JP4960603B2 - Automatic concrete loading system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ready-mixed automatic production and loading system that automatically manufactures ready-mixed concrete from a concrete material and loads ready-mixed concrete onto a mixer truck in a ready-mixed concrete plant.

Conventionally, when loading a ready-mixed concrete mixer truck (transportation vehicle) from a concrete hopper on the downstream side provided at the discharge port of a ready-mixed concrete mixer used in a ready-mixed concrete plant, a predetermined ready-mixed concrete capacity is provided in the concrete hopper. It was visually checked with a level meter in the concrete hopper whether it was stored, and after confirming that a predetermined capacity had been stored, the concrete hopper gate was manually operated to load ready-mixed concrete into the mixer truck.
Also, confirm that the loading of the mixer truck is complete or that the worker has visually emptied the concrete hopper, close the concrete hopper gate, and complete the loading of the ready-mixed concrete into the mixer truck. It was.
In this way, the workers were looking inside the concrete hopper because it was difficult to accurately detect the storage capacity of ready-mixed concrete with a normal level meter, and the capacity in the concrete hopper was detected according to Japanese Industrial Standards, etc. This was due to the fact that it was stipulated. Therefore, in order to accurately detect the capacity of the ready-mixed concrete in the concrete hopper, an ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the raw concrete in the concrete hopper, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, without visual inspection by an operator. There has also been proposed a method for calculating the stored volume by detecting the liquid surface position of concrete.
In addition, as a means for accurately detecting the storage capacity of ready-mixed concrete, the present inventor attaches a weight sensor to the concrete hopper, as shown in Patent Document 3, and determines whether or not the concrete hopper is empty. A technology to detect the weight of stored ready-mixed concrete was developed.

By the way, in the discharge gate of a hopper such as concrete used in a ready-mixed concrete plant, the ready-mixed concrete is in a liquid state and is composed of sand, gravel, cement milk, water, etc. A rubber seal gate is adopted. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a rubber seal is sandwiched between a pair of rollers to completely seal water or liquid ready-mixed concrete. Gravel is mixed in, etc., and there is a problem that smooth discharge is not possible if it is a concrete discharge gate that presses the rubber seal with a pair of rollers, and it is the only part of batcher plant equipment that can not be operated automatically Met.
That is, a technology for automatically supplying ready-mixed concrete material to a mixer, kneading with a mixer and automatically manufacturing ready-mixed concrete is already known, and a predetermined mixer truck is installed at a predetermined position of a batcher plant facility in the programmed order. Automatic loading technology that automatically enters the vehicle, sends an on-board signal, and automatically compares the ready-mixed concrete temporarily stored in the concrete hopper with the specified mixer truck is already known. No automatic concrete production and loading system has been known that automatically performs everything from automatic production to loading of ready-mixed concrete into a mixer truck.
In batcher plant equipment, the only reason why concrete hopper gates cannot be controlled automatically is as described above (as mentioned above, it is difficult to accurately detect the storage capacity of ready-mixed concrete, Japanese Industrial Standards, etc. In addition to the fact that the capacity of the concrete hopper is detected in the above), the discharge port of the cylindrical rubber seal is sandwiched between a pair of rollers from the outside. When loading this ready-mixed concrete from a concrete hopper into a mixer truck, the mixer truck overflows without being swallowed if it is fully opened at once, or the ready-mixed concrete splashes and contaminates the car. The current situation is that it opens while adjusting with experience, and automatic operation by a machine was difficult.
In addition, there are thousands of types of ready-mixed concrete to manufacture, and the fluidity of each differs, and gravel (40 mm or less) is included. If you open the gate to avoid clogging, you will have the inconvenience that the raw concrete will be discharged and overflow or jump, and it is difficult to adjust the part with the machine alone. It was also the reason why automatic driving is not possible.

A conventional hopper gate opening / closing method will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18. As shown in FIG. 16, in a normal closed state, a cylindrical rubber seal b is fixed to the hopper discharge port a with a fastening band or the like. A gate is formed by sandwiching a rubber seal b with a clamping member e composed of a pair of clamping rollers c and a cylinder d. When a concrete product is discharged and loaded into a mixer truck, as shown in FIG. First, open and close the gate according to the experience of the operator, open the gate little by little while watching the situation, finally open it fully as shown in Fig. 18, and do not load it into the mixer truck from the concrete hopper as quickly as possible. Must not. That is, as shown in FIG. 18, the current gate clamps the cylindrical rubber seal b between the pair of tightening rollers c and the cylinder d, and at the time of discharging, the pair of rollers c is slightly retracted as shown in FIG. Then, an elongated gap opening f is formed and discharged.
However, although it is discharged at the opening f of the elongated gap at first, as shown in FIG. 17 (c), gravel A or the like is clogged at the opening f and cannot be discharged. Therefore, when the opening was widened to eliminate the gravel that was caught, a large amount of ready-mixed concrete was discharged, and the supply port of the mixer truck could not be swallowed and overflowed from the supply port.
In other words, the gate needs to have a structure that does not clog the gravel even if it is opened a little, but the conventional pair of parallel rollers is a narrow gap, and if the opening does not clog the gravel, the amount of discharge is large and the mixer car swallows the raw mix There is a disadvantage that the gravel A is clogged into the opening f.
And since this gate operation is the only part where batcher plant equipment cannot be operated automatically, an operator is always required.

