a specified reach, the traffic operator may enter additional trains to avoid possibly impending stagnation. Can do. In this case, the effective reach along with the known location of each automatic ticket vending machine is sufficient for estimation.

  According to the present invention, the system is preferably capable of making a decision automatically or creating an instruction corresponding to the vehicle operator. A passenger who obtains a ticket having a reach to ring 3 at the automatic ticket machine of ring 1 is expected to go into the area of ring 3. This information can be used effectively to detect and respond to anticipated demands on the traffic system. Gathering information about travel wishes and the next evaluation of demand is already prior art (US Pat. No. 4,092,718), automatic activation of travel instructions related to count data or complex calculation models, subway stops An incoming vehicle for transit traffic, such as a bus that discharges passengers at a station and integrates other traffic sources, is preferred according to the present invention and is provided as a solution for demand-related automated travel organization.

  The system according to the invention can be used either automatically or unmanned systems, in particular by recommendations to the operator or by automatic activation of driving instructions for additional trains and automatic addition of additional trains to the traffic system / traffic network. To control. This combination serves to achieve the optimal goal of the intended meaning according to the invention of existing traffic guidance and safety systems. This is the optimal use of existing infrastructure built in terms of performance maximization with existing architectural means and existing vehicle trains, because the guidance electronics for transportation systems In any case, it is cheaper than new vehicle construction or procurement.

  Preferably, the detection unit includes an access inspection device, and the access inspection device can determine the position of the person based on the position of the access inspection device traversed. Such access inspection devices are often already present at stations or the like, or can be retrofitted easily and inexpensively, such as light gates, revolving gates, and electrically operated doors. From the position of the corresponding access inspection device, the position of the person corresponding to a certain passage time can be calculated. In this case, in particular, it is preferred that the system is designed beyond the normal technical state of the ticket gates so that unwanted traffic is denied access to the traffic system for safety reasons.

  Furthermore, as long as the limits of increased capacity and reduced travel time are achieved by passenger guidance, with the same database and the same calculation program, further vehicle provisioning, preferably the infrastructure allows automatic unmanned operation It is preferred to automatically activate a vehicle or railcar guided by a gauge that can be turned on and function without further human assistance.

  Preferably, the access inspection device can further determine the direction of passage through the corresponding access inspection device, and the central unit can control the guiding means according to this direction of movement. This information is very useful because it is just important to recognize whether people enter or leave the station. This can be achieved, for example, by a “one-way function” access inspection device only in the direction to the rotating gate to be traversed, or by a double light gate or the like. From this calculated direction information, valuable data for controlling the guiding means can be obtained.

  The detection unit includes an imaging device, in which case the imaging device can determine the position and / or speed of a person or an object carried by a person within the detection area of the corresponding imaging device and the central unit It is preferable that the guide means can be controlled according to the position or speed. Therefore, it is possible to calculate how people and accompanying objects move by, for example, known computer-controlled image processing (object recognition, face recognition, etc.).

  Because video surveillance is frequently used, it is very advantageous to use video surveillance for counting within the framework of the present invention. In this case, it is preferable to be able to automatically pursue in the background whether or not people will carry additional objects when entering the subway station, or will alarms be triggered immediately via intelligent background software? Or another action can be directed (eg eviction). The image capture device is preferably combined with a recognition system that allows the person to be recognized again or the sought-after person to be filtered from the human flow.

  Furthermore, the detection unit has a plurality of individual transmitters, each dedicated to carrying by a person, in which case each transmitter can transmit a sign and a plurality of receiving devices for receiving the sign of the transmitter And that the receiving device can determine the position of the person based on the reception of the sign. This allows non-contact detection of people's position, which still surpasses the above-mentioned variation with regard to accuracy (location and especially in time). In principle, the position can be calculated at any time, not just when crossing a gate or purchasing a ticket. This achieves an even more accurate response to changes in conditions such as traffic systems.

  The transmitter is preferably incorporated into the boarding or admission ticket. Since such cards must be obtained by passengers or visitors, it is of course considered preferable to incorporate these cards.

  The card preferably contains the biometric data of the carrier. Both cards associated with individuals and cards not associated with individuals can include so-called “pads” or fields, on top of which, upon purchase, for example upon removal of a ticket from an automatic ticket machine Biometric information, preferably fingerprints, is stored. When passing through the ticket gate or whenever it is required, the stored biometric information must be the same as the biometric information at the time of purchase by the card holder. This means that between the purchase of the right to use the means of transportation and the ride of the means of transportation, for example at the train or platform door, at the same time, on the means of transportation, which is coupled to the ground or not. It is particularly advantageous if a re-examination of the traveler's identity must be performed. The combination of biometric feature questions possible with a ticket is described further above (rapid access check for metro systems) and is preferred. This is shown separately in FIG.

  It is preferable that the receiving device can determine the moving direction of the person based on the change in the position of the transmitter, and the central unit can control the guide means according to the moving direction. The advantages of calculating the direction of movement have already been mentioned, and of course, detection using a transmitter allows detection that is essentially more accurate than the previously described variant.

  The receiving device can preferably determine the speed of the person relative to one or more receiving devices based on a change in the position of the transmitter, and the central unit can control the guiding means according to the direction of movement. The speed calculation allows for a known situation and early system interference with known directions. For example, if it is recognized that a large number of people enter a station and walk fast in the direction of a specified trajectory, the elevators, escalators, etc. can be switched so as to avoid congestion as much as possible. Furthermore, with reference to the speed, it is possible to determine the time for the human to reach the platform, and as a result, preparation of additional trains and the like can be performed in real time as much as possible. This is done automatically according to the invention. The software required for this is each adapted to the corresponding structural infrastructure. In this case, according to the present invention, it is preferable to observe the principles described.

  The preparation of the additional train is preferably performed automatically. The data obtained from the system according to the invention is transmitted to the control unit of the traffic system, where the control unit instructs the controller to make recommendations to the driver or to issue an automatic unmanned system, or Preferably, it automatically and independently activates the corresponding travel command of the unmanned train. Similarly, given the network configuration of escalators, elevators, etc., data materials can be obtained on multiple available trains, which can be used for automatic train control and for elevator equipment, escalators, rotating belts and other equipment. Information regarding maintenance is generated and transferred to a corresponding data processing facility (especially for activation of repair instructions, for example).

  That is, instead of a fixed time interval in which the wear and tear that occurs is not considered in some cases, maintenance of, for example, an escalator (which does not operate continuously), for example, can be accurately planned after a specified elapsed time or operating time. This provides the operator with a decisive contribution to the improvement of expensive “facility management” in the transportation system and saves the operator costs, thereby contributing to the amortization of the entire system.

  The personal transmitter sign preferably includes a unique identification of the person. In this case, in particular, a boarding ticket such as a monthly or annual card that is not divertable is conceivable. In the case of an inspection by a station employee, the qualification of the person carrying the corresponding card can be checked. Identification can be done according to existing data protection rules or other criteria of the operator, for example so that the cardholder (customer number at the traffic operator etc.) can be calculated only by the corresponding digits from the identification. Personalized boarding qualifications also help to eliminate crime, unsafety, destruction, etc. in public transportation systems, and these issues will certainly have a significant impact on traffic system perception and subjective safety feel.

  The personal transmitter sign includes validity information, where the validity information preferably indicates a permitted time interval, a permitted spatial area or a mileage or route. This is particularly useful for storing, for example, on the card the month on which the ticket is valid, along with the areas where travel is permitted. This makes it possible to calculate what validity the card detected by the system has without contact. The transmission of information can be performed by a technique such as a transponder or the like which is a conventional technique (particularly referred to in German Patent No. 20202616).

  The central unit preferably controls the guiding means based on validity information so that people can be carried away or away from unacceptable spatial areas. This is particularly useful for certain types of access checks, i.e., for example, gates in a stadium area, after the expected maximum number of visitors have entered the area. From this point on, this area can be occupied and the guidance means can display that the visitor is directed to another empty area.

