JP4959059B2 - Method for purifying amide compounds - Google Patents
Method for purifying amide compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4959059B2 JP4959059B2 JP2001007124A JP2001007124A JP4959059B2 JP 4959059 B2 JP4959059 B2 JP 4959059B2 JP 2001007124 A JP2001007124 A JP 2001007124A JP 2001007124 A JP2001007124 A JP 2001007124A JP 4959059 B2 JP4959059 B2 JP 4959059B2
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- amide compound
- activated carbon
- purification method
- acid
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- -1 amide compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 108010024026 Nitrile hydratase Proteins 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 15
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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Landscapes
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はアミド化合物の精製方法に関する。より詳しくは、アミド化合物の含有液を活性炭を用いて処理することにより、効率的に純度の高いアミド化合物を得る方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アミド化合物、特にニトリル化合物を水和して得られるアミド化合物生成液中にはその製法により種類は異なるものの、通常は高分子物質や界面活性剤、着色分、溶出物、または他の不純物等が存在する。これらを除去するために, 例えば特開昭61−115495号公報および特開昭61−122253号公報には活性炭による精製処理方法が、特開昭61−115058号公報にはイオン交換膜による精製処理方法が、また特開昭61−122227号公報には多孔質中空糸膜による精製処理方法が記載されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記イオン交換膜や多孔質中空糸膜を用いた精製方法では特殊な精製装置が必要となる等、その実施において、経済性の面でのデメリットは避けられない。
また、活性炭による精製方法においては、通常は特殊な設備は必要ないものの、得られる製品中にはなお不純物が存在し、効果の点で未だ不十分である。特に、ニトリル水和能を有する酵素であるニトリルヒドラターゼ等を用いてニトリル化合物を直接水和してアミド化合物を製造する場合、上記先行技術の活性炭による精製方法では、反応液中に混入する微生物等に由来する蛋白質の除去が不十分であり、その結果、その量が微量であれば、反応液が発泡し易くなり、また多くなれば反応液が白濁することとなり、製品品質に悪影響を及ぼす。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の課題は、アミド化合物含有液中に含まれる不純物を効率的に除去する方法を提供することにある。より具体的には、本発明は、ニトリル化合物から対応するアミド化合物を製造する際に得られるアミド化合物含有液を、活性炭を用いて処理する場合の、簡便でかつ効率的な精製方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前述のアミド化合物含有液の活性炭を用いた精製方法に関して鋭意検討を行なってきたところ、アミド化合物含有液を酸性条件下で活性炭と接触することにより、更には特定なpHの領域において活性炭と接触することにより、該アミド化合物含有液中に含まれる不純物、特に蛋白質を、極めて効率的に除去しうることを見出した。
【0006】
特に従来の知見では、アミド化合物が不飽和結合を持つもの(例えば産業上比較的重要な化合物であるアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等)は、酸性領域では重合反応が起こりやすく、化合物が不安定になってしまうことが知られており、これを避けるため、アミド化合物を含む溶液はを中性に保つことが重要とされてきた。このような観点からも、上記条件下による精製処理技術は従来技術から到底予想し得ないことであった。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)アミド化合物含有液を酸性条件下で活性炭と接触させることを特徴とするアミド化合物の精製方法であり、また
(2)アミド化合物含有液が、対応するニトリル化合物の水和反応により得られる生成液である(1)に記載の精製方法であり、また
(3)アミド化合物が炭素数2〜20のものである、(1)または(2)に記載の精製方法であり、また
(4)アミド化合物が不飽和結合を有するものである、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(5)アミド化合物がアクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドである、(4)に記載の精製方法であり、また
(6)アミド化合物が、ニトリルヒドラターゼを含有する微生物菌体、または該微生物菌体の処理物を用いて合成されたものである、(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(7)微生物菌体が、微生物よりクローニングしたニトリルヒドラターゼ遺伝子を任意の宿主で発現させた形質転換体であることを特徴とする(6)に記載の精製方法であり、また
(8)活性炭との接触時のアミド化合物含有液のpHが3.5〜6.5である、(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(9)酸解離指数3.5〜5.5の有機酸、または該有機酸と塩基を用いてアミド化合物含有液を酸性に調製することを特徴とする、(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(10)有機酸がアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸であることを特徴とする、(9)に記載の精製方法であり、また
(11)活性炭が、木質またはヤシ殻を原料とした活性炭であることを特徴とする、(1)〜(10)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(12)活性炭との接触時の温度が10〜50℃である、(1)〜(11)のいずれかに記載の精製方法であり、また
(13)アミド化合物含有液を活性炭と接触させた後、活性炭を分離し、残液を飽和温度以下として結晶を析出させることを特徴とする、(1)〜(12)のいずれかに記載の精製方法である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明におけるアミド化合物含有液は特に限定されるものではなく、具体的には炭素数が2〜20程度のニトリル化合物を水和し、得られるアミド化合物含有生成液であるものが挙げられる。水和反応に供されるニトリル化合物としては、広い範囲のニトリル、たとえば脂肪族ニトリル、芳香族ニトリルなどが含まれる。脂肪族ニトリルとしては、炭素数2〜6の飽和または不飽和ニトリル、たとえば、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル、イソブチロニトリル、バレルニトリル、イソバレロニトリル、カプロニトリルなどの脂肪族飽和モノニトリル類;マロノニトリル、サクシノニトリル、アジポニトリルなどの脂肪族飽和ジニトリル類;アクリルニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル、クロトノニトリルなどの脂肪族不飽和ニトリルなどが挙げられる。芳香族ニトリルとしては、ベンゾニトリル、o−,m−,およびp−クロロベンゾニトリル、o−,m−,およびp−フルオロベンゾニトリル、o−,m−,およびp−ニトロベンゾニトリル、o−,m−,およびp−トルニトリル、ベンジルシアナイド等が挙げられる、特に、アクリロニトリルやメタクリロニトリル等のような、不飽和結合を持つニトリル化合物を水和することにより得られる、アクリルアミドやメタクリルアミドを含む水溶液に対して、本発明の精製方法は好適である。
【0009】
本発明において、処理の対象とされるアミド化合物含有液に関しては、既知のいずれの水和方法により得られたものであっても構わない。すなわち、硫酸による水和法や、ラネー銅触媒等の金属銅を含む触媒による接触水和法、ニトリル化合物を水和する能力を有する酵素(ニトリルヒドラターゼ)およびこれを含有する微生物菌体、それらの酵素および微生物菌体処理物等を用いて水和したもの等、いずれであっても構わない。
【0010】
なかでも、ニトリル化合物を水和する能力を有する酵素であるニトリルヒドラターゼ、ニトリルヒドラターゼの処理物、ニトリルヒドラターゼを含有する微生物菌体、あるいは該微生物菌体の処理物等を用いて得られるアミド化合物含有液は、本発明の精製方法に好適である。
なお、上記におけるニトリルヒドラターゼとは、ニトリル化合物を加水分解して対応するアミド化合物を生成する能力をもつ酵素をいう。
【0011】
ここで、ニトリルヒドラターゼを含有する微生物としては、ニトリル化合物を加水分解して対応するアミド化合物を生成する能力を有するニトリルヒドラターゼを産生し、かつ30重量%のアクリルアミド水溶液中でニトリルヒドラターゼの活性を保持している微生物であれば、特に制限されるものではない。具体的には、ノカルディア(Nocardia)属、コリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)属、バチルス(Bacillus)属、好熱性のバチルス属、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属、ミクロコッカス(Micrococcus)属、ロドクロウス(rhodochrous)種に代表されるロドコッッカス(Rhodococcus)属、アシネトバクター(Acinetobacter)属、キサントバクター(Xanthobacter)属、ストレプトマイセス(Streptomyces)属、リゾビウム(Rhizobium)属、クレブシエラ(Klebsiella)属、エンテロバクター(Enterobacter)属、エルウィニア(Erwinia)属、エアロモナス(Aeromonas)属、シトロバクター(Citrobacter)属、アクロモバクター(Achromobacter)属、アグロバクテリウム( Agrobacterium)属またはサーモフィラ(thermophila)種に代表されるシュードノカルディア(Pseudonocardia)属に属する微生物を好適な例として挙げることができる。
