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JP4972002B2 - Seawater exchange breakwater - Google Patents
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JP4972002B2 - Seawater exchange breakwater - Google Patents

Seawater exchange breakwater Download PDF

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JP4972002B2
JP4972002B2 JP2008015144A JP2008015144A JP4972002B2 JP 4972002 B2 JP4972002 B2 JP 4972002B2 JP 2008015144 A JP2008015144 A JP 2008015144A JP 2008015144 A JP2008015144 A JP 2008015144A JP 4972002 B2 JP4972002 B2 JP 4972002B2
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seawater
floating body
intake chamber
breakwater
undulating gate
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JP2009174218A (en
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春彦 松岡
忠男 伊藤
中山  実
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株式会社丸島アクアシステム
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

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Description

本発明は、海水交換型防波堤に関する。   The present invention relates to a seawater exchange breakwater.

従来、防波堤本体の外洋側に設置した潜提の上に、板状の浮体構造物を傾動可能に配置して、外洋側の波力で浮体構造物が傾動することで、浮体構造物を乗り越えた海水を防波堤本体と潜提との間に流入させ、この海水を港内側に導入するようにした海水交換型防波堤がある(特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, a plate-like floating structure is tiltably arranged on the underlay installed on the open ocean side of the breakwater body, and the floating structure is tilted by wave force on the open ocean side to overcome the floating structure. There is a seawater exchange type breakwater in which the seawater flows between the breakwater body and the slats and this seawater is introduced inside the harbor (see Patent Document 1).

前記潜提は、前提部と、その両側の側提部とを有していて、浮体構造物は前提部の上に配置され、この浮体構造物の両側は、垂直に立ち上がった側壁状の側提部で囲まれるようになっている。
特開2002−327418号公報
The submerged portion has a premise portion and side lantern portions on both sides thereof, and the floating structure is disposed on the premise portion, and the both sides of the floating structure are arranged on the side wall-like side rising vertically. It is now surrounded by the head office.
JP 2002-327418 A

しかしながら、特許文献1のように、潜提の前提部の浮体構造物の両側を垂直に立ち上がった側壁状の側提部で囲んでしまうと、波の進入角度が浮体構造物に対して直角方向であれば問題は無いが、風力等で斜め方向に変わると、側壁状の側提部が波消しとなり、波力で浮体構造物が傾動し難く、海水が浮体構造物を乗り越え難くなって、海水の取り込み効率が悪くなるという問題があった。   However, as in Patent Document 1, if both sides of the floating structure of the underlying part of the submerged frame are surrounded by the side-shaped side-standing part that rises vertically, the wave approach angle is perpendicular to the floating structure. If there is no problem if it changes in an oblique direction with wind power etc., the side flank of the side wall will be wave-dissipated, the floating structure will not easily tilt due to the wave force, and seawater will not be able to get over the floating structure, There was a problem that the intake efficiency of seawater deteriorated.

本発明は、前記問題を解消するためになされたもので、波の進入角度が変わっても、海水の取り込み効率が向上するようにした海水交換型防波堤を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a seawater exchange type breakwater that improves the efficiency of taking in seawater even if the wave approach angle changes. .

前記課題を解決するために、本発明は、外洋側と港内側とを仕切る防波堤本体の外洋側の前面開口に面して海水取り込み室が形成され、この海水取り込み室に、上部を港内側に傾斜させた起伏ゲート状浮体が設けられ、この起伏ゲート状浮体よりも後方の海水取り込み室と港内側とは海水導入通路で連通されているとともに、前記防波堤本体の前面開口は、起伏ゲート状浮体の起立傾斜角度にほぼ沿った前傾斜面に形成されている一方、前記起伏ゲート状浮体の上部と前記海水取り込み室の底部との間には可撓性のゴム膜が取付けられているとともに、前記起伏ゲート状浮体と前記ゴム膜の両側部と海水取り込み室の内面との間には、隙間が形成されていることを特徴とする海水交換型防波堤を提供するものである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a seawater intake chamber formed facing the front opening on the open ocean side of the breakwater main body that partitions the open ocean side and the inside of the harbor, An inclined undulating gate-like floating body is provided, and the seawater intake chamber and the inner side of the harbor are communicated with each other by a seawater introduction passage, and the front opening of the breakwater main body is a undulating gate-like floating body A flexible rubber film is attached between the upper part of the undulating gate-like floating body and the bottom part of the seawater intake chamber, A seawater exchange type breakwater is provided in which a gap is formed between the undulating gate-like floating body, both side portions of the rubber film, and the inner surface of the seawater intake chamber .

