JP4939780B2 - Method for synthesizing aromatic amines - Google Patents
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- JP4939780B2 JP4939780B2 JP2005231452A JP2005231452A JP4939780B2 JP 4939780 B2 JP4939780 B2 JP 4939780B2 JP 2005231452 A JP2005231452 A JP 2005231452A JP 2005231452 A JP2005231452 A JP 2005231452A JP 4939780 B2 JP4939780 B2 JP 4939780B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 8
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 diphenylamino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-PHDIDXHHSA-N (1r,2r)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound N[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCQFHFNWMCLWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n,4-n-triphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 OCQFHFNWMCLWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQTLUXJWUCHKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SQTLUXJWUCHKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCTJWJYIYQAXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound CC(N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)=O ZCTJWJYIYQAXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCOC(C)=O OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 *c1ccccc1 Chemical compound *c1ccccc1 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011986 second-generation catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明は、芳香族アミン化合物を合成する方法に関する。より具体的には、第二級アミンの合成方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing an aromatic amine compound. More specifically, it relates to a method for synthesizing a secondary amine.
近年、画素を発光ダイオード(LED)などの発光素子で形成した、いわゆる自発光型の表示装置が注目を浴びている。このような自発光型の表示装置に用いられる発光素子としては、有機発光ダイオード(OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)、有機EL素子、エレクトロルミネッセンス(Electro Luminescence:EL)素子などとも言う)が注目を集めており、有機ELディスプレイなどに用いられるようになってきている。この様な自発光型の表示装置は、既存の液晶表示装置がもつ利点の他、応答速度が速く動画表示に優れ、なおかつ視野角が広いなどの特徴を有し、次世代のフラットパネルディスプレイとして大きく注目されている In recent years, so-called self-luminous display devices in which pixels are formed by light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted attention. As a light-emitting element used in such a self-luminous display device, an organic light-emitting diode (also referred to as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), an organic EL element, or an electroluminescence (EL) element) attracts attention. It has been used for organic EL displays and the like. In addition to the advantages of existing liquid crystal display devices, these self-luminous display devices have features such as fast response speed, excellent video display, and a wide viewing angle. Has attracted much attention
このような発光素子は、電場を加えることでルミネッセンス(Electroluminescence)が得られる発光物質を含む層と、陽極と、陰極とを有している。陽極から注入されたホールと、陰極から注入された電子とが発光物質を含む層で結合することで、発光が得られる。発光物質を含む層から得られるルミネッセンスには、一重項励起状態から基底状態に戻る際の発光(蛍光)と三重項励起状態から基底状態に戻る際の発光(燐光)とが含まれる。 Such a light-emitting element includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance that can obtain luminescence by applying an electric field, an anode, and a cathode. Light emission can be obtained by combining holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode in a layer containing a light-emitting substance. Luminescence obtained from the layer containing a light-emitting substance includes light emission (fluorescence) when returning from the singlet excited state to the ground state and light emission (phosphorescence) when returning from the triplet excited state to the ground state.
また、発光素子に用いられる発光性材料には無機発光材料と有機発光材料とがあるが、駆動電圧が低い有機発光材料が注目されている。 In addition, light-emitting materials used for light-emitting elements include inorganic light-emitting materials and organic light-emitting materials, and organic light-emitting materials with low driving voltage are attracting attention.
上記の構成の発光素子において、駆動電圧低減、長寿命化、色純度の向上等を達成するため、構造を最適化する必要がある。通常、発光物質を含む層は積層構造となっており、この積層構造は「正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層」という構成が代表的である。この構造は非常に発光効率が高いため、現在研究開発が進められている発光装置はほとんどこの構造が採用されている。また、他にも陽極上に正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、または正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層の順に積層する構造も採用されている。 In the light-emitting element having the above structure, the structure needs to be optimized in order to achieve a reduction in driving voltage, an increase in lifetime, an improvement in color purity, and the like. In general, a layer containing a light-emitting substance has a stacked structure, and this stacked structure is typically a structure of “a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer”. Since this structure has a very high luminous efficiency, this structure is employed in almost all light emitting devices that are currently under research and development. In addition, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are sequentially stacked on the anode. The structure is also adopted.