【0012】
また、該微生物よりクローニングしたニトリルヒドラターゼ遺伝子を任意の宿主で発現させた形質転換体も本発明でいう微生物に含まれる。なお、ここでいう任意の宿主には、後述の実施例のように大腸菌(Escherichia coli)が代表例として挙げられるが、とくに大腸菌に限定されるのものではなく枯草菌(Bacillus subtilis)等のバチルス属菌、酵母や放線菌等の他の微生物菌株も含まれる。その様なものの例として、MT−10822(本菌株は、1996年2月7日に茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番3号の通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に受託番号FERM BP−5785として、特許手続き上の微生物の寄託の国際的承認に関するブダペスト条約に基づいて寄託されている)が挙げられる。また、組換えDNA技術を用いて該酵素の構成アミノ酸の1個または2個以上を他のアミノ酸で置換、欠失、削除もしくは挿入することにより、アミド化合物耐性やニトリル化合物耐性、温度耐性を更に向上させた変異型のニトリルヒドラターゼを発現させた形質転換体も、本発明でいう微生物に含まれる。
【0013】
上記したような微生物を用い、アミド化合物を製造するに際しては通常、該微生物の菌体あるいは菌体処理物を用いる。菌体は、分子生物学、生物工学、遺伝子工学の分野において公知の一般的な方法を利用して調製すればよい。例えば、LB培地やM9培地等の通常液体培地に該微生物を植菌した後、適当な培養温度(一般的には、20℃〜50℃であるが、好熱菌の場合は50℃以上でもよい)で生育させ、続いて、該微生物を遠心分離によって培養液より分離、回収して得る方法が挙げられる。
【0014】
また、本発明における微生物の菌体処理物は、上記微生物菌体の抽出物や磨砕物、該抽出物や磨砕物のニトリルヒドラターゼ活性画分を分離精製して得られれる後分離物、該微生物菌体や該菌体の抽出物、磨砕物、後分離物を適当な担体を用いて固定化した固定化物等を指し、これらがニトリルヒドラターゼの活性を有している限りは本発明の菌体処理物に相当する。
【0015】
本発明が精製の対象とするアミド化合物において、ニトリルヒドラターゼを含有する微生物菌体、あるいはその微生物菌体の処理物を用い、ニトリル化合物を水和してアミド化合物を得る場合の反応形式は、対応するニトリル化合物を回分反応に供する方法でもよいし、連続反応であってもよい。また、反応の形式も特に限定はなく、例えば懸濁床として行なってもよいし、固定床であってもよい。この際の反応液中での触媒、例えば微生物の菌体または菌体処理物の濃度は、水性媒体とニトリル化合物の混合に支障をきたさない限り、特に制限されるものではない。
【0016】
上記において、ニトリル化合物を反応開始時に添加する場合のニトリル化合物の濃度は、該ニトリル化合物の飽和濃度以上であればよい。一方、その濃度の上限は特に限定されるものではなく、想定する反応終了時のアミド化合物濃度およびニトリル化合物濃度により任意に決定すればよい。
【0017】
また、未反応のニトリル化合物は、反応後に蒸留等の手段により反応液より除去することもできる。よって、想定する反応終了時のアミド化合物濃度に達した時点でもニトリル化合物が過剰となるようにニトリル化合物を添加することもできる。
具体的には、例えばニトリル化合物がアクリロニトリルである場合、水に対する本化合物の飽和濃度は20℃で約7重量%であるので、約7重量%以上が好適である。また、メタクリロニトリルまたはクロトンニトリルがニトリル化合物である場合、水に対するこれらの化合物の飽和濃度は20℃で約2重量%であるので、約2重量%以上が好適である。
【0018】
上記におけるアミド化反応は通常は常圧下で行われるが、水性媒体中へのニトリル化合物の溶解度を高めるために加圧下で行うこともできる。また、反応温度は、水性媒体の凝固点以上であれば特に制限はされないが、触媒がニトリルヒドラターゼを含む場合は、好ましくは0〜50℃、より好ましくは10〜30℃の範囲内で行われる。
【0019】
また、上記におけるアミド化反応時の反応液のpHは、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性が維持されている限りは特に制限されるものではないが、好ましくはpH6〜10の範囲、より好ましくはpH7〜9の範囲である。
【0020】
本発明におけるアミド化合物の精製は、アミド化合物を含有する液を酸性下に、好ましくはpH2以上、より好ましくはpH3.5〜6.5の範囲にて活性炭と接触させることにより行う。
【0021】
本発明において、アミド化合物含有液を酸性とするには通常、該アミド化合物含有液に酸を添加する必要があるが、その酸の種類としてはアミド化合物の安定性に影響を与えるものでなければ広い範囲のものが使用でき、例えば硫酸や硝酸等のような鉱酸、あるいは酢酸やアクリル酸のような有機酸等が挙げられ、二種以上が用いられても構わない。これらのうちでも、本発明では、よりpH調製が容易でかつ安定し、しかもより高い精製効果およびアミド化合物の安定性を得る上から弱酸の使用が効果的であり、更にはpH緩衝効果をも持たせる上から、弱酸と塩基との両方を用いて上記pH範囲に調製することが、非常に好ましい。
【0022】
好ましく用いられる弱酸としては、pH制御範囲を考慮すると、酸解離指数(pKa;25℃、水中)が2.0〜6.0のものが好ましく、更には3.5〜5.5であるものがより好ましい。これら酸の代表的なものとしては酢酸、プロピオン酸、オクタン酸、吉草酸等の脂肪族飽和モノカルボン酸、アクリル酸、クロトン酸、メタクリル酸等の脂肪族不飽和モノカルボン酸、シュウ酸、アジピン酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸等の脂肪族ポリカルボン酸、安息香酸等の芳香族カルボン酸等が挙げられる。また、上記塩基としては強塩基であるものが好ましく、水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウム等が挙げられる。
【0023】
また本発明において、処理の対象とするアミド化合物が、特に不飽和結合を持つようなものである場合は、精製後にそれが重合反応に供される際に、得られた重合物中に酸が残存、あるいは遊離したりする不都合を生ずることになる。このため、上記のような不飽和結合を有するアミド化合物が精製対象となる場合は、酸としては不飽和結合を有するものであってかつ、当該アミド化合物と共重合することが可能なもの、具体的にはアクリル酸やメタクリル酸、あるいはクロトン酸等を使用することが好ましい。
【0024】
本発明において、上記酸、または上記酸と塩基の濃度は、アミド化合物含有液の性状および用いる酸のpKaにもよるが、酸換算でアミド化合物含有液に対し、通常10重量ppm〜5重量%の範囲である。
【0025】
また、本発明では上記した酸性条件下に該アミド化合物含有液を活性炭と接触させるが、活性炭と接触している際にアミド化合物含有液が酸性となっている、あるいは酸性とする形態であれば特に限定はなく、活性炭の添加と同時にアミド化合物含有液を酸性下に調製する方法であっても何ら構わない。
【0026】
本発明で使用する活性炭については特に限定はなく、粉状および粒状のいずれであっても使用することができる。また、精製処理を行う装置においても、用いる活性炭の粒度に適したものを用いればよい。例えば粉状活性炭を用いる場合は、液の攪拌が可能な槽において、回分式および連続式のいずれでも実施することができる。また、粒状活性炭を用いるような場合は、上記形式の他に、充填塔形式による連続処理も可能である。
【0027】
また、活性炭には一般的には、原料として石炭、木、およびヤシ殻等を用いたもの等があるが、吸着能を有するものであれば特段の限定はなく、いずれのものであっても使用することが可能である。
しかしながら、処理の対象とするアミド化合物が特に不飽和結合を有するものである場合は、該アミド化合物の保存安定性や重合し易さ等を考慮すると、活性炭としては金属分含有量の少ないものを使用することが好ましく、原料が木質のもの、またはヤシ殻のものを使用することがより好ましい。
【0028】
本発明において、アミド化合物を精製処理する際に使用する活性炭量は、あまり少ない場合は十分な精製効果を得ることが困難であり、またあまり多く使用しても不経済となることから、その使用量としてはアミド化合物含有液に対して、通常0.01〜20重量%の範囲、より好ましくは0.05〜10重量%の範囲である。
また、活性炭として特に粉状のものを用いる場合、該活性炭はアミド化合物含有液中にそのまま直接添加してもよく、または一旦、活性炭を水等の媒体中に分散させ、スラリー状としたものをアミド化合物含有液に添加、あるいは供給するようにしてもよい。
【0029】
本発明において、活性炭によりアミド化合物含有液を精製処理する際の温度は、アミド化合物の結晶が析出せずに、かつその安定性に影響のない範囲であれば特に制限はないが、通常は0〜80℃の範囲で行われる。特にアクリルアミドやメタクリルアミド含有液のような、不飽和結合を有するアミド化合物含有液を精製処理する場合は、重合反応生起によるゲル化を防止するために60℃以下、更には10〜50℃の範囲にて、活性炭と接触させることが好ましい。また、活性炭との接触処理に要する時間は、処理形式や活性炭の量にもよるが、通常は0.5〜20時間の範囲である。
【0030】
次いで、本発明では上記接触処理したアミド化合物含有液から活性炭を分離し、該アミド化合物含有液の精製液を得る。活性炭を分離する方法としては、一般に用いられる固液分離装置を用いる方法であれば特に限定はなく、例えば加圧濾過器、減圧濾過器、または遠心分離器等があげられ、更には回分式および連続式のいずれであっても構わない。
また、本発明においては上記活性炭を分離した後のアミド化合物含有液を冷却し、液中より目的のアミド化合物を晶析させるという方法を採用することにより、更なる精製されたアミド化合物を得ることも可能である。
【0031】
また、本実施例ではニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を保持したアミノ酸置換体の取得を部位特異的な変異によって行っている。しかし、実施例においてい開示される変異点と置換される塩基の種類に基づいて、部位特異的な変異以外の方法で組替えプラスミドを構築し、それを宿主細胞に導入しても、本実施例と同様の結果を得ることが可能である。
例えば、実施例において開示される変異点に相当する領域のDNAの塩基配列がアミノ酸置換後の配列となるような塩基配列を有するDNAフラグメントをDNAシンセサイザー等で合成し、得られたフラグメントと別途分離しておいたpPT−DB1の該フラグメントに相当する領域とを置換することにより、目的とする組替えプラスミドを取得することができる。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例によって何等限定されるものではない。
