JP4976010B2 - Porous surface ceramic - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a porous-surface ceramic ware desirably used in a cooling element or device utilizing the effect of cooling by water evaporation and having mechanical strength almost equivalent to those of conventional ceramic ware. <P>SOLUTION: The porous-surface ceramic ware is one at least partly covered with a porous layer, wherein the porous layer comprises ceramic particles sintered and bound to form continuous pores like a millet cake and has water permeability. It is also possible that the porous layer is one composed of ceramic particles bound through a glaze and that the porous layer is one obtained by firing a layer of a firable precursor comprising ceramic particles, a glaze, and particles capable of being lost by firing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&amp;NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a porous ceramic product, and more particularly to a ceramic having a porous surface.

  Various methods for producing porous ceramic bodies with traditionally continuous pores are known. A method of using coarse aggregate, a method of firing under conditions where sintering does not proceed like unglazed, a method of adding a pyrolyzable substance such as calcium carbonate to a raw material, a method of adding a combustible substance to a raw material (for example, , See Patent Document 1). In the present invention, a technique for creating a porous ceramic body is applied as a method for forming a porous layer on the surface of the ceramic, not the substrate.

  On the other hand, as a proposal for applying porous ceramics to a cold air device, there is a cold air fan in which a water container is provided with a natural cooling function (for example, see Patent Document 2). In this proposal, a water-permeable material (for example, clay) is used in the air / cooling storage tank. In the proposal, an evaporating sheet (for example, unemployed cloth) is attached to the outside of the cold air cooling storage tank, and a part of the evaporating sheet is hung on the water in the storing tank and led to the outer evaporating sheet by the principle of siphon.

  If a water permeable material such as clay is used in the storage tank for air supply and cooling, if the amount of evaporation is increased to increase the cooling performance, the amount of water penetrating the walls of the storage tank will increase and water leakage will increase. There is a problem that the amount of stored water decreases. In addition, when an evaporating sheet is used, there is no particular problem if the water storage tank is not used and is not manually operated before and after it, but if such an operation is performed, consider adhesion to the sheet. Therefore, there is a problem in the durability of the sheet and the durability of the adhesive strength in the wet state with respect to the wall surface of the storage tank.

  In addition, there has been proposed a cold air fan in which porous ceramics are applied to the cold air device (see, for example, Patent Document 3). In this proposal, a water-absorbing ceramic body is used for the water vaporization part. However, this proposal mainly uses a photo-semiconductor catalyst sheet to prevent mold and bacteria from entering the air that is deprived of heat of vaporization (cold air). The ceramic body has a honeycomb shape, and a sponge or other water-absorbing sheet-like water absorbing member is attached to the front and back surfaces and the upper surface of the ceramic body in order to supply water to the ceramic body.

Affixing a sheet-like water-absorbing member has a problem in the durability and adhesive strength in a constantly wet state with the surface of the ceramic body. Although the water absorbing member serves to carry water to the long holes (passages) of the honeycomb-shaped ceramic body, the water absorbing member itself does not serve to be cooled by water evaporation. The heat of vaporization in the interior contributes to cooling. The inner surface of the long hole is smooth, and the surface area is not large, so that efficient water transpiration cannot be expected.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-130073 JP-A-6-129655 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-292137

  As described above, the conventional porous ceramics have been used as a support for gas and liquid separation and filtration media, catalysts, bioreactors, and the like by making the substrate itself porous. However, the porous substrate has a drawback that the mechanical strength is low compared to the dense substrate.

  It has been practiced for a long time to form ridges on the surface of ceramic bodies. However, since ordinary cocoons are glassy, they have a function of waterproofing the substrate and facilitating cleaning, but have no function of penetrating and absorbing liquids. Amber is a thin silicate mixture that is welded to the surface of the ceramic body.

  As described above, resin products such as polyurethane sponge, fiber products such as cloth and non-woven fabric, pulp products such as paper, glass fibers for wicks, and the like are widely used as liquid permeation and absorption materials. However, they have the disadvantage of being inferior in heat resistance or chemical resistance.

Therefore, the present inventor has intensively studied to provide a product having a porous layer on the surface having high mechanical strength of the substrate, excellent liquid permeability and absorbability, and excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance. As a result, the present invention has been achieved.

  The gist of the present invention is a ceramic in which a porous layer is formed on at least a part of the surface, and the porous layer has continuous pores in which ceramic particles are bonded together by sintering. It is a porous surface ceramic that has a water conductivity.

  The porous layer may be formed by bonding the ceramic particles through a glaze.

  The porous layer may be formed by firing a layer of a firing precursor containing ceramic particles, a glaze, and burnable particles.

  The ceramic may have a glazed surface, and the porous layer may be formed on the surface of the glazed surface.

  In the porous surface ceramics, the ceramics may be provided with a container-shaped portion having a bottom wall and a side wall standing from the peripheral edge of the bottom wall, and the upper part of the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall and the inner and outer surfaces respectively. The porous layer may be formed on the upper edge surface of the side wall.

  In the porous surface ceramic, the ceramic may include an outer container part having a peripheral side wall, the outer container part may share the container shape part and the bottom wall, and the peripheral side wall surrounds the side wall and It can stand up from the periphery of the bottom wall, and a space can be formed between the peripheral side wall and the side wall.

  In the porous surface ceramic, the ceramic may have a folded portion that is folded outward and downward at at least a part of the upper edge portion of the side wall, and is extended on the upper surface of the folded portion. A layer may be formed.

  In the porous surface ceramic, a plant can be vegetated in the container-shaped portion.

  The porous surface ceramic can be placed in a water storage container.

  In the porous surface ceramic, ikebana can be used in the container-shaped part.

  The said container shape part may be mounted on the receiving container which receives water, or an inside.

  A receiving part for receiving water may be provided below the ceramic or near the lower part of the outer surface.

  A storage portion for storing water may be provided below the ceramic or in the vicinity of the lower portion of the outer surface.

  Water may be stored in the container shape portion.

  Further, the gist of the present invention resides in a lamp core made of the porous surface ceramic.

  The lamp core may have a container shape that opens upward and stores fuel, and the porous layer may be formed on an inner peripheral surface.

  A candle comprising the wick and wax stored in the container may be constructed.

  A stool may be configured that is made of the porous surface ceramics, includes a seat portion that seals the upper opening, and has a through hole formed in the side wall.

  Further, the gist of the present invention includes a wind-cooled portion, a water reservoir, a water conduit section that guides water stored in the water reservoir to the wind-cooled portion, and the wind-cooled portion. A cool air generator configured to send air toward the air, wherein the air-cooled portion, the water storage portion, and the water conduit portion include the porous surface ceramic. It is to be a cold air generator.

  The porous surface ceramic including the water conduit portion and the wind-cooled portion may be integrally formed.

  The wind-cooled part and the water storage part may be integrally formed.

  Further, the gist of the present invention includes the porous surface ceramic comprising the water storage portion having a peripheral wall and a cylindrical portion positioned below the water storage portion, and the inner and outer surfaces of the peripheral wall. And the porous layer is formed on the surface of the upper edge portion, a through hole is formed in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion, the surface of the cylindrical portion near the through hole and the upper edge of the cylindrical portion connected to the surface The porous layer is formed on the surface of the part, and the vicinity of the through hole of the cylindrical part becomes the wind-cooled part, and is formed on the outer surface of the porous layer formed on the upper edge of the cylindrical part and the peripheral wall. It is that it is the said cool air generator in which the said water conduit part was formed by connecting with the porous layer which was further connected, and the said air blower was incorporated in this cylinder part.