  Furthermore, control instructions for all types of lighting fixtures or display boards are preferably generated, such as the automatic generation of announcements or instructions by speakers for people making conventional manual types of announcements. It is particularly preferred that the above properties contribute to the protection of public spaces and transportation systems from terrorist attacks.

  Preferably, the receiving device can detect time intervals, mileage or route exceeded or entry into unauthorized space areas, and the central unit can output a message about the resulting excess. This allows for the detection of unauthorized passengers on rail vehicles and at the same time the detection of people who are likely to accidentally or intentionally enter the blocked area. The system operator can respond appropriately. Furthermore, it is preferred that the guidance system according to the invention automatically activates an alarm and / or initiates an action.

  The central unit is preferably capable of calculating the movement pattern of people from the position, speed and / or direction of movement and controlling the guiding means based on this movement pattern or outputting a message about the appearance of a defined movement pattern. Unusual or problematic movement patterns can be recognized early and can be responded to by control or trigger an alarm. For example, if a large number of people do not move in the direction of the incoming train, or move only slowly, but each person moves very quickly towards the vehicle, this is most likely a suicide attempt. The train brakes are applied via the control unit. On the other hand, for example, if one person carries a trunk, but the trunk is left while this person is away, this can be assumed to be possession of a bomb. For the inspection by the person in charge, the eviction of the area can be instructed, as for example automatic adjustment of the corresponding record of the video surveillance equipment.

  In accordance with the present invention, the system may, for example, automatically train a train occupied by passengers, for example, so that the train no longer enters a station where the trunk was individually discovered by the video system or for other alarm reasons. It is preferable to control. On the other hand, if the above-mentioned trunk or other alarm basis is found locally, for example in the area of the access path to the platform or in the area to be evicted, an empty train to quickly evict people It may be preferable to have the platform on the platform. As with tickets, as long as it is possible to equip a baggage with a transmitter according to the present invention, it is possible to track the baggage just like people, for example with an airplane cargo trailer.

  The guiding means preferably includes an optical guiding means, an acoustic guiding means, a blocking or releasing means, an escalator, a conveyor belt, a vehicle elevator or control means, in particular a control means coupled to a rail. The optical guide means can be, for example, a variable light marker, a signal lamp or the like. Optical guidance means also include traffic lights for both vehicles and people. The acoustic guidance means may be a speaker or the like. Speaker equipment with automatic announcements stored in a passenger information computer or other location is also included. As the shut-off and release means, for example, a controllable gate, for example a rotating gate, can be considered. These and other above-mentioned means can be advantageously controlled by the system according to the invention in order to achieve the described advantages. Some of these means can be utilized within the framework of the system according to the invention as long as they already exist in each transport system and can be controlled by the central unit.

A vehicle coupled to the rail is naturally preferred because it can be most easily guided in the desired direction, for example by means of a switch point. The system can be attached to the control of an automatic train system, and the system can be envisaged to interfere with train control or means of transport control, in particular "steering", i.e. control of the input of trains and means of transport . This includes the train length or the size of the means of transportation (the means of organizing the means of transportation) , the frequency, the travel route and direction and the train entry in relation to the train destination. The system can be used to control acceleration or deceleration of transportation. By “train” is understood an underground or elevated railway road coupled to a rail, such as a subway or streetcar, but the present invention can also be utilized in connection with buses and other vehicles. The present invention can also be used for simplification of people guidance and for example to improve the safety of airfields.

  The traffic guidance system can be configured for data communication with the traffic control unit so that a traffic mode unit per time unit can be added to or removed from the system if necessary. preferable. Furthermore, it is preferred that the traffic guidance system be able to perform these enhancements or reductions automatically (without the help of people) during automatic control of the means of transportation.

According to another aspect, there is provided a guidance and safety system for a complex traffic system comprising a route section having a traffic route, a transportation means operating in this route section, and an access device for the transportation means. Guidance and safety systems
Monitoring means for the route section;
Monitoring means for means of transportation;
A control unit coupled with the monitoring means for processing the data derived from the monitoring means relating to the current transportation demand and all safety related accidents of the means of transportation in the road and the access device and correspondingly controlling the means of transportation When,
Output means as an interface with the inspector and / or as an interface with the passengers for outputting instructions for driving during transportation or in case of emergency.

  Access devices for transportation means or transportation systems include, for example, stations, simultaneously access passages, stairs, elevators and the like. Output means as an interface or intersection with the inspector (preferably on the operator's side) as long as necessary for optimizing driving of the means of transportation or in case of emergency cooperation (eg instructions for self-rescue) It is also provided as an interface with passengers.

  According to another aspect, a system for automatically driving a means of transportation and a transportation system, in particular a means of transportation coupled to a rail, which has a potential risk with respect to the arrangement in the transportation system and its access path A system is provided that automatically recognizes all parameters that selectively interfere with driving and its safety, such as passenger volume generated, person or object, and automatically recognizes the pattern into the control part of the traffic system Is done.

  The traffic system is preferably an open system and / or includes mixed traffic. A closed transportation system is a subway, a steel railway or a magnetic railway, for example, with a defined number of means of transportation on a running track that is not accessible to other means of transportation. In contrast, systems with open systems or mixed traffic (roads that are used almost universally for streetcars and cars / trucks) also have access paths that are accessible to various modes of transportation (also personal traffic), in this case The specified number of means of transportation does not operate on the road. This makes it possible to utilize this embodiment for open systems and / or such open systems with mixed traffic in order to increase operating efficiency and safety.

  Additional means for recognizing obstacles from the means of transportation and from points outside the roadway may be provided to expand the limit of visibility possibilities constrained by vehicle points and to recognize three-dimensional space. Preferably, in this case, the means for fault recognition is combined with the driving control part of the traffic system functionally and generating control commands. With this embodiment, the boundaries of human sensations associated with the control of the means of transportation can be expanded, i.e. before the vehicle driver can normally recognize obstacles, or the obstacles are essentially for the vehicle driver. Even if you cannot see through (behind the curve, etc.), you can recognize obstacles.

  Further advantages, features and applicability of the present invention will be understood from the following description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

  The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention are described below with reference to applications presented as non-limiting examples.

  A simple embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The station comprises a stop area 10, for example a hall, and a platform 12. From the outside, the left and right doors 34 lead into the station. The passenger is shown as circle 2. Three escalators 6 communicate with the platform 12 from the front space 10. A plurality of automatic ticket vending machines 40 are installed at the station. Similarly, the automatic ticket vending machine 40 can naturally be attached to a vehicle, that is, to a subway or the like (not shown). When a passenger acquires a ticket with an automatic ticket vending machine, the guidance system according to the present invention can recognize that a person is in the area of the automatic ticket vending machine. Furthermore, the guidance system can recognize where the passenger wants to go based on information related to the ticket supplied by the automatic ticket vending machine. This can be done differently and accurately depending on the information from the ticket. In the simple case this would be, for example, one mileage, eg 3 rings, 4 stations, or 1 area (fare section). In another variant, the ticket is unique, i.e. it could clearly indicate the destination. From these destination data, the system can infer that the passenger wants to go to one place, perhaps more accurately known depending on the type of destination data. Prior art U.S. Pat. No. 4,092,718 partially describes this for vehicles that are not guided by a gauge, in which case the instructions generated there go to the driver of the vehicle, but automatically Unattended driving cannot be activated or controlled. Thus, information about a large number of passengers can provide images of the number of people who want to stay in a defined area and possibly go to another area. In other words, in the case of large events, during weekends or other transport system accidents, such as accidents in a specified route section, many people get a ticket for a specified destination at the same time, and as a result When a passenger takes a shelter route, the system allows the traffic operator to react adaptively to changing conditions, for example, to add additional trains. According to the invention, this is preferably done fully automatically.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The station of FIG. 2 is equipped with an access test 42 that can detect and count people entering or leaving a defined area (hall, platform). In this case, the access inspection device 42 is preferably arranged in a range such as a door or an escalator entrance. This is interrupted, for example, by a light gate and at the same time by other devices, for example by people walking above it, so that the light sensor in the ceiling measures the darkness and from this infers the number of people Can be achieved by a light plate.