請求項のように、前記起伏ゲート状浮体よりも後方の海水取り込み室の側面で、起伏ゲート状浮体の起立上端付近に、海水取り込み室に封じ込められた浮遊ゴミを外洋側に排出するためのゲート付き開口が形成されていることが好ましい。 As described in claim 2 , on the side of the seawater intake chamber behind the undulating gate-like floating body, in the vicinity of the rising upper end of the undulating gate-like floating body, the floating garbage enclosed in the seawater intake chamber is discharged to the open ocean side. A gated opening is preferably formed.

請求項のように、前記防波堤本体は、略矩形ブロック状のケーソンでなることが好ましい。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, the breakwater main body is preferably formed of a caisson having a substantially rectangular block shape.

本発明によれば、防波堤本体の前面開口を起伏ゲート状浮体の起立傾斜角度にほぼ沿った前傾斜面に形成したから、波の進入角度が浮体構造物に対して斜め方向であっても、前傾斜面の前方両側には側壁が無く、波消しにならないので、波力で起伏ゲート状浮体が傾動し易く、海水が起伏ゲート状浮体を乗り越え易くなって、海水の取り込み効率が向上するようになる。   According to the present invention, since the front opening of the breakwater main body is formed on the front inclined surface substantially along the rising inclination angle of the undulating gate-like floating body, even if the wave entry angle is oblique to the floating structure, Since there are no side walls on both sides of the front inclined surface, it will not be wave-dissipated. become.

請求項によれば、海水取り込み室に浮遊ゴミが封じ込められた場合、この浮遊ゴミが抵抗となって海水の取り込み効率が悪くなり、腐敗・悪臭の原因ともなるが、開口のゲートを一定時間だけ開けておけば、起伏ゲート状浮体を乗り越えた海水とともに浮遊ゴミが開口から外洋側に自動的に排出されるようになる。 According to claim 2 , when floating waste is contained in the seawater intake chamber, the floating waste becomes resistance and the intake efficiency of seawater is deteriorated, which causes rot and odor. If it is only opened, suspended waste will be automatically discharged from the opening to the open ocean side along with the seawater that has overcome the undulating gate-like floating body.

請求項によれば、起伏ゲート状浮体等を予め組み込んだケーソンを設置する工事だけで、海水交換型防波堤が完成するようになる。 According to the third aspect , the seawater exchange type breakwater can be completed only by the construction of installing the caisson in which the undulating gate-like floating body or the like is previously incorporated.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は、外洋側Aと港内側Bとを仕切る防波堤本体1であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は、正面図である。図2は図1(a)のI−I線断面図である。   FIG. 1 shows a breakwater main body 1 that partitions the open ocean side A and the harbor inside B, (a) is a plan view, and (b) is a front view. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG.

防波堤本体1は、基本的には、略矩形ブロック状で、外洋側Aの前面開口1aに面して海水取り込み室2が形成された中空コンクリート製のケーソンである。このケーソンは、例えば一辺が5m程度の大きさである。   The breakwater main body 1 is basically a hollow concrete caisson having a substantially rectangular block shape and having a seawater intake chamber 2 facing the front opening 1a on the open ocean side A. This caisson has a size of about 5 m on a side, for example.

防波堤本体1の海水取り込み室2には、上部を港内側Bに傾斜させた起伏ゲート状浮体3が設けられている。この起伏ゲート状浮体3は、下部が海水取り込み室2の底部にヒンジ軸4で前後回動可能に取付けられて、その浮力によって、前方に起立するようになる。   The seawater intake chamber 2 of the breakwater main body 1 is provided with an undulating gate-like floating body 3 whose upper part is inclined toward the port inner side B. The undulating gate-like floating body 3 is attached to the bottom portion of the seawater intake chamber 2 so as to be pivotable back and forth by a hinge shaft 4 and rises forward by its buoyancy.

起伏ゲート状浮体3の上部と海水取り込み室2の底部との間には可撓性のゴム膜6が取付けられるとともに、起伏ゲート状浮体3の中間部と海水取り込み室2の底部とは、起伏ゲート状浮体3の流出防止用ワイヤーロープ7で連結されている。ここで、図1(a)から明らかなように、起伏ゲート状浮体3とゴム膜6の両側部と海水取り込み室2の内面との間には、隙間Sが形成されている。 A flexible rubber film 6 is attached between the upper part of the undulating gate-like floating body 3 and the bottom part of the seawater intake chamber 2, and the middle part of the undulating gate-like floating body 3 and the bottom part of the seawater intake chamber 2 are undulated. The gate-like floating body 3 is connected by a wire rope 7 for preventing outflow. Here, as is clear from FIG. 1A, a gap S is formed between the undulating gate-like floating body 3, both side portions of the rubber film 6, and the inner surface of the seawater intake chamber 2.