  Further, the gist of the present invention is configured to include a water storage portion made of the porous surface ceramic and provided with a peripheral wall, and a cylindrical portion on which the water storage portion is made of the other porous surface ceramic. The porous layer is formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the peripheral wall, a through hole is formed in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion, the surface of the cylindrical portion near the through hole, and the upper edge of the cylindrical portion connected to the surface The porous layer is formed on the surface of the part, and the vicinity of the through-hole of the cylindrical part becomes the wind-cooled part, and the porous layer formed on the upper edge of the cylindrical part and the lower edge part of the outer peripheral wall surface It is in the cold air generator in which the water conduit portion is formed by contact with the porous layer formed on the tube, and the blower is built in the tube portion.

  In the cold air generator, the water reservoir may include an outer peripheral wall, the peripheral wall may extend from the lower peripheral edge of the outer peripheral wall toward the inside of the outer peripheral wall, and then rise, and the upper edge of the peripheral wall may be a closed curve shape Can be done.

  In conventional porous pottery, the substrate itself was porous, so the mechanical strength of the entire product decreased as the porosity increased. Therefore, there are restrictions on the degree of freedom of product shape and usage conditions. On the other hand, since the porous surface ceramic of the present invention has a dense base and high mechanical strength, the degree of freedom of the product shape and usage conditions are equivalent to those of general ceramic products. Further, even when a porous layer having a higher porosity than that of the conventional porous ceramic body is formed on the surface of the product, the mechanical strength of the entire product does not decrease so much.

  In the present invention, the liquid is moved in the porous layer mainly by capillarity, siphon principle, and dropping due to attractive force. Since an electric pump or the like is not required, a power source is not required, and it is possible to provide a liquid transfer technique that can be used in a wide range of places and has a low environmental load.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the porous surface ceramics which are used suitably for the cooling element and apparatus using the cooling effect by transpiration of water, and a mechanical strength substantially do not change with the conventional ceramics are provided.

  According to the present invention, it is suitably used as a cooling element that utilizes the cooling effect of water transpiration, the appearance has a ceramic texture and luxury, is easy to harmonize with the interior space, and is decorated with glaze, sculpture, etc. Porous surface ceramics with a high degree of freedom are provided.

  The members of the conventional separation and filtration apparatus using porous ceramics have the disadvantage that the mechanical strength of the whole member is low because the substrate itself is porous, whereas the porous surface ceramic of the present invention The member of the filtration apparatus using the material enables the separation and filtration of the liquid by the porous layer provided on the outer surface of the substrate having a high density and high mechanical strength, or on the inner surface of the tube made of the substrate. Therefore, the effect that the mechanical strength of the whole member does not fall is brought about.

  While water is supplied to a water retaining member of a cold air device currently on the market by the power of a motor or the like, in the cold air device of the present invention, a capillary phenomenon, the principle of siphon, Since water is supplied by the drop due to the attractive force, the power consumption of the motor and the noise generated from the drive unit are reduced.

  The cold air devices currently on the market are mainly composed of resin, and the appearance is lacking in character. However, since the cool air device of the present invention is mainly composed of ceramics, its appearance has a high-class appearance, is easily harmonized with the interior space, and has a high degree of freedom of decoration by glaze, sculpture, and the like.

  According to the present invention, a conventional one made of a woven fabric of glass fiber is used as a wick for a liquid fuel such as a general kerosene stove or a solid fuel such as wax. While it is necessary to trim the wick with scissors after a certain period of use, it has a high fire resistance and provides a quasi-permanent wick. In the liquid fuel vaporization and combustion apparatus member using the lamp core of the present invention, vaporization and combustion proceed in a relatively thin porous layer on the surface of the ceramic, so that there is little generation of oil smoke and soot due to incomplete combustion. Further, since the substrate is heated with combustion, there is an effect that the vaporization of the liquid fuel in the porous layer is accelerated.

  Candles made of wax in a container made of porous surface ceramic according to the present invention can produce an annular fantastic flame. Furthermore, the appearance of this container has a ceramic texture and luxury, and it is easy to harmonize with the interior space, and the degree of freedom of decoration with glaze and sculpture is high, so it becomes a candle goods with a very high-class feeling.

  An embodiment of a ceramic product having a porous layer on the surface according to the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, the product is fired at an appropriate temperature by applying to the surface of the ceramic body a slurry mainly composed of an aggregate whose particle size is adjusted and pores between the particles are not blocked by firing. The substrate is sintered during firing, and changes to a dense material with high mechanical strength after firing. However, it has been found that the slurry applied to the surface of the substrate does not proceed with the sintering and changes into a porous layer having continuous pores.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the porous surface ceramic 2 of the present invention is a ceramic in which a porous layer 4 is formed on at least a part of the surface, and the porous layer 4 is formed on the surface of a ceramic base 6. . In the drawings of the present specification, members having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Moreover, in this specification, a porous surface ceramic shall mean the ceramics which have the structure shown in FIG. 1, the ceramics as an apparatus, an instrument, a tool, or a member, or the structure shown in FIG. That is, when a certain part of the ceramic has the structure shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic material constituting the part is also meant.

  The ceramic base 6 is made of the same material as that of ordinary ceramics obtained by firing a clay similar to that of conventional ceramics. The porous layer 4 is formed by bonding ceramic particles 8 through a glaze 10 and having continuous pores 7 in a wrinkled shape by sintering. A glaze is a substance that becomes a glaze when fused to the surface of a ceramic.

  The porous surface ceramic 2 is obtained by applying a slurry containing ceramic particles and a glaze to a substrate to be a ceramic substrate 6 to form a porous layer precursor, and then firing the substrate coated with the slurry. As a result, the precursor is fired together with the base material, and the ceramic particles are sintered through the glaze at the contact portion between the adjacent particles to form the porous layer 4 and the ceramic base 6 having the stagnation-like bonding state of the particles. Is done.

The substrate may be a substrate before firing, a substrate that has been unbaked, or a substrate that has been baked. The substrate may be a glazed ceramic. In this case, it is preferable that the glazing is applied to at least a region of the substrate surface where the porous layer 4 is to be formed.

  The porous layer 4 may be one in which ceramic particles are sintered at a contact portion between adjacent particles, and have continuous pores 7 in the form of an abalone. In this case, the porous surface ceramic 2 is obtained by applying a slurry containing ceramic particles to a base material to be a ceramic base 6 to form a porous layer precursor, and then firing the base material with the slurry. Thereby, a precursor is baked with a base material and the porous layer 4 and the ceramic base | substrate 6 are formed.

  As an example of a specific method of obtaining the porous surface ceramic of the present invention, for example, a slurry made of aggregated, relatively coarse, used coconut powder powder is applied to the surface of an unglazed ceramic body. The method of baking after drying is mentioned. The substrate has almost no water absorption and is sintered in a dense state with high mechanical strength, but a porous layer with continuous pores is formed in the gap between the aggregate and the aggregate in the part where the slurry is applied. . The average particle diameter of the insulator powder is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm.

  Another example of a specific method for obtaining the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is a method of applying a slurry containing refractory clay as a main component to the surface of a ceramic body that has been baked, and baking it after drying. The substrate has almost no water absorption and sinters into a dense state with high mechanical strength, but the part coated with mud does not proceed with sintering because of its high fire resistance, and has a porous layer with continuous pores. Is formed.

  When the porous surface ceramic of the present invention has a cylindrical rod shape, when the lower end of the rod is immersed in water, the water penetrates and is absorbed into the porous layer, and rises to a certain height of the porous layer by capillary action.

  Further, when the lower end of the rod is immersed in water mixed with pigment, water and the pigment are permeated and absorbed into the porous layer, and rise to a certain height of the porous layer by capillary action. At that time, the pigment drew a horizontal stripe pattern on the surface of the porous layer. The pigment is separated in the porous layer, and the same phenomenon as in liquid chromatography is observed.

  The porous surface ceramic 2 is formed into a shape suitable for various applications described in detail in this specification, and FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the porous surface ceramic.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the porous surface ceramic 2p of the present invention is a bar shape having a substantially “hoop shape”, when one end 11 of the “h” of the bar is immersed in water, the water becomes porous. Permeated and absorbed by the stratum corneum, one side 13 of “he” rises obliquely upward by capillary action, and eventually the other side 15 of “he” descends obliquely downward, and the other end 17 of “he” Drip from. As long as water is continuously supplied to one end 11, the movement of water to the other end 17 is continued by the siphon principle.