これらの層を構成する材料としては多くの物質が知られているが、例えば、正孔輸送層としては、芳香族アミン(即ち、ベンゼン環−窒素の結合を有する)化合物等が用いられている。芳香族アミン化合物は、その芳香族アミン骨格が正孔受容性が高く、そのため正孔輸送性に優れている。また、芳香族アミン骨格を有する物質についても同様に、正孔輸送性に優れていると考えられる。よって、芳香族アミン骨格を有する物質は、正孔輸送層だけでなく、発光物質、発光物質を分散状態にさせるための物質等に用いることも可能である。 Although many substances are known as materials constituting these layers, for example, aromatic amine (that is, having a benzene ring-nitrogen bond) compound or the like is used as the hole transport layer. . In the aromatic amine compound, the aromatic amine skeleton has a high hole-accepting property, so that the hole-transporting property is excellent. Similarly, a substance having an aromatic amine skeleton is considered to be excellent in hole transportability. Therefore, a substance having an aromatic amine skeleton can be used not only for a hole transport layer but also for a luminescent substance, a substance for making the luminescent substance dispersed, and the like.
芳香族アミンを合成する方法としては、アミンと、ハロゲン化アリールを用いる方法が一般的である。アミンとして第一級アミンであるアニリンを用い、一置換体である第二級アミンを合成する場合について考えてみる。 As a method for synthesizing an aromatic amine, a method using an amine and an aryl halide is generally used. Consider the case where a primary amine, aniline, is used as an amine and a monosubstituted secondary amine is synthesized.
アニリンには、反応サイトであるN−H結合が2つある。そのため、反応サイトの一方を保護する保護基を導入しないで反応を行うと、一置換体だけでなく、二置換体である第三級アミンも合成されてしまう可能性があった。そのため、一置換体を合成するときには、アニリンの一方の反応サイトに保護基を導入する方法が用いられてきた(特許文献1参照)。
しかし、上記の方法により一置換体である第二級アミンを合成すると、保護基を導入する段階、保護基が導入されたアニリンとハロゲン化アリールを反応させる段階、保護基を脱離させる段階、の三段階の反応となってしまう。そのため、合成に多くの時間、費用、労力を費やさねばならず、しかも得られる目的物の収率も低くなってしまっていた。 However, when a secondary amine which is a mono-substituted product is synthesized by the above method, a step of introducing a protecting group, a step of reacting an aniline into which a protecting group is introduced and an aryl halide, a step of removing the protecting group, It becomes a three-step reaction. Therefore, much time, cost, and labor must be spent for synthesis, and the yield of the target product obtained is low.
しかし、近年、Pd触媒を用いることにより、保護基を導入することなく、アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを反応させ、高い収率で一置換体が得られるようになった(非特許文献1参照)。
しかし、非特許文献1に記載されているように、保護基を導入していないアニリンと、ハロゲン化アリールとを反応させ、高い収率で一置換体である第二級アミンが得られるのは、第二世代のPd触媒を用いた場合であり、第一世代のPd触媒を用いた場合には、一置換体はほとんど得ることができない。 However, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, an aniline into which a protecting group is not introduced is reacted with an aryl halide to obtain a secondary amine that is a monosubstituted product in a high yield. In this case, the second generation Pd catalyst is used, and when the first generation Pd catalyst is used, almost no mono-substituted product can be obtained.
第二世代のPd触媒とは、DPPF(1,1’−bis−(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)またはBINAP(2,2’−bis−(diphenylphosphino)−1,1’−binaphthyl)と、Pdとの錯体であり、合成するには非常に多くの時間と労力が必要となる。また、購入するにしても非常に高価である。 The second generation Pd catalyst is a complex of DPPF (1,1′-bis- (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) or BINAP (2,2′-bis- (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphytyl) and Pd. Therefore, it takes a lot of time and labor to synthesize. Moreover, even if purchased, it is very expensive.
一方、第一世代のPd触媒とは、配位子として、トリフェニルホスフィンやトリ(o−トリル)ホスフィンを用いたPd触媒であり、上述したように、ハロゲン化アリールとアニリンから一置換体を効率良く得るためには基質が限定される。 On the other hand, the first generation Pd catalyst is a Pd catalyst using triphenylphosphine or tri (o-tolyl) phosphine as a ligand. As described above, a monosubstituted product is formed from an aryl halide and aniline. In order to obtain efficiently, a substrate is limited.