このワイヤーロープ7によって、浮力で前方に起立する起伏ゲート状浮体3の起立位置が規制されるようになる。また、起伏ゲート状浮体3は、外洋側Aからの波力によって後方に倒伏するようになる。起伏ゲート状浮体3の最大起立位置は、最大水位H.W.Lよりも僅か上方に上端部が臨むように設定されている。   By this wire rope 7, the standing position of the undulating gate-like floating body 3 that rises forward by buoyancy is regulated. In addition, the undulating gate-like floating body 3 falls backward due to the wave force from the open ocean side A. The maximum standing position of the undulating gate-like floating body 3 is the maximum water level H.264. W. It is set so that the upper end faces slightly above L.

この起伏ゲート状浮体3よりも後方の海水取り込み室2の下部と港内側Bとは海水導入通路8で連通されている。   The lower part of the seawater intake chamber 2 behind the undulating gate-like floating body 3 and the port inner side B are communicated with each other through a seawater introduction passage 8.

防波堤本体1の前面開口1aは、従来は、図2の二点鎖線aおよび図4を参照すれば、防波堤本体1´の前垂直面1cに形成されているが、本実施形態では、起伏ゲート状浮体3の起立傾斜角度θにほぼ沿った前傾斜面1bに形成されている。   The front opening 1a of the breakwater main body 1 is conventionally formed in the front vertical surface 1c of the breakwater main body 1 ′ with reference to the two-dot chain line a in FIG. 2 and FIG. It is formed on the front inclined surface 1 b substantially along the rising inclination angle θ of the cylindrical floating body 3.

そして、海水取り込み室2の前面開口1aを塞ぐ除塵用のバースクリーン9が前傾斜面1bに沿って設けられている。   A dust-removing bar screen 9 that closes the front opening 1a of the seawater intake chamber 2 is provided along the front inclined surface 1b.

起伏ゲート状浮体3よりも後方の海水取り込み室2の側面には、起伏ゲート状浮体3の起立上端付近に、海水取り込み室2に封じ込められた浮遊ゴミを外洋側に排出するためのスライドゲート11付き開口12が形成されている。このスライドゲート11は、防波堤本体1の上面に据付けられた手動開閉機13にエンドレスチェーン14で連結されて、手動操作によって、スライドゲート11を上下動させることで、開口12を開閉できるようになっている。なお、防波堤本体1の上面には、点検用開口18を塞ぐグレーチング19が設けられている。   On the side surface of the seawater intake chamber 2 behind the undulating gate-like floating body 3, a slide gate 11 for discharging floating dust enclosed in the seawater intake chamber 2 to the open ocean side near the rising upper end of the undulating gate-like floating body 3. Attached opening 12 is formed. The slide gate 11 is connected to a manual opening / closing device 13 installed on the top surface of the breakwater main body 1 by an endless chain 14, and the opening 12 can be opened and closed by moving the slide gate 11 up and down manually. ing. A grating 19 that closes the inspection opening 18 is provided on the upper surface of the breakwater main body 1.

ケーソンである防波堤本体1は、図3(a)のように、複数個(本例では2個であるが、3個以上でも可。)を横並び状態で設置することができる。また、海底に構築された固定の防波堤15の間に設置することもできる。なお、ケーソンである防波堤本体1の側壁部にスライドゲート11を設ける場合は、防波堤本体1の横並びは2個までとし、固定の防波堤15の外洋側に設置することが好ましい。   As shown in FIG. 3A, a plurality of breakwater main bodies 1 that are caissons (two in this example, but three or more are also possible) can be installed side by side. It can also be installed between fixed breakwaters 15 constructed on the sea floor. In addition, when providing the slide gate 11 in the side wall part of the breakwater main body 1 which is a caisson, it is preferable to set the breakwater main body 1 side by side to 2 pieces, and to install in the open ocean side of the fixed breakwater 15.