  In the case where the porous surface ceramic of the present invention has a “U-shaped” tubular shape and a porous layer is formed on the inner surface of the tube, when the opening at the lower end of the short side of “He” is immersed in water, Rises in the porous layer in the tube by capillary action, eventually moves to the inside of the long side of “He”, and drops from the opening at the lower end of the long side of “He”.

  As described above, in the present invention, the porous layer formed on the ceramic surface has water conductivity such that water that has permeated the porous layer moves in the plane direction of the porous layer by capillary action or siphon principle. .

  As raw materials of the base, plastic raw materials such as kaolin, clay, mica, porcelain stone, non-plastic raw materials such as feldspar, silica stone, calcium carbonate, magnesite, alumina, ceramic powder, metal such as iron and metal oxide such as titanium dioxide Products, organic and inorganic plasticizers, dispersants and flocculants can be used, but are not limited thereto. Any raw material may be used as long as it is used for the production of ceramics, and the blending ratio thereof is not particularly limited.

  In the present invention, in order to form a porous layer having continuous pores excellent in water conductivity on the surface of the ceramic, it is preferable to use an aggregate having a relatively coarse particle size as ceramic particles used for slurry. In addition, it is preferable to use an inorganic material having a higher fire resistance than that of the base material and difficult to progress sintering, a thermally decomposable inorganic material such as calcium carbonate, or an inflammable material such as an organic powder. Further, these raw materials may be used in combination. Among these, the porous layer 4 having good water conductivity can be obtained by adding burnable particles such as organic powder to the slurry. That is, when the porous layer having continuous pores is obtained by firing a layer of a firing precursor containing ceramic particles, a glaze, and burnable particles, the porous layer 4 having good water conductivity can be obtained.

  Raw materials to be ceramic particles include rock particles such as feldspar and silica, non-plastic raw materials such as calcium carbonate, magnesite, alumina, ceramic powder, metal such as iron and metal oxide such as titanium dioxide, glass powder, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to these as long as an awkward structure is formed by sintering.

  In the present invention, as a raw material of the slurry for forming a porous layer having continuous pores, in addition to ceramic particles, plastic raw materials such as kaolin, clay, mica and porcelain, organic materials such as coke powder and resin powder are used. Combustible materials, organic and inorganic plasticizers, dispersants, and flocculants can be used, but are not limited thereto. Any raw material may be used as long as it is used for the production of ceramics, and the blending ratio thereof is not particularly limited.

  In the present invention, the aggregate particles adjacent to each other are sintered at the contact points by firing to form an awkward structure. Alternatively, using a slurry in which aggregate and glaze are mixed, particles of the aggregate are sintered through the glaze at the contact points by firing to form an aquatic structure. In the structure in which the aggregate particles are sintered through the glaze at the contact point, the sintering can be performed at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the aggregate particles are directly sintered, and the aggregate is extremely hard at the time of sintering. It is more preferable that continuous pores having good water conductivity are formed in the porous layer 4 because the gap between the aggregate particles is maintained without being crushed.

  A glaze is a treatment liquid containing a glaze. The glaze is a material for glazing made of a material that is welded to the surface of a ceramic and becomes a glaze. In the present invention, ordinary glazes such as lead bran, alkali bran, alkali-lime bran, lime bran, feldspar bran, boric acid bran can be used as the glaze. The glaze is not limited to these.

  The permeation and absorption performance of the liquid by the porous layer 4 depends on the wettability of inorganic components in the slurry, particle size, particle shape, fire resistance, product firing conditions, amount and particle size of additives, and thermal decomposition of inorganic additives. And the burn-out property of organic additives. Capillaries with excellent liquid permeability and absorbability can be formed, and pores with excellent liquid impregnation and retention can be formed.

  In the present invention, the porous layer may be formed using raw materials having different particle sizes and components depending on the part of the product, or the porous layer may be formed in a multilayer structure using raw materials having different particle sizes and components.

  In the present invention, methods for applying mud to the surface of the substrate include soaking, pouring and spraying. Also, if the method is to form a porous layer, a method such as spraying dry raw material powder instead of slurry on a wet substrate, or a method such as pasting a kneaded clay material on the substrate, etc. It is also possible to choose.

In the present invention, the thickness of the porous layer formed on the surface of the substrate is not particularly limited. The thickness may be a micrometer order thickness, a millimeter order thickness, or a centimeter order thickness. Moreover, thickness may differ with the site | parts of a product.

  In the present invention, the liquid that permeates, absorbs and impregnates and retains the porous layer on the surface of the substrate is water, a chemical solution, an aqueous solution of various substances, an oil and fat, It may be one in which various substances are dissolved in fats and oils, an organic or inorganic solvent, or one in which various substances are dissolved in a solvent. Any liquid may be used, and a suspension containing insoluble particles may be used. Moreover, you may combine these and the mixing ratio is not specifically limited.

  In the present invention, the movement of the liquid that permeates and absorbs into the porous layer on the surface of the substrate may be in the falling direction from top to bottom, in the horizontal direction, diagonally up or diagonally down It can be in the direction from the bottom to the top due to the capillary phenomenon, or in the direction in which it is once lifted up and then dropped down by the siphon principle.

  In the present invention, as a method of vaporizing the liquid that has permeated into the porous layer on the surface of the substrate, it may be naturally vaporized in the atmosphere, a blower or the like may be used, and heat from outside or inside may be used. May be added.

Experimental example 1
An experiment was conducted to investigate the water transfer effect of the porous surface ceramic of the present invention. As a porous surface ceramic, a substantially square-shaped sample 44 shown in FIG. 2 was prepared. The sample is formed by forming the porous layer 4 on a part of the surface of the “U” -shaped rod-shaped ceramic base 46.

  First, Shigaraki clay was used as a raw material, molded into the shape of a ceramic base 46, dried, and baked at 800 ° C. to prepare a substrate. Next, glaze was applied to the entire surface of the substrate by a normal method, followed by baking at 1200 ° C. Ash ash was used as the glaze. Next, the slurry was applied to the surface region of the ceramic substrate 46 to be formed with the porous layer 4 and baked at 1250 ° C. The thickness of the porous layer 4 was 1 mm.

  The amount of slurry is appropriate for 5 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm, 5 parts by weight of clay ash, and 5 parts by weight of spherical hollow resin powder having an average particle size of 50 μm (trade name F50E manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). The water was added to adjust the viscosity. As the ceramic particles, pulverized coconuts were used.

  The sample 44 had a diameter of 10 mm, a short side length L1 of 50 mm, and a long side length L2 of 100 mm. The bending angle α was 120 degrees.

  The bent portion of the sample 44 protruded upward, the angle of the long side with respect to the horizontal was 40 degrees, and the lower end of the short side 50 (one side 13) of the sample 44 was immersed in water (distilled water). Water permeated and absorbed into the porous layer 48, the short side 50 was raised obliquely upward by capillary action, and the long side 52 (the other side 15) was lowered downward and dropped from the lower end of the long side 52. As long as the lower end of the short side 50 was immersed in water, dripping of water from the long side 52 continued. The dropping amount was 1 drop / 2 seconds.

Experimental example 2
As a slurry, an appropriate amount of water was added to 100 parts by weight of ceramic particles having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm and 5 parts by weight of clay ash to adjust the viscosity. As the ceramic particles, a rod-like sample 44 was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that a pulverized product of insulator was used, and the lower end of the short side 50 was immersed in water. The amount of water dripping from the long side 52 was 1 drop / 4 seconds, and it was found that the water guiding effect by the siphon effect was larger in the case of Experimental Example 1 in which the burnable resin powder was added to the slurry. It was done.