  Alongside this, in an equivalent way, infrared sensors, motion sensors, light gates, count sensors, computer-controlled video image determination of surveillance cameras used to acquire these information or specially equipped for this purpose A simple camera (such as video image extraction) can be used. The direction, i.e. whether one person enters or leaves the station, can be achieved by appropriate implementation of access checks (double light gates, ticket gates that can only pass in one direction, etc.). Detection with respect to a person is achieved with a suitable device, for example using a personalized ticket with an RFID chip. In this case, according to the present invention, the access check is also replenished with a device that is not primarily used for the access check, for example, a device that detects a stepping into the station, to It should be pointed out that a device that should detect people's transition between compartments can be included. For simplicity, such devices are integrated under the term access check. Such a device, for example a light gate, can be suitably obtained and installed and the installation location can be chosen very flexibly, so that the flow of the passenger is never obstructed.

  Automatic determination of video images (by image processing, abstraction, etc.) should also preferably be used for data acquisition. Cameras and data lines are used anyway for enhanced surveillance and needs for traffic facilities. In this case, both the infrastructure, ie the building for filling and emptying the means of transportation and the means of transportation itself, have a monitoring device that is simultaneously a counting and danger recognition device, in this case a wireless interface, an infrared interface, a wireless Real-time (online) transmission over a LAN or similar transmission technology is a component of the system shown here. Of course, another possibility for an access inspection device that is a somewhat major obstacle to the large flow of people would be a device or door similar to a gate that opens for passengers only after receipt of a valid ticket. On the other hand, such a block / release device provides more accurate controllability for the traffic operator (blocking the station after the end of operation, etc.). For complete understanding, it is pointed out that prescribed smart card systems and contactless or “touchless” systems are prior art that can possibly also recognize the cardholder's direction of travel. In addition, by means of a plurality of sensors in space, i.e. the geometry of the receiver and the movement of the respective transmitter relative to the receiver, the recognition of the direction of movement and the corresponding data pulses that can be transferred to the control part of the system. Generation can take place. If the data of the system required for the function according to the invention is useful for the function or can refine the result of the function, as long as these data are known in the prior art, but as long as they are useful, the system Preferably different from the prior art, in particular, for example, US Pat. No. 4,092,718, to be able to function for the input of passengers in a ticket vending machine, so that it is necessary for the function according to the invention independently of the assistance of the passengers themselves. It is supplementarily pointed out that the data of this system is acquired.

  A particularly preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention in a station is shown in FIG. The station comprises a stop area 10, for example a hall, and a platform 12. From the outside, the left and right doors 34 lead into the station. The passenger is shown as circle 2. Three escalators 6 communicate with the platform 12 from the front space 10. In order to receive a signal from a transmitter (not shown) carried by the passenger 2, a plurality of receiving devices 44 are distributed and installed in the stations. Similarly, the receiving device 44 can naturally be attached to a vehicle, that is, to a subway or the like (not shown). The (limited) coverage of the receiving device 44, which may more or less partially overlap, forms a kind mobile telephone system comparable to certain cell systems. Therefore, the position of the individual passenger's transmitter can be calculated more or less accurately as required by techniques well known in the same field (measurement of stay in the passenger compartment or signal reception in multiple passenger compartments). Position determination). In the example shown here, a large number of people 2 shown on the right side enter the station. The system detects the number of these people as well as their direction of movement, and from that direction of guessing that a person is going to the platform, means that all of the passengers do not reach the right platform area. Take.

  For this reason, the right escalator 6 can be shut off or at least strongly decelerated or run in the opposite direction, while the central escalator is run at maximum speed. This prevents many or all passengers from reaching the platform 12 via the right escalator 6 and filling this area too much. Thus, a better distribution of humans on the platform is achieved. In the example shown, if a fully-occupied train enters at the same time, there is a further problem of separating passengers who get off from passengers who want to get on as much as possible in order to avoid congestion and thus time loss. That is, when the system recognizes that a large number of people are flowing to the platform on the right side, as in this case, the left escalator 6 can be moved from the platform 12 toward the front space 10, optically and By means of acoustic guidance (not shown here, see therefore FIGS. 4 and 5), passengers getting off can be guided in the direction of the left exit of the station. This effectively prevents collisions between passengers getting off and boarding passengers, trains can depart again faster and more passengers are transported in the same time interval.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows another embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a plurality of transmitters 32, a plurality of receivers 44, and a central unit 20, here integrated into two different objects (tickets or name tags). The central unit 20 is coupled to a receiving device 44. Various guiding elements can be connected to the central unit 20, which in the example shown here is an optical display means, for example a light table 24 with a controllable display, an acoustic guiding means 26. Control means 60 for e.g. notification loudspeakers and mechanical shut-off or release elements 28, e.g. electrically controlled pass-through or elevator doors or closable walk-through ticket gates, and in particular transport means, i.e. control of e.g. subway rail systems Possible point and / or signaling device. The transmitter 32 can be an RFID chip. In this case, it should be noted that in order for the receiving device 44 to normally operate the passive RFID chip, it also has a normal transmission capability, so that this receiving device emits their corresponding indicators. The coupling of the receiving device 44 with the guiding means 24, 26, 28 and the central unit 20 can be both wired and wireless. Via a central computer, the corresponding vehicle capacity is supplied according to the invention with the required length, space capacity and driving frequency.

  The system shown provides various means for guiding and guiding people or the flow of people. In the following, this will be explained with respect to a railway or subway system, but many other applications are considered, such as other mass transit means, leisure parks, underground parking lots and the like. For example, on a large event day, the system can be controlled so that passengers are preferably guided to the event location. With announcements by light signs and speakers, passengers can be directed to the shortest traffic route to this location. Passengers can also be guided to trains that carry in or out a large number of people at the station. This is particularly advantageous at complex intersections of multiple subway lines in various aspects, such as found in London, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo or Munich, for example. Optimal, i.e. as uniform train occupancy as possible, can be achieved by the system.

  For this reason, it is detected whether there are more people in one boarding area or train area or fewer people in the other area. With this information as a reference, the system is then controlled so that access to an already full or overfilled area is preferably blocked while the person is still directed towards the empty area. In addition, this is associated with automatic provision of train capacity. The system design according to the present invention enables efficient management in the event of a mass transit system failure. Passengers can be efficiently routed to other routes where capacity is automatically increased, for example due to a blocked line or a blocked station for reasons of alarm, or on an alternative track It is automatically turned, so it is distributed and guided efficiently with assistance. This can be done by acoustic indications by means of an optical indicator, or the corresponding access passage can be blocked or at least more difficult to pass. If the platform is equipped with access through the front, center and rear, for example via three escalators, the escalator can be controlled to achieve the desired person flow or passenger distribution. If the front platform area is already full, the system recognizes this and, for example, the escalator leading to this area is shut off or rotated in the opposite direction. This encourages passengers to use two other escalators and effectively prevents over-crowding of the front platform area. The same applies to elevators, automatic doors, etc. that can be selectively blocked or opened.

  In escalators, elevators or conveyor belts, this allows the direction to be reversed to avoid using too many people with bands in undesirable directions, and the speed can be adapted to these devices. it can. For example, if a full train arrives and a certain area must be quickly cleared or evictions must be made, the transportation means can be accelerated. On the other hand, if the existing super-fullness of the area does not worsen further, the vehicle can be slowed down, resulting in a uniformly distributed time for humans. Further, according to the present invention, the person responsible for automatically managing or entrusting the overall capacity of a complex transportation system is assisted effectively and in a time-saving manner (see FIG. 6). And FIG. 10).