以下において、反応液のHPLC分析は、カラムとしてULTRON 80HG(50×8φmm)を用い、10mMリン酸水溶液を展開液として行い、アクリルアミドは220nmの吸光度により検出する。また、本発明の効果を確認するために、得られたアミド化合物含有液中に含まれるタンパク質を分析した。タンパク質濃度は、アミド化合物含有液に含まれるアミド化合物を半透膜により透析除去した後、バイオラット社製タンパク質分析キットを用いて定量し、タンパク質除去率を求めた。
【0033】
実施例1
500mlのバッフル付三角フラスコに下記の組成の培地100mlを調製し、121℃、20分間、オートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が50μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを添加した後、MT−10822株(FERM BP−5785)を一白菌耳植菌し、37℃、130rpmにて20時間培養した。遠心分離(15000G×15分間)により菌体のみを培養液より分離し、続いて、50mlの生理食塩水に該菌体を再懸濁した後に、再度遠心分離を行って湿菌体を得た。
【0034】
上記で得られた湿菌体1.5gを98.5gの0.3mM-NaOH水溶液に懸濁し、この懸濁液にアクリロニトリルを36gを一括添加して、10℃にて攪拌を行いながら反応した。反応開始から24時間後にHPLC分析により反応液の分析を行った。その結果、反応液中にはアクリルアミドのみが存在(濃度=35重量%)しており、アクリロニトリルは認められなかった。この反応液のpHは8.0であった。
この反応液を、10%硫酸水溶液でpH5に調整し、反応液に対し2重量%の活性炭(三倉化成(株)製 粉末活性炭PM−SX)を添加し、25℃で5時間攪拌を行ったあと、濾紙にて濾過を行った。得られた濾液中のタンパク質濃度を測定したところ除去率99%以上であった。また、この濾液液10mlにメタノール100mlを加えても白濁せず、重合物は全く認められなかった。
【0035】
実施例2
実施例1で得られた反応液に対し、10%アクリル酸水溶液でpHを5に調整した以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行い濾液を得た。濾液中のタンパク質濃度を測定したところ除去率99%以上であった。また、この濾液10mlにメタノール100mlを加えても白濁せず、重合物は全く認められなかった。
【0036】
実施例3
ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を保持したアミノ酸置換体の取得
αサブユニットの6番目のLeuをMetに置換するために、特開平9−275978で得られたpPT−DB1プラスミドDNAを鋳型として、宝酒造社製の「LA PCR in vitro mutagenesis Kit」を用いた部位特異的な変異導入を行った。以後、「LA PCR in vitro mutagenesis Kit」を単にキットと呼ぶ。以下の実施例では、基本的にキットの原理および操作方法を踏襲した。
【0037】
30mlの試験管に10mlのLB液体培地を調製し、121℃、20分間オートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が100μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを添加した後、実施例1と同様にMT−10822株を一白菌耳植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養液1mlを適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、遠心分離(15000rpm×5分)により該菌体を分離した。続いてアルカリSDS抽出法により該菌体よりpPT−DB1のプラスミドDNAを調製した。
【0038】
pPT−DB1のプラスミドDNA1μgを鋳型として2種類のPCR反応を行った。PCR反応No.1は、配列表の配列番号1記載のプライマー及びM13プライマーM4(配列表の配列番号2に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、熱変性(98℃)15秒、アニーリング(55℃)30秒、伸長反応(72℃)120秒の条件を25サイクル繰り返すことにより行った。PCR反応No.2は、MUT4プライマー(配列表の配列番号3に配列を記載)及びM13プライマーRV(配列表の配列番号4に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、PCR反応No.1と同様の操作により行った。PCR反応No.1およびNo.2の反応終了液各5μlを用いたアガロース電気泳動(アガロース濃度1.0重量%)によりDNA増幅産物の分析を行ったところ、増幅DNA産物の存在が確認できた。Microcon100(宝酒造社製)を用いてそれぞれのPCR反応終了液より過剰なプライマーおよびdNTPを除去した後、TEを加えて各々50μlの溶液を調製した。該TE溶液を各0.5μlずつ含む全量47.5μlのアニーリング溶液(組成はキットに記載の条件による)を調製し、熱変性処理(98℃)を10分間行った後、37℃まで60分間かけて一定の速度で冷却を行い、続いて37℃で15分間保持することによってアニーリング処理を行った。アニーリング処理液にTAKARALA Taqを0.5μl加えて72℃で3分間加熱処理を行い、ヘテロ2本鎖を完成させた。これにM13プライマーM4(配列表の配列番号2に配列を記載)及びM13プライマーRV(配列表の配列番号4に配列を記載)を各々50pmol加えて全量を50μlとした後、熱変性(98℃)15秒、アニーリング(55℃)30秒、伸長反応(72℃)120秒の条件を25サイクル繰り返すことによるPCR反応No.3を行った。PCR反応No.3の反応終了液5μlを用いたアガロース電気泳動(シグマ社製タイプVII低融点アガロース使用;アガロース濃度0.8重量%)によりDNA増幅産物の分析を行ったところ、約2.0kbpの増幅DNA産物の存在が確認できた。続いて、アガロースゲルから約2.0KbpのDNA断片のみを切り出し、該アガロース片(約0.1g)を細かく粉砕し1mlのTE溶液に懸濁後、55℃で1時間保温してアガロースを完全に融解させた。この融解液に対して常法に従ってフェノール/クロロホルム抽出とエタノール沈澱を行って該DNA断片を精製し、最終的に10μlのTEに溶解した。精製した約2.0kbpの増幅DNA断片を制限酵素EcoRI及びHindIIIにより切断した後、この制限酵素処理液に対してフェノール/クロロホルム抽出とエタノール沈澱を行って該DNA断片を精製し、最終的に10μlのTEに溶解した。同様に、pPT−DB1上の唯一の制限酵素サイトであるEcoRIおよびHindIIIによりpPT−DB1を切断し、アガロースゲル電気泳動(シグマ社製タイプVII低融点アガロース使用;アガロース濃度0.7%)を行い、アガロースゲルから約2.7KbpのDNA断片のみを切り出した。切りだしたアガロース片(約0.1g)を細かく粉砕し1mlのTE溶液に懸濁後、55℃で1時間保温してアガロースを完全に融解させた。この融解液に対してフェノール/クロロホルム抽出とエタノール沈澱を行って該DNA断片を精製し、最終的に10μlのTEに溶解した。この様にして得られた増幅DNA産物とpPT−DB1断片をDNAライゲーションキット(宝酒造社製)を用いて連結させた後、大腸菌HB101のコンピテントセル(東洋紡績社製)を形質転換し、大腸菌バンクを調製した。
【0039】
30mlの試験管に40μg/mlの硫酸第二鉄・七水和物及び10μg/mlの塩化コバルト・二水和物を含む10mlのLB液体培地(以後、活性発現培地と呼ぶ)を調製し、121℃・20分間のオートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が100μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを添加した後、該大腸菌バンクより任意に選別した5クローンを各一白菌耳ずつ植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養終了液1mlをそれぞれ適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、遠心分離(15000rpm×5分)により菌体を分離した。該菌体を200μlのリン酸カリウムバッファー(pH7.0)に懸濁し、これに1重量%のアクリロニトリルを添加して10℃で2分間反応させた。反応液にこれと等量の1Mリン酸水溶液を添加して反応を停止させ、生成したアクリルアミド濃度を実施例2と同様のHPLC分析により測定した。その結果、5クローン中4クローンでアクリルアミドの生成が検出され、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を保持していることが確認された。
【0040】
ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性の測定に供した上記培養液の残部1mlより該4クローンの菌体をそれぞれ分離し、アルカリSDS抽出法により各クローンのプラスミドDNAを調製した。続いて、ABI社製のシークエンシングキットとオートシークエンサー373Aを用いたプライマーエクステンション法により各クローンのニトリルヒドラターゼ構造遺伝子の塩基配列を決定した。その結果、表1(表1)に示したクローンNo.1においてニトリルヒドラターゼのαサブユニットの6番目のLeuがMetに置換されていた。
【0041】
【表1】
【0042】
続いて、 αサブユニットの126番目のPheをTyrに置換するために、クローンNo.1のプラスミドDNAを鋳型として、上述と同様の操作により部位特異的な変異導入を行った。
すなわち、30mlの試験管に10mlのLB液体培地を調製し、121℃・20分間のオートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が100μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを添加した後、得られたクローンNo.1株を一白菌耳植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養液1mlを適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、遠心分離(15000rpm×5分)により菌体を分離した。続いてアルカリSDS抽出法により該菌体よりクローンNo.1株のプラスミドDNAを調製した。
【0043】