  The presence / absence of water conductivity of the porous layer in this specification is determined by the dropping rate of water when a porous layer is formed on the entire surface of the ceramic substrate 46 and water is introduced into the porous layer in the mode of Experimental Example 1. Can do. When the dropping speed is 1 drop / 6 seconds or more, this porous layer is a porous layer having water conductivity.

  The porous surface ceramic of the present invention can be applied to a flower pot, and the wetness of the soil in the pot can be suitably maintained without putting a hand. An example of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the flower pot 20 has a double wall structure container structure of an inner container (container-shaped part) 32 sharing the bottom wall 31 and an outer container part 34, and the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall 131 of the inner container 32. And the porous layer 4b is formed in the upper edge part surface. A drain hole 35 is formed in the center of the bottom wall 31. Thus, the porous layer 4b is formed on a part of the surface of the ceramic base 6b. The drain hole 35 may not necessarily be necessary depending on the vegetation mode.

  A peripheral side wall 135 of the outer container part 34 surrounds the side wall 131 and stands from the periphery of the bottom wall 31, and a space 39 is formed between the peripheral side wall 135 and the side wall 131.

  The inner container 32 has a shape of a flower pot, and a plant 38 is vegetated with a soil 36. Water 40 is stored in the space 39. As shown in the enlarged view of the vicinity of the upper edge 60 of the inner container 32 in FIG. 4, the water 40 is formed on the inner container 32 from the outer wall surface of the inner container 32 in the direction of the arrow 320m using the porous layer 4b as a water conduit. It reaches the inner wall surface of the inner container 32 via the edge 60 and is then absorbed by the soil 36. The porous layer 4b on the outer periphery of the inner container 32 is exposed to the atmosphere at the upper part of the outer periphery, and a flower pot with the effect that water is evaporated from the exposed part and the inner container 32 is cooled is obtained. It is done.

  The ratio of the height of the outer container part 34 to the height of the inner container 32 is approximately 1: 1, but the height of the outer container part 34 is set lower than the height of the inner container 32, for example, 1: 2 to 1:10. Also good. In this case, most of the porous layer 4b on the outer periphery of the inner container 32 is exposed to the atmosphere at the upper part of the outer periphery, and water evaporates from the exposed part to cool the inner container 32. Is big.

  In an embodiment in which the peripheral wall of the inner container 32 is made of ordinary clay, the water 40 penetrates the peripheral wall and passes through the peripheral wall to reach the soil 36. In such an aspect, the water passes through the peripheral wall per time. The amount of water to be used is large, and the moisture of the soil 36 tends to be excessive. Moreover, the decrease rate of the stored water 40 is fast, and frequent replenishment of water to the space 39 is necessary.

  On the other hand, in the flower pot 20 using the porous surface ceramic of the present invention, a small amount of water is constantly supplied to the soil 36 through the porous layer 4b, so that the appropriate moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and the space is maintained. No frequent water replenishment to 39 is required.

  FIG. 5 shows another embodiment in which the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is applied to a flower pot. In FIG. 5, the flower pot 70 has a container shape, and has a bottom wall 72, a middle bottom plate 74 provided on the top of the bottom wall 72, and a side wall 77 standing from the periphery of the bottom wall 72. A porous layer 4c is formed on a part of the surface of the ceramic base 6c. The porous layer 4 c is formed on the inner and outer surfaces and the upper edge of the side wall 77. The bottom wall 72 and the side wall 77 are integrally formed.

  The soil 38 is put in the upper part of the middle bottom plate 74 of the flower pot 70, and the plant 38 is vegetated. Water 40 is stored in a space 79 between the middle bottom plate 74 and the bottom wall 72.

  In the flower pot 70, a small amount of water is constantly supplied from the water 40 stored in the space 79 through the porous layer 4c to the soil 36, so that the appropriate moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and the space 79 is supplied to the space 79. Does not require frequent water replenishment.

  FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment in which the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is applied to a flower pot. In FIG. 6, the flower pot structure 80 is composed of a water storage container 82 and a flower pot-shaped porous surface ceramic 4 a in which the inside of the water storage container 82 is placed on the hook. The bottom surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a does not have a drain hole. The porous layer 4d is formed on the inner and outer surfaces and the upper edge of the side wall 77a of the ceramic base 6d of the porous surface ceramic 4a.

  Plants 38 are vegetated by putting the soil 36 in the porous surface ceramic 4a. The water 40 is stored in the water storage container 82. The water 40 reaches the inner wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a from the outer wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a through the upper edge 100 of the porous surface ceramic 4a using the porous layer 4d as a water conduit, and is then absorbed by the soil 36.

  In the flowerpot structure 80, a small amount of water is constantly supplied to the soil 36 through the porous layer 4d, so that the appropriate moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and the water storage container 82 is frequently refilled with water. Do not need.

  The aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the water container for vases is shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the vase structure 90 of the present invention includes a water receiving container 92 and a vase-shaped water container 95 that is placed in the water receiving container 92 and can use the flower arrangement 104. The water container 95 includes a ceramic base 6a and a porous layer 4d provided on the surface of the ceramic base 6a. The water container 95 is supported by the upper edge 98 of the water receiving container 92 so that the bottom of the water receiving container 95 is located in the inside of the water receiving container 92.

  The aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the vase is shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the vase structure 100 of the present invention includes a water receiving container 102 and a water container 95 placed on the inner bottom of the water storage container 102. The porous layer 4 d is provided on the inner and outer surfaces and the upper edge surface of the peripheral wall of the water container 95.

  In the vase structure 90 and the vase structure 100, live water 106 for activating the ikebana 104 is in contact with the porous layer 4d on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the porous surface ceramic 94, and the live water 106 passes from the inner surface of the peripheral wall to the porous layer 4d. To reach the outer surface of the peripheral wall via the upper edge surface of the water container 95. A part of the live water 106 evaporates on the outer surface of the peripheral wall, and the remainder reaches the lower end of the outer surface of the peripheral wall, and drops or flows down from there into the water storage container 92 or the water storage container 102.

  The peripheral wall of the water container 95 is cooled by the transpiration of water on the outer surface of the peripheral wall, thereby preventing an excessive increase in the temperature of the live water 106 due to outside air, and the temperature of the live water 106 can be maintained at an appropriate temperature.

  The ceramic base 6a is preferably glazed. By applying glazing, excess water permeates into the peripheral wall of the water container 95 and directly reaches the outer surface of the peripheral wall to evaporate or flow downward, thereby preventing the fresh water 106 from being lost in a short time.

  In the present invention, the water container 95 can be placed directly on the floor surface and used as a vase as long as the floor surface is not wet.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the water container 95 may be formed integrally with the water receiving container 102. As shown in FIG. 10, the porous layer 4 d may be formed on the peripheral wall surface of the water container 95. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, by selecting the area and surface shape of the porous layer 4d formed on the peripheral wall surface, the amount of water conducted through the porous layer 4d and the transpiration from the surface of the porous layer 4d. The amount of water can be adjusted.

  The water container 95 can be widely used not only for the vase but also for the purpose of maintaining the water stored therein at a temperature lower than the outside air. Although it is said that a normal unglazed rice cake also has a cooling effect by transpiration, in the present invention, in the unglazed rice cake, water penetrates into the peripheral wall and leaks to the outside, so the peripheral wall itself is made of a porous body. For this reason, it is difficult to increase the strength of the peripheral wall. Moreover, selection of the material and the baking condition for obtaining moderate permeability are delicate.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, since the ceramic base 6a does not need to be a porous body, it can be made to increase the strength of the peripheral wall, and the thickness and pore diameter of the porous layer are not related to the strength of the peripheral wall. Since it can be set, for example, a larger amount of water can be transpired or dripped or flowed down compared to an unglazed rice cake.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, such a water container makes it possible to make a water dripping device 133 for dripping water for viewing and supplying water, as shown in FIG. A rotating body-shaped water container 120 having the longitudinal section of FIG. 12, or, in other words, a rotating body-shaped water container 120 made of the porous surface ceramic according to the present invention having a shape like the summit of Mt. Fuji, is produced. A porous layer 4e was formed on the surface of 6e. When the water 40 was put into the central depression 128, the water rose due to the capillary phenomenon, and eventually the outer surface of the truncated cone-shaped cylinder 130 was lowered according to the siphon principle. For example, when water was poured into the crater of Mt. Fuji, the water traveled through the crater wall and rose up to the summit in the direction of arrow 320e, and then descended toward the base. Water movement continued as long as water was continuously supplied to the central depression 128.