For this reason, the present inventor, as presented in Patent Document 4, in the discharge gate of a concrete hopper that opens and closes the gate by pressing the rubber seal by the expansion and contraction of the cylinder, the two rollers of the tightening member The arrangement control means for arranging the arrangement of the two in a linear shape and a "<" shape is provided, and when the rubber seal is pressed to close the gate, the arrangement of the two rollers is linearly pinched, In the initial stage when the gate is in the half-open state, the arrangement of the two rollers is retracted with a "<" shape and the rubber seal opening cross section is rhombus, and in the normal stage where the gate is fully open, the rubber seal opening cross section is circular. A concrete hopper gate structure that allows automatic operation of the batcher plant equipment was developed by retracting the rollers to the outside.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-159846 JP 2001-341120 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-302726 Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-72344

As described above, it is possible to detect the amount of ready-mixed concrete stored in the concrete hopper by volume. In order to detect the amount of stored concrete, it is possible to visually detect or use various level gauges. Due to the shape of the inverted quadrangular pyramid, even an error of several centimeters at the top of the hopper becomes a large error when converted to the stored amount, and in particular, accurate numerical values cannot be obtained with changes in the stored amount at the beginning of discharge. However, the level of detection becomes inaccurate only by the liquid level of the ready-mixed concrete rippling, so it is not suitable for use in a concrete hopper gate that controls the discharge of ready-mixed concrete. It was.
Therefore, the present inventor accurately detects the amount of ready-mixed concrete stored in the concrete hopper and manipulates the opening degree of the gate of the concrete hopper in conjunction with the detected value, as presented in the above-mentioned Patent Document 3. In addition, a hopper gate structure that controls the optimum weight reduction rate from the initial discharge to completion of various ready-mixed concrete was provided.
However, although it has been suggested that the automatic operation of the batcher plant facility is possible by using the gate structure of the hopper presented in Patent Document 3, the whole automatic concrete manufacturing and loading system is not disclosed.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems. The hopper gate structure presented in Patent Document 3 is used, and the system is further devised and improved. The present invention provides an automatic concrete production and loading system that automatically manufactures and automatically loads ready-mixed concrete onto a mixer truck.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is a ready-mixed automatic production and loading system in which a predetermined amount of ready-mixed concrete material is supplied to a mixer by a program of a management center system. Automatic kneading control process for automatically supplying and kneading with a mixer to produce ready-mixed concrete, a weight sensor for detecting the weight of ready-mixed concrete to a concrete hopper arranged downstream of the mixer, and a gate for detecting opening and closing of the hopper gate An open / close sensor is provided, and after the mixing of the mixer is completed, an empty signal from the weight sensor and a gate close signal from the gate open / close sensor are confirmed by confirmation means, and then the mixer gate is opened to prepare the ready concrete. Transfer to hopper for temporary storage and weight The amount of fresh concrete was verified to be a predetermined weight for a given mixer truck in Nsa, after confirming by standing vehicle sensors that there is a predetermined mixer truck to a predetermined position of the mixer truck booth opening degree of the gate of the hopper It is characterized by comprising an automatic loading step of loading a predetermined amount of ready-mixed concrete onto the mixer truck by automatically controlling the gate opening by opening control means that changes the time corresponding to the passage of time.

According to the present invention, the automatic operation of the concrete hopper enables the automatic operation of the entire batcher plant equipment from the supply of the concrete material to the loading of the ready-mixed concrete onto the mixer truck, which greatly reduces the burden on the worker. In addition to making the quality of ready-mixed concrete constant by inputting a predetermined program, it is possible to control the optimum weight reduction speed from the initial discharge to completion of various ready-mixed concrete. Loading troubles are also reduced.
In addition, since the system automatically performs the completion of the predetermined batch, there is no too early departure signal, and conversely, there is no delayed departure signal, and the ready-mixed concrete to the preceding mixer truck 6 is transferred to the next mixer. Cars are not mixed, and it is possible to prevent the mixing of different-quality ready-mixed concrete. Furthermore, unless the preceding mixer truck leaves, the next mixer truck cannot be loaded automatically, thus preventing loading errors on the mixer truck. it can.

[Example]
Here, an embodiment of a ready-mixed concrete automatic manufacturing and loading system suitable for the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the entire batcher plant facility using the concrete hopper of the embodiment. The concrete hopper 1 temporarily stores ready-mixed concrete and separates from the concrete mixer 7 to have a concrete hopper single structure. A sensor 21 is incorporated, and the degree of opening of the gate 2 provided at the lower end of the hopper 1 is controlled based on the detected value, and a predetermined amount of ready-mixed concrete is supplied to the supply port of the mixer truck 6 that stands by just below the gate 2.
A concrete mixer 7 is positioned upstream of the concrete hopper 1, and further, a measuring hopper 8 and storage bins 9 of cement 91, gravel 92, and sand 93 are provided upstream of the concrete hopper 1. Corresponding to the amount of concrete, a predetermined amount of concrete, gravel, and sand are weighed by the weighing hopper 8, water 82 is supplied from the water supply device 81 to the measured raw material, and a predetermined amount of ready-mixed concrete is obtained by the concrete mixer 7. Then, the mixer gate 71 is opened, and the ready-mixed concrete manufactured in the concrete hopper 1 is transferred and temporarily stored.

[Concrete hopper measuring instrument structure]
[Example]
In the embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the concrete hopper 1 is separated from the concrete mixer 7, and a weight sensor 21 is incorporated between the concrete hopper 1 and the floor surface 72 of the mixer 7. The shape of the concrete hopper is the same shape as a conventionally known one, and is a concrete hopper 1 in the shape of an inverted quadrangular pyramid that stores ready-mixed concrete 3, and three compression load cells 21 (21a, b, c) are incorporated as weight sensors 21. It is.
In the installation structure of the compression type load cell 21 of this embodiment, first, the mixer floor surface 73 is provided at the lower end of the concrete mixer 7, and three load cell bases 73 are installed as much as possible in the installation portion of the concrete hopper 1 on the mixer floor surface 72. Installed so that it is located at the apex of a triangle, three compression type load cells 21 are fixed on it, and an overhanging base mounting part 12 that is a load cell receiver is provided on the outer periphery 11 of the uppermost part of the concrete hopper 1 Are placed on the top surfaces of the load cells 21a, b, c.
Therefore, the concrete hopper 1 is supported by the load cells 21a, b, c at three points, and the weight of the concrete hopper is detected as the numerical values of the load cells 21a, b, c. In the case of the embodiment in which the load cells 21a, b, c of the embodiment are supported at the three points, the upper surface of the inverted quadrangular pyramid of the concrete hopper 1 is a quadrangular shape, and one piece is provided at the center of one frame side 12a of the base mounting portion 12 Load cell 21a is installed, and three load cells 21b, c, one at each end of the opposite frame side 12c, are installed so as to be located at the apex of the equilateral triangle as much as possible.
With this three-point support installation structure of compression type load cells 21a, b, c, the average value of the weights of the three load cells 21a, b, c is calculated, so a more accurate value can be detected and weighed in actual experiments. The error is 10 kg or less, which is sufficiently acceptable.