  FIG. 5 shows a situation where the system according to the invention can be assisted in order to achieve a uniform distribution of passengers on the platform 12 and the train 14. As can be seen here, the first vehicle of the train 14 is already fully occupied, and more passengers 2 are standing to ride in this area. The system of the present invention now recognizes this condition and switches the escalator leading to the overcrowded area to the direction of travel to the station area 10, that is, the direction of travel away from the platform 12. People who go in the direction of the train in the station area 10 and would normally easily use the nearest escalator will thus be guided in this way and make use of other escalators leading to the platform 12. A broken arrow indicates the desired direction of travel of the passenger. Of course, the desired effect is not only effected by the direction of travel of the escalator, but according to the invention, the passenger should be guided in the desired direction by the optical and acoustic guiding means 24,26. . That is, in particular, it should be guided by, for example, a variably controllable light indicator or display table and optionally also by a corresponding automatic speaker announcement.

  In this case, visually impaired people can also be taken into account, for example, in the same way as traffic signal lights equipped with acoustic signal sensors, such people can be shown a way in a defined direction. In order to prevent a visually impaired person from accidentally entering an escalator that travels in the wrong travel direction, a traffic signal light, for example, can be provided at the entrance to the escalator. In the most preferred embodiment, a ticket associated with one such person's individual can be provided with a corresponding sign, so that the system can be used on a staircase or the like that the disabled person accidentally rotates around. Recognize when approaching.

  FIG. 6 shows an overall view of a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention. This figure shows a combination of the various individual components already described. FIG. 6 counts with additional information from, for example, the video monitoring unit 54 / computer-controlled image processing unit 56 for the monitoring unit 118 and the people guidance units 112, 114 and the control units 106, 76, 78 of the transportation means 14. It shows how various individual measures can be combined into one overall system for using data acquired from 110 through the central unit 20. Control is performed via the central unit 20 using the control means 60. In this case, the control can be targeted for increase (towing additional vehicles), disconnection or route guidance (point locations, etc.) 76, or vehicle control, i.e. Depending on the specifications, deceleration, acceleration, etc. can be performed. Reference numeral 112 indicates a guidance instruction for sectors in the station (to passengers), while 114 indicates a guidance instruction for sectors inside the vehicle. Such sector guidance instructions include automatic speaker announcements, images, controlled colored floors, ceilings, walls, etc. by using light (curtains), train destination indicators ZZA and other displays Can be done by. The central unit 20 controls the escalator / walking belt and elevator based on the detailed data 102, and for example controls the platform door 104. Dashed lines indicate safety-related functions that can be alarmed in problematic situations 116, together utilizing the technical infrastructure of guidance functions. Video surveillance images and recordings are provided 108 to a steering center or central guidance center. Monitoring 118 can then be performed automatically and simultaneously by the operator. The count 110 is carried out in this drawing by the access checking device 42 in the entrance area and also on the vehicle 14, for example by the video surveillance 54, preferably likewise by movement of the transmitter in the ticket 58 through the system b) Or a) when a ticket 58 is purchased in an automatic ticket machine. With constant feedback 100, the effect of measures in the system is constantly monitored. Here it is not shown that the possibility of operator interference with the system, in particular the central unit 20, can of course be maintained.

  7a, 7b and 7c show three variants of platform passenger guidance. In this case, in order to achieve optimal vehicle occupancy, in particular people guidance is shown. Based on the data obtained in accordance with the present invention regarding the density of people in a defined area, the person should be guided so that he will go to the part of the vehicle that is preferably not so occupied. In FIG. 7a, this is achieved by a corresponding display, for example a light beacon, or a display of various technologies such as LED, LCD, TFT, plasma, etc. FIG. 7b shows the light field provided for this by the shape (arrows / beams) or by various colored fields (eg red / green). FIG. 7c shows a light curtain for this purpose, for example by various color light curtains or suitable individual on / off segments. The light curtain can appear linearly at the edge of the platform or it can illuminate a defined surface of the platform from above or diagonally from above.

  FIG. 8 shows how a ticket for a system according to the invention can be equipped with a magnet piece 50 as well as a “pad” 52. The pad 52 is used to record the card purchaser's fingerprint so that these biometric data can be checked later, i.e. whether the carrier is the original purchaser of the card. Can be checked. This is done, for example, by instructing the purchaser to place his thumb on the “pad” 52 when operating the ticket. The magnet piece 50 can be used to record various data, and the magnet piece is a conventional type and therefore will not be described further. The function according to the invention of the 1: 1 adjustment of the card and the access qualifications provided thereby, i.e. the release of, for example, a ticket gate or a person's personalization facility can be carried out without contact, e.g. transponder technology, radio etc. it can. In this case, the conventional technique can be used. Since each inspection device emits a lot of energy or pulses at the ticket gate, it is considered that the card is excited by the function of the ticket gate and does not need to supply its own energy.

  FIG. 9 shows a typical use of the system according to the invention for guiding platform passengers in order to achieve optimal allocation of vehicles and reduction of downtime. In this example, acoustic means are shown, but optical means or a combination of both means are conceivable.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the system according to the present invention. In this case, the result of the automatic passenger count 110 is connected to the system control unit (included as “guidance means” in the description of another figure) via the vehicle operation function 120 that depends on the traffic volume. Also, commands or guidance commands are processed as important elements in the computer unit 20 in order to operate the automatic system and train control.

  Even though the core system of columns 110, 20, 120, 60 can function without a combined partial system (which can also include a human guidance system according to EP 094527B1) Be more efficient with this system. The towed monitoring systems 54 and 108 can dramatically increase the safety of the traffic system, which is preferable especially considering the threat of public mass transit systems. In this case, in the sense of the present invention, the form of automatic monitoring of stations and trains (especially via a known electronic recognition system for intelligent processing of digital camera images) is novel and this between the recognition device and train control. Preferred over combination.

  Various means can be used for automatic counting, such as light gates, weight comparisons, radar and infrared measurements, video images (B454) that are simultaneously processed into count data by a program connected behind. These images are used at the same time to improve and stop the safety of the traffic system (108) against criminal activity. In connection with the combination of functions described above, the multiple availability according to the invention of the IT infrastructure (data lines like terminal devices) is also used.

  Count data is a biometric card system with appropriate output terminals 121 for passengers / occupants when multiple companies provide or operate transportation system services (economically independent) (software for fare revenue distribution 122) It can also be used as a charge calculation related to the distance associated with 58 as well as for the charge calculation under the operator of the transport itself.

  Video images can be recorded for prosecution, law enforcement and research purposes (recording media for prosecution and subsequent plans 123), and erasures after a period of time can be displayed by law (124). . Cards and biometry can increase safety as well, or generally prohibit access to defined people (eg, suspicious people around terrorists) (121 associated with 58).

  The passenger guidance system according to EP 09541527 B1 (Rauch) can likewise be connected to the system according to the invention, such as the passenger information system (125) (this includes guidance means such as 112 and 114). In this case, as with the train control system (60), a unique position determination may be sufficient for this (eg via GPS 126).

  The train control system (60) is directly connected to the (automatic) steering system 120 and can be combined with the steering system without human assistance, as long as the technical supervisory authority agrees.

  The system according to the invention can be designed for the entire system, in particular at the same time (for example very frequently used), in a large-scale traffic system guided by gauges. In order to form a functional transition, a login area to the system is provided, where train drivers or automated unmanned trains are also registered or deregistered in the system (127). Both the card output via the biometric test 121 and the passenger information system 125 are connected to a system for enhancing the quality of service 128 for passengers, or also automatically control the quality of service, in this case automatic ticketing. The information path from the machine 121 is bi-directional, and the information of the passenger information system 125 can easily appear not only on the large displays of trains and stations, but also on the displays of automatic ticket machines. If necessary, it can interfere with the selection of destinations for passenger use.