このクローンNo.1株のプラスミドDNA1μgを鋳型として2種類のPCR反応を行った。PCR反応No.4は、配列表の配列番号5記載のプライマー及びM13プライマーM4(配列表の配列番号2に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、熱変性(98℃)15秒、アニーリング(55℃)30秒、伸長反応(72℃)120秒の条件を25サイクル繰り返すことにより行った。PCR反応No.5は、MUT4プライマー(配列表の配列番号3に配列を記載)及びM13プライマーRV(配列表の配列番号4に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、PCR反応No.4と同様の操作により行った。PCR反応No.4およびNo.5の反応終了液各5μlを用いたアガロース電気泳動(アガロース濃度1.0重量%)によりDNA増幅産物の分析を行ったところ、増幅DNA産物の存在が確認できた。以後、クローンNo.1の場合と全く同じ操作により大腸菌バンクを調製した。
【0044】
該大腸菌バンクより任意に選別した5クローンをクローンNo.1の場合と同じ活性発現培地10mlに各一白菌耳ずつ植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養終了液1mlをそれぞれ適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を測定した。その結果、5クローン中4クローンでアクリルアミドの生成が検出され、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を保持していることが確認された。
【0045】
ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性の測定に供した上記培養液の残部1mlより該4クローンの菌体をそれぞれ分離し、アルカリSDS抽出法により各クローンのプラスミドDNAを調製した。続いて、クローンNo.1の場合と同様の操作により各クローンのニトリルヒドラターゼ構造遺伝子の塩基配列を決定した。その結果、表2(表2)に示したクローンNo.2においてニトリルヒドラターゼのαサブユニットの6番目のLeuがMetに、αサブユニットの126番目のPheがTyrにそれぞれ置換されていた。
【0046】
【表2】
【0047】
続いて、βサブユニットの212番目のSerをTyrに置換するために、クローンNo.2のプラスミドDNAを鋳型として、上述と同様の操作により部位特異的な変異導入を行った。
すなわち、30mlの試験管に10mlのLB液体培地を調製し、121℃・20分間のオートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が100μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを添加した後、得られたクローンNo.2株を一白菌耳植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養液1mlを適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、遠心分離(15000rpm×5分)により菌体を分離した。続いてアルカリSDS抽出法により該菌体よりクローンNo.1株のプラスミドDNAを調製した。
【0048】
このクローンNo.2のプラスミドDNA1μgを鋳型として2種類のPCR反応を行った。PCR反応No.6は、配列表の配列番号6記載のプライマー及びM13プライマーM4(配列表の配列番号2に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、熱変性(98℃)15秒、アニーリング(55℃)30秒、伸長反応(72℃)120秒の条件を25サイクル繰り返すことにより行った。PCR反応No.7は、MUT4プライマー(配列表の配列番号3に配列を記載)及びM13プライマーRV(配列表の配列番号4に配列を記載)を各々50pmol含む全量50μlの系(組成はキットに記載の条件による)で、PCR反応No.6と同様の操作により行った。PCR反応No.6およびNo.7の反応終了液各5μlを用いたアガロース電気泳動(アガロース濃度1.0重量%)によりDNA増幅産物の分析を行ったところ、増幅DNA産物の存在が確認できた。以後、クローンNo.1の場合と全く同じ操作により大腸菌バンクを調製した。
【0049】
該大腸菌バンクより任意に選別した5クローンをクローンNo.1の場合と同じ活性発現培地10mlに各一白菌耳ずつ植菌し、37℃・300rpmにて約20時間培養した。該培養終了液1mlをそれぞれ適当な遠心チューブに分取した後、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を測定した。その結果、5クローン中4クローンでアクリルアミドの生成が検出され、ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性を保持していることが確認された。
【0050】
ニトリルヒドラターゼ活性の測定に供した上記培養液の残部1mlより該4クローンの菌体をそれぞれ分離し、アルカリSDS抽出法により各クローンのプラスミドDNAを調製した。続いて、クローンNo.1の場合と同様の操作により各クローンのニトリルヒドラターゼ構造遺伝子の塩基配列を決定した。その結果、表3(表3)に示したクローンNo.3においてニトリルヒドラターゼのβサブユニットの212番目のSerがTyrに置換されていた。
【0051】
【表3】
【0052】
このクローンNO.3の菌体を実施例1と同様に培養し、反応に必要な菌体を得た。
更に、得られた湿菌体1.5gを98.5gの0.3mM-NaOH水溶液に懸濁し、この懸濁液にアクリロニトリルを60g一括添加して、10℃にて攪拌を行いながら反応した。反応開始から24時間後にHPLC分析により反応液の分析を行った。その結果、反応液中にはアクリルアミドのみが存在(濃度=50重量%)しており、アクリロニトリルは認められなかった。この反応液のpHは8.0であった。
この反応液を、10%硫酸水溶液でpH5に調整し、反応液に対し2重量%の活性炭(三倉化成(株)製 粉末活性炭PM−SX)を添加し、25℃で5時間攪拌を行ったあと、濾紙にて濾過を行った。得られた濾液中のタンパク質除去率を測定したところ、除去率99%以上であった。また、この濾液10mlにメタノール100mlを加えても白濁せず、重合物は全く認められなかった。
【0053】
実施例4
実施例3で得られた水和反応液に対し、10%硫酸水溶液でpHを3に調整した以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行い濾液を得た。濾液中のタンパク質除去率を測定したところ除去率75%であった。また、この濾液10mlにメタノール100mlを加えても白濁せず、重合物は全く認められなかった。
【0054】
比較例1
実施例3で得られた水和反応液に対し、10%硫酸水溶液でpHを7に調整した以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行い濾液を得た。濾液中のタンパク質除去率を測定したところ除去率25%であった。
【0055】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明、特に上記実施例および比較例の結果からも明らかなように、本発明の方法によれば、従来の活性炭による精製方法に比べ、酸性下で活性炭と接触させることにより、遙かに効果的にアミド化合物の精製を行うことができる。特に、本発明の方法により精製されたアクリルアミドを重合したとき、高分子量で、保存安定性に優れ、また、高い水溶性を有するポリアクリルアミドを得ることができる。
【0056】
【配列表】
<110>Mitsui Chemicals Inc.<120>Process for purifying amide compound<130>31000078<150>JP P2000−007993<151>2000−1−17<160>6<210>1<211>18<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>1aacatcatgc gcaagtcg 18<210>2<211>17<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>2caggaaacag ctatgac 17<210>3<211>20<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>3ggccagtgcc tagcttacat 20<210>4<211>17<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>4gttttcccag tcacgac 17<210>5<211>18<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>5aactggtaca aggagccg 18<210>6<211>18<212>DNA<213>Artificial Sequence<400>6ccgaactaca gcgtctac 18[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for purifying an amide compound. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for efficiently obtaining a highly pure amide compound by treating an amide compound-containing liquid with activated carbon.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amide compound, especially the amide compound product obtained by hydrating a nitrile compound, although the type varies depending on the production method, usually contains polymer substances, surfactants, colored components, eluates, or other impurities. Exists. In order to remove these, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-115495 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-122253 disclose a purification method using activated carbon, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-115058 discloses a purification treatment using an ion exchange membrane. JP-A 61-122227 describes a purification method using a porous hollow fiber membrane.
