JP4979162B2 - Bi free cutting steel - Google Patents
Bi free cutting steel Download PDFInfo
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- JP4979162B2 JP4979162B2 JP2001200475A JP2001200475A JP4979162B2 JP 4979162 B2 JP4979162 B2 JP 4979162B2 JP 2001200475 A JP2001200475 A JP 2001200475A JP 2001200475 A JP2001200475 A JP 2001200475A JP 4979162 B2 JP4979162 B2 JP 4979162B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、環境に優しく被削性に優れたPbレスのBi快削鋼に関するものである。特にBiの溶解度が低い鋼において、BiとともにCu,Sn等を溶鋼へ添加することにより、BiとCu,Sn等の低融点合金の金属介在物を鋼中に多く導入することができ、少量のBi量で被削性を大幅に向上させるものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、高快削性を要求される分野においては、Pb快削鋼が広く使用されてきた。例えば、近年、Mnを低減し、MnSの比率を下げて耐食性を上げると同時に、Pb,Te,Se等の快削元素を添加した高機能快削ステンレス鋼が提案・実用化されいる(例えば、特開平10−237603号公報)。しかしながら、これらPb等の毒性の強い快削元素は、近年の環境問題から、規制される動きが強くなっており、製造ができなくなりつつある。
【0003】
一方、Pbと同じような特性を示すBiは希少元素であるが、毒性が低く、また、耐腐食性も高い。そのため、Bi含有鋼は、環境調和型の高機能快削鋼として有望視されている(例えば、特公平5−45661号公報)。しなかながら、Biは溶鋼に難溶解であり、蒸気圧も高い。ステンレス溶鋼に対しては特に難溶解を示す。そのため、被削性を実現するために必要なBiを添加すると、Biの難溶性に起因して熱間加工性が劣化するという問題が発生していた。
そのため、従来、環境に優しいBi快削鋼は、世の中であまり使用されていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記のようなBi含有鋼の従来の欠点を解消するためになされたものであって、Cu,Sn等をBiとともに溶鋼へ添加することにより被削性の向上を図り、これによって難溶解のBiの添加を抑え、少量のBi量で低融点のBi系金属介在物を鋼中に多く導入することを考案し、Pbレスの環境に優しいBi含有鋼(特にステンレス鋼)を安価に提供することを目的としたものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明者らは、溶鋼に難溶解を示すBiに対して、FeとBiの両方に親和性が強いCu,Sn等をBiとともに溶鋼へ添加することで被削性の向上が可能であり、これによって熱間加工性などの製造性を劣化させる難溶解のBi量の添加を極力抑えて、低融点のBi系金属介在物を鋼中に多く導入し、Bi快削鋼の被削性を大幅に向上できることを見出し、本発明をなしたのである。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明の要旨とするところは以下の通りである。
(1)質量%でCr:11.0〜25.0%を必須元素として含有するステンレス鋼において、Bi:0.01〜0.15%を含有し、且つ、Cu:0.3〜3.0%,Sn:0.03〜0.3%,Ag:0.01〜0.2%,Mg:0.005〜0.05%のうち1種以上を含有し、鋼中のBi介在物にCu,Sn,Ag,Mgのうち1種以上の元素が、質量%合計で平均20%以上含まれるBi快削ステンレス鋼である。
(2)前記(1)記載のBi快削ステンレス鋼がフェライト系ステンレス鋼またはマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、請求項1記載の本発明の限定理由について述べる。
製造性を劣化させるBiの添加を最小限に抑えて、低融点の金属介在物を鋼中に多く導入させることが被削性向上と製造性向上に有効である。種々検討した結果、Cu,Sn,Ag,MgがBiと相互作用が強く、溶鋼へBiとともに添加した場合に、一部がBiと合金化して鋼中で低融点の金属介在物を形成することがわかった。このとき、Biが存在せずにCu,Sn,Ag,Mgだけでは鋼中で低融点の金属介在物を形成せず、Biが共存するときにのみ低融点の金属介在物を形成する。これにより、従来に比較してBiの添加量を少なくしても良好な被削性を実現することが可能になり、結果としてBi快削鋼の熱間加工性を向上させることができる。