上記問題を鑑み、本発明は、従来の方法よりも容易に、保護基を導入することなく、アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを反応させ、一置換体である第二級アミンを得ることができる合成方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above problems, the present invention is a synthesis that allows a aniline and an aryl halide to react with each other without introducing a protecting group, thereby obtaining a secondary amine that is a monosubstituted compound, more easily than conventional methods. It aims to provide a method.
本発明は、(t−Bu)3Pを配位子として有するPd触媒を用いて、アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを反応させることにより、一置換体である第二級アミンを合成することを特徴とする。つまり、アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを用い、(t−Bu)3Pを配位子として有するPd触媒を用いて反応させることにより、第二級アミンを合成することを特徴とする。 The present invention is characterized in that a secondary amine which is a mono-substituted product is synthesized by reacting aniline with an aryl halide using a Pd catalyst having (t-Bu) 3 P as a ligand. And That is, a secondary amine is synthesized by using aniline and an aryl halide and reacting with a Pd catalyst having (t-Bu) 3 P as a ligand.
アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを用い、(t−Bu)3Pを配位子として有するPd触媒を用いて加熱することにより、第二級アミンを合成することを特徴とする。 A secondary amine is synthesized by using aniline and an aryl halide and heating using a Pd catalyst having (t-Bu) 3 P as a ligand.
上記方法において、ハロゲン化アリールは、N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンであることを特徴とする。 In the above method, the aryl halide is N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine.
本発明は、アニリンと、N,N−ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンとを、(t−Bu)3Pを配位子として有するPd触媒を用いて加熱することにより、N−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンを合成することを特徴とする。 In the present invention, aniline and N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine are heated using a Pd catalyst having (t-Bu) 3 P as a ligand, thereby producing N- It is characterized by synthesizing (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline.
上記構成において、反応温度は60〜110℃であることを特徴とする。 In the above structure, the reaction temperature is 60 to 110 ° C.
本発明の合成方法を用いることにより、一段階の反応で一置換体である第二級アミンを合成することができる。また、合成に用いる触媒が従来よりも手に入れやすいため、触媒を手に入れるのに要する労力、時間、費用を低減することが可能となる。 By using the synthesis method of the present invention, a secondary amine that is a mono-substituted product can be synthesized in a single-step reaction. In addition, since the catalyst used for synthesis is easier to obtain than in the past, it is possible to reduce the labor, time and cost required to obtain the catalyst.
本発明の合成方法は、アニリンとハロゲン化アリールとを、(t−Bu)3Pを配位子として有するPd触媒を用いて、加熱撹拌する。例えば、Pd(dba)2と(t−Bu)3Pを混合することにより、(t−Bu)3PがPdに配位する。なお、Pd(dba)以外にも、配位力が(t−Bu)3Pより小さい配位子を配位したPd錯体を用いても構わない。具体的には、PdCl2(PhCN)2、Pd(OAc)2等が挙げられる。加熱温度は、室温から130℃が好ましい。130℃以上に加熱してしまうとPd(dba)2が分解してしまい、触媒としての機能を果たさなくなってしまうことがある。また、加熱温度を60℃から110℃とすると、反応を制御することが容易となり、収率も高くなるので、より好ましい。なお、dbaとはtrans,trans−dibenzylideneacetoneを示す。また、溶媒としては、ジオキサン、脱水トルエンやキシレン等を用いることができる。塩基としてはt−BuONa等のアルカリ金属アルコキシド等を用いることができる。 In the synthesis method of the present invention, aniline and aryl halide are heated and stirred using a Pd catalyst having (t-Bu) 3 P as a ligand. For example, (t-Bu) 3 P is coordinated to Pd by mixing Pd (dba) 2 and (t-Bu) 3 P. In addition to Pd (dba), a Pd complex in which a ligand having a coordination power smaller than (t-Bu) 3 P is coordinated may be used. Specific examples include PdCl 2 (PhCN) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 and the like. The heating temperature is preferably from room temperature to 130 ° C. When heated to 130 ° C. or higher, Pd (dba) 2 may be decomposed and may not function as a catalyst. Moreover, it is more preferable to set the heating temperature to 60 ° C. to 110 ° C., since it becomes easy to control the reaction and the yield is increased. In addition, dba shows trans, trans-dibenzylideneacetone. As the solvent, dioxane, dehydrated toluene, xylene, or the like can be used. As the base, alkali metal alkoxides such as t-BuONa can be used.