[0003]
However, the purification method using the ion exchange membrane or the porous hollow fiber membrane requires a special purification device. For example, a disadvantage in terms of economy cannot be avoided.
Moreover, in the purification method using activated carbon, although no special equipment is usually required, impurities are still present in the obtained product, and the effect is still insufficient. In particular, when an amide compound is produced by directly hydrating a nitrile compound using nitrile hydratase or the like, which is an enzyme having nitrile hydration ability, the above-described purification method using activated carbon is a microorganism mixed in the reaction solution. As a result, if the amount is too small, the reaction solution tends to foam, and if the amount is too much, the reaction solution becomes cloudy, which adversely affects product quality. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing impurities contained in an amide compound-containing liquid. More specifically, the present invention provides a simple and efficient purification method for treating an amide compound-containing liquid obtained when producing a corresponding amide compound from a nitrile compound using activated carbon. This is the issue.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied the purification method of the amide compound-containing liquid using activated carbon. By contacting the amide compound-containing liquid with activated carbon under acidic conditions, the specific pH can be further increased. It has been found that impurities, particularly proteins, contained in the amide compound-containing liquid can be removed very efficiently by contacting with activated carbon in the region.
[0006]
In particular, according to conventional knowledge, amide compounds having an unsaturated bond (for example, acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc., which are relatively important compounds in industry) tend to undergo a polymerization reaction in the acidic region and become unstable. In order to avoid this, it has been important to keep the solution containing the amide compound neutral. From this point of view as well, the purification treatment technique under the above conditions cannot be expected from the prior art.
[0007]
That is, the present invention
(1) A method for purifying an amide compound, comprising contacting an amide compound-containing solution with activated carbon under acidic conditions,
(2) The purification method according to (1), wherein the amide compound-containing liquid is a product liquid obtained by a hydration reaction of a corresponding nitrile compound,
(3) The purification method according to (1) or (2), wherein the amide compound has 2 to 20 carbon atoms,
(4) The purification method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the amide compound has an unsaturated bond,
(5) The purification method according to (4), wherein the amide compound is acrylamide or methacrylamide;
(6) The purification method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the amide compound is synthesized using a microbial cell containing nitrile hydratase or a processed product of the microbial cell. And also
(7) The purification method according to (6), wherein the microbial cell is a transformant in which a nitrile hydratase gene cloned from a microorganism is expressed in an arbitrary host,
(8) The purification method according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the pH of the amide compound-containing liquid at the time of contact with activated carbon is 3.5 to 6.5,
(9) Any one of (1) to (8), wherein the amide compound-containing liquid is prepared acidic using an organic acid having an acid dissociation index of 3.5 to 5.5, or the organic acid and a base. A purification method according to claim 1, and
(10) The purification method according to (9), wherein the organic acid is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid,
(11) The purification method according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the activated carbon is activated carbon made of wood or coconut shell,
(12) The purification method according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the temperature at the time of contact with activated carbon is 10 to 50 ° C,
(13) After bringing the amide compound-containing liquid into contact with activated carbon, the activated carbon is separated, and the residual liquid is set to a saturation temperature or lower to precipitate crystals, (1) to (12), It is a purification method.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The amide compound-containing liquid in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples include a amide compound-containing product liquid obtained by hydrating a nitrile compound having about 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The nitrile compound subjected to the hydration reaction includes a wide range of nitriles such as aliphatic nitriles and aromatic nitriles. As aliphatic nitriles, saturated or unsaturated nitriles having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, aliphatic saturated mononitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, barrel nitrile, isovaleronitrile, capronitrile, etc .; Aliphatic saturated dinitriles such as malononitrile, succinonitrile, and adiponitrile; aliphatic unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and crotononitrile. Aromatic nitriles include benzonitrile, o-, m-, and p-chlorobenzonitrile, o-, m-, and p-fluorobenzonitrile, o-, m-, and p-nitrobenzonitrile, o- Acrylamide, methacrylamide obtained by hydrating a nitrile compound having an unsaturated bond, such as acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, and the like. The purification method of the present invention is suitable for the aqueous solution containing it.
[0009]
In the present invention, the amide compound-containing liquid to be treated may be obtained by any known hydration method. Namely, a hydration method using sulfuric acid, a catalytic hydration method using a catalyst containing metallic copper such as a Raney copper catalyst, an enzyme (nitrile hydratase) having the ability to hydrate a nitrile compound, and a microbial cell containing the enzyme, Any of those hydrated using the above-mentioned enzyme and microbial cell processed product may be used.
[0010]
Among these, nitrile hydratase, which is an enzyme capable of hydrating a nitrile compound, a processed product of nitrile hydratase, a microbial cell containing nitrile hydratase, or a processed product of the microbial cell can be obtained. The amide compound-containing liquid is suitable for the purification method of the present invention.
The nitrile hydratase in the above refers to an enzyme having the ability to hydrolyze a nitrile compound to produce a corresponding amide compound.
[0011]
Here, as a microorganism containing nitrile hydratase, nitrile hydratase having the ability to hydrolyze a nitrile compound to produce a corresponding amide compound is produced, and nitrile hydratase is produced in 30% by weight acrylamide aqueous solution. The microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it retains the activity. Specifically, the genus Nocardia, the genus Corynebacterium, the genus Bacillus, the thermophilic Bacillus, the Pseudomonas genus, the Micrococcus genus, the Rhodochrous species Rhodococcus genus, Acinetobacter genus, Xanthobacter genus, Streptomyces genus, Rhizobium genus, Klebsiella genus, Enterobacter genus represented by Pseudonocardia represented by the genus Erwinia, Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Achromobacter, Agrobacterium or thermophila A preferred example is a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudonocardia).
[0012]
Further, a transformant obtained by expressing a nitrile hydratase gene cloned from the microorganism in an arbitrary host is also included in the microorganism referred to in the present invention. As an arbitrary host mentioned here, Escherichia coli can be mentioned as a representative example as in Examples described later, but is not particularly limited to Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus subtilis. Other microbial strains such as genera, yeasts and actinomycetes are also included. As an example of such a case, MT-10822 (this strain was assigned to the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 1-3 1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture on February 7, 1996. -5785, deposited under the Budapest Treaty on the International Approval of Deposits of Microorganisms in Patent Procedures). In addition, by using recombinant DNA technology, one or more of the constituent amino acids of the enzyme may be substituted, deleted, deleted or inserted with other amino acids to further enhance amide compound resistance, nitrile compound resistance, and temperature resistance. A transformant expressing an improved mutant nitrile hydratase is also included in the microorganism referred to in the present invention.
[0013]
When an amide compound is produced using the above-described microorganism, the microorganism or a treated product of the microorganism is usually used. The microbial cells may be prepared by using general methods known in the fields of molecular biology, biotechnology, and genetic engineering. For example, after inoculating the microorganism in a normal liquid medium such as LB medium or M9 medium, an appropriate culture temperature (generally 20 ° C. to 50 ° C., but in the case of thermophilic bacteria, it may be 50 ° C. or higher) And the microorganism is then separated and recovered from the culture solution by centrifugation.