【0008】
また、前記のBi介在物において、Cu,Sn,Ag,Mgのうち1種以上の元素をあわせて、質量%で平均20%以上含有させると、さらに被削性向上と製造性向上の効果が大きくなる。好ましくは30%以上である。
【0009】
次に、請求項1、2記載の本発明の限定理由について述べる。
Crを含有するステンレス鋼では特に、Biが難溶解を示し、前記課題が大きくなる。そのため、Cr:11.0〜25.0%を必須元素として含有するステンレス鋼では、本発明の効果が特に大きくなる。尚、NiはBiの溶解度を上げる作用があることから、ステンレス鋼の中でもNiを殆ど含有しないフェライト系ステンレス鋼やマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼で、本発明の効果が特に大きくなる。好ましくは12%〜20%である。
【0010】
ここで、Biは鋼中で低融点のBi介在物を形成し、鋼に快削性を付与するため、0.01%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.15%を超えて添加すると製造性が著しく劣化する。そのため、0.01%〜0.15%に限定した。好ましくは0.05%〜0.13%である。本発明は、Cu,Sn,Ag,Mgのうち1種以上をBiとともに添加するので、Bi含有量が0.15%以下であっても良好な被削性を実現することができ、その結果良好な熱間加工性を維持することができる。
【0011】
Cuは、Biと低融点の金属介在物を鋼中に形成させて被削性を向上させるとともにBi添加量を抑制できるため、0.3%以上添加する。しかしながら、3.5%を超えて添加すると熱間製造性が劣化する。そのため、上限を3.0%に限定した。好ましくは、0.5%〜2.0%である。
【0012】
Snは、Cuと同じような効果で、Biと低融点の金属介在物を鋼中に形成させて被削性を向上させるとともにBi添加量を抑制できるため、0.03%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.3%を超えて添加すると熱間製造性が劣化する。そのため、上限を0.3%に限定した。好ましくは0.05%〜0.2%である。
【0013】
Agは、Cuと同じような効果で、Biと低融点の金属介在物を鋼中に形成させて被削性を向上させるとともにBi添加量を抑制できるため、0.01%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.2%を超えて添加すると製造性が劣化する。そのため、上限を0.2%に限定した。好ましくは0.05〜0.15%である。
【0014】
Mgは、Cuと同じような効果で、Biと低融点の金属介在物を鋼中に形成させて被削性を向上させるとともにBi添加量を抑制できるため、0.005%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.05%を超えて添加すると硬質な粗大非金属介在物が形成して切削性が劣化する。そのため、上限を0.05%に限定する。
【0015】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学成分の供試鋼を100kg真空溶解し、溶鋼温度が1600〜1650℃で、表2に組成を示すような粒状のBi合金(φ約10mm前後)を溶鋼上方から添加して、3分後に上方から約300gの溶鋼をサンプリングした。その後、残りを鋳型に鋳造した。溶解後、300gサンプリング材のチェック分析を行い、製品の化学成分とした。
【0016】
鋳造後、これらの鋼塊を熱間加工し、φ21mmの棒鋼にした。その後、焼鈍・酸洗を行い、冷間引き抜き加工およびセンタレス加工により、20mmφの摩棒に仕上げた。
【0017】
評価として、Bi介在物の組成と切削性,熱間製造性を評価した。Bi介在物の組成について、摩棒の縦断面を鏡面研磨し、EPMAのMAP分析によりBi介在物の位置を調査して、その後、10箇所の点分析の平均によりBi介在物の組成を調査した。なお、MAP分析の測定条件については、加速電圧;15kV,照射電流;2.41×10-9A,ビーム径;1μm,照射時間;10msとした。また、点分析の測定条件については、加速電圧;15kV,照射電流;1×10-8A,ビーム径;1μm,照射時間;20s(バックグランド補正時間内10s)とした。
【0018】
切削性は、この摩棒を表3に示す条件で切削試験を行い、被削性を評価した。なお、被削性の評価は工具寿命と切屑形状で行った。工具寿命はフランク摩耗量で評価し、30min後のフランク摩耗量を評価した。また、切屑形状は規則的にカール状に分断されていれば○,不規則