[Another load cell example]
Next, another embodiment of the concrete hopper measuring instrument structure will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the case of this embodiment, the compression load cell is united to improve economic efficiency and maintainability, but the upper surface of the concrete hopper 1 is a quadrangular pyramid as in the previous embodiment. However, one compression type load cell 22 is installed at the center of one frame side 12a of the base mounting part 12, and two universal joint fittings 23 (23a, 23b) are installed at both ends of the opposite frame side 12c. is there.
With this one-point support installation structure of the compression type load cell 22, the weighing error is 20 kg or less, and the weight is about 11 tons with 4.5 m ³ of ready-mixed concrete. Even one point installation is acceptable.
As described above, as a result of the experiment in the example and another example, the ready-mixed concrete is in a liquid state, and the concrete hopper shape is an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape, so it is uniformly stored in the hopper. There are few errors.

[Construction of concrete hopper gate]
Next, an embodiment and operation of a concrete hopper gate will be described.
6 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 1 of the concrete hopper 1 for storing ready-mixed concrete mixed with cement, gravel, sand, water, etc. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the main part of FIG. 6 is a side view of the main part of FIG. 6, and a cylindrical rubber seal 2 is fixed to the outside of the lower discharge port 13 of the hopper 1 with an attachment band 15 or the like.
As shown in FIG. 9, the rubber seal 2 has an appropriate thickness, and is provided with an abrasion resistant rubber 24 on the inner periphery, and a nylon hub 26 is embedded in the outer peripheral rubber 25, so that the rubber seal 2 A pair of pressing roller support members 3 composed of rollers 4 are disposed on opposite sides of the rubber seal 2 so as to face each other, and the pressing roller support member 3 extends the rubber seal 2 to each other by the extension of the air (hydraulic) cylinder 5. As shown in FIG. 10 (b), the discharge gate is maintained in the half-open state B and in the fully open state as shown in FIG. 10 (c). In the case of the shape C, the cylinder 5 is operated in a contracting direction by a command signal from the operation unit.

As shown in FIG. 6, the pressing roller support member 3 and the cylinder 5 are provided on a fixed frame 14 near the lower discharge port 13 of the hopper 1, and the upper ends of the pair of pressing roller support members 3 are fixed frames. 14 oscillates around a pair of rotating shafts 31 in the vicinity of the discharge port 13, and a link arm 311 is spanned so that the oscillating angles of the pair of opposing pressing roller support members 3 are the same, thereby supporting the pressing roller. Two pressing rollers 41a, 41b (41a ', 41b') are provided at the lower end of the member 3, respectively, and the driving shaft 51 of the cylinder 5 is connected to the pressing rollers 41a, 41b in the extending / contracting direction. These are also mounted so as to be swingable through the respective cylinder mounting members 52 provided in the cylinder.
Further, the pair of pressing roller support members 3 opposed on both sides of the apparatus are always urged in the direction in which they are pressed against each other by the pressing member 59, and when the rubber seal is pressed to close the gate. The cylinder 5 clamps the arrangement of the two rollers in a straight line, and in the initial stage of opening, the connecting portion of the two rollers is bent and arranged in an approximately “<” shape or a semi-elliptical shape, and the gate is fully opened. In the normal stage of the state, the roller is retracted outward by the cylinder so that the opening cross section of the rubber seal is circular.

Further detailed configurations of the pressing roller support member 3, the roller 4, and the cylinder 5 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the main portion of the lower end portion of the oscillating pressing roller support member 3 as viewed from above, and the pressing roller support member 3 includes a thrust bearing 36 comprising a pair of both end frames 32 and a connecting frame 33. The support frame is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 38 (see FIG. 9B), and the distance between the pair of both end frames 32 is the same as that when the cylindrical rubber seal 2 is clamped. It is slightly wider than the width, and one end of each end frame 32 is rotated by the rotation pin 38 on the pressing roller support member 3 so that the thrust bearing 36, which is an oilless bearing, allows the cylinder drive shaft 51 to be straight. It is supported freely. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper end portion of the pressing roller support member 3 is pivotally supported so as to be swingable about the rotation shaft 31.
Two pressing rollers 41a and 41b are connected to the both end frames 32 at the lower end portion of the pressing roller support member 3 in a straight line direction, and as shown in FIG. 34a is provided, and a bearing 34a for the roller shaft 42a is rotatable and movable in the axial direction at a position where it is bent to the outside of the substantially central portion of both end frames 32 of the roller 41a. It is supported by a bearing 34a. As will be described later, the roller shaft 42a has a predetermined length so as to allow movement when the pressing rollers 41a and 41b are pulled, and the end portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the bearing 34a to prevent dropping. A stopper 43a having a larger diameter is also provided. On the other hand, the roller shaft 42a on the inner side of the roller 41a is rotatably supported by a swingable bearing 35a on the tip 54 of the cylinder drive shaft 51 of the main body 53 of the cylinder 5, and the end of the roller shaft 42a is supported. The spherical convex oilless bearing 45a is provided to prevent falling off.