[0014]
In addition, the microbial cell treated product in the present invention is an extract or ground product of the above microbial cell, a post-separated product obtained by separating and purifying the nitrile hydratase activity fraction of the extract or ground product, This refers to an immobilized product obtained by immobilizing microbial cells, extracts of the cells, ground products, and post-segregated materials using an appropriate carrier, and so on as long as these have nitrile hydratase activity. Corresponds to the treated bacterial cells.
[0015]
In the amide compound to be purified by the present invention, a reaction mode in the case of obtaining a amide compound by hydrating a nitrile compound using a microbial cell containing nitrile hydratase or a treated product of the microbial cell, The corresponding nitrile compound may be subjected to a batch reaction or may be a continuous reaction. Also, the reaction format is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be carried out as a suspended bed or a fixed bed. In this case, the concentration of the catalyst, for example, the microbial cell or the treated microbial product in the reaction solution is not particularly limited as long as the mixing of the aqueous medium and the nitrile compound is not hindered.
[0016]
In the above, the concentration of the nitrile compound when the nitrile compound is added at the start of the reaction may be not less than the saturation concentration of the nitrile compound. On the other hand, the upper limit of the concentration is not particularly limited, and may be arbitrarily determined depending on the assumed amide compound concentration and nitrile compound concentration at the end of the reaction.
[0017]
Further, the unreacted nitrile compound can be removed from the reaction solution by a means such as distillation after the reaction. Therefore, the nitrile compound can also be added so that the nitrile compound becomes excessive even when the expected amide compound concentration at the end of the reaction is reached.
Specifically, for example, when the nitrile compound is acrylonitrile, the saturated concentration of the present compound with respect to water is about 7% by weight at 20 ° C., so about 7% by weight or more is preferable. When methacrylonitrile or crotonnitrile is a nitrile compound, the saturation concentration of these compounds with respect to water is about 2% by weight at 20 ° C., so about 2% by weight or more is preferable.
[0018]
The amidation reaction in the above is usually carried out under normal pressure, but can also be carried out under pressure in order to increase the solubility of the nitrile compound in the aqueous medium. The reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is not lower than the freezing point of the aqueous medium. However, when the catalyst contains nitrile hydratase, the reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 10 to 30 ° C. .
[0019]
Further, the pH of the reaction solution at the time of the amidation reaction is not particularly limited as long as the nitrile hydratase activity is maintained, but it is preferably in the range of pH 6 to 10, more preferably pH 7 to 9. It is a range.
[0020]
Purification of the amide compound in the present invention is carried out by bringing the liquid containing the amide compound into contact with activated carbon under acidic conditions, preferably at pH 2 or higher, more preferably at pH 3.5 to 6.5.
[0021]
In the present invention, in order to make an amide compound-containing solution acidic, it is usually necessary to add an acid to the amide compound-containing solution, but the acid type must be one that does not affect the stability of the amide compound. A wide range can be used, for example, mineral acids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, or organic acids such as acetic acid and acrylic acid, and two or more kinds may be used. Among these, in the present invention, the use of a weak acid is effective in that the pH adjustment is easier and more stable, and a higher purification effect and stability of the amide compound are obtained. It is very preferable to adjust to the above pH range using both a weak acid and a base.
[0022]
The weak acid preferably used is preferably one having an acid dissociation index (pKa; 25 ° C., in water) of 2.0 to 6.0, more preferably 3.5 to 5.5 in consideration of the pH control range. Is more preferable. Representative of these acids are aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid and valeric acid, aliphatic unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, crotonic acid and methacrylic acid, oxalic acid and adipine. Examples thereof include aliphatic polycarboxylic acids such as acid, succinic acid and maleic acid, and aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid. The base is preferably a strong base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
[0023]
In the present invention, when the amide compound to be treated is particularly one having an unsaturated bond, when it is subjected to a polymerization reaction after purification, an acid is contained in the obtained polymer. Inconvenience of remaining or freeing will be caused. Therefore, when an amide compound having an unsaturated bond as described above is to be purified, the acid has an unsaturated bond and can be copolymerized with the amide compound. Specifically, it is preferable to use acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or crotonic acid.
[0024]
In the present invention, the concentration of the acid or the acid and the base depends on the property of the amide compound-containing liquid and the pKa of the acid used, but is usually 10 ppm to 5% by weight with respect to the amide compound-containing liquid in terms of acid. Range.
[0025]
Further, in the present invention, the amide compound-containing liquid is brought into contact with activated carbon under the above-described acidic conditions. There is no particular limitation, and any method may be used in which the amide compound-containing solution is prepared under acidity simultaneously with the addition of activated carbon.
[0026]
There is no particular limitation on the activated carbon used in the present invention, and it can be used in either powder or granular form. Moreover, what is necessary is just to use the apparatus suitable for the particle size of the used activated carbon also in the apparatus which performs a refinement | purification process. For example, when powdered activated carbon is used, it can be carried out either batchwise or continuously in a tank in which the liquid can be stirred. Moreover, when using granular activated carbon, the continuous process by a packed tower format other than the said format is also possible.
[0027]
In addition, activated carbon generally includes coal, wood, coconut shell and the like as raw materials, but there is no particular limitation as long as it has adsorption ability, and any of them may be used. It is possible to use.
However, when the amide compound to be treated has an unsaturated bond in particular, considering the storage stability and ease of polymerization of the amide compound, the activated carbon should have a low metal content. It is preferable to use, and it is more preferable to use a raw material made of wood or a coconut shell.
[0028]
In the present invention, when the amount of activated carbon used for purification treatment of the amide compound is too small, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient purification effect. The amount is usually in the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 10% by weight with respect to the amide compound-containing liquid.
When activated carbon is used in particular in the form of powder, the activated carbon may be added directly to the amide compound-containing liquid as it is, or once activated carbon is dispersed in a medium such as water to form a slurry. You may make it add or supply to an amide compound containing liquid.
[0029]
In the present invention, the temperature at which the amide compound-containing liquid is purified by activated carbon is not particularly limited as long as the amide compound crystals are not precipitated and the stability thereof is not affected. It is carried out in the range of -80 ° C. In particular, when purifying an amide compound-containing liquid having an unsaturated bond, such as an acrylamide or methacrylamide-containing liquid, in order to prevent gelation due to the occurrence of a polymerization reaction, it is in the range of 60 ° C. or lower, and further in the range of 10-50 ° C. It is preferable to contact with activated carbon. The time required for the contact treatment with activated carbon is usually in the range of 0.5 to 20 hours, although it depends on the type of treatment and the amount of activated carbon.
[0030]
Next, in the present invention, the activated carbon is separated from the contact-treated amide compound-containing liquid to obtain a purified liquid of the amide compound-containing liquid. The method for separating activated carbon is not particularly limited as long as it is a method using a commonly used solid-liquid separation device, and examples thereof include a pressure filter, a vacuum filter, a centrifuge, and the like. Any of continuous type may be used.
Further, in the present invention, a further purified amide compound is obtained by adopting a method of cooling the amide compound-containing liquid after separating the activated carbon and crystallizing the target amide compound from the liquid. Is also possible.
[0031]
In this example, amino acid substitutions that retain nitrile hydratase activity are obtained by site-specific mutation. However, even if a recombinant plasmid is constructed by a method other than site-specific mutation and introduced into a host cell based on the type of base to be replaced with the mutation point disclosed in the examples, Similar results can be obtained.
For example, a DNA fragment having a base sequence in which the base sequence of the DNA corresponding to the mutation point disclosed in the Examples becomes the sequence after amino acid substitution is synthesized with a DNA synthesizer or the like, and separated from the obtained fragment separately. By substituting the region corresponding to the fragment of pPT-DB1 previously prepared, the intended recombinant plasmid can be obtained.
[0032]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated still in detail, this invention is not limited at all by the following examples.
In the following, HPLC analysis of the reaction solution is performed using ULTRON 80HG (50 × 8 φmm) as a column, 10 mM phosphoric acid aqueous solution as a developing solution, and acrylamide is detected by absorbance at 220 nm. Moreover, in order to confirm the effect of this invention, the protein contained in the obtained amide compound containing liquid was analyzed. The protein concentration was dialyzed and removed from the amide compound-containing solution using a semipermeable membrane, and then quantified using a protein analysis kit manufactured by Biorat to determine the protein removal rate.