  FIG. 12 is also a rotating body-shaped water container 120 which is an example of the instrument 217 for moving the liquid in the embodiment of the present invention. Here, the instrument for moving the liquid in this specification includes a fountain that enjoys the movement of the liquid, and the rotating body water container 120 enjoys the dripping water.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the device 217 for moving a liquid according to the present embodiment is formed by extending a bottom surface portion 141 forming a liquid storage portion 145 (depression 128) and an outer periphery of the bottom surface portion 141 upward. A side wall 142, a wall part 143 (conical truncated cylindrical body 130) formed to extend obliquely downward from the outer peripheral edge above the side wall 142 to a position lower than the bottom surface part 141, and a bottom surface part 141 It has a hill 144 formed. The liquid reservoir 145 may be bowl-shaped.

  A porous layer 4 e is formed on the inner surface of the bottom surface portion 141, the inner surface of the side wall 142, and a partial surface of the wall portion 143. The porous layer 4e may be formed on the entire surface of the wall portion 143.

  The liquid in the liquid reservoir 145 rises through the capillary of the porous layer 4e on the side wall 142, and the liquid descends and moves through the capillary of the porous layer 4e on the wall 143.

  In addition, the liquid is separated and filtered by changing the particle size of the aggregate of the porous layer 4e by the above method.

  In addition, the shape of the outer periphery of the wall portion 143 may be changed into a wave shape or the like by changing the length, and the liquid moving portion may be fixed.

  A plurality of appliances 217 for moving liquids, or appliances 217a and 217a for moving liquids, which are substantially similar to the appliances 217a to 217a, are stacked in multiple stages, such as the multistage cooling device 223 shown in FIG. May be used. In this case, water can be dropped sequentially from the lower edge of the wall 143 to the outer peripheral surface of the wall 143 below the wall 143, and the movement of the water can be appreciated. The lowermost instrument 217e is placed on the inner bottom surface of the water tray 222.

  Even if the multistage cooling device 223 does not perform forced air blowing, the heat of vaporization is removed by the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the porous layer 4 in the wall portion 143 and is naturally cooled. By natural cooling, for example, an initial surface temperature of the wall 143 of 24 ° C. becomes 20 ° C. after 6 minutes, and the stored water 40 is halved in 25 hours when left naturally. Moreover, the humidification effect which raises indoor humidity is acquired by installing the instrument 217 and the multistage cooling device 223 which move a liquid as a figurine etc. in a room.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, an instrument 217s for moving a liquid can be formed into a cylindrical stool shape and used as an exterior stool 370. The appliance 217s includes a cylindrical portion 360, a bottom wall 362 that seals the lower opening of the cylindrical portion 360, and a seat portion 364 that seals the upper opening of the cylindrical portion 360, which are made of a ceramic base 6x. A plurality of through holes 366 are formed in the peripheral wall of the cylindrical portion 360. The porous layer 4 is formed on the inner peripheral wall surface of the cylindrical portion 360 and the inner wall surface of the bottom wall 362. The upper surface of the seat 364 is covered with a layer of foamed ceramic 368 for a warm feel. The water 40 placed inside the cylindrical portion 360 penetrates into the porous layer 4 and further evaporates from the surface of the porous layer 4 to remove the heat of vaporization, thereby lowering the ambient temperature and obtaining a cool feeling. The stool 370 may have a rectangular cylindrical peripheral wall.

  Furthermore, the porous surface ceramic of the present invention can be combined with a blower such as a blower to obtain a cold air generator. An example of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, the cold air generator 300 includes a rod-shaped porous surface ceramic 2i bent into a hook shape, a water reservoir 306, and a blower (not shown). A plurality of porous surface ceramics 2i are arranged in parallel to each other and are erected on the base 308 with the hook portion 311 facing upward. In the porous surface ceramic 2i, the tip 313 of the hook portion 311 is immersed in the water 40 stored in the water storage container 312 (water storage portion 306). A porous layer 444 is formed on the surface of the porous surface ceramic 2i. The straight portion of the bottom surface of the porous surface ceramic 2 i is a wind-cooled portion 302. The wind-cooled portion is a portion that is cooled by the heat of vaporization when receiving a wind or when the liquid is naturally evaporated from the surface. In this aspect, wind-cooled portion 302 is cooled by receiving wind in the direction of arrow 320 from a blower (not shown) to generate cold wind.

  The porous layer 444 of the hook portion 311 serves as a water conduit portion 304 that guides water from the water storage portion 306 to the wind-cooled portion 302.

  FIG. 16 shows an example of another embodiment in which the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is combined with a blower to obtain a cold air generator. In FIG. 16, the cold air generator 300a includes a plate-shaped porous surface ceramic 2j, a water reservoir 306j, and a blower (not shown). The perforated surface ceramic 2j has a plate shape that is bent obliquely on the top and is erected on the base 308j. The water reservoir 306j is a substantially rectangular container made of the porous surface ceramic 2jj of the present invention, and one side wall 330 is inclined outwardly and obliquely upward. A porous layer 444 a is formed on the inner wall surface of the side wall 330.

A porous layer 444j is formed on the surface of the porous surface ceramic 2j. Porous surface ceramic 2
An upright plate portion 334 below j is a wind-cooled portion 302j. The wind-cooled portion 302j is cooled by receiving wind in the direction of the arrow 320j from a blower (not shown) to generate cold wind.

  A plurality of through holes 336 are formed in the upright plate portion 334.

  The water 40 stored in the water reservoir 306j penetrates into the porous layer 444a and rises along the one side wall 330, and is folded from the upper edge 340 of the one side wall 330 at the upper edge 340. , And drops from the tip of the plate portion 333 as water droplets 344 onto the bent plate-shaped portion 342 on the porous surface ceramic 2j. The porous layer 444jj formed on the inner wall surface of the one side wall 330 and the plate portion 333 and the porous layer 444j of the bent plate-shaped portion 342 conduct water from the water storage portion 306j to the wind-cooled portion 302j. It becomes the water conduit part 304j to do.

  FIG. 17 shows an example of still another embodiment in which the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is combined with a blower to obtain a cold air generator. In FIG. 17, the cold air generator 300b includes a bottomed cylindrical porous surface ceramic 2k and a blower (not shown). A plurality of flanges 346 that make a round in the circumferential direction are provided on the outer peripheral wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 2k.

  A porous layer 444k is formed on the outer peripheral wall surface including the inner wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 2k and the surface of the flange 346. The porous layer 444k may be formed in a vertical stripe shape on the surface of the porous surface ceramic 2k.

  The cylindrical portion of the porous surface ceramic 2k is a water storage portion 306k. The water 40 stored in the water reservoir 306k penetrates the porous layer 444k and rises along the inner wall 350, and the porous layer 444k formed on the outer peripheral wall of the porous surface ceramic 2k from the upper edge 352 of the inner wall 350 Via, the porous layer 444k formed on the surface of the flange 346 is reached. The porous layer 444k formed on the inner wall 350 and the porous layer 444k on the outer peripheral wall portion of the porous surface ceramic 2k serve as a water conduit portion 304k that conducts water from the water storage portion 306k to the wind-cooled portion 302k.