本発明の合成方法により、アニリンに保護基を導入することなく、一置換体である第二級アミンを合成することが可能となる。つまり、保護基を導入する段階、保護基が導入されたアニリンとハロゲン化アリールを反応させる段階、保護基を脱離させる段階、の三段階の反応を経なくとも、一段階の反応で第二級アミンを合成することが可能となる。 According to the synthesis method of the present invention, it is possible to synthesize a secondary amine which is a mono-substituted product without introducing a protecting group into aniline. In other words, it is possible to perform the second reaction in one step without going through the three steps of introducing the protecting group, reacting the aniline into which the protecting group is introduced and the aryl halide, and removing the protecting group. A secondary amine can be synthesized.
また、触媒を手に入れるのに労力、時間、費用を要する第二世代のPd触媒を用いることなく、一置換体である第二級アミンを合成することが可能となる。 Further, it is possible to synthesize a secondary amine as a mono-substituted product without using a second generation Pd catalyst which requires labor, time and cost to obtain the catalyst.
以上のように、本実施例で説明した第二級アミンは、発光素子(有機発光ダイオード、有機EL素子、エレクトロルミネッセンス素子等)からなる表示装置に用いることができる。なお、トランジスタによって発光素子の駆動を制御するアクティブ型の表示装置であっても良いし、この他、トランジスタ等の駆動用の素子を特に設けずに発光素子を駆動させるパッシブ型の表示装置であってもよい。 As described above, the secondary amine described in this embodiment can be used for a display device including a light-emitting element (an organic light-emitting diode, an organic EL element, an electroluminescence element, or the like). Note that the display device may be an active display device that controls driving of a light emitting element by a transistor, or may be a passive display device that drives a light emitting element without providing a driving element such as a transistor. May be.
以下に、本発明の合成方法を用いて、N−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンを合成する方法について説明する。 Hereinafter, a method for synthesizing N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline using the synthesis method of the present invention will be described.
構造式(1)で表されるN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンの合成方法について説明する。 A method for synthesizing N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline represented by the structural formula (1) will be described.
上記反応スキーム(A−1)に従って、まず(N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンの合成を行った。1000mL エルレンマイヤーフラスコに、トリフェニルアミン25.19g(0.102mol)、N−ブロモスクシンイミド18.05g(0.102mol)、酢酸エチル400mLを入れ、空気中室温で一晩攪拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄し、水層を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、有機層とあわせて飽和食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥後、自然ろ過、濃縮し、得られた無色固体を酢酸エチル−ヘキサンにより再結晶したところ無色粉末状固体を22.01g、収率66%で得た。核磁気共鳴法(1H−NMR)によって、この白色粉末状固体がN,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンであることを確認した。この化合物の1H−NMRは次のようであった。1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3) d ppm:7.32(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.29−7.23(m,5H),7.08−7.00(m,6H),6.94(d,2H,J=8.7Hz) First, (N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine was synthesized according to the above reaction scheme (A-1), and 25.19 g (0.102 mol) of triphenylamine was added to a 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flask. ), N-bromosuccinimide (18.05 g, 0.102 mol), and ethyl acetate (400 mL) were stirred in air at room temperature overnight After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was washed twice with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated saline solution together with the organic layer, dried over magnesium sulfate, naturally filtered and concentrated, and the resulting colorless solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane. A colorless powdery solid was obtained in an amount of 22.01 g in a yield of 66% .This white powdery solid was converted to N by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). , N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine, and the 1 H-NMR of this compound was as follows: 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) d ppm: 7 .32 (d, 2H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.29-7.23 (m, 5H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 6H), 6.94 (d, 2H, J = (8.7Hz)