  The above does not naturally apply only locally to individual stations within the framework of the invention, but also applies to people instead and to vehicles for transportation of people. Similarly, the present invention can be applied to a system of a plurality of stations in a large city, for example. When an overload or fault is detected at a station or a defined route, the passengers are distributed as evenly as possible on the evacuation route, i.e., guided by, for example, putting a guide element on the corresponding platform, Further, the guidance system can be controlled so as to correspond to the situation recognized from the side of the vehicle. The present invention allows the traffic operator to always obtain an outlook on the current utilization rate of the federated system with passengers, take measures to eliminate or prevent obstacles, congestion, etc. It makes it possible to prepare train inputs or operate automatically and to generally adapt the vehicle control to the calculated data in order to achieve the most efficient transportation of people possible. In contrast to people who can only be “controlled” in a limited way, the system can directly interfere with the control of the vehicle, of course the vehicle that is of course automatically controlled. Thus, if required, additional (unmanned) trains can be automatically sent into the traffic network, for example. At the same time, in the case of a vehicle that is not fully automatic controlled, it is possible to perform interference, for example, to apply an automatic brake when recognizing an imminent dangerous state. It is enough to tell.

  Each passenger with a ticket gets a transmitter or chip integrated into the card, whether it is a single yearly, monthly, weekly or daily card or a single multi-pass or single pass It is advantageous to do so. The transmitter can be integrated into a plastic card or into a harder paperboard card that can be printed as a wire workpiece. Other materials are also conceivable if they serve the function. Further, the transmitter can be integrated into a comparable card or other carried object, such as an access card, name tag, etc. The sign contained in the transmitter must always be unique within the system to allow counting on the person. The transmitter can be equipped with an identification section that allows the carrier to infer. An unambiguous assignment would be considered in the corresponding transportation company, for example by customer number, in the case of a commuter pass (not convertible). The same applies to regular / seasonal tickets for zoos, leisure parks, stadiums, etc. In this case, the bearer can be identified only by the respective operator, and the third party will not have the possibility of identification. A unique indicator that allows identification, such as the certificate number or name of the carrier, can be used. The identification can be designed in response to existing or future data protection rules. Counting about people is always possible.

  Each issued ticket has a small transmitter (the cost for this is very small for large volumes), even for only one run. The single boarding card can be re-drawn when leaving the means of transportation, and the multiple boarding ticket can be used when leaving the subway station (ticket gate area) after the last boarding, ie when the validity expires. Can be drawn back into. This is known in the prior art with the current card system of the London Underground. Thus, this approach allows reuse of more expensive cards with transmitters, pads, etc., and the transmitters, pads, etc. can be reprogrammed repeatedly.

  In a preferred embodiment, the system according to the invention comprises a number of personal transmitters (approximately in the form of “smart cards”). In this case, the user of the system uses a personal transmitter that guarantees a count on the person, preferably by means of a ticket. For this reason, for example, a receiving device is provided in a vehicle and a station. In any embodiment, the personal transmitter can also be used for accurate tracking of people in relation to the receiving device used, which is selectively “anonymized”. Or it can be done personalized. Data that can be detected by using a personal transmitter (number of passengers, place of stay) allows for real-time adaptation of the guidance system to various conditions, for the various functions of the traffic guidance system It can be evaluated and used. The transmitter is used for automatic capacity planning and operation of the traffic system and for ensuring safety.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a system that optimally couples the above applications together, forms and acquires them, and provides a high level of accuracy. The system is preferably combined with ticket acquisition etc. or even forms a unit with ticket acquisition etc. Finally, the system is used for passenger volume detection for inspection, safety, fare calculation, vehicle organization and access data calculation to control the traffic system. The local location of the transmitter carried by each person can be confirmed using a receiver installed in the vehicle and space, visualized via a computer program, and used for other purposes. it can.

  Such a system can be used to count subway station entrances, and at the same time exits can be used to collect fares (e.g. passengers leave areas where tickets are valid). At the same time, for counting people on the platform, train doors or train parts, as well as for an accurate picture of the place of stay of people on the platform or vehicle. The system allows the operator to relive or track passenger flow and the system renders images of people staying in the system at any point in time according to time and place. This image exists until people leave the system, i.e. subway station, or in the event of a catastrophe unless temperature or other conditions occur, so that the passenger counting system and the recognition system no longer function (in this case , The last measurement result is saved). However, in the event of a catastrophe, the system should still function for use in tracking people (this should be guaranteed in most cases). As long as the active transmission performance is utilized, the carrying card detects a rising temperature and outputs a warning signal, so that a fire can be recognized as early as possible.

  The use of the system disclosed herein for building protection and people protection, for example in the case of a fire in a building with an underground parking lot or multiple fire compartments, is likewise included in this case. For example, automatic control of a fire protection door that automatically closes the fire protection door in the event of a fire measures the position of people still present in the fire compartment and protects them by equipment before being surrounded. Similarly, it is possible to check whether people have or have been able to use a evacuation door that should be actuated by hand in combination with a fire protection door if necessary.

  For example, accurate detection of the number of people present in a defined stand area of a sports stadium, or in a cloak area, VIP area or other area can be ensured as well. This is especially used to prevent more people from staying in the prescribed area than is acceptable for fire prevention technical reasons (concert halls) or static reasons (soccer stands) be able to.

  In this case, with a personalized card, collection can also be personalized, but it can also be done non-personalized. Data filtering processes that may require data protection in some cases can be connected before or after. In any case, each card or each transmitter needs to be individual, as long as different people can be distinguished. Personalization (customer number or the like) in which personal-related data can be called from the transmitter is arbitrarily possible. In the case of a commuter pass, it is necessary to encode the card so that it can be assigned to the time portion of validity via a sign. That is, to see if the passenger has a valid or already passed ticket. For this reason, data-related labels can be used.

  According to the present invention, data (especially personal data) may be deleted after a certain time in accordance with laws and regulations that are valid in the area of transportation operators, and possibly in accordance with superregional or international agreements. Intended. This compliance should be assured by the operator, and in some cases, the technical possibilities may exceed the legal use possibilities, or all technical possibilities are in special cases. Or used up only in special cases.

  If a vehicle, for example a subway train, can make a position determination, the point is also known. This information may be important in case of power outages, tunnel fires or terrorist attacks, for example. However, in prior art systems, the location of each person in the tunnel system is confirmed from other points (eg via electronic means) or no longer moving people or cards (the card is left in place). It is impossible to find out until it has been or has been thrown away. In the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention in combination with a personal transmitter, an additional vehicle positioning is required, especially because the receiver is present in a train that changes its position when traveling. Because there is. In order to calculate the exact position of the stipulated people, therefore, not only a position determination with respect to the receiving device is necessary, but also information about where the corresponding trains will stay. Next, the position of the entire passenger is known from the combined information. The position of the train can be determined by known means. The position determination can be refined, for example, by dividing the rail system into corresponding small sections and by detecting when the defined train stays in the defined section and the direction the train travels.

  In particular, the following embodiments can be realized by the present invention.

  For use in mass transit systems, such as subway systems, the system according to the invention makes it possible to achieve better utilization than existing trains as well as the space in individual trains. In this case, indirect use of better infrastructure is also guaranteed. If an increase in passenger congestion is detected in the train area when boarding, the passenger can be guided to other less frequently used doors by elements of the guidance system. The system can record the increase in passenger volume and automatically command more trains to be prepared, and further, to avoid heavy congestion, the expanded flow of people is already in the forward area. I can guide you. Preferably passengers are detected very early (ie at the station entrance or station hall), so it will still take a few minutes for the passengers to get on the platform and more trains will be available at this time, as a result More passengers can be transported from the station as quickly as possible. In this case, the passenger is informed about the addition of the additional train, so that the passenger does not stick to the first train unconditionally. An optional possibility is to switch escalators, elevators, etc., so that the flow of people increased in one direction in a short time can be discharged without any obstacles. This means that if the system recognizes that many people are walking in the direction of the platform while people do not leave the platform or only a few people leave the platform, respectively, One escalator means that both the escalator and the elevator are switched for platform access in a short time.

  When used to increase safety in statically dangerous buildings, such as soccer stands, apart from access checking, the present invention can be utilized to recognize excessive allocation of stands, Appropriate measures can be taken against imminent structural destruction and, in the worst case, collapse. The same applies to traffic buildings.