Here, the detailed configuration of the bearing 34a will be described with reference to FIG. 9A. The bearing frame body 341 is attached to both ends of the pressing roller support member 3 by the fixing tool 342, and the bearing frame body 341 is swung. A bearing main body 343 is freely fitted, and on the other hand, an oilless bearing 344 is provided on the outer periphery of the roller shaft 42a in contact with the bearing main body 343 which is an oilless bearing, and is configured to be movable in the thrust direction. Therefore, the roller shaft 42a is supported by the bearing 34a so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction.
Further, the tip 54 of the cylinder drive shaft 51 is provided with a bearing portion at the connecting portion of the two rollers 41a and 41b, but as will be described later, at the initial stage of opening, the two rollers are connected at the connecting portion. It is arranged in an approximately “<” shape by bending the axial direction.
The distal end portion 54 and the cylinder drive shaft 51 are connected by a rotatable connecting member 55, and the central bearings 35a and 35b for the roller shafts 42a and 42b of the two rollers 41a and 41b are paired with the pair of the distal end portion 54. It is fixed to the bearing mounting portions 541a and 541b, and the two bearing mounting portions 541a and 541b are mounted to the central bearing frame body 542 with bolts or the like. The other pressing roller 41b is also a surface object with respect to the center of the tip end portion 54, and has the same configuration.
The front end portion 54 is provided with a cover member 56 so as to cover the entire bearing members such as the central bearings 35a and 35b, and the front end portion of the cover member 56 that contacts the rubber seal 2 is a rubber seal of two rollers. The pressure-contacting surface that is substantially continuous with the contact surface that is in contact with the material is formed, and is composed of a strength structure and a material that can be pressed.
A gate opening / closing sensor 16 (FIG. 6) is provided at an appropriate position of the tip 54 of the cylinder drive shaft 51 to detect the open / closed state of the hopper gate made of the rubber seal 2.

  The cylinder 5 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, the main body 53 of the cylinder 5 is also slidably mounted via a cylinder mounting member 52 provided on the fixed frame 14, so that the main body of the cylinder. The cylinder drive shaft 51 that advances and retreats from the portion 53 is once supported by the thrust bearing 36, and this thrust bearing 36 is provided in the approximate center of the connecting frame 33 that is supported at the lower end of the pressing roller support member 3 so as to be swingable. Both ends of the connecting frame 33 are provided with end frames 32, and the end portions of the end frame 32 are supported on the pressing roller support member 3 by a rotation pin 38 so as to be swingable. Further, as described above, the central bearings 35a and 35b are provided at the tip 54 of the tip of the cylinder shaft 51. FIGS. 9 and 10A show the case where the gate is in the closed state A, and the pressure roller support member 3 is shown. FIG. 6 is a view of a state where the cylinder drive shaft 51 of the cylinder 5 is extended and the rubber seals 2 are pressed against each other by extension. That is, the arrangement of the two rollers 41a and 41b of the pressing roller support member 3 is a straight line, and the two linear rollers 41a and 41b narrow the rubber seal 2 to close the gate. .

The tip 54 is configured such that when concrete or the like is discharged to the rubber seal 2, a very large load is applied, and the central bearings 35a and 35b at the connecting part of the two rollers 41a and 41b can be bent. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, in order to prevent bending in the vertical direction, a tip support member 58 which is a suspended swing support member is provided.
The swing center shaft 581 of the tip support member 58 is coaxial with the shaft 31 of the pressure roller support member 3, and the other end of the swing arm 62 is fixed to the upper end portion 57 of the central bearing frame 542 of the tip portion 54. In other words, in a suspended state, the cylinder drive unit 51 moves forward and backward to prevent vertical movement at the connecting part of the two rollers, and the axial direction is bent in a horizontal plane and arranged in an approximately “<” shape. To do.
The swing angle and behavior of the swing arm 581 of the tip support member 58 are different from those of the press roller support member 3 even if they are coaxial with the press roller support member 3 and the swing center shaft 31. The moving arm 62 is configured to prevent the bending in the vertical direction by independently supporting the tip 54 in a suspended manner.

Next, the clamping member 59 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 11, the coil is contracted and urged by the opposing spring engaging portions 37 of the pair of pressing roller support members 3 that swing oppositely. As shown in FIG. 10 (a), the spring 59 (591) is spanned at a desired strength by a fixing member 371 capable of adjusting the spring contraction force, and is always biased in the direction in which the spring 59 (591) is clamped together. When the gate 2 is pressed to bring the gate into the closed state A, the cylinder is squeezed with a linear arrangement of the two rollers, and as shown in FIG. The shaft 51 is retracted (arrow x) and the tip 54 is also retracted, but the connecting frames 33 at both ends of the pressure roller support member 3 are prevented from retracting by the clamping force of the coil spring 59 (591) (arrow y), The connecting part of the two rollers is arranged in an almost B shape with the tip 54 as the bending point. The roller shafts 42a and 42b are not parallel to the opening line Z in the closed state, but are slanted to form a rhombus opening B as a whole, and the opening area is gradually increased from the initial stage to the normal stage. However, as shown in FIG. 10 (c), in the normal stage C in which the gate is fully opened, the cylinder drive shaft 51 is further retracted, and the rear end portion of the bearing frame body 341 comes into contact with the connecting frame 33, so that the pressure roller The supporting member 3 is also retracted to retract the roller 4 to the outside so that the opening cross section C of the rubber seal becomes circular. Note that the coil springs 591 at this time remain in an extended state and are always urged in a direction in which they are pressed against each other.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show a specific configuration of the states of FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (c). In FIG. 11, the right half of the closed state A of FIG. 10 (a) is shown. The left half of the two-dot chain line Z, which is the opening center line, is a cross-sectional view of the center portion in the fully open opening state C of FIG. 10C. Similarly, in FIG. 12, the right half of FIG. In the closed state A of (a), the left half is a plan view of the main part in the fully open open state C of FIG. 10 (c).
Conversely, the gate closing process is the reverse process, and the closed state A is reached from the circular opening C and the diamond opening B.

Specifically, the angle of inclination of the "<" shape is 5 to 10 cm on one side (total opening diameter 10 to 20 cm) for each roller 41a, 41b length of about 40 cm (about 80 cm for a pair of rollers). The width of the concrete is appropriate, and the ready-mixed concrete containing gravel with a diameter of 5 cm or less is smoothly passed through and discharged. The distance until the rear end of the bearing frame 341 comes into contact with the connecting frame 33 is opened so that the entire opening is nearly circular. It is intended to regulate the degree of bending of the overall (elliptical) shape, and by adjusting this distance, it is appropriate (this optimum distance (width) varies depending on the composition of the ready-mixed concrete). Or (and / or) a semi-elliptical opening may be realized.
Further, in the normal stage in which the next gate is fully opened, the two rollers 41a and 41b are moved along with the retraction of the cylinder drive shaft 51 so that the opening cross section of the rubber seal 2 becomes a circular opening C (inner wall diameter of about 50 cm). Thus, the pressing roller support member 3 is retracted to the outside.

