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JP4963751B2 - Electrolyte - Google Patents
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JP4963751B2 - Electrolyte - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4963751B2
JP4963751B2 JP2000370926A JP2000370926A JP4963751B2 JP 4963751 B2 JP4963751 B2 JP 4963751B2 JP 2000370926 A JP2000370926 A JP 2000370926A JP 2000370926 A JP2000370926 A JP 2000370926A JP 4963751 B2 JP4963751 B2 JP 4963751B2
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Prior art keywords
electrolytic solution
electrolyte
halogen
photovoltaic cell
redox
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JP2002175842A (en
Inventor
照久 井上
征明 池田
晃一郎 紫垣
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2004Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542Dye sensitized solar cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高光電変換能と耐久性を兼ね備えた電解液およびその高粘度化物を用いた光電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、低コスト、高性能な光電池として、簡便に作製できる、グレッツェル等(M.Gratzel Nature,1991,vol353,p737)により報告された色素増感型太陽電池の開発が盛んに行われている。この技術は、ルテニウム錯体によって増感された酸化チタン多孔質薄膜を電極とするもので、低コストで、しかも、多量のルテニウム錯体を担持できるため、高いエネルギー変換効率を示すというものである。この光電池に使用されている電解液は、有機溶剤であるため液漏れ、引火、爆発等の危険性、また、進入した水による性能低下、ヨウ素の昇華による濃度低下等の問題を抱えている。このため、色素増感型太陽電池に使用される電解液として有機電解液の含有量の比較的少ない擬固体型電解液が検討されたりしている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、現状では電解液粘度が低すぎる為に完全な封止が出来ずに徐々に電解液が抜けて所定の性能が出しにくくなってしまったり、酸化還元系電解液の溶媒成分を減らして擬固体化させて液漏れを防ごうとしてかえって電気的性能を低下させたりして、完全に初期の性能を確保する事は非常に困難であるという問題があった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者らは前記課題を解決すべく、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、電解液に粘度調整剤を混合することにより、安全でかつ耐久性能が高く、高光電変換効率を発現する電解液の開発に成功した。
即ち、本発明は、
【0005】
(1)酸化還元系電解質もしくは酸化還元系電解質を含む溶液に粘性調整剤を加えることにより粘度調整した電解液、
(2)粘性調整剤が天然物粘土誘導体である上記1の電解液、
(3)粘性調整剤が油脂誘導体である上記1の電解液、
(4)粘性調整剤が会合型高分子もしくは低重合体である上記1の電解液、
(5)粘性調整剤がアルカリ膨潤型である上記1の電解液、
(6)酸化還元系電解質としてハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物及びハロゲン分子からなる上記1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の電解液、
(7)ハロゲン化合物がヨウ素化合物で、ハロゲン分子がヨウ素である上記1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の電解液、
(8)ハロゲン化合物がヨウ素の有機もしくは無機塩である上記1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の電解液、
(9)酸化還元系電解質もしくは酸化還元系電解質を含む溶液の25℃での粘度が粘性調整剤を用いることにより1.1倍以上に増粘することを特徴とした上記1〜8のいずれか一項記載の電解液、
(10)上記1〜9のいずれか一項記載の電解液を用いた光電池、
を提供する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の電解液の製造方法は、酸化還元系電解液に粘性調整剤を混合させることにより、電解液が増粘する。粘度調整剤の添加量を調整して電気的性質の低下のない程度の電解液を調整する。この方法で得られる電解液は、光電池用として好適である。
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0007】
光電池とは一般的に光電効果により光のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換するもの全体を指す。光を吸収して電子と正孔に分離される電荷分離層両側に両極を配して閉回路として、光エネルギーを永続的に電気エネルギーに変換する事を可能としたものを光電池という。光電池には一般的な結晶型シリコン太陽電池、多結晶シリコン太陽電池、アモルファスシリコン太陽電池、色素増感型太陽電池等、種々の材料に使用可能であるが、本発明の電解液は色素増感型太陽電池に特に最適である。
【0008】
色素増感型太陽電池はグレッツェル等(M.Gratzel Nature,1991,vol353,p737)により報告されたように半導体電極、対極、電解液で構成される。半導体電極は酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物半導体を導電性ガラス等の導電性材料表面に薄膜化させて、その酸化物半導体薄膜に色素を吸着担持する事により得られる。色素を吸着担持した半導体は増感され、広い波長の光を吸収する。光を吸収して色素が励起されて酸化状態になると同時に電子を放出する。対極は導電性ガラス等の導電性材料の表面に白金もしくはカーボン等を蒸着して得られる。得られた半導体電極と対峙するように対極を配置する。対極表面では後述する酸化された酸化還元系電解質を再還元する。その隙間に酸化された増感色素を再還元するための酸化還元系電解質を含んだ溶液を充填して電池の周囲を樹脂で封止して色素増感型太陽電池となる。ここで、用いられる色素としては特に限定されないが、例えばピリジン誘導体が配位したルテニウム錯体、フタロシアニン系色素、エオシンエローなどが挙げられる。