  When used to improve rescue applications, i.e. in the event of a catastrophe, e.g. a fire, the system will depend on the elements of the guidance system, i.e. light signs, acoustic message warnings, endangered areas, etc. This mechanical lock prevents people from accidentally running into the danger zone. The human flow can be guided appropriately so that it does not cause stagnation as much as possible and a sufficient safety interval for the fire source is observed. The rescue team is provided with additional information, for example, as to whether people are still in the defined area. If a stipulated transmitter that does not move is found inside the danger zone, this can be used to guess helpless people and take action. In the event of a fire, it is preferable to be able to check whether all people have left the building or remain in a safe area.

  When used for orbital free messages, if there is an object in the orbital space that is found by the transmitter, or intelligence stored in a person or camera system, this is an inference of the people or objects present there This activates alarms and / or braking of the approaching train. This largely prevents suicide attempts or accidents, for example, which unfortunately often occur, i.e. by unintentional falls before an approaching train. Safety combinations or duplication of information, such as by automatic video surveillance devices / systems, are included according to the present invention.

In this case, the camera point is
In the vehicle and in it,
Along the route and in the surrounding area,
It can be provided at a point with good visibility (for example, satellite).

  In this case, images are generated and transmitted especially for the purposes according to the invention, or images and data that are always transmitted are used for the purposes according to the invention and correspondingly processed for purposes. Whether or not it matters.

Because of this, the route or runway image is intelligently processed for sudden and strange changes (eg image processing)
a) Before starting operation and / or after driving with a slow vehicle (in the case of a system coupled to a rail), in particular for inspection of changes in route quality, eg deformation, tearing,
b) While driving, it is monitored before and just before the passage of a higher speed section (for example by a camera on the car), especially by checking for any obstacles for a certain period of time.

  In this case, it is desirable to differentiate the image processing because the change is caused by sunlight, brightness, darkness, shadows, drizzle, and snowflakes.

  Despite the changes to be differentiated in image quality, the recognition of small obstacles is also important in order to achieve greater safety. Thus, by incorporating photogrammetric methods into the image processing process, spatial vision with two parallel cameras is used as needed.

By using images from satellite transmissions, images from various viewing angles can be combined and evaluated.
a) The camera at the top of the train for subways, high-speed trains and magnetic railways,
b) Cameras along the route as well as securely installed in tunnels, stations, detention facilities, points, etc.
c) Satellite monitoring

  Moving image of the train head / vehicle tip, one or more images of the route from the outside, side or top to side, from the front and through the train, and satellite images if necessary, organized by intelligent image processing This result is transmitted to the central computer in the same manner as the above-described human monitoring (for example, in the station).

In this case, the central computer controls:
1) Start, acceleration, deceleration and braking stroke operation,
2) System and overall control command activation,
3) In some cases, activation of alarms at one or more other locations, such as observers, rescue teams, disaster protection teams, etc., and records for subsequent purposes.

According to the invention, the structure of route monitoring (adapted to the respective structural infrastructure) includes, for example:
1) A camera in a tunnel, that is, a camera that depicts both the longitudinal extension and the entire tunnel in a cross-section, overlapping both travel directions,
2) Platform edge or platform door camera (system separated from main line monitoring to account for various speed calculations, if necessary),
3) Station access equipment camera,
4) Camera along the route,
5) Bridges, highway and lowway crossing bridges, overlapping parts of routes with other very sensitive traffic axes, eg special camera density such as autobahn,
6) Satellite monitoring of routes (for ground monitoring of routes),
7) 7a) A camera at the tip of the vehicle for supplementing the monitoring of the route by the driver in the case of automatic unmanned driving, or b) for the driver's assistance for forward visibility in the case of high speed,
8) Same as 7), but checks the quality of the route, the flatness of the route, etc., the camera in the train to protect passengers from the following:
9a) Passenger violence against passengers,
9b) vandalism,
9c) Terrorism (pockets, trunks, etc.) and access monitoring can be supplemented by X-ray devices, explosive detectors, etc. as required.

In this case, the parameters to be monitored are as follows.
Intrusion, ie unauthorized entry by people or other organisms,
Objects on the track,
Objects in vacant lots,
Tunnel wall and ceiling objects,
Tunnel walls and ceiling objects, falling objects,
Objects in and on the vehicle,
Strange behavior of people,
A searcher who uses the means of transportation,

  FIG. 11 shows, for example, a partial system according to the present invention for monitoring satellite camera points. This figure applies to both other camera points and movable points as well as many back-and-forth combined points.

  Vehicle 11.1, one train in the example shown here is a travel route 11.2 which is also a route, in the example shown here, preferably a rail route having a defined distance or being track-guided, simultaneously Located on and through magnetic railways, roads, and autobahns. For example, the camera 11.4 of the satellite 11.3 overlooking the travel line is always in data contact 11.19 with the vehicle although it is far from the travel line. The camera 11.4 or transmitter, eg satellite 11.3, transmits data 11.6 (54) of the travel line 11.5 to be passed by the vehicle at the next time to the central computer 20, in this case the central The computer incorporates an automatic intelligent image processor 11.7 (56) or the processor is preconnected to a central computer. The image processing unit is coupled to a position determination unit 11.9, for example GPS, and at the same time a train number notification system as known for example in rail traffic or other means for determining the exact position of the vehicle in real time is conceivable. It is done. Obstacle 11.8 can be automatically recognized by image processing and subsequently connected computer intelligence. In this case, it is preferable to compare the actual situation found by continuous camera observation with the reference situation. As a result, changes are recognized immediately. The data situation and its processing results go to the operation center or inspection station 11.13 for reaction 11.11, for example forced braking on obstacles, and alarm activation 11.12 in the event of a runway failure. A control command 11.14 is generated that interferes with or controls the automatic train control unit 11.15 (60), either automatically or with the assistance of the personal decision of the operation center. In this case, as the reaction unit 11.11, the command 11.16 can be directly operated to the communication unit on the route side, the signal technology unit, etc., and at the same time, for the regular data communication via the satellites 11.17 and 11.19. Can operate command. The automatic train control unit 11.15 (60) can transmit a control command via the route / vehicle communication 11.18 also by a known means such as a ballis.

  FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment and illustrates how train fullness can be notified to passengers and thus achieve the corresponding behavior of an overcrowded platform.

  The train length and train position indicator (one) as in FIG. 12a represents the prior art. In this case, 12.1 indicates a long train, 12.2 indicates a normal train, and 12.3 indicates a short train. 12.4 indicates that in particular the positions 12.2 and 12.3 can change with respect to the platform extension depending on the knitting. FIG. 12b shows a preferred alternative drawing of train locations that can be used for efficient handling of station passenger transfers in accordance with the present invention. In this case, the advantage is that the information indicates to the passenger the expected fullness of the arriving train or the distribution of the passengers of the individual vehicles, without giving the passenger a mandatory recommendation. This is psychologically better when it is necessary to obtain the cooperation of passengers to be transported and shows the advantages of the present invention. In this case, 12.5 is a graphic display of the degree of fullness by a single train, and 12.6 is a vehicle related to a vehicle (theoretically “maximum“ door ” ")" Is the fullness, and 12.7 indicates the fullness (%) of each. If the distribution is not equal for a short train or a single train, an average number of% can be shown (12.8), which is a less efficient variant in the sense of the present invention.

  FIG. 13 shows the various functions of the system according to the invention in its context, and summarizes the individual forms of functional combination to improve the efficiency and safety of traffic systems, especially mass traffic systems. Various data detection methods achieve automatic counting of passengers 13.1 in one system. There is only one preferred means to do this via the biometric card system 13.8 or via video surveillance with an intelligent image determination unit 13.6, but in combination with infrared, optical gates There are brightness, weight comparison etc. First, for efficient passenger distribution and passenger information, passenger guidance can be controlled via automatic counting, in which case this functional part is responsible for data acquisition via 13.6 and 13.8. Except for this, it has already been disclosed in EP 941527. This only known clue can be incorporated into the present invention and is shown at 13.3.