  The flange 346 serves as the wind-cooled portion 302k, and the wind-cooled portion 302k is cooled by receiving wind in the direction of the arrow 320k from a blower (not shown) to generate cold wind.

  In the cold wind generators 300, 300a, and 300b, water may be dropped or allowed to flow from the pipe tip into which the pressure water is introduced instead of the water reservoir to the wind cooled part.

  A porous layer 444k is preferably formed on the surface of the air-cooled portion 302k, but this surface may be a surface with good wettability such as a simple rough surface. The embodiment shown in FIG. 17 is preferable because the water storage portion 306k, the water conduit portion 304k, and the wind-cooled portion 302k are integrated into one porous surface ceramic 2k, which is compact and easy to mold. .

  FIG. 18 shows an example of still another embodiment for obtaining a cold air generator by combining the porous surface ceramic of the present invention with a blower. In FIG. 18, the cold air generator 150 is comprised including the container body 152 and the air blower 154 which consist of the porous surface ceramics of this invention. The container body 152 has a shape of a rotating body having a vertical cross section of “H” shape, that is, a shape in which a small bowl is present on the lower cylindrical portion 155, and the bowl-shaped portion is a water storage portion. 156. A plurality of through holes 158 are formed in the cylindrical wall of the lower cylindrical portion 155. Further, a porous layer 4 f indicated by a broken line is formed on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion 155 and the inner and outer surfaces of the water reservoir 156. When the water 40 is put into the water reservoir 156, the water penetrates into the porous layer 4f formed on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 181 which is the outer peripheral wall of the water reservoir 156 by the capillary phenomenon and the siphon principle, and outside the peripheral wall 181. The porous layer 4f formed on the surface and the porous layer 4f formed in the region above the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 155 serve as a water conduit portion 209, and water is in the vicinity of the through-hole 158 on the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 155. It is guided to the porous layer 4f in the region.

  When the blower 154 installed in the internal space of the cylindrical portion 155 is operated and blown toward the through-hole 158 in the direction of the arrow 320t, the vicinity of the through-hole 158 in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion 155 becomes the wind-cooled portion 163 and is porous. The vaporization of the water that has permeated the material layer 4f is promoted, and the temperature of the entire container body 152 is lowered by the removal of the heat of vaporization, and an extremely cool wind is released from the through hole 158.

  The cold air generator 150 may have a configuration in which the water storage unit 156 and the tube unit 155 are separate and the water storage unit 156 is mounted on the tube unit 155.

  An example of still another embodiment of the cold air generator using the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is shown in FIG. In FIG. 19, a cold air generator 160 is composed of the porous surface ceramic of the present invention, and has a bottomed cylindrical body (cylindrical part) shaped like a rotary body having a longitudinal section shown in FIG. 162. A plurality of through holes 158 are formed in the tube wall of the tube body 162. In addition, a water basin 161 is placed on the tube body portion 162 so as to cover the opening portion of the upper portion of the tube body portion 162. The water reservoir 161 is composed of other porous surface ceramics, and includes a cylindrical outer peripheral wall 164, a peripheral wall 166 that extends inward from the lower peripheral edge of the outer peripheral wall 164, and then rises toward the center of the outer peripheral wall 164. It is comprised from the cover 168 which covers an upper opening part. By opening the peripheral wall 166 at the center of the peripheral wall 166, a donut-shaped depression 169 is formed in the water basin 161. The water tank 161 serves as a water reservoir 156 a for storing the water 40 in the recess 169. The upper edge of the peripheral wall 166 is annular.

  A porous layer 4g indicated by a broken line is formed on the inner wall surface of the peripheral wall 166, the opening edge surface at the center, and the outer wall surface. Further, a porous layer 4 g is formed on the surface of the lower edge 173 of the water tank 161 so as to continue to the outer wall surface of the peripheral wall 166. The porous layer 4g may be formed in a vertical stripe shape on the surface of the water tank 161. Further, a porous layer 4 h indicated by a broken line is formed on the inner peripheral wall surface and the upper edge surface of the cylindrical body portion 162. The porous layer 4 h may be formed over the entire surface of the cylindrical body portion 162.

  The porous layer 4g and the porous layer 4h are brought into contact with each other at the upper edge portion of the cylindrical body portion 162 in a state where the water tank 161 is placed on the cylindrical body portion 162, and the water conduit portion 207 is formed by this contact. Then, the water that has permeated the porous layer 4g moves to the porous layer 4h and further reaches the inner wall surface of the cylindrical body portion 162 in the vicinity of the through hole 158.

  When the blower 154 installed in the internal space of the tube body 162 is operated and blown toward the through hole 158 in the direction of the arrow 320x, the vicinity of the through hole 158 on the wall of the tube body 162 becomes the wind-cooled portion 163a. The vaporization of the water that has permeated the porous layer 4h is promoted, and the heat of vaporization is taken away, so that the temperature of the entire cylindrical body 162 is lowered and a very cool wind is released from the through hole 158.

  The cylindrical portion 155 and the cylindrical body portion 162 are preferably cylindrical, but may be rectangular. The upper edge of the peripheral wall 166 may be opened in a closed curve shape such as an ellipse, a polygon, a star, or a gourd.

  In the cold air generator 150 and the cold air generator 160, water that has permeated into the porous layer 4f or the porous layer 4g formed on the inner wall surface of the water reservoir 156 or the water basin 161 is cooled by the wind-cooled portion 163 or the wind-cooled air. The structure which has a dripping water channel part dripped at the part 163a may be sufficient. Alternatively, instead of the water reservoir 156 and the water basin 161, a mode in which water is dropped from the pipe tip into which the pressure water is introduced to the wind cooled part 163 or the wind cooled part 163a may be employed.

  It is preferable that a porous layer such as the porous layer 4f or the porous layer 4g is formed on the surface of the wind-cooled portion 163 or the wind-cooled portion 163a. It may be a surface with good properties.

  The structure of the cold air generator 150 and the cold air generator 160 is configured such that the water reservoir 156 or the water basin 161, the water conduit portion 207 or the water conduit portion 209, the wind cooled portion 163 or the wind cooled portion 163a are integrated. Since it is collectively formed in each part of the two porous surface ceramics, the structure is compact and the molding is easy and the most preferable.

  In the cool air generator 160, the water channel section 207 and the porous layer 4 h of the wind cooled section 163 a connected to the water channel section 207 face the air blowing section (propeller) 179 of the blower 154, and the wind from the blower 154 is directly porous. Since it hits the layer 4h, the cooling effect is excellent.

  The cold air generated by the cold air generator of the present invention has a high humidity, and the cold air generator of the present invention has the function of a humidifier that increases the humidity in the room.

  Furthermore, the porous surface ceramic of the present invention can be suitably used as a light core for liquid fuel such as a general kerosene stove. Further, it can be suitably used as a wick for solid fuel such as wax.

  The conventional one made of glass fiber woven fabric has a high fire resistance, because the glass fiber deteriorates during use, so it is necessary to cut the wick with scissors after a certain period of use. A semi-permanent wick is provided. In the liquid fuel vaporization and combustion apparatus member using the lamp core of the present invention, vaporization and combustion proceed in a relatively thin porous layer on the surface of the ceramic, so that there is little generation of oil smoke and soot due to incomplete combustion. Further, since the substrate is heated with combustion, there is an effect that the vaporization of the liquid fuel in the porous layer is accelerated.

  Further, the porous surface ceramic of the present invention is formed into a cylindrical container 200 as shown in FIG. 20, the porous layer 4 is formed on the inner wall surface and the upper edge surface of the container 200, and the liquid fuel is contained in the container. When 202 is inserted and burned, a flame can be generated in a ring shape on the surface of the upper edge.