【0009】
本発明の酸化還元系電解質には酸化還元系電解質自身が液状で溶媒を兼ねる場合もある。また、酸化還元系電解液は酸化還元系電解質と溶媒とを混合させて用いても、混合させずに用いても良い。酸化還元系電解液の調製法の一例としては酸化還元系電解質であるハロゲン化合物もしくはハロゲン分子を溶媒と混合させた後、未混合のものを混合させて所定の酸化還元系電解液を調製する。酸化還元系電解質のどちらを先にどの溶媒と混合するかは溶媒に対する酸化還元系電解質の溶解性等で決まる。できた酸化還元系電解液に粘性調整剤を加えて本発明の電解液を得る、
【0010】
酸化還元系電解液全体に対する酸化還元系電解質合計の割合は0.01重量%〜99.9重量%で、好ましくは0.1重量%〜99重量%程度である。酸化還元系電解液中の粘性調整剤の割合は0.05重量%〜50重量%あって、0.1重量%〜20重量%が好ましい。
【0011】
酸化還元系電解液の、使用可能な溶媒としては、酸化還元系電解質と相溶性があるものであれば制限はなく、例えば水、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、アセトニトリル、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、3−メトキシプロピオニトリル、γ−ブチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルスルフォキシド、スルフォラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,3−ジオキソラン、エチル・メチルカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、トリフルオロメチルプロピレンカーボネート、メチル・プロピルカーボネート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、各種アルコール、ケトン類及びエステル類等の有機溶剤等が挙げられる。このなかでも、エチレンカーボネート、アセトニトリル、3−メトキシプロピオニトリルが好ましい。これらは、単独または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることが出来る。
【0012】
本発明で用いる粘性調節剤としては例えば天然物粘度誘導体、油脂誘導体、会合型高分子もしくは低重合体などが挙げられる。天然物粘土誘導体としては例えばスクメタイト粘土、ベントナイト粘土、モンモリロナイト粘土、ヘクトライト粘土等が挙げられる。
【0013】
油脂誘導体としては例えば天然のひまし油誘導体等が挙げられる。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる会合性高分子もしくは低重合体としては例えばアクリルアミド誘導体、ポリエーテル、ウレア、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテル、ポリオール等の会合性高分子等が挙げられる。
【0015】
本発明で用いるアルカリ膨潤型の粘性調整剤としては例えばアクリル系、変成アクリルコポリマー等が挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明で使用する酸化還元系電解質にはハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物及びハロゲン分子からなるハロゲン系酸化還元系電解質、フェロシアン酸塩−フェリシアン酸塩やフェロセン−フェリシアニウムイオンなどの金属錯体等の金属酸化還元系電解質、アルキルチオール−アルキルジスルフィド、ビオロゲン色素、ヒドロキノン−キノン等の芳香族酸化還元系電解質などをあげることができるが、ハロゲン系酸化還元系電解質が好ましい。
【0017】
ハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物及びハロゲン分子を含有するハロゲン系酸化還元系電解質に用いるハロゲン分子としては、例えばヨウ素分子や臭素分子等があげられ、ヨウ素分子が好ましい。また、ハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物としては、例えばLiI、NaI、KI、CsI、CaI2等の無機塩、テトラーnープロピルアンモニウムアイオダイド等のテトラアルキルアンモニウムアイオダイド、ピリジニウムアイオダイド、1、2ージメチルー3ーnープロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、1ーメチルー3ーヘキシルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、1ーメチルー3ーオクチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、1ーエチルー3ーイソプロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、1ーエチルー2ーメチルー3ーシアノエチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、1ーエチルー3ーメチルーイミダゾリウムアイオダイド等のイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、含窒素ポリマーの4級アンモニウムのハロゲン塩等の有機塩があげられる。これらの酸化還元系電解質は常温で固体でも液状でもよい。ハロゲン系酸化還元系電解質を用いる場合は、ハロゲン系酸化還元系電解質全体に対するハロゲン分子の割合は、0.001重量モル%〜40重量モル%で、好ましくは0.01重量モル%〜20重量モル%である。
【0018】
これらの酸化還元系電解液には、さらに、イミダゾリウム塩、4級アンモニウム塩、t−ブチルピリジン、メチルフラン等を添加することにより、電解質の電極特性を向上させることが可能である。
【0019】
以下、実施例により詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0020】
以下の式で表される公知の色素を3×10ー4MになるようにEtOHに溶解させて色素溶液を調製して用いた。
【0021】
【化1】

Figure 0004963751
【0022】
実施例1