次に、上記反応スキーム(A−2)に従って、N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンとアニリンとのカップリングを行い、目的とするN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンの合成を行った。N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミン(559mg、6mmol)、Pd(dba)2(345mg、0.6mmol)、t−BuONa(577mg、6mmol)の脱水トルエン溶液(5mL)を脱気した後、アニリン(559mg、6mmol)とP(t−Bu)3(0.37mL、1.8mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下80℃、5時間加熱撹拌を行った。薄膜クロマトグラフィーで原料の4−ブロモトリフェニルアミンが無くなったことを確認した。飽和食塩水を加えて反応を終了させ、水層を酢酸エチル約100mlで抽出した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムによって乾燥させ、濾過した。ろ液を濃縮した後、酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:20のシリカゲルカラムにて精製を行い、粘調な液体として目的物を得た。これにヘキサンを加えて超音波を当てることで、クリーム色の粉末を析出させた。この混合物を濃縮し、N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンを基準として収率42%で標記化合物N−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンを得た。得られたN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンの1H−NMRチャートを図1に示す。また、1H−NMRデータを以下に示す。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3) d ppm:7.35−6.83(m,19H),5.60(s,1H)。また、N−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンの13C−NMRチャートを図2に示す。また、13C−NMRデータを以下に示す。13C NMR(75.5MHz,DMSO−d6) d ppm:147.8, 143.7, 140.2, 139.4, 129.4, 129.3, 127.1, 122.4, 122.0, 119.8, 118.4, 116.8。 Next, according to the above reaction scheme (A-2), N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine and aniline are coupled to obtain the desired N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline. Was synthesized. A dehydrated toluene solution (5 mL) of N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine (559 mg, 6 mmol), Pd (dba) 2 (345 mg, 0.6 mmol) and t-BuONa (577 mg, 6 mmol) was added. After deaeration, aniline (559 mg, 6 mmol) and P (t-Bu) 3 (0.37 mL, 1.8 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was confirmed by thin film chromatography that 4-bromotriphenylamine as a raw material had disappeared. Saturated brine was added to terminate the reaction, and the aqueous layer was extracted with about 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. After the filtrate was concentrated, purification was performed on a silica gel column of ethyl acetate: hexane = 1: 20 to obtain the desired product as a viscous liquid. By adding hexane to this and applying ultrasonic waves, a cream-colored powder was precipitated. The mixture was concentrated to give the title compound N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline in a yield of 42% based on N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine. A 1 H-NMR chart of the obtained N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline is shown in FIG. 1 H-NMR data is shown below. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) d ppm: 7.35-6.83 (m, 19H), 5.60 (s, 1H). Further, a 13 C-NMR chart of N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline is shown in FIG. The 13 C-NMR data is shown below. 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz, DMSO-d6) d ppm: 147.8, 143.7, 140.2, 139.4, 129.4, 129.3, 127.1, 122.4, 122.0 , 119.8, 118.4, 116.8.
また、得られたN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンを融点測定器(アズワン社製、ATM−01)によって測定したところ、融点は105〜106℃であった。 Moreover, when the obtained N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline was measured with the melting | fusing point measuring device (Azuwan company make, ATM-01), melting | fusing point was 105-106 degreeC.
また、N−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンの熱重量測定−示差熱分析(TG−DTA:Thermogravimetry−Differential Thermal Analysis)の結果を図3に示す。図3において、左側の縦軸は熱量(μV)を表し、右側の縦軸は重量(%;測定開始時の重量を100%として表した重量)を表す。さらに、下側の横軸は、温度(℃)を表す。なお、測定には示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(セイコー電子株式会社製,TG/DTA 320型)を用い、窒素雰囲気下、10℃/minの昇温速度で熱物性を評価した。その結果、重量と温度の関係(熱重量測定)から、常圧下で、測定開始時における重量に対し95%以下の重量になる温度は、214℃であった。 In addition, FIG. 3 shows the results of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) of N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline. In FIG. 3, the left vertical axis represents the amount of heat (μV), and the right vertical axis represents the weight (%; weight expressed with the weight at the start of measurement as 100%). Furthermore, the lower horizontal axis represents temperature (° C.). In addition, the thermophysical property was evaluated with the temperature increase rate of 10 degree-C / min in nitrogen atmosphere using the differential-thermo-thermogravimetric simultaneous measuring apparatus (Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd. make, TG / DTA320 type) for the measurement. As a result, from the relationship between weight and temperature (thermogravimetry), the temperature at which the weight was 95% or less with respect to the weight at the start of measurement under normal pressure was 214 ° C.