  As shown in FIG. 21, when solid fuel 206 such as wax is put into a mortar-shaped container 204 and burned, it is fantastic in a ring shape at the boundary between the inner peripheral wall surface of the container 204 and the upper surface of the solid fuel 206. Can cause a flame. In addition, this container has a ceramic texture and high-quality appearance, is easy to harmonize with the interior space, and has a high degree of freedom of decoration with glazes and sculptures. A candle made of fuel is suitably used as a candle goods rich in luxury for interior decoration. The porous layer may be formed in stripes on the container surface. In this case, a flame is generated from the portion where the porous layer is formed, and the decorative effect is further enhanced.

  An example of the aspect of the combustion apparatus using the porous surface ceramic of the present invention as a wick is shown in the sectional view of FIG. Here, in the present specification, the combustion apparatus includes a member that burns by vaporizing the liquid fuel. As shown in FIG. 22, a cylindrical body 170 having no bottom is created by a porous surface ceramic using a heat-resistant ceramic body, and a porous layer 4 indicated by a broken line is formed on the entire surface of the cylinder. When the lower end of the cylindrical body 170 is immersed in a container 172 containing kerosene 191, the kerosene rises in the direction of the arrow 320 h to the mouth edge due to a capillary phenomenon. When the rim is ignited, the fire continues to burn at the lip until no kerosene is exhausted. If a large number of holes are made in the side surface of the cylindrical body 170, a large amount of oxygen is taken into the cylinder, and the combustion efficiency is further improved.

  As shown in FIG. 22, the combustion apparatus 177 of the present embodiment includes a container 172 in which a liquid storage part 175 is formed, and a cylinder in which a hole 185 is opened in a part of the bottom wall part in the container 172. The combustion core member 170 (cylindrical body) 170 is accommodated, and the tip of the combustion core member 170 protrudes from the liquid supply port 184 of the container 172.

  The porous layer 4 is formed on a partial surface or the entire surface of the combustion core member 170.

  The liquid fuel in the liquid reservoir 175 rises in the direction of the arrow 320h through the capillary of the porous layer 4 of the combustion core member 170, and mixes with air at the tip 186 of the combustion core member 170 and burns. Thus, the combustion core member 170 functions as a lamp core.

  Further, the shape of the combustion core member 170 is not limited to a cylindrical shape. Further, if the air intake 187 is provided on the upper portion of the combustion core member 170, the combustion effect is further improved.

In addition, a combustion chamber may be provided so as to surround the front end portion 186.

  The present invention can be implemented in variously modified, modified, and modified embodiments based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art regarding the production methods such as the types of raw materials, mixing ratios, and firing conditions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. is there.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings as the case may be. The embodiment of the invention is a particularly useful embodiment in which the present invention is implemented, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

Example 1
A flower pot 20 shown in FIG. 3 was prepared as the porous surface ceramic of the present invention. First, using Shigaraki clay as a raw material, it was molded into the shape of a ceramic base 6b, dried, and baked at 800 ° C. to prepare a substrate. Next, glaze was applied to the entire surface of the substrate by a normal method, followed by baking at 1200 ° C. Ash ash was used as the glaze. Next, slurry was applied to the surface region where the porous layer 4b is to be formed of the ceramic base 6b that has been baked and fired at 1250 ° C.

  For the slurry, 100 parts by weight of ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm or less, 5 parts by weight of clay ash, and 5 parts by weight of spherical hollow resin powder (trademark EXPANCEL-551WE manufactured by EXPANCEL) with an average particle size of 50 μm were added. Further, an appropriate amount of water was added to adjust the viscosity. As the ceramic particles, pulverized coconuts were used.

  The thickness of the porous layer 4b in the obtained flower pot 20 was 1 mm. The porous layer 4b was made of ceramic particles having continuous pores in the shape of a wrinkle and bonded by sintering through a glaze.

  The soil 36 was put in the inner container 32 to plant a plant 38 (rubber tree). A small amount of water is constantly supplied to the soil 36 through the porous layer 4b, so that the proper moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and frequent replenishment of the space 39 is not required.

Example 2
A flower pot structure 80 shown in FIG. 7 was created. First, using Shigaraki clay as a raw material, it was molded into the shape of a ceramic substrate 6d, dried, and baked at 800 ° C. to prepare a substrate. Next, slurry was applied to the surface region of the ceramic base 6d where the porous layer 4d was to be formed and fired at 1250 ° C. to obtain a porous surface ceramic 4a.

  The slurry is 100 parts by weight of river sand having an average particle size of 0.2 mm, 5 parts by weight of glue (CMC), and 30 parts by weight of spherical hollow resin powder having an average particle size of 50 μm (trademark EXPANCEL-551WE manufactured by Expancel). I made more water.

  The thickness of the porous layer 4d in the obtained porous surface ceramic 4a was 1 mm.

  The soil 36 was put into the porous surface ceramic 4a to plant a plant 38 (Satsuki). Water 40 was stored in the water storage container 82. The water 40 reached the inner wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a from the outer wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a through the upper edge 100 of the porous surface ceramic 4a using the porous layer 4d as the water conduit, and was then absorbed by the soil 36.

  In the flowerpot structure 80, a small amount of water is constantly supplied to the soil 36 through the porous layer 4d, so that the appropriate moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and the water storage container 82 is frequently refilled with water. Did not need.

Example 3
A flowerpot structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that as a base material, pottery obtained by glazing and firing only on the surface region where the porous layer 4d was to be formed was used. In this flowerpot structure, a small amount of water is constantly supplied to the soil 36 through the porous layer 4d, so that the appropriate moisture of the soil 36 is maintained and the water storage container 82 is frequently replenished with water. Did not need. Further, since water does not reach the soil directly from the wall surface of the porous surface ceramic 4a, the wet state of the soil is optimally maintained for vegetation.

Example 4
A cylindrical container was prepared from a heat-resistant ceramic body, and a porous layer was formed on the inner surface and the lip of the cylinder by the method of Example 1 to obtain a container made of a porous surface ceramic. When kerosene was put into the container, the kerosene rose to the mouth edge due to capillary action. When the rim was ignited, the fire continued to burn until there was no kerosene at the lip.

Example 5
A cup-shaped container was prepared using a heat-resistant ceramic body, and a porous layer was formed on the inner surface and the lip of the container by the method of Example 1 to obtain a container made of porous surface ceramic. The outer peripheral surface of the container was decorated with a decorative pattern. Wax was put into a cylinder and warmed to melt and solidify the wax, and the candle was filled so that the upper surface of the wax was horizontal. Ignition ignited the fire, creating an annular flame at the lip of the mouth.
Example 6
A vase structure 90 shown in FIG. 7 was created. First, Shigaraki clay was used as a raw material, molded into the shape of a water storage container 92, dried, and baked at 800 ° C. to prepare a substrate. Next, glaze was applied to the entire surface of the substrate by a normal method, followed by baking at 1200 ° C. Ash ash was used as the glaze. Next, the same slurry as in Example 1 was applied to the surface region where the porous layer 4d is to be formed of the ceramic base 6a that has been baked, and baked at 1250 ° C. The thickness of the porous layer 4d in the obtained water storage container 92 was 1 mm.

  Water was put into a water storage container 92 and used as a vase. Since a small amount of water is constantly supplied to the outer surface of the water storage container 92 through the porous layer 4d and evaporates, the surface temperature is lowered. In summer, the surface temperature of the normal vase of the same shape was 28.6 ° C., whereas the surface temperature of the water storage container 92 of this vase structure 90 used under the same outside air condition was 20. It was 8 ° C.

  Due to the separation and filtration function by the porous layer on the ceramic surface, there is a possibility of use as a simple water purification device under conditions where water supply and power cannot be used.

  In addition to the use as a simple water purification device, there is a possibility of use as an aeration device for breeding aquatic organisms by continuously dropping water according to the principle of siphon.

  By making the shape of the water dropping device 133 shown in FIG. 12 into a multistage type and increasing the surface area of the porous layer on the ceramic surface, there is a possibility of use as a simple humidifier that does not require power.