酸化チタン(P25:日本アエロジル社製)8gに硝酸0.9mlを乳鉢に入れ分散混練しながら水20mlを加え、白色ペーストを得た。これに分散安定剤(TritonXー100、アルドリッチ社製)を数滴添加した。フッ素ドープ酸化スズをコーティングしたガラスにガラス棒を用いてペーストを均一に塗布した。1時間、風乾後、450度30分焼成して、半導体薄膜電極を得た。これに上で調製した色素溶液に室温にて1晩浸積させた後、EtOH洗浄して、自然乾燥させて、目的とする半導体電極(A)を得た。
【0023】
この色素を吸着させた半導体電極を挟むように表面を白金でスパッタされた導電性ガラスを配した。それをクリップにて挟み固定してその空隙に電解液(a)を挟んで光電池Aを得た。電解液(a)は、エチレンカーボネート:アセトニトリル=1:1の溶媒にヨウ素/ヨウ化テトラ−n−プロピルアンモニウムをそれぞれ0.1M/1Mになるように溶解し、これに粘度を調整するために粘性調整剤としてひまし油の有機誘導体の一つであるヒドロキシステアリン酸誘導体(CHIXCIN R:エレメンティスジャパン(株)製)を電解液全体の0.5重量%になるように調製した。
【0024】
実施例2
実施例1において電解液(a)の粘性調整剤の代わりにスクメタイト粘土誘導体であるBENTONE SD2(エレメンティシジャパン(株)製)電解液全体の1.0重量%になる用に調整した電解液(b)を用いて光電池Bを得た。
【0025】
実施例3
実施例1において電解液(a)を電解液(c)にする事以外は実施例1と同様にして光電池Cを得た。電解液(c)は1ーメチルー3ーヘキシルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド中に沃素を0.2Mになるように酸化還元系電解質を混合した。次に酸化還元系電解質混合物1に対してアセトニトリル/水(1:1)を0.1になるように希釈した。これに粘性調整剤としてポリエーテル系会合性高分子RHEOLATE300(エレメンティスジャパン(株)製)を電解液全体に対して0.3重量%になるように調製した。
【0026】
実施例にて調整した電解液(粘度調整剤混合前、粘度調整剤にて調整後)の粘度はE型粘度計を用いて25℃にて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
Figure 0004963751
【0027】
測定する電池の大きさは実行部分を0.5×0.5cm2とした。光源は500Wキセノンランプを用いて、AM1.5フィルターを通して100mWとした。短絡電流、解放電圧、変換効率、形状因子はポテンシオ・ガルバノスタットを用いて測定した。結果を表2にしめす。
Figure 0004963751
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明の電解液を用いることにより、安全で耐久性が高く、かつ非常に高い光電変換能を有する光電池が作成可能と成った。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution having both high photoelectric conversion ability and durability, and a photovoltaic cell using a highly viscous product thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, development of dye-sensitized solar cells reported by Gretzel et al. (M. Gratzel Nature, 1991, vol353, p737), which can be easily produced as a low-cost, high-performance photovoltaic cell, has been actively conducted. This technology uses a titanium oxide porous thin film sensitized with a ruthenium complex as an electrode, and can exhibit a high energy conversion efficiency because it can carry a large amount of a ruthenium complex at a low cost. Since the electrolytic solution used in this photovoltaic cell is an organic solvent, it has problems such as liquid leakage, ignition, explosion, etc., performance deterioration due to water entering, and concentration reduction due to sublimation of iodine. For this reason, a quasi-solid electrolyte having a relatively small content of organic electrolyte has been studied as an electrolyte used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, because the electrolyte viscosity is too low at present, complete sealing cannot be achieved and the electrolyte gradually falls out, making it difficult to achieve the prescribed performance, or by reducing the solvent component of the redox electrolyte and reducing it. There is a problem that it is very difficult to ensure the initial performance completely by reducing the electrical performance by solidifying the liquid and preventing the liquid leakage.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have obtained an electrolytic solution that is safe and has high durability performance and exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency by mixing a viscosity modifier with the electrolytic solution. Was successfully developed.