[0033]
Example 1
100 ml of a medium having the following composition was prepared in a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. Ampicillin was added to this medium so that the final concentration would be 50 μg / ml, and then MT-10822 strain (FERM BP-5785) was inoculated in the ears and cultured at 37 ° C. and 130 rpm for 20 hours. Only bacterial cells were separated from the culture solution by centrifugation (15000G × 15 minutes), then resuspended in 50 ml of physiological saline, and then centrifuged again to obtain wet cells. .
[0034]
The wet cells 1.5 g obtained above were suspended in 98.5 g of 0.3 mM NaOH aqueous solution, and 36 g of acrylonitrile was added all at once to this suspension and reacted while stirring at 10 ° C. . The reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC analysis 24 hours after the start of the reaction. As a result, only acrylamide was present in the reaction solution (concentration = 35% by weight), and acrylonitrile was not observed. The pH of this reaction solution was 8.0.
The reaction solution was adjusted to pH 5 with a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution, 2% by weight of activated carbon (powdered activated carbon PM-SX manufactured by Mikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours. Then, filtration was performed with filter paper. When the protein concentration in the obtained filtrate was measured, the removal rate was 99% or more. Further, even when 100 ml of methanol was added to 10 ml of the filtrate, no cloudiness was observed and no polymer was observed.
[0035]
Example 2
The reaction solution obtained in Example 1 was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH was adjusted to 5 with a 10% aqueous acrylic acid solution to obtain a filtrate. When the protein concentration in the filtrate was measured, the removal rate was 99% or more. Further, even when 100 ml of methanol was added to 10 ml of the filtrate, it did not become cloudy and no polymer was observed.
[0036]
Example 3
Obtaining amino acid substitutions that retain nitrile hydratase activity
A site using “LA PCR in vitro mutation Kit” manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. using the pPT-DB1 plasmid DNA obtained in JP-A-9-275978 as a template to replace the 6th Leu of the α subunit with Met. Specific mutagenesis was performed. Hereinafter, “LA PCR in vitro maturation kit” is simply referred to as a kit. In the following examples, the principle and operation method of the kit were basically followed.
[0037]
10 ml of LB liquid medium was prepared in a 30 ml test tube, and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. Ampicillin was added to this medium so that the final concentration was 100 μg / ml, and then MT-10822 strain was inoculated in the same manner as in Example 1 and cultured at 37 ° C. and 300 rpm for about 20 hours. 1 ml of the culture solution was collected in a suitable centrifuge tube, and then the cells were separated by centrifugation (15000 rpm × 5 minutes). Subsequently, plasmid DNA of pPT-DB1 was prepared from the cells by alkaline SDS extraction.
[0038]
Two kinds of PCR reactions were performed using 1 μg of plasmid DNA of pPT-DB1 as a template. PCR reaction no. 1 is a system of 50 μl in total containing 50 pmol each of the primer described in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing and the M13 primer M4 (sequence listed in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing) (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit). The conditions of (98 ° C.) for 15 seconds, annealing (55 ° C.) for 30 seconds, and extension reaction (72 ° C.) for 120 seconds were repeated 25 cycles. PCR reaction no. 2 is a system of 50 μl in total containing 50 pmol each of MUT4 primer (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing) and M13 primer RV (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing) (composition depends on conditions described in the kit) ) PCR reaction No. The same operation as in No. 1 was performed. PCR reaction no. 1 and no. When the amplified DNA product was analyzed by agarose electrophoresis (agarose concentration: 1.0% by weight) using 5 μl each of the reaction completed solution of No. 2, the presence of the amplified DNA product could be confirmed. Excess primer and dNTP were removed from each PCR reaction completed solution using Microcon 100 (Takara Shuzo), and then TE was added to prepare 50 μl of each solution. A total amount of 47.5 μl of an annealing solution containing 0.5 μl of each TE solution (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit) was prepared, heat denaturation treatment (98 ° C.) was performed for 10 minutes, and then to 37 ° C. for 60 minutes. Then, cooling was performed at a constant rate, followed by annealing at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes. 0.5 μl of TAKARALA Taq was added to the annealing treatment solution, and heat treatment was performed at 72 ° C. for 3 minutes to complete the heteroduplex. After adding 50 pmol each of M13 primer M4 (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing) and M13 primer RV (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing) to a total volume of 50 μl, heat denaturation (98 ° C. ) PCR reaction No. 1 by repeating 25 cycles of 15 seconds, annealing (55 ° C.) 30 seconds, extension reaction (72 ° C.) 120 seconds. 3 was performed. PCR reaction no. When the DNA amplification product was analyzed by agarose electrophoresis (using Sigma type VII low melting point agarose; agarose concentration of 0.8% by weight) using 5 μl of the reaction completion solution of No. 3, the amplified DNA product was about 2.0 kbp. The existence of was confirmed. Subsequently, only a DNA fragment of about 2.0 Kbp was cut out from the agarose gel, the agarose piece (about 0.1 g) was finely pulverized and suspended in 1 ml of TE solution, and then kept at 55 ° C. for 1 hour to complete the agarose. To melt. This melt was subjected to phenol / chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation according to a conventional method to purify the DNA fragment, and finally dissolved in 10 μl of TE. The purified amplified DNA fragment of about 2.0 kbp was cleaved with restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, followed by phenol / chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation with respect to this restriction enzyme treatment solution, and finally the DNA fragment was purified by 10 μl. In TE. Similarly, pPT-DB1 was cleaved with EcoRI and HindIII, which are the only restriction enzyme sites on pPT-DB1, and agarose gel electrophoresis (using Sigma type VII low melting point agarose; agarose concentration 0.7%) was performed. Only a DNA fragment of about 2.7 Kbp was cut out from the agarose gel. The cut agarose pieces (about 0.1 g) were finely pulverized and suspended in 1 ml of TE solution, and then kept at 55 ° C. for 1 hour to completely melt the agarose. The melt was subjected to phenol / chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation to purify the DNA fragment, and finally dissolved in 10 μl of TE. The amplified DNA product thus obtained and the pPT-DB1 fragment were ligated using a DNA ligation kit (Takara Shuzo), and transformed into E. coli HB101 competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd.). A bank was prepared.
[0039]
10 ml of LB liquid medium (hereinafter referred to as activity expression medium) containing 40 μg / ml ferric sulfate heptahydrate and 10 μg / ml cobalt chloride dihydrate in a 30 ml test tube, Sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After ampicillin was added to this medium to a final concentration of 100 μg / ml, 5 clones arbitrarily selected from the E. coli bank were inoculated one by one, and cultured at 37 ° C./300 rpm for about 20 hours. did. After 1 ml of the culture-finished solution was dispensed into an appropriate centrifuge tube, the cells were separated by centrifugation (15000 rpm × 5 minutes). The cells were suspended in 200 μl of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and 1% by weight of acrylonitrile was added thereto and reacted at 10 ° C. for 2 minutes. The reaction was stopped by adding an equal amount of 1M phosphoric acid aqueous solution to the reaction solution, and the resulting acrylamide concentration was measured by the same HPLC analysis as in Example 2. As a result, production of acrylamide was detected in 4 out of 5 clones, and it was confirmed that the nitrile hydratase activity was retained.
[0040]
The cells of the 4 clones were separated from the remaining 1 ml of the culture solution used for the measurement of nitrile hydratase activity, and plasmid DNA of each clone was prepared by alkaline SDS extraction. Subsequently, the base sequence of the nitrile hydratase structural gene of each clone was determined by a primer extension method using a sequencing kit manufactured by ABI and an autosequencer 373A. As a result, clone No. shown in Table 1 (Table 1) was obtained. In 1, the 6th Leu of the α subunit of nitrile hydratase was replaced with Met.
[0041]
[Table 1]
[0042]
Subsequently, in order to replace the 126 th Phe of the α subunit with Tyr, clone no. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed by the same operation as described above using the plasmid DNA of No. 1 as a template.
That is, 10 ml of LB liquid medium was prepared in a 30 ml test tube and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After adding ampicillin to this medium to a final concentration of 100 μg / ml, the obtained clone No. One strain was inoculated with a white fungus and cultured at 37 ° C. and 300 rpm for about 20 hours. 1 ml of the culture solution was collected in a suitable centrifuge tube, and then the cells were separated by centrifugation (15000 rpm × 5 minutes). Subsequently, clone No. 1 was obtained from the cells by alkaline SDS extraction. One strain of plasmid DNA was prepared.