  One aspect of the present invention is that interference with automatic train control 13.4 and vehicle entry control 13.5 is also made through the knowledge acquired about the number and distribution of passengers in the traffic system 13.1. is there. Recognition from video surveillance combined with an intelligent image processor 13.6 is similarly used to implement interference in train control (see FIG. 11) and launch plans (see FIG. 6), ie driving the vehicle in the system. It is preferably used to activate the action of elements 13.4 and 13.5, which have a positive effect on train operation for improving efficiency and safety. Along with that, elements 13.8 and 13.6 are particularly relevant if there is a traffic system driving obstacle or if an object or people can enter the system and pose a safety risk. Activate alarm and safety function 13.7. For this reason, 13.6 and 13.8 are pre-stored (external) databanks of biometric data of searchers that are not desired to be present in the system, for example to avoid safety risks. 9 is preferably communicated.

  The alarm 13.7 is activated, or the vehicle loading plan 13.5 increases or decreases the number of vehicles or vehicle parts per unit of time (eg longer trains) or changes the operating route and stops In the case of erasing a station, etc., this is informed to the passenger information system in addition to the functions disclosed in EP 941527 and in addition to other functions possible (coupling 13. 10).

  The transmitter (or transmitters) for data recording of the guidance system according to the invention can be included in various objects carried by corresponding people according to the invention. These include tickets and admission tickets, access cards, name tags, and the like. Also suitable as carriers are plastic cards or cards made of stiff cardboard, and the transmitter can be integrated into or mounted on the card by known techniques. As a transmitter, a so-called RFID chip, that is, a wirelessly readable label can be used. In this case, a passive transmitter that does not require a dedicated power source is generally targeted, but the present invention is not limited to a passive transmitter. Furthermore, as described above, the present invention includes the recognition of objects and people in a system that does not carry a transmitter.

  The accuracy of the positioning of an object / person without a transmitter or radio in the system according to the invention depends in particular on the type of reception range. For coverage (or cells) that do not overlap in nature, tracking is limited to confirming the transmitter's stay within a defined area corresponding to the coverage. Therefore, in this case, accuracy is directly related to the size and number of reception ranges. In overlapping reception ranges, known techniques similar to those in mobile communication networks can be used, particularly with reference to the signal reception strength of the transmitter, in order to detect the transmitter position even more accurately. .

  In addition to detecting whether there are transmitters in one region or how many transmitters, in principle, another important data about passengers can be calculated. As already mentioned, the position of individual people can be detected and used by the system. From that change with position or time, it is possible to infer a basic direction and to roughly estimate a person's speed. In particular, the direction is very useful information that can be used effectively within the system of the present invention. Thus, for example, in the case of a flow of people that essentially extends in only one direction (passengers leaving the train), the guidance system can achieve better use of escalators and the like. If it is recognized that a large number of people are going in a defined direction, all or at least most of the escalators can be switched to the appropriate direction in order to achieve faster opening of the platform. Similarly, in order to shorten the waiting time, it is preferable that the elevator can be easily traveled to an appropriate level in advance when many predictable persons simultaneously request an elevator in the same direction. As a general rule, the speed of people that can be calculated is less important and can be calculated only roughly. Of course, it may be quite advantageous to obtain information about the speed at which a larger number of people move, for example by preparing trains in real time as much as possible to avoid too large a set of waiting passengers.

  It is pointed out that the modifications of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be combined with each other as shown in FIG. 6, for example, according to the present invention. Thus, even in the most preferred embodiment, additional data from ticket vending machines and / or access inspection devices can be drawn in, which further differentiates people flow and people stay density. Images can be supplied. Similarly, a variety of independent sub-systems are used for people positioning, which allows for some sort of "backup" function, thus achieving greater fault safety, resulting in sub-systems In the event of a failure, the other subsystems remain functional. All possible combinations of the described features and devices can be provided as needed, and these combinations provide a high level of flexibility and driving safety for the users of the traffic guidance system of the present invention. Is done.

  The traffic guidance system is not limited to high-speed transportation means, particularly transportation means guided by a gauge. In unmanned or automatic train systems, the traffic guidance system develops a great effect according to the invention. In a possible preferred embodiment in surface-rail gauges such as buses, streetcars, city railroads, light railroads, etc., or in certain routes of transportation, the above-ground stations can automatically count waiting passengers. Is spatially bounded as The boundary can be physically provided, for example, by a site, a glass wall or the like, and the standby area can be accessed by means of the safety check described by the acquisition and inspection of the chip card.

  The demarcation of the runway from the waiting area can be effected by platform doors and similar shut-offs, as disclosed for example in EP 1053159B1. Thus, on the one hand, it is possible to protect the waiting people to some extent even from climatic conditions such as cold or hot weather, while only passengers who are accurately counted and pre-checked for ride qualification and safety. It is guaranteed that you can get on the means of transportation.

  In public short-distance traffic in climatically severe areas, one variant preferably consists of various elements. Preferred variants are suitable for both buses and bus routes and streetcar / streetcar routes and city rail vehicles / city rails (light rails). Routes run on the surface, usually, but not mandatory, on a dedicated track or a dedicated set route.

  The waiting passengers are stored in a structural facility, preferably a container-like building, covered with a roof and closed to the side, but are always preferably stored in a building with iron structures and glass windows. Passengers enter these buildings to wait for transportation and preferably for inspection. The building preferably has a wall that also has a flexible platform door where a platform door, if necessary, a bus or railcar door is present and the door on the runway side of the waiting shed also opens. One or two sides that do not face the runway or runway have entrance and exit doors for passengers exiting and entering the waiting building.

  The waiting building can also be partially composed of a fiber structure that is installed in a lightweight structure. Since there are temperature differences in the walls, some degree of thermal insulation must be possible structurally. The waiting area is temperature-controlled, i.e. a comfortable waiting environment is taken into account via air conditioning. The vehicle travels near the roadside wall or the roadside door so that the indoor climate is not adversely affected by the door opening, i.e., temperature-controlled air is not lost as much as possible. The energy supply in both the standby area and the vehicle is self-sufficient, for example with the aid of a fuel cell, and the energy for this can be generated by a solar system (particularly in climatically hot areas with high sunlight).

  The waiting room elements can be combined in the vertical direction, i.e. can be added, and a central entrance hall with an extension consisting of waiting room elements is also conceivable.

  As already described in connection with ticketing in access to the standby area, it is preferable that a safety monitoring unit exists, and scanning devices such as metal detection, explosive detection, biometry, and pocket are also conceivable.

  Various vehicles (various doors, various lengths, etc.) require the transmission of radio control of door images and, in some cases, passenger guidance, i.e. the sectors in which the entry and exit are performed separately are determined. This helps with high system efficiency and reduced downtime (see prior art EP 1053159B1).

  According to the invention, passenger guidance requires a count of passengers who wish to travel by means of transportation. Thereby, it is possible to control the operation route, the frequency of the vehicle, and the like through the actual number of arriving passengers (traffic on demand).

1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a system according to the present invention; FIG. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the system according to the invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a system according to the present invention. 1 is a schematic view of a most preferred embodiment of a system according to the present invention. 1 is a schematic view of a typical application of a system according to the invention. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram of three variations of platform passenger guidance according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram of three variations of platform passenger guidance according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram of three variations of platform passenger guidance according to the present invention. It is a figure of embodiment of the boarding ticket by this invention. It is a figure of the injection | throwing-in state of the system of this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram of another embodiment illustrating means for providing a system according to the present invention for automatic path protection. FIG. 6 is a diagram of another preferred embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram of another preferred embodiment.