That is, the present invention
[0005]
(1) An electrolytic solution whose viscosity is adjusted by adding a viscosity modifier to a redox electrolyte or a solution containing a redox electrolyte,
(2) The electrolyte solution according to 1 above, wherein the viscosity modifier is a natural product clay derivative,
(3) The electrolyte solution according to 1 above, wherein the viscosity modifier is an oil or fat derivative,
(4) The electrolytic solution according to 1 above, wherein the viscosity modifier is an associative polymer or a low polymer,
(5) The electrolyte solution according to 1 above, wherein the viscosity modifier is an alkali swelling type,
(6) The electrolytic solution according to any one of 1 to 5 above, comprising a halogen compound having a halogen ion as a counter ion and a halogen molecule as a redox electrolyte.
(7) The electrolytic solution according to any one of 1 to 6, wherein the halogen compound is an iodine compound and the halogen molecule is iodine,
(8) The electrolytic solution according to any one of the above 1 to 7, wherein the halogen compound is an organic or inorganic salt of iodine,
(9) Any of the above 1 to 8, wherein the viscosity at 25 ° C. of the redox electrolyte or the solution containing the redox electrolyte is increased to 1.1 times or more by using a viscosity modifier. The electrolyte according to one item,
(10) A photovoltaic cell using the electrolytic solution according to any one of 1 to 9,
I will provide a.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method for producing an electrolytic solution of the present invention, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is increased by mixing a viscosity adjusting agent with the redox electrolytic solution. The amount of the viscosity modifier added is adjusted to adjust the electrolyte solution to such an extent that the electrical properties do not deteriorate. The electrolytic solution obtained by this method is suitable for a photovoltaic cell.
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0007]
A photovoltaic cell generally refers to an entire cell that converts light energy into electrical energy by the photoelectric effect. A cell that absorbs light and separates electrons and holes into both sides of the charge separation layer to form a closed circuit that can permanently convert light energy into electrical energy is called a photovoltaic cell. Photovoltaic cells can be used for various materials such as general crystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells, but the electrolytic solution of the present invention is dye-sensitized. It is particularly optimal for type solar cells.
[0008]
The dye-sensitized solar cell is composed of a semiconductor electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolytic solution as reported by M. Gratzel Nature, 1991, vol353, p737. The semiconductor electrode is obtained by thinning a metal oxide semiconductor such as titanium oxide or zinc oxide on the surface of a conductive material such as conductive glass and adsorbing and supporting a dye on the oxide semiconductor thin film. A semiconductor that adsorbs and supports a dye is sensitized and absorbs light of a wide wavelength. The dye is excited by absorbing light and enters an oxidized state, and at the same time emits electrons. The counter electrode is obtained by depositing platinum or carbon on the surface of a conductive material such as conductive glass. A counter electrode is disposed so as to face the obtained semiconductor electrode. On the counter electrode surface, an oxidized redox electrolyte described later is re-reduced. The gap is filled with a solution containing a redox electrolyte for re-reducing oxidized sensitizing dye, and the periphery of the battery is sealed with a resin to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell. Here, the dye used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a ruthenium complex coordinated with a pyridine derivative, a phthalocyanine dye, and eosin yellow.