As described above, in the concrete hopper discharge gate of the embodiment, at the initial stage when the gate is in the half-open state, the arrangement of the two rollers is retreated with the shape of about “<” and the opening cross section of the rubber seal is in the aspect ratio The small diamond-shaped opening B has the same discharge cross-sectional area as the gate, but unlike conventional elongated openings with a large vertical / horizontal ratio, the large-diameter gravel (5 cm or less) mixed in concrete is present. It passes through and does not get caught in the diamond opening B, and as a result, the diamond opening C and the circular opening D do not clog the gravel. In addition, since the roller has a relatively simple structure that is divided into two parts, it can be made to have a robust structure, and can have a structure that is heavy like a concrete product and can withstand rough use. .
In this embodiment, the cover member 56 is provided at the connecting portion of the two rollers 41a and 41b, and the portion of the cover member 56 that contacts the rubber seal 2 is the contact surface that contacts the rubber seal of the two rollers. A continuous pressing surface is formed, and the rhombus is made closer to the elliptical opening, so that the passage of gravel and the like is made smoother.

[Concrete hopper gate operation]
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for supplying to the mixer truck 6 will be described using the gate 2 structure of the hopper 1 as described above. The ready-mixed concrete is prepared according to the slump value and flow value of the mixer truck. Loading speed is different, the speed decreases at low slump, and the scattering of ready-mixed concrete increases at high slump and high flow.
In the embodiment of the present invention, even if the slump value and flow value of the ready-mixed concrete are different, there is a discharge speed suitable for each, that is, the weight reduction speed of the concrete hopper 1, and the gate (rubber seal) 2 is clogged with gravel. Therefore, the gate is gradually opened until the gate 2 is reduced at a predetermined speed.
Here, the slump value and flow value of ready-mixed concrete are explained. The slump value of ready-mixed concrete is the raw concrete packed in a hollow steel cone with an upper inner diameter of 10 cm, a lower inner diameter of 20 cm, and a height of 30 cm. This indicates how much the concrete will drop (slump) from the initial height after the cone is pulled out. If the slump value is large, the concrete will be soft concrete. Recently, the demand for high fluidity concrete is increasing. In this case, in addition to slump, the flow value is often judged by the spread of concrete after the slump test. To determine the softness and fluidity of concrete.

Next, at each slump value, the optimum supply speed that is a smooth supply without clogging or overflowing the ready-mixed concrete, that is, the weight of the hopper 1 in the load cell 21 is detected in real time with the gate configuration of the embodiment. The “predetermined rate of weight reduction” compared with the elapsed time and the end operation of the gate are as follows.
(1) In the case of high-fluidity ready-mixed concrete In the case of ready-mixed concrete that is close to water, the gate is gradually increased until the weight loss rate reaches 250 to 350 kg / sec. 2 is opened, and after discharging is complete, the gate is fully opened and then closed.
(2) In the case of high slump (18cm or more: soft) In the case of high slump (18cm or more), gradually turn the gate (cylinder opening speed 3 to 6cm / sec) until the weight loss rate reaches 200 to 320kg / sec. Open, after the discharge is completed, once the gate 2 is fully opened, it is closed.
(3) In the case of medium slump (12 cm to 18 cm) In the case of medium slump (12 cm to 18 cm), gradually increase the weight loss rate to 130 to 250 kg / sec. ) Open the gate 2, and once the discharge is complete, once the gate 2 is fully opened, it is closed.
(4) In the case of low slump (10 cm to 12 cm: hard) In the case of low slump (10 cm to 12 cm), gradually increase the weight loss rate to 100 to 150 kg / sec. / Second) Open the gate 2, and once the discharge is completed, once the gate 2 is fully opened, it is closed.
(5) When the slump value is (8 to 10 cm) When the slump value is (8 to 10 cm), gradually increase the weight loss rate to 100 to 150 kg / sec. Since the gate 2 may be opened, or even if the gate 2 is fully opened, the weight may not be reduced. In this case, the gate 2 is fully opened and immediately opened, and this is repeated until the amount of ready-mixed concrete in the hopper is reduced.
In addition, it begins to reduce the weight and keeps the gate open / closed so that the rate of weight reduction falls within the range of 100 to 150 kg / sec. That is, by opening and closing the gate 2 many times, the concrete in the rubber sill is gradually discharged each time. Is done.
Then, after complete discharge, it is fully closed.
(6) When the slump value is (8cm or less) When the slump value is (8cm or less), make sure that the mixer truck 6 is always waiting under the concrete hopper gate and until the weight loss rate reaches 100 to 150kg / sec. Each time (cylinder opening speed 3 to 6 cm / sec), the gate may not be reduced even if the gate is fully opened, so in this case, once the full concrete in the hopper is reduced until it is fully closed and immediately fully opened. repeat.
In other words, in the case of very hard ready-mixed concrete, if the ready-mixed concrete is put into the concrete hopper with the gate closed, the ready-mixed concrete with poor fluidity will be discharged when it falls into the concrete hopper. Because it becomes difficult.
When the weight reduction starts, the gate opening / closing state is maintained so that the weight reduction speed falls within the range of 100 to 150 kg / sec.

In the above-mentioned high-fluidity and slump ready-mixed concrete, the amount of weight reduction rate is the same for slump, but the amount and concentration of recovered concrete raw material used by each factory, sand quality, gravel quality, etc. There is a difference, and it is necessary to determine the discharge speed by making data for each factory based on the scattering method during charging, the difference in viscosity and adhesion.
Therefore, depending on the factory, more types can be selected, and an automatic opening / closing program for concrete hopper gates is incorporated in the batcher plant operation panel. The automatic opening / closing method is selected at the time of shipping instructions (mixing of ready-mixed concrete, mixer truck, Since the slump and flow values are instructed to the batcher plant operation panel at the capacity, time, etc., the slump and flow values are automatically read and the automatic opening / closing method is determined.