[0043]
This clone No. Two types of PCR reactions were performed using 1 μg of plasmid DNA of one strain as a template. PCR reaction no. 4 is a 50 μl total system (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit) containing 50 pmol each of the primer described in SEQ ID NO: 5 in the sequence listing and the M13 primer M4 (sequence listed in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing). The conditions of (98 ° C.) for 15 seconds, annealing (55 ° C.) for 30 seconds, and extension reaction (72 ° C.) for 120 seconds were repeated 25 cycles. PCR reaction no. 5 is a 50 μl total system containing 50 pmol each of the MUT4 primer (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing) and M13 primer RV (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing) (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit) ) PCR reaction No. The same operation as in No. 4 was performed. PCR reaction no. 4 and no. When the amplified DNA product was analyzed by agarose electrophoresis (agarose concentration 1.0% by weight) using 5 μl of each of the 5 reaction finished solutions, the presence of the amplified DNA product was confirmed. Thereafter, clone no. An E. coli bank was prepared by exactly the same operation as in 1.
[0044]
Five clones arbitrarily selected from the E. coli bank were identified as clone no. Each of the white fungus ears was inoculated into 10 ml of the same activity expression medium as in the case of 1, and cultured at 37 ° C. and 300 rpm for about 20 hours. After each 1 ml of the culture-finished solution was dispensed into an appropriate centrifuge tube, the nitrile hydratase activity was measured. As a result, production of acrylamide was detected in 4 out of 5 clones, and it was confirmed that the nitrile hydratase activity was retained.
[0045]
The cells of the 4 clones were separated from the remaining 1 ml of the culture solution used for the measurement of nitrile hydratase activity, and plasmid DNA of each clone was prepared by alkaline SDS extraction. Subsequently, clone no. The base sequence of the nitrile hydratase structural gene of each clone was determined by the same operation as in 1. As a result, clone No. shown in Table 2 (Table 2) was obtained. In No. 2, the 6th Leu of the α subunit of the nitrile hydratase was substituted with Met, and the 126th Phe of the α subunit was substituted with Tyr.
[0046]
[Table 2]
[0047]
Subsequently, in order to replace the 212th Ser of the β subunit with Tyr, clone no. Using the plasmid DNA of 2 as a template, site-specific mutagenesis was performed by the same operation as described above.
That is, 10 ml of LB liquid medium was prepared in a 30 ml test tube and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After adding ampicillin to this medium to a final concentration of 100 μg / ml, the obtained clone No. Two strains were inoculated with ears of white and cultured at 37 ° C. and 300 rpm for about 20 hours. 1 ml of the culture solution was collected in a suitable centrifuge tube, and then the cells were separated by centrifugation (15000 rpm × 5 minutes). Subsequently, clone No. 1 was obtained from the cells by alkaline SDS extraction. One strain of plasmid DNA was prepared.
[0048]
This clone No. Two kinds of PCR reactions were performed using 1 μg of the plasmid DNA of 2 as a template. PCR reaction no. 6 is a 50 μl total system (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit) containing 50 pmol each of the primer described in SEQ ID NO: 6 in the sequence listing and the M13 primer M4 (sequence listed in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing). The conditions of (98 ° C.) for 15 seconds, annealing (55 ° C.) for 30 seconds, and extension reaction (72 ° C.) for 120 seconds were repeated 25 cycles. PCR reaction no. 7 is a 50 μl total system containing 50 pmol each of the MUT4 primer (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing) and M13 primer RV (sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing) (composition depends on the conditions described in the kit) ) PCR reaction No. The same operation as in No. 6 was performed. PCR reaction no. 6 and no. When the amplified DNA product was analyzed by agarose electrophoresis (agarose concentration: 1.0% by weight) using 5 μl of each of the reaction completed solutions in No. 7, the presence of the amplified DNA product was confirmed. Thereafter, clone no. An E. coli bank was prepared by exactly the same operation as in 1.
[0049]
Five clones arbitrarily selected from the E. coli bank were identified as clone no. Each of the white fungus ears was inoculated into 10 ml of the same activity expression medium as in the case of 1, and cultured at 37 ° C. and 300 rpm for about 20 hours. After each 1 ml of the culture-finished solution was dispensed into an appropriate centrifuge tube, the nitrile hydratase activity was measured. As a result, production of acrylamide was detected in 4 out of 5 clones, and it was confirmed that the nitrile hydratase activity was retained.
[0050]
The cells of the 4 clones were separated from the remaining 1 ml of the culture solution used for the measurement of nitrile hydratase activity, and plasmid DNA of each clone was prepared by alkaline SDS extraction. Subsequently, clone no. The base sequence of the nitrile hydratase structural gene of each clone was determined by the same operation as in 1. As a result, clone No. shown in Table 3 (Table 3) was obtained. In No. 3, Ser at position 212 of the β subunit of nitrile hydratase was substituted with Tyr.
[0051]
[Table 3]
[0052]
This clone NO. 3 cells were cultured in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain cells necessary for the reaction.
Furthermore, 1.5 g of the obtained wet cells were suspended in 98.5 g of 0.3 mM NaOH aqueous solution, and 60 g of acrylonitrile was added all at once to this suspension, followed by reaction at 10 ° C. with stirring. The reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC analysis 24 hours after the start of the reaction. As a result, only acrylamide was present in the reaction solution (concentration = 50% by weight), and acrylonitrile was not observed. The pH of this reaction solution was 8.0.
The reaction solution was adjusted to pH 5 with a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution, 2% by weight of activated carbon (powdered activated carbon PM-SX manufactured by Mikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours. Then, filtration was performed with filter paper. When the protein removal rate in the obtained filtrate was measured, the removal rate was 99% or more. Further, even when 100 ml of methanol was added to 10 ml of the filtrate, it did not become cloudy and no polymer was observed.
[0053]
Example 4
A filtrate was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 1 except that the pH of the hydration reaction solution obtained in Example 3 was adjusted to 3 with a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The protein removal rate in the filtrate was measured and found to be 75%. Further, even when 100 ml of methanol was added to 10 ml of the filtrate, it did not become cloudy and no polymer was observed.
[0054]
Comparative Example 1
A filtrate was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 1 except that the hydration reaction solution obtained in Example 3 was adjusted to pH 7 with a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The protein removal rate in the filtrate was measured and found to be 25%.
[0055]
【Effect of the invention】
As is clear from the above description, particularly the results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples, according to the method of the present invention, compared with the conventional purification method using activated carbon, by contacting with activated carbon under acidic conditions, The amide compound can be effectively purified. In particular, when acrylamide purified by the method of the present invention is polymerized, a polyacrylamide having a high molecular weight, excellent storage stability, and high water solubility can be obtained.
[0056]
[Sequence Listing]
<110> Mitsui Chemicals Inc. <120> Process for purifying aming compound <130> 31000078 <150> JP P2000-007993 <151> 2000-1-17 <160> 6 <210> 1 <211> 18 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400 > 1aacatcatgc gcaagtcg 18 <210> 2 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400> 2caggaaacag ctatgac 17 <210> 3 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400> 3ggcccattgcc tag <210> 4 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400> 4gtttttcccag tcacgac 17 <210> 5 <211> 1 8 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400> 5aactggtaca aggagccg 18 <210> 6 <211> 18 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <400> 6ccgaactaca gcgtctac 18
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001007124A JP4959059B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-16 | Method for purifying amide compounds |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2000007993 | 2000-01-17 | ||
| JP2000-7993 | 2000-01-17 | ||
| JP2000007993 | 2000-01-17 | ||
| JP2001007124A JP4959059B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-16 | Method for purifying amide compounds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2001270857A JP2001270857A (en) | 2001-10-02 |
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| JP2005298656A (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-10-27 | Toto Ltd | Glass-hydrophilizing agent |
| KR20110038183A (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2011-04-13 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Method for preparing an amide compound |
| WO2007132601A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | (meth)acrylamide production method |
| JP5430659B2 (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2014-03-05 | 三井化学株式会社 | Method for producing treated bacterial cells |
| AU2017388945B2 (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2021-06-03 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Mutant nitrile hydratase, nucleic acid coding said mutant nitrile hydratase, expression vector and transformant including said nucleic acid, production method for said mutant nitrile hydratase, and production method for amide compound |
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