前記のような海水交換型防波堤であれば、図2のように、外洋側Aからの波力bによって起伏ゲート状浮体3が後方に倒伏すると(矢印c参照)、この起伏ゲート状浮体3を海水が乗り越えて(矢印d参照)、起伏ゲート状浮体3の後方の海水取り込み室2に流入するようになる。この海水が海水導入通路8を介して港内側Bに導入されることで(矢印e参照)、その分の港内側Bの海水が防波堤の船舶用航路等から外洋側Aに押し出されることで、外洋側Aと港内側Bとの間で海水交換が行われるようになる。   In the case of the seawater exchange type breakwater as described above, when the undulating gate-like floating body 3 falls backward (see arrow c) due to the wave force b from the open ocean side A, as shown in FIG. Seawater gets over (see arrow d) and flows into the seawater intake chamber 2 behind the undulating gate-like floating body 3. When this seawater is introduced into the port inner side B via the seawater introduction passage 8 (see arrow e), the seawater of the corresponding port inner side B is pushed out to the open ocean side A from the ship channel of the breakwater, Seawater exchange is performed between the open ocean side A and the harbor inside B.

ここで、図4に示した従来の防波堤本体1´では、前面開口1aが前垂直面1cに形成されていることから、図4(b)のように、波の進入角度が起伏ゲート状浮体3に対して直角方向(矢印f参照)であれば問題は無いが、風力等で斜め方向(矢印g参照)に変わると、側壁1dが波消しとなり、波力で起伏ゲート状浮体3が傾動し難く、海水が起伏ゲート状浮体3を乗り越え難くなって、海水の取り込み効率が悪くなる。   Here, in the conventional breakwater main body 1 ′ shown in FIG. 4, the front opening 1 a is formed in the front vertical surface 1 c. If the direction is perpendicular to 3 (see arrow f), there will be no problem, but if the wind is changed to an oblique direction (see arrow g), the side wall 1d becomes waveless and the undulating gate-like floating body 3 tilts due to wave force. However, it becomes difficult for the seawater to get over the undulating gate-like floating body 3, and the intake efficiency of the seawater is deteriorated.

これに対して、図3に示した本実施形態の防波堤本体1では、防波堤本体1の前面開口1aを起伏ゲート状浮体3の起立傾斜角度θにほぼ沿った前傾斜面1bに形成した(換言すれば、ケーソンの側壁を起伏ゲート状浮体3に沿わせて切り取った)から、波の進入角度が起伏ゲート状浮体3に対して斜め方向(矢印g参照)であっても、前傾斜面1bの前方両側には側壁1d(二点鎖線a参照)が無く、波消しにならないので、波力で起伏ゲート状浮体3が傾動し易く、海水が起伏ゲート状浮体3を乗り越え易くなって、海水の取り込み効率が向上するようになる。   In contrast, in the breakwater main body 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the front opening 1a of the breakwater main body 1 is formed on the front inclined surface 1b substantially along the rising inclination angle θ of the undulating gate-like floating body 3 (in other words, If the side wall of the caisson is cut along the undulating gate-like floating body 3), even if the wave approach angle is oblique to the undulating gate-like floating body 3 (see arrow g), the front inclined surface 1 b Since there are no side walls 1d (see the two-dot chain line a) on both sides of the front of the ridge, the undulating gate-shaped floating body 3 is easily tilted by wave force, and the seawater can easily get over the undulating gate-shaped floating body 3, Incorporation efficiency is improved.

また、海水取り込み室2の前面開口1aを塞ぐバースクリーン9を前傾斜面1bに沿って設けたから、傾斜させた起伏ゲート状浮体3の前方にバースクリーン9を合理的に配置できるようになる。   Further, since the bar screen 9 that closes the front opening 1a of the seawater intake chamber 2 is provided along the front inclined surface 1b, the bar screen 9 can be rationally arranged in front of the inclined undulating floating body 3.

さらに、海水取り込み室2に浮遊ゴミが封じ込められた場合、この浮遊ゴミが抵抗となって海水の取り込み効率が悪くなり、腐敗・悪臭の原因ともなるが、開口12のゲート11を一定時間だけ開けておけば、起伏ゲート状浮体3を乗り越えた海水とともに浮遊ゴミが開口12から外洋側Aに自動的に排出されるようになる。   In addition, if floating waste is contained in the seawater intake chamber 2, the floating waste becomes resistance and the seawater intake efficiency deteriorates, causing rot and odor. However, the gate 11 of the opening 12 is opened for a certain period of time. In this case, floating dust is automatically discharged from the opening 12 to the open ocean side A together with the seawater that has passed over the undulating gate-like floating body 3.

また、防波堤本体1は、略矩形ブロック状のケーソンでなるから、起伏ゲート状浮体3等を予め組み込んだケーソンを設置する工事だけで、海水交換型防波堤が完成するようになる。   Moreover, since the breakwater main body 1 is made of a substantially rectangular block-shaped caisson, a seawater exchange type breakwater can be completed only by installing a caisson in which the undulating gate-like floating body 3 or the like is previously incorporated.

前記実施形態の防波堤本体1は、ケーソンであったが、海底に構築される固定の防波堤15に海水取り込み室2を形成し、前面開口1aを前傾斜面1bに形成する等すれば、ケーソンでなくても実施可能である。   The breakwater main body 1 of the above embodiment is a caisson. However, if the seawater intake chamber 2 is formed on the fixed breakwater 15 constructed on the seabed, and the front opening 1a is formed on the front inclined surface 1b, the caisson is used. It is possible even without it.

本発明の実施形態の海水交換型防波堤であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は、正面図である。It is the seawater exchange type breakwater of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is a front view. 図1(a)のI−I線断面図である。It is the II sectional view taken on the line of Fig.1 (a). 本発明の実施形態の海水交換型防波堤であり、(a)は設置状態の斜視図、(b)は波の進入角度を示す平面図である。It is the seawater exchange type breakwater of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a perspective view of an installation state, (b) is a top view which shows the approach angle of a wave. 従来の海水交換型防波堤であり、(a)は設置状態の斜視図、(b)は波の進入角度を示す平面図である。It is the conventional seawater exchange type breakwater, (a) is a perspective view of an installation state, (b) is a top view which shows the approach angle of a wave.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 防波堤本体
1a 前面開口
1b 前傾斜面
2 海水取り込み室
3 起伏ゲート状浮体
8 海水導入通路
9 バースクリーン
11 ゲート
12 開口
A 外洋側
B 港内側
θ 起立傾斜角度
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Breakwater body 1a Front opening 1b Front inclined surface 2 Seawater intake chamber 3 Undulating gate-like floating body 8 Seawater introduction passage 9 Bar screen 11 Gate 12 Opening A Open ocean side B Harbor inside θ Standing inclination angle

Claims (3)

外洋側と港内側とを仕切る防波堤本体の外洋側の前面開口に面して海水取り込み室が形成され、この海水取り込み室に、上部を港内側に傾斜させた起伏ゲート状浮体が設けられ、この起伏ゲート状浮体よりも後方の海水取り込み室と港内側とは海水導入通路で連通されているとともに、前記防波堤本体の前面開口は、起伏ゲート状浮体の起立傾斜角度にほぼ沿った前傾斜面に形成されている一方、
前記起伏ゲート状浮体の上部と前記海水取り込み室の底部との間には可撓性のゴム膜が取付けられているとともに、前記起伏ゲート状浮体と前記ゴム膜の両側部と海水取り込み室の内面との間には、隙間が形成されていることを特徴とする海水交換型防波堤。
A seawater intake chamber is formed facing the front opening on the open ocean side of the breakwater body that separates the open ocean side and the harbor inside, and this seawater intake chamber is provided with a undulating gate-like floating body with the upper part inclined toward the inside of the port. The seawater intake chamber behind the undulating gate-shaped floating body and the inside of the port are communicated by a seawater introduction passage, and the front opening of the breakwater main body is a front inclined surface substantially along the rising inclination angle of the undulating gate-shaped floating body. while being formed,
A flexible rubber film is attached between the top of the undulating gate-like floating body and the bottom of the seawater intake chamber, and the undulating gate-like floating body, both sides of the rubber film, and the inner surface of the seawater intake chamber A seawater exchange breakwater characterized by a gap formed between the two .
前記起伏ゲート状浮体よりも後方の海水取り込み室の側面で、起伏ゲート状浮体の起立上端付近に、海水取り込み室に封じ込められた浮遊ゴミを外洋側に排出するためのゲート付き開口が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項に記載の海水交換型防波堤。 On the side of the seawater intake chamber behind the undulating gate-shaped floating body, an opening with a gate is formed near the rising upper end of the undulating gate-shaped floating body to discharge floating debris contained in the seawater intake chamber to the open ocean side. The seawater exchange type breakwater according to claim 1 . 前記防波堤本体は、略矩形ブロック状のケーソンでなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の海水交換型防波堤。 The seawater exchange type breakwater according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the breakwater main body is a caisson having a substantially rectangular block shape.
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