本発明の第二級アミンは、正孔受容性が高く正孔輸送性に優れている。また、本発明の第二級アミンを用いた芳香族アミン化合物についても正孔受容性が高く正孔輸送性に優れている。そのため、発光素子(有機発光ダイオード、有機EL素子、エレクトロルミネッセンス素子等)からなる表示装置に好適に用いることができる。トランジスタによって発光素子の駆動を制御するアクティブ型の表示装置であっても良いし、この他、トランジスタ等の駆動用の素子を特に設けずに発光素子を駆動させるパッシブ型の表示装置であってもよい。 The secondary amine of the present invention has high hole acceptability and excellent hole transportability. Further, the aromatic amine compound using the secondary amine of the present invention also has high hole acceptability and excellent hole transportability. Therefore, it can be suitably used for a display device including a light emitting element (an organic light emitting diode, an organic EL element, an electroluminescence element, or the like). It may be an active type display device that controls driving of a light emitting element by a transistor, or may be a passive type display device that drives a light emitting element without providing a driving element such as a transistor. Good.
本発明の第二級アミンを用いた表示装置を実装した電化製品の一実施例を図5に示す。 FIG. 5 shows an example of an electrical appliance in which a display device using the secondary amine of the present invention is mounted.
図5(A)は、本発明を適用して作製したコンピュータであり、本体5521、筐体5522、表示部5523、キーボード5524などによって構成されている。本発明の第二級アミンを用いた発光素子を有する表示装置を表示部として組み込むことでコンピュータを完成できる。
FIG. 5A illustrates a computer manufactured by applying the present invention, which includes a
図5(B)は、本発明を適用して作製した携帯電話であり、本体5552には表示部5551と、音声出力部5554、音声入力部5555、操作スイッチ5556、5557、アンテナ5553等によって構成されている。本発明の第二級アミンを用いた発光素子を有する表示装置を表示部として組み込むことで携帯電話を完成できる。
FIG. 5B illustrates a mobile phone manufactured by applying the present invention, which includes a
図5(C)は、本発明を適用して作製したテレビ受像機であり、表示部5531、筐体5532、スピーカー5533などによって構成されている。本発明の第二級アミンを用いた発光素子を有する表示装置を表示部として組み込むことでテレビ受像機を完成できる。
FIG. 5C illustrates a television set manufactured by applying the present invention, which includes a
以上のように本発明の発光装置は、各種電子機器の表示部として用いるのに非常に適している。 As described above, the light-emitting device of the present invention is very suitable for use as a display portion of various electronic devices.
なお、本形態では、パーソナルコンピュータについて述べているが、この他に電話機、ナビゲイション装置、或いは照明機器等に本発明の第二級アミンを用いた発光素子を有する表示装置を実装しても構わない。 Note that although this embodiment describes a personal computer, a display device having a light-emitting element using the secondary amine of the present invention may be mounted on a telephone, a navigation device, a lighting device, or the like. I do not care.
[比較例]
比較例として、従来の方法に基づく合成例を示す。反応スキーム(A−3)を以下に示す。
[Comparative example]
As a comparative example, a synthesis example based on a conventional method is shown. A reaction scheme (A-3) is shown below.