[Loading from concrete hopper to mixer truck]
As described above, the ready-mixed concrete is discharged from the concrete hopper 1 and supplied and loaded from the ready-mixed concrete supply port 61 of the predetermined mixer truck 6.
At this time, when a predetermined mixer truck 6 enters the mixer truck booth 62 of the batcher plant, the light from the sensor light emitting section 631 of the on-board sensor 63 is blocked and the mixer truck 6 is located at a predetermined position from the sensor light receiving section 632. A confirmation signal is sent to the management center that the vehicle has been driven.
The system program of the management center receives the vehicle presence confirmation signal, transmits a signal for starting the opening operation of the concrete hopper 1, starts the supply from the gate 2 of the concrete hopper 1 to the ready concrete supply port 61, and the weight The signal from the sensor 21 confirms that the hopper 1 is empty. Then, when loading the next batch of ready-mixed concrete, the vehicle stays in the vehicle, and when the predetermined batch is finished, a loading completion notification (command signal) is transmitted from the system program, and the mixer truck booth 62 The exit signal (bell, lamp, etc.) prompts the driver of the mixer truck 6 to leave.
When the mixer truck 6 leaves the vehicle, the presence sensor 63 confirms that the mixer truck is not present and sends it to the management center. The loading operation on the mixer truck 6 is completed.

As described above in detail, the concrete hopper of the embodiment of the present invention detects the weight of the concrete hopper in real time together with the hopper gate 1 that does not clog gravel, and calculates the rate of weight loss from the detected weight. Thus, it is possible to automatically control the open / close state of the hopper so as to achieve an optimum weight reduction rate. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, there is no need for the operation of opening and closing the gate according to the experience of the operator, and opening the gate little by little while watching the situation, and gradually gradually at the optimum weight reduction rate of the concrete hopper. The gate can be opened and closed automatically, and the gate can be driven automatically.
Therefore, the portion of the concrete hopper gate that could not be automatically operated by the batcher plant facility can now be automatically operated by the above-mentioned concrete hopper gate. It can also be a concrete hopper that can automatically open and close the gate in conjunction with entering and leaving.

[Operation by automatic concrete loading system]
As described above in detail, since the automatic operation control of the concrete hopper gate, which was the only automatic operation of the batcher plant equipment, has become possible, the batcher plant equipment which is one of the most characteristic parts of the present invention is The entire automatic operation will be described with reference to the time charts of FIGS. 1 and 13 and the block diagrams of FIGS.
FIG. 13 is a time chart of the automatic concrete loading and unloading system according to the present invention. Data for instructing the management center system to load predetermined raw concrete in two batches on the first mixer truck is continued. It is a figure of the time chart in case the data which instruct | indicate so that predetermined batch concrete should be loaded in 2 batches to a 2nd mixer truck, and it is a figure of this 1st batch (A1) to this 1st mixer truck FIG. 14 shows the flow for loading predetermined ready-mixed concrete, and FIG. 15 shows the flow for loading in the second batch (A2).
First, in S1 of FIG. 14, each of the planned mixer trucks 6, the type of ready-mixed concrete to be loaded on the mixer truck 6, the number of batches to be supplied, the operating conditions of each batch in the plant, etc. Are input to a program (not shown) of the batcher plant facility management center system.

[First batch to first mixer truck]
Then, the first mixer truck 6 enters the mixer truck booth 62, and the presence sensor 63 confirms this, and in S2 of FIG. 14, the first batch (A1) of the ready concrete of the first mixer truck 6 is obtained. Loading work is started.
This is the time of [A1-1] in [Weighing] in [Table 1] in FIG. 13, and each of cement, gravel and sand from the cement storage bin 91, gravel storage bin 92 and sand storage bin 93 in FIG. The material is supplied to each weighing hopper 8 on the downstream side. When each programmed predetermined material is supplied, the gate of each storage bin 9 is closed, and a metering end signal is transmitted to the management center system in S3, and S4. Then, the metering discharge gate of each metering hopper 8 is opened, and a predetermined amount of each material is discharged to the concrete mixer 7 for the time [A1-2] in [Discharge] in [Table 1].
When the release of each material of the ready-mixed concrete from the weighing release gate of each weighing hopper 8 is completed in S5, a release signal indicating that the material in the first batch (A) is discharged into the mixer is sent to the control center system in S6. Then, the second batch is started at the time [A2-1] in [Weighing] in [Table 1].
In the first batch, the kneading (mixing) operation is performed in the concrete mixer 7 in S7, and the kneading in the concrete mixer 7 is completed in S8 during [A1-3] in [Kneading] in [Table 1]. Note that the mixer 9 itself operates continuously, and the kneading conditions are set and managed by a timer, and the end time of this timer or the like is the end of kneading.
In S8, the kneading in the concrete mixer 7 is completed, but in the next S9, a confirmation step is necessary to confirm whether the ready-mixed concrete manufactured by the mixer 7 may be discharged to the concrete hopper 1.

A range P surrounded by a dotted line from S9 to S14 of the first batch is a process that could not be automated so far.
First, in S9 of the first batch, in the above-described embodiment apparatus, a signal indicating that the inside of the hopper is empty from the weight sensor 21 of the concrete hopper 1 and a closing signal from the gate opening / closing sensor 16 of the hopper 1 are sent by the management center system. If the confirmation signal is not received, the standby state is continued. If the confirmation signal is received, the mixer gate is automatically opened by the command signal from the management center system in S10 and manufactured by the mixer 7. The ready-mixed concrete is discharged to the concrete hopper 1, and this discharge time is the time [A1 '] in [Table 1] [Mixer Gate Open] in FIG.
When this discharge time is over, the mixer gate (not shown) is closed, and in response to the second batch, the mixer 7 is emptied in S11, that is, a signal indicating that the mixer gate is in a closed state is sent to the management center system. Send to.
Next, in S12, the entire amount of ready-mixed concrete in the first batch is temporarily stored in the temporary concrete hopper 1. In S12, the weight of the ready-mixed concrete temporarily stored in the concrete hopper 1, that is, the specific gravity is known. From this, the weight (volume) is calculated from the detection signal of the weight sensor 21 of the hopper 1, and it is confirmed that this value is within a predetermined numerical range. Here, if the weight (volume) calculated by the management center system from the weight sensor 21 is different from the programmed predetermined weight (volume), an abnormal signal is transmitted and the ready concrete in the concrete hopper 1 is discarded. (Device not shown).