[0009]
In some cases, the redox electrolyte of the present invention is liquid and also serves as a solvent. Further, the redox electrolyte may be used by mixing the redox electrolyte and the solvent, or may be used without mixing. As an example of a method for preparing the redox electrolyte solution, a halogen compound or a halogen molecule, which is a redox electrolyte, is mixed with a solvent, and then an unmixed one is mixed to prepare a predetermined redox electrolyte solution. Which of the redox electrolyte is mixed with which solvent first depends on the solubility of the redox electrolyte in the solvent. A viscosity modifier is added to the resulting redox electrolyte solution to obtain the electrolyte solution of the present invention.
[0010]
The ratio of the total redox electrolyte to the total redox electrolyte is 0.01 wt% to 99.9 wt%, preferably about 0.1 wt% to 99 wt%. The ratio of the viscosity modifier in the redox electrolyte is 0.05 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight.
[0011]
The usable solvent of the redox electrolyte is not limited as long as it is compatible with the redox electrolyte. For example, water, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Triethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, 3-methoxypropionitrile, γ-butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, ethyl methyl Carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether Le, various alcohols, organic solvents such as ketones and esters. Of these, ethylene carbonate, acetonitrile, and 3-methoxypropionitrile are preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0012]
Examples of the viscosity modifier used in the present invention include natural product viscosity derivatives, oil and fat derivatives, associative polymers, and low polymers. Examples of the natural product clay derivative include scumite clay, bentonite clay, montmorillonite clay, hectorite clay and the like.
[0013]
Examples of oil and fat derivatives include natural castor oil derivatives.
[0014]
Examples of the associative polymer or low polymer used in the present invention include associative polymers such as acrylamide derivatives, polyethers, ureas, polyurethanes, polyethers, and polyols.
[0015]
Examples of the alkali swelling type viscosity modifier used in the present invention include acrylic and modified acrylic copolymers.
[0016]
The oxidation-reduction electrolyte used in the present invention includes halogen compounds having halogen ions as counter ions and halogen-based oxidation-reduction electrolytes composed of halogen molecules, metals such as ferrocyanate-ferricyanate and ferrocene-ferricyanium ions. Examples include metal redox electrolytes such as complexes, and aromatic redox electrolytes such as alkylthiol-alkyl disulfides, viologen dyes, and hydroquinone-quinones, and halogen redox electrolytes are preferred.
[0017]
Examples of the halogen molecule used in the halogen-based redox electrolyte containing a halogen compound having a halogen ion as a counter ion and a halogen molecule include an iodine molecule and a bromine molecule, and an iodine molecule is preferable. Examples of the halogen compound having a halogen ion as a counter ion include inorganic salts such as LiI, NaI, KI, CsI, and CaI2, tetraalkylammonium iodide such as tetra-n-propylammonium iodide, pyridinium iodide, 1, 2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3-isopropylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-cyanoethyl imidazole Organic salts such as imidazolium iodides such as 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium iodide and quaternary ammonium halogen salts of nitrogen-containing polymers These redox electrolytes may be solid or liquid at room temperature. When the halogen-based redox electrolyte is used, the ratio of halogen molecules to the whole halogen-based redox electrolyte is 0.001 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by mole. %.
[0018]
By adding imidazolium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, t-butylpyridine, methylfuran, etc. to these redox electrolytes, it is possible to improve the electrode characteristics of the electrolyte.
[0019]
Hereinafter, although an example explains in detail, the present invention is not limited to these.
[0020]
A known dye represented by the following formula was dissolved in EtOH to 3 × 10 −4 M to prepare a dye solution for use.
[0021]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004963751
[0022]
Example 1
To 8 g of titanium oxide (P25: manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), 0.9 ml of nitric acid was placed in a mortar and 20 ml of water was added while dispersing and kneading to obtain a white paste. A few drops of a dispersion stabilizer (Triton X-100, manufactured by Aldrich) was added thereto. The paste was uniformly applied to the glass coated with fluorine-doped tin oxide using a glass rod. After air-drying for 1 hour, baking was performed at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a semiconductor thin film electrode. This was immersed in the dye solution prepared above at room temperature overnight, then washed with EtOH and naturally dried to obtain the target semiconductor electrode (A).