Claims (25)

At least one means of transportation (14) and / or at least one guide means for people (24, 26, 28, 60);
A plurality of detection units each having a plurality of individual transmitters (32) dedicated to carrying by a person, each of the detection units being capable of transmitting a sign, and a sign of the transmitter (32) A plurality of receiving devices (44) for receiving, wherein the receiving device (44) can determine the position of a person based on the received sign and to change the position of the personal transmitter (32). Based on which one can determine the speed of the person and the direction of movement of the person with respect to one or more receiving devices (44);
A traffic guidance system comprising a central unit (20) coupled to the detection unit and the guidance means (24, 26, 28, 60),
The detection unit is designated to calculate the number of persons (110) present in a specified spatial region at a specified time, and the central unit (20) detects the detected person from or from the specified spatial region. In order to guide at least one means of transportation (14) for optimal transport to a spatial area of the person, the speed of the person, the direction of movement of the person and the number of persons (110 ) According to the traffic information system (106, 76, 78). At least one guiding means (60) for at least one means of transportation (14);
A plurality of detection units including an automatic ticket vending machine (40) for boarding or admission tickets (58), the automatic ticket vending machine (40) responding to the purchase when purchasing the boarding or admission tickets (58). The automatic ticket vending machine (40) can determine the position of a person based on the position of the automatic ticket vending machine (40), and the automatic ticket vending machine (40) calculates the effective distance of the purchased ticket or the corresponding destination, and then gets on the board In a traffic guidance system that determines the expected direction of travel or expected destination of a ticket purchaser,
At least one guiding means (24, 26, 28) for a person;
A central unit (20) coupled to the detection unit and the at least one traffic guide means (60) and the at least one person guide means (24, 26, 28); Have
The detection unit (40) is designated to calculate the number of people (110) present in a prescribed spatial region at a prescribed time, and the central unit (20) designates the detected person as a prescribed spatial region. Exists in a defined spatial region at or at a defined time to guide at least one means of transportation (14) for optimal transport from or to a defined spatial region According to the number of people (110), the guide means (60) can be controlled (106, 76, 78), and in order to optimally distribute the persons detected in the defined spatial region, the guide means (24, 26, 28) can be controlled. In a traffic guidance system having at least one guiding means (60) for at least one transportation means (14),
At least one guiding means (24, 26, 28, 60) for a person;
A plurality of detection units (40, 42, 44);
A plurality of detection units including an image capturing device (54), wherein the image capturing device (54) is a person inside a detection region of the corresponding image capturing device (54) or an object carried by the person; Position and / or velocity can be determined, and the detection unit is designated to calculate (110) the number of people present in a specified spatial region at a specified time;
A central unit (20) coupled to the detection unit and the at least one traffic guide means (60) and the at least one person guide means (24, 26, 28); Have
The central unit (20) is defined at a defined time to guide at least one means of transportation (14) for optimally transporting the detected person from or to a defined spatial area. Depending on the number of persons (110) present in the spatial area of the vehicle and on the position and / or speed of the object carried by the person, the at least one traffic guiding means (60) A traffic guidance system characterized in that it can be controlled (106, 76, 78) and that the guiding means (24, 26, 28) can be controlled in order to optimally distribute the persons detected in the defined spatial region. . The central unit (20) can further control (112, 114) the guide means (24, 26, 28) in order to optimally distribute the detected persons in the defined spatial region, claim 1 or 3. The traffic guidance system according to 3 . The detection unit includes an automatic ticket vending machine (40) for boarding or admission tickets (58), and when the automatic ticket vending machine (40) purchases the boarding or admission tickets (58), the corresponding automatic ticket sales 5. A traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 1, 3 and 4 , characterized in that the position of a person can be determined based on the position of the machine (40). The automatic ticket vending machine (40) calculates the effective distance of the purchased ticket or the corresponding destination, and then determines the expected direction of travel of the ticket purchaser, the expected destination or the expected boarding distance. And the central unit (20) can control the guide means (24, 26, 28, 60) according to the expected direction of travel, the expected destination or the expected riding distance, The traffic guidance system according to claim 5 . Wherein wherein the detection unit is accessible inspection device (42), the access check unit (42), can be determined on the basis of Personality position to the position of the cross access checking device (42), any one of claims 1 to 6 The traffic guidance system according to item 1. The access checking device (42) can further determine the passing direction through the corresponding access checking device (42), and the central unit (20) can determine the guiding means (24, 26) according to the passing direction. , can be controlled 28,60), traffic guidance system according to claim 7. The detection unit includes an image capturing device (54), and the image capturing device (54) is located within a detection area of the corresponding image capturing device (54) or a position of an object carried by the person and / or or can determine the rate and the central unit (20), said can control the guidance means (24,26,28,60) in response to said position or speed, or according to any one of claims 1 and 4-8 The traffic guidance system according to item 1. The detection unit is a plurality of personal transmitters (32) each dedicated to carrying by a person, a transmitter capable of transmitting a sign, and a plurality of receiving devices for receiving the sign of the transmitter (32) The traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 4 to 9 , wherein the receiving device (44) can determine the position of a person based on the received sign. 11. A traffic guidance system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmitter (32) is incorporated into a boarding or admission ticket (58). 12. The traffic guidance system of claim 11 , wherein the boarding or admission ticket (58) includes biometric data. The boarding or admission ticket (58) reads biometric data of the person carrying the boarding or admission ticket (58), and compares the read biometric data with the biometric data of the boarding or admission ticket (58). And the traffic guidance system only applies to the person carrying the boarding or admission ticket when the read biometric data matches the biometric data of the boarding or admission ticket (58). The traffic guidance system according to claim 12 , comprising an access control device that permits access. The boarding or admission ticket (58) reads biometric data of the person carrying the boarding or admission ticket (58), and compares the read biometric data with the biometric data of the boarding or admission ticket (58). And the traffic guidance system only applies to the person carrying the boarding or admission ticket when the read biometric data matches the biometric data of the boarding or admission ticket (58). The traffic guidance system according to claim 2, further comprising an access control device that permits access. The automatic ticket vending machine (40) is equipped with a device capable of interrogating a person's biometric characteristics, and the automatic ticket vending machine (40) is a database that can be used to match biometric data of a particular person. 15. A traffic guidance system according to claim 14 , wherein the ticket vending machine (40) is adapted to refuse to issue a card to a specific person. The receiving device (44) can determine the direction of movement of the person based on the change of the position of the transmitter (32), and the central unit (20) can change the guiding means (24, 26, The traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 4 to 15 , which can control (28, 60). The receiver (44) can determine a person's speed for one or more receivers (44) based on a change in the position of the transmitter (32), and the central unit (20) The traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 4 to 16 , wherein the guidance means (24, 26, 28, 60) can be controlled according to the conditions. 18. A traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 1 and 4 to 17 , wherein the sign of the personal transmitter (32) comprises a unique identification of a person. 19. The sign of any one of claims 1 and 4-18 , wherein the sign of the personal transmitter (32) includes validity information indicating a permitted time interval, a permitted spatial region or a mileage or route. The described traffic guidance system. Based on the validity information, the central unit (20) can guide the means (24, 26,) so that the carrier of the transmitter (32) is carried away or away from unacceptable spatial areas. The traffic guidance system according to claim 19 , wherein 28) can be controlled. The receiving device (44) can detect time intervals, mileage or route exceeded or entry into unauthorized space areas, and the central unit (20) can send a message or alarm (116) about the done excess. 21. The traffic guidance system according to claim 19 or 20 , wherein the information can be output. The central unit (20) can calculate the movement pattern of the person from the position, speed and / or movement direction, the expected movement direction of the ticket purchaser, the expected destination or the expected boarding distance, and the movement 22. Traffic guidance according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the guidance means (24, 26, 28, 60) can be controlled based on a pattern or a message or alarm (116) can be generated for a defined movement pattern. system. The guiding means is
Optical guiding means (24),
Acoustic guidance means (26),
Blocking or releasing means (28),
Escalator (6), conveyor belt or elevator, and
In particular the means for controlling the combined transportation rail (14) (60) comprises at least one of the traffic guidance system according to any one of claims 1 to 22. To be able to remove the organizational units of transportation per unit time if required from or the system to add to the system, data communication between the control unit of the transportation is carried out, according to claim 1 to 23 The traffic guidance system according to any one of the above. The detection unit further comprises a plurality of transmitters adapted to be attached to each piece of baggage, each transmitter being capable of transmitting a sign signal, and the receiving device receiving the sign The position of the baggage can be determined in response to a signal, and the central unit (20) is adapted to control the guiding means (24, 26, 28, 60 ). The traffic guidance system according to any one of the above.

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