Then, in S13, after receiving the vehicle presence signal from the vehicle presence sensor 63 that the first mixer vehicle 6 (predetermined mixer vehicle) is located at a predetermined position of the mixer vehicle booth 62, the concrete hopper 1 in S14. The opening of the gate 2 is started, but this opening control has also relied on the feeling of the monitoring personnel by the command signal from the management center system (computer, personal computer system, etc.). Depending on the configuration and operation, it is automatically controlled according to the specifications programmed into the management center system.
Accordingly, the ready-mixed concrete can be quickly and efficiently fed from the gate 2 to the ready-mixed concrete supply port 61 of the mixer truck 6 without inconvenience such as overflowing from the supply port 61 or soiling. The discharge time to be charged is [A1-5] time of [Open hopper gate] in [Table 1], and since fine control is required, it is longer than the time of [A1 '] at the mixer gate. .
When the loading of ready-mixed concrete in the first batch (A1) to the first mixer truck 6 is completed, in S15, when there is a load command signal for ready-mixed concrete of the next batch by a command signal from the management center system. In this case, if the first mixer truck is on standby, the vehicle presence signal from the vehicle presence sensor 63 is transmitted to the management center system in S16.
Thus, the fully automatic ready-mixed concrete production and loading on the first mixer truck 6 is completed by the program input from the management center system in the first batch.

[Second batch to the first mixer truck]
In the automatic concrete loading system, even if the first batch is not completed, the upstream plant starts the next batch, but the first batch in (A1) S6 is the first batch. In response to a signal indicating that the material has been discharged into the mixer and charging has been completed, as shown in FIG. 15, [weighing] in the loading operation of the second batch (A2) ready-mixed concrete is started in S20.
This is the time [A2-1] in [Weighing] in [Table 1] in FIG. 13, and each material is transferred from each downstream storage bin 9 to each downstream weighing hopper 8 as in the first batch. Is supplied to the control center system and each programmed predetermined material is supplied, a measurement end signal is transmitted to the control center system in S21, and it is confirmed that the mixer 7 from S9 is empty. The metering discharge gate of the metering hopper 8 is opened, and each metered material is discharged to the concrete mixer 7 for the time [A2-2] in [Discharge] in [Table 1].
When the release of each material of the ready-mixed concrete from each weighing hopper 8 to the mixer 7 is completed in S23, an end signal indicating that the second batch of material has been released to the mixer 7 is transmitted to the management center system in S24. If there is continuing work, this end signal is transmitted to the management center system.
In the second batch, the kneading (mixing) operation is performed in the concrete mixer 7 in [S2] for [A2-3] in [Kneading] in [Table 1], and the kneading in the concrete mixer 7 is completed in S26.

A range P surrounded by a dotted line from S27 to S32 in the next second batch is a process that could not be automated so far as S9 to S14 in the first batch.
Since the operation is the same as S10 to S14 in S27 to S32, detailed description will be omitted, but in S29, in order to correspond to the continuous operation with the next work on the second mixer car, Send the mixer gate closing signal to the management center system.
However, the difference from the first batch is that the presence signal from S16 is received in S31, and immediately proceeds to S32, and the opening of the gate 2 of the concrete hopper 1 is started in S32 ([Open Hopper Gate] in [Table 1]). [A2-5] at this time), this opening control is also automatically performed according to the command programmed from the management center system in accordance with the command programmed from the management center system according to the configuration and operation as described above. Controlled. When loading the ready concrete in the second batch (A2) onto the first mixer truck 6 is completed, in S33, the predetermined batch is terminated by the command signal from the management center system, and the ready batch of the next batch is ready. If there is no loading command, a leaving command from the management center system is automatically transmitted, and the driver is prompted to leave the vehicle by a departure signal from the mixer truck booth 62 (an end bell or the like rings). That is, the time when the first mixer truck 6 is present at the mixer truck booth 62 is a period indicated by [A-6] in the [raw mixer truck] in [Table 1].
Thus, fully automatic ready-mixed concrete production and loading is completed by the program input from the second batch management center system. At the same time, in S34, the departure signal of the first mixer truck (A) from the on-board sensor 63 is transmitted to the management center system, prompting the next second mixer truck (B) to enter, and the second mixer truck 6 Is in the mixer truck booth 62.
Therefore, since the departure signal is automatically performed from the management center system, there is no early departure signal or, conversely, a delayed departure signal. In addition, the fact that the user has left the vehicle can be transmitted to the management center system, and the next work can be immediately started.

[Working on the second mixer truck]
In this ready-mixed concrete automatic production and loading system, even if the preceding mixer truck has not completed the preparation and loading work of ready-mixed concrete, the upstream plant of the next mixer truck 6 starts the work of the next batch.
This will be described in [Table 1]. When the measurement work is completed in S23 in the ready-mixed concrete production loading work in the previous vehicle, this signal S24 is transmitted to the management center system, where the second mixer truck 6 (B If the loading of ready-mixed concrete is scheduled, the weighing process will be started in the same way as the work of the first mixer truck 6 (A), and this is the [B1-1] in [Weighing] in [Table 1]. The following is the same process as the work on the first mixer truck (A), but the detailed description is omitted because it is almost the same as the work on the first mixer truck (A).
In short, as shown in the time chart of [Table 1], each process and equipment is operated without waste, and the mixer truck is sequentially placed in the mixer truck booth 62 so that there is no waste waiting time. It can be loaded to increase the operational efficiency of the plant equipment.

The work of the second mixer truck is different. First, the mixer gate is automatically controlled by a program from the management center system, and the start of [B1] at [Mixer gate open] in [Table 1] It will not open unless it receives a command signal from. In other words, when the ready concrete for the preceding mixer truck remains in the concrete hopper 1, the hopper gate 2 is not automatically closed by the weight sensor 21, so the ready concrete to the preceding (first) mixer truck 6 is not used. However, the next (second) mixer truck is not mixed, and mixing of different-quality ready-mixed concrete having different blending ratios and the like can be prevented.
The start of [B2-5] at [Open hopper gate] in [Table 1] is based on the command signal from the management center system that has been accurately input to the program in advance, and the preceding first mixer truck 6 (A) Since the next second mixer vehicle (B) cannot be automatically loaded unless the vehicle is left, conventional loading errors frequently occur. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, this loading error can be prevented.
Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as long as the features of the present invention are not impaired.

Schematic showing the entire batcher plant equipment using the concrete hopper of the present invention, The top view of the load cell using the concrete hopper of the example of the present invention, 2 is a side sectional view of FIG. The top view of the load cell using the concrete hopper of another example of the present invention, 4 is a side sectional view of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the closing state of the concrete hopper discharge gate of the Example of this invention. It is a top view of the principal part of FIG. It is a side view of the whole concrete hopper discharge gate of FIG. FIG. 9A is a partial cross-sectional view in which the pressure roller and the pressure roller support member are enlarged from above, and FIG. 9B is a partial side view thereof. FIG. 10 (a) is a plan view of the main part of the gate for explaining the operating state of the concrete hopper discharge gate of the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 10 (a) is a closed state A of the hopper gate, FIG. 10 (b) is an initial open state B of the hopper gate; FIG. 10C is an explanatory plan view of the fully opened state C of the hopper gate. The right half is a cross-sectional view of the center portion in the closed state A of FIG. 10A and the left half is the fully open opening state C of FIG. 5C. The right half is a plan view of the main part in the closed state A in FIG. 5A, and the left half is in the fully open opening state C in FIG. 5C. It is a figure of the time chart of the ready-mixed concrete automatic manufacture loading system of this invention. It is a block diagram of the 1st batch of the ready-mixed concrete automatic manufacture loading system of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the 2nd batch of the ready-mixed concrete automatic manufacture loading system of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the closed state of the conventional concrete hopper discharge gate, Sectional drawing which shows the half-open state of the conventional concrete hopper discharge gate, It is sectional drawing which shows the full open state of the conventional concrete hopper discharge gate.

Explanation of symbols

A: Gravel, B: Opening in a closed state, C: Diamond opening (half opening),
D: Circular opening (full opening), Z: Closed opening line 1 ... Hopper, 11 ... Hopper outer circumference, 12 ... Base mounting part, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d ... Frame side,
13 ... Lower outlet, 14 ... Fixed frame, 15 ... Mounting band,
16 ... Gate open / close sensor,
2 ... Gate (rubber seal),
21,21a, 21b, 21c, 22 ... Weight sensor (compression load cell),
23, 23a, 23b ... Universal joint bracket, 24 ... Abrasion resistant rubber, 25 ... Outer rubber,
26… Nylon hub,
3 ... Pressing roller support member, 31 ... Rotating shaft, 311 ... Link arm,
32 ... End frame, 33 ... Connection frame, 34 ... Bearing, 341 ... Bearing frame,
342 ... Fixing tool, 343 ... Bearing body, 344 ... Oiles bearing,
35a, 35b ... central bearing, 36 ... thrust bearing, 37 ... spring locking part,
371 ... Spring contraction force adjustment fixing member, 38 ... Turning pin,
4, 41a, 41b, 41a ', 41b' ... pressure roller, 42a, 42b ... roller shaft,
45a, 45b ... spherical convex part,
5 ... Cylinder, 51 ... Cylinder drive shaft, 52 ... Cylinder mounting member,
53 ... Cylinder body, 54 ... Tip, 541a, 541b ... Bearing mounting part,
542 ... Center bearing frame, 55 ... Connecting member, 56 ... Cover member, 57 ... Upper end,
58 ... tip support member, 581 ... oscillation center axis, 582 ... oscillation arm,
59 ... clamping member, 591 ... coil spring,
6 ... Mixer truck, 61 ... Ready-mixed concrete supply port, 62 ... Mixer truck booth,
63 ... Sensor in the vehicle, 631 ... Sensor light emitting part, 632 ... Sensor light receiving part
7 ... Concrete mixer, 71 ... Mixer gate, 72 ... Mixer floor,
73… Load cell base,
8 ... weighing hopper, 81 ... water supply device, 82 ... water,
9 ... Storage bin, 91 ... Cement storage bin, 92 ... Gravel storage bin, 93 ... Sand storage bin,

Claims (1)

Automatic concrete production and loading system, automatic mixing of a predetermined amount of raw concrete material with respect to a predetermined mixer truck to the mixer by the program of the management center system , and kneading with the mixer to produce ready concrete A weight sensor for detecting the weight of the ready-mixed concrete and a gate opening / closing sensor for detecting the opening and closing of the gate of the hopper are provided in a concrete hopper arranged downstream of the mixer, and after the mixing of the mixer, After confirming the empty signal and the gate closing signal from the gate open / close sensor by the confirmation means, the gate of the mixer is opened, the ready-mixed concrete is transferred to a concrete hopper and temporarily stored, and the weight sensor is used to store the ready-mixed concrete. The amount is in the prescribed mixer truck Ensure that the predetermined weight of, after confirming by standing vehicle sensors that there is a predetermined mixer truck to a predetermined position of the mixer truck booth opening control for changing correspondingly the opening degree of the gate of the hopper over time An automatic concrete loading and loading system comprising: an automatic loading step of automatically controlling a gate opening by means and loading a predetermined amount of ready-mixed concrete on the mixer truck.

Images