[0023]
Conductive glass whose surface was sputtered with platinum was disposed so as to sandwich the semiconductor electrode on which the dye was adsorbed. It was clamped and fixed with a clip, and an electrolytic solution (a) was sandwiched between the gaps to obtain a photovoltaic cell A. In order to adjust the viscosity of the electrolytic solution (a), iodine / tetra-n-propylammonium iodide is dissolved in a solvent of ethylene carbonate: acetonitrile = 1: 1 so as to be 0.1M / 1M, respectively. A hydroxystearic acid derivative (CHIXCIN R: manufactured by Elementis Japan Co., Ltd.), which is one of the organic derivatives of castor oil, was prepared as a viscosity modifier so as to be 0.5% by weight of the entire electrolytic solution.
[0024]
Example 2
In Example 1, instead of the viscosity modifier of the electrolytic solution (a), an electrolytic solution prepared to be 1.0% by weight of the entire BENTONE SD2 (Elementismi Japan Co., Ltd.) electrolytic solution, which is a squametite clay derivative ( Photocell B was obtained using b).
[0025]
Example 3
A photovoltaic cell C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolytic solution (a) was changed to the electrolytic solution (c) in Example 1. The electrolytic solution (c) was prepared by mixing a redox electrolyte in 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide so that iodine was 0.2 M. Next, the redox electrolyte mixture 1 was diluted with acetonitrile / water (1: 1) to 0.1. As a viscosity modifier, polyether-based associative polymer RHEOLATE300 (produced by Elementis Japan Co., Ltd.) was prepared so as to be 0.3% by weight with respect to the entire electrolytic solution.
[0026]
The viscosity of the electrolyte solution adjusted in the examples (before mixing with the viscosity adjusting agent and after adjusting with the viscosity adjusting agent) was measured at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer. The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure 0004963751
[0027]
The size of the battery to be measured was 0.5 × 0.5 cm 2 at the execution portion. The light source was a 500 W xenon lamp and 100 mW through an AM1.5 filter. Short-circuit current, release voltage, conversion efficiency, and form factor were measured using a potentio galvanostat. The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 0004963751
[0028]
【Effect of the invention】
By using the electrolytic solution of the present invention, it has become possible to produce a photovoltaic cell that is safe and highly durable and has a very high photoelectric conversion ability.

Claims (6)

酸化還元系電解液に粘性調整剤を加えることにより粘度が増粘した電解液であって、該粘性調整剤が天然物粘土誘導体、油脂誘導体、会合型高分子またはアルカリ膨潤型である光電池用電解液。A electrolyte viscosity thickened by adding a viscosity modifier to the redox-based electrolyte solution, natural product clay derivative viscous modifiers, oil derivatives, electrolytic photovoltaic is associative polymer or alkali-swelling liquid. 酸化還元系電解質としてハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物及びハロゲン分子からなる請求項1に記載の光電池用電解液。The electrolytic solution for a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, comprising a halogen compound having a halogen ion as a counter ion and a halogen molecule as the redox electrolyte. ハロゲン化合物がヨウ素化合物で、ハロゲン分子がヨウ素である請求項2に記載の光電池用電解液。The electrolytic solution for a photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, wherein the halogen compound is an iodine compound and the halogen molecule is iodine. ハロゲン化合物がヨウ素の有機もしくは無機塩である請求項2に記載の光電池用電解液。The electrolytic solution for a photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, wherein the halogen compound is an organic or inorganic salt of iodine. 酸化還元系電解液の25℃での粘度が粘性調整剤を用いることにより1.1倍以上に増粘することを特徴とした請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の光電池用電解液。 5. The electrolytic solution for a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity at 25 ° C. of the oxidation-reduction electrolytic solution is increased to 1.1 times or more by using a viscosity modifier. 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の光電池用電解液を用いた光電池。The photovoltaic cell using the electrolyte solution for photovoltaic cells as described in any one of Claims 1-5.
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