窒素気流下、アセトアニリド7.21g(0.053mol)、N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミン17.32g(0.053mol)、ヨウ化銅2.05g(0.011mol)、リン酸三カリウム22.00g(0.103mol)のジオキサン(150mL)懸濁液にtrans―1,2−シクロヘキサンジアミン1.3mLを加え、40時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、室温に冷却し、系内の固体を吸引ろ過により除去した。溶液を飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄し、水層をクロロホルムで2回抽出し、有機層とあわせて飽和食塩水で洗浄した。硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥後、自然ろ過、濃縮し、得られた無色固体をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:1)により精製したところ白色粉末状固体を12.00g、収率59%で得た。核磁気共鳴法(1H−NMR)によって、この白色粉末状固体がN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアセトアニリドであることを確認した。この化合物の1H−NMRチャートを図4に示す。また、1H−NMRデータを以下に示す。1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3) d ppm:7.36−7.23(m,9H),7.12−7.03(m,10H),2.07(s,3H)。 Under nitrogen stream, acetanilide 7.21 g (0.053 mol), N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine 17.32 g (0.053 mol), copper iodide 2.05 g (0.011 mol), To a suspension of 22.00 g (0.103 mol) of tripotassium phosphate in dioxane (150 mL), 1.3 mL of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine was added and heated to reflux for 40 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and solids in the system were removed by suction filtration. The solution was washed twice with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, the aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine. After drying with magnesium sulfate, natural filtration and concentration, the resulting colorless solid was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate: hexane = 1: 1) to obtain 12.00 g of a white powdery solid in a yield of 59%. It was. This white powdery solid was confirmed to be N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylacetanilide by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). A 1 H-NMR chart of this compound is shown in FIG. 1 H-NMR data is shown below. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) d ppm: 7.36-7.23 (m, 9H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 10H), 2.07 (s, 3H).
引き続き、合成したN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアセトアニリド20.00g(0.053mol)、40%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液100g、テトラヒドロフラン50ml、エタノール50mlを入れ空気中で2時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、室温に冷却してから水層と有機層とに分離した。有機層は水で2回洗浄した。一方、水層はクロロホルムで2回抽出し、このクロロホルム層と前記有機層とをあわせて飽和食塩水で洗浄した。硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥後、自然ろ過、濃縮し、得られた無色固体を酢酸エチル−ヘキサンにより再結晶したところ無色粉末状固体を14.69g、収率83%で得た。核磁気共鳴法(1H−NMR)によって、この白色粉末状固体がN−(4−ジフェニルアミノ)フェニルアニリンであることを確認した。 Subsequently, 20.00 g (0.053 mol) of synthesized N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylacetanilide, 100 g of 40% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 50 ml of ethanol were added and heated under reflux for 2 hours in the air. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and then separated into an aqueous layer and an organic layer. The organic layer was washed twice with water. On the other hand, the aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform, and the chloroform layer and the organic layer were combined and washed with saturated brine. After drying over magnesium sulfate, natural filtration and concentration were performed, and the resulting colorless solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane to obtain 14.69 g of a colorless powdery solid in a yield of 83%. This white powdered solid was confirmed to be N- (4-diphenylamino) phenylaniline by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR).
比較例で示した従来の合成方法では、ブロモ基を有するN,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンと、保護基が導入されているアセトアリニドとを、Cu触媒下で反応させているため、高温で40時間還流させなければ反応が終了しなかった。これに対して、本発明による方法では、N,N―ジフェニル−N−(4−ブロモフェニル)アミンと、保護基で保護されていないアニリンとを、第一世代のPd触媒であるPd(dba)2および(t−Bu)3Pの存在下で反応させているため、80℃、5時間の加熱撹拌により反応が進行した。つまり、従来の方法よりも低温、短時間で反応を進行させることが可能となり、合成にかかる時間の大幅な短縮が可能となった。 In the conventional synthesis method shown in the comparative example, N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine having a bromo group is reacted with acetarinide into which a protecting group is introduced in the presence of a Cu catalyst. Therefore, the reaction was not completed unless refluxed at high temperature for 40 hours. In contrast, in the method according to the present invention, N, N-diphenyl-N- (4-bromophenyl) amine and aniline not protected with a protecting group are converted into Pd (dba), which is a first generation Pd catalyst. Since the reaction was carried out in the presence of 2 and (t-Bu) 3 P, the reaction proceeded by heating and stirring at 80 ° C. for 5 hours. That is, the reaction can proceed at a lower temperature and in a shorter time than the conventional method, and the time required for synthesis can be greatly reduced.
また、第一世代のPd触媒であるPd(dba)2を用いて合成することができるため、第二世代の触媒を用いるよりも、合成にかかる労力、時間、費用を低減することが可能となる。 In addition, since it is possible to synthesize using Pd (dba) 2 which is the first generation Pd catalyst, it is possible to reduce the labor, time and cost for the synthesis compared to the case where the second generation catalyst is used. Become.
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