  As a device that has a high mechanical strength of the substrate and facilitates the vaporization of the functional liquid by penetrating and absorbing the liquid having the functions of aroma, deodorant, etc. into the porous layer of the porous ceramic surface. There is a possibility of use.

  It can be used as a combustion device using waste oil and used cooking oil as fuel by combining the separation and filtration functions of the porous ceramic surface with the porous layer, and the function of liquid fuel vaporization and combustion device. There is sex.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the structure of the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the aspect of the plant covering of this invention. It is a perspective schematic diagram which shows the structure of the sample for demonstrating the function of the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure of the flowerpot by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is an expansion schematic diagram of the upper edge vicinity of the inner side container of the porous surface ceramic shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the structure of the flowerpot by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the structure of the flowerpot by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the water container (vase) for vases. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the other aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the vase. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the other aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the vase. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the further another aspect which applied the porous surface ceramics of this invention to the vase. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the aspect of the water container by the porous surface ceramic of this invention, and an aspect differs in FIG. 11 (a) and FIG.11 (b). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the aspect of the water container by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect which piled up the water container by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of the stall which applied the water container by the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the cold wind generator using the porous surface ceramics of this invention, FIG.15 (a) is a side view partial sectional drawing, FIG.15 (b) is a front view. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of the structure of the cold wind generator using the porous surface ceramic of this invention, Fig.16 (a) is a side view partial sectional view, FIG.16 (b) is a top view, FIG.16 ( c) is a front view of a porous surface ceramic device having a wind-cooled portion in the cold air generator. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of a structure of the cold wind generator using the porous surface ceramics of this invention, Fig.17 (a) is a front view, FIG.17 (b) is a top view. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram partly perspective drawing which shows an example of the aspect of the cold wind generator using the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram partly perspective view which shows another example of the aspect of the cold wind generator using the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the container which applied the wick with the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the structure of the candle which applied the wick with the porous surface ceramics of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of the combustion apparatus which used the porous surface ceramics of this invention as a wick.

Explanation of symbols

2, 2p, 2i, 2j, 2jj, 2k: Porous surface ceramics 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 444, 444a, 444j, 444k, 444jj: Porous layers 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e: Ceramic base 8: Ceramic particles 10: Pot 20: Flower pot 31: Bottom wall 32: Inner container (container shape part)
34: Outer container part 36: Ground 38: Plant 39: Space 40: Water 70: Flower pot 72: Bottom wall 74: Middle bottom plates 77, 77a, 142: Side wall 80: Flower pot structure 82: Water storage container 90: Vase structure 92 102: Water receiving container 95: Water container 100: Vase structure 102: Water storage container 104: Flower tree 106: Fresh water 133: Water dropping device 120: Rotating body shape water container 128: Depression 129: Water 130: Frustum Cylindrical body 131: side wall 145, 145a: liquid storage part 141: bottom surface part 143: wall part 144: pedestal wall part 150, 160, 300, 300a, 300b: cold air generator 152: container body 154: blower 155: cylinder part 156, 156a, 306, 306j, 306k: water reservoir 158: through hole 161: water basin 162: cylinder body (cylinder part)
163, 163a, 302, 302j, 302k: wind-cooled portion 164: outer peripheral wall 166, 181: peripheral wall 168: lid 169: depression 170: cylindrical body (combustion core member)
172: Container 173: Lower edge 177: Combustion device 175: Liquid storage unit 184: Liquid supply port 185: Hole 204: Container 206: Solid fuel 207, 209, 304, 304j, 304k: Water conduit sections 217, 217a: Instrument

Claims (10)

Ceramics der porous layer is formed with at least a portion the water guide of the surface of the ceramic substrate made by sintering a moldable material consisting mainly of clay is, the porous layer has an average particle size of 0.1 ~ 1mm ceramic particles are combined in a wrinkle shape by sintering to have continuous pores,
The water-conducting material is a rod-shaped sample (diameter: 10 mm, length of short part: a short part and a long part) obtained by baking clay and providing the porous layer having a thickness of 1 mm on the entire surface. 50 mm, length of the long part: 100 mm, angle of bending: 120 degrees), the angle of the long part with respect to the horizontal is 40 degrees, the bent part protrudes upwards, soaked in distilled water, Is defined by a drop amount of 1 drop / 6 seconds or more when the short part rises obliquely upward by capillary action, the long part falls obliquely downward, and drops from the lower end of the long part. Porous surface ceramics. The porous surface ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the porous layer is obtained by firing a layer of a firing precursor containing ceramic particles, a glaze, and burnable particles. A container-shaped portion for storing liquid;
One part of the porous layer is arranged at a position where it does not come into contact with the liquid stored in the container-shaped part, and the other part of the porous layer is continuous with the one part of the porous layer The porous surface ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic is disposed at a position where it can contact the liquid stored in the container-shaped portion . And a side wall the container-shaped portion is erected from the bottom wall and the bottom wall peripheral portion, the surface of the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall, and said porous layer on the upper edge surface of the side walls connected to each said inner exterior surface The porous surface ceramic according to claim 3 , wherein: An outer container part having a peripheral side wall, the outer container part sharing the bottom wall with the container-shaped part, the peripheral side wall surrounding the side wall and standing from the periphery of the bottom wall; The porous surface ceramic according to claim 4 , wherein a space is formed between the side walls. 5. The porous structure according to claim 4 , further comprising a folded portion that is folded outwardly and extended downward at at least a part of an upper edge portion of the side wall, and the porous layer is formed on an upper surface of the folded portion. Surface ceramic. A wick made of the porous surface ceramic according to claim 3 . A wind-cooled section, a water reservoir, a water conduit section that guides water stored in the water reservoir to the wind-cooled section, and a blower that sends wind toward the wind-cooled section. A cold air generator comprising the porous surface ceramic according to claim 3,
The wind-cooled portion includes at least a part of one portion of the porous layer;
The water reservoir comprises the container-shaped part;
The water conduit portion includes the porous layer between the porous layer in the wind-cooled portion and the porous layer in contact with the liquid stored in the container-shaped portion. Cold air generator. A wind-cooled section, a water reservoir, a water conduit section that guides water stored in the water reservoir to the wind-cooled section, and a blower that sends wind toward the wind-cooled section. A cold air generator comprising:
The porous surface ceramic according to claim 3, comprising the water storage part and a cylindrical part located below the water storage part,
The water reservoir comprises the container-shaped part;
A through hole is formed in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion, and the porous layer is formed on the surface of the cylindrical portion near the through hole and on the surface of the upper edge portion of the cylindrical portion. In the vicinity of the through-hole, the air-cooled portion is formed, and the porous layer formed on the upper edge of the cylindrical portion and the porous layer formed on the outer surface of the water storage portion are connected to each other to form the water conduit. The cold air generator according to claim 8 , wherein a portion is formed and the blower is built in the cylindrical portion. A wind-cooled section, a water reservoir, a water conduit section that guides water stored in the water reservoir to the wind-cooled section, and a blower that sends wind toward the wind-cooled section. A cold air generator comprising:
A porous surface ceramic having a cylindrical portion, and the porous surface ceramic according to claim 3 placed on the porous surface ceramic having the cylindrical portion,
The water reservoir comprises the container-shaped part;
Porous surface ceramics having the cylindrical portion is
Another porous layer is formed on at least a part of the surface of the non-water-permeable ceramic base, and the other porous layer is formed into a wrinkle-like shape by sintering ceramic particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm. Combined to have continuous pores and water conductivity,
A through hole is formed in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical portion, and the porous layer is formed on the surface of the cylindrical portion near the through hole and on the surface of the upper edge portion of the cylindrical portion. In the vicinity of the through-hole, the air-cooled part is in contact with the porous layer formed on the upper edge of the cylindrical part and the porous layer formed on the lower edge of the outer surface of the water reservoir. A cold air generator in which the water conduit portion is formed and the blower is built in the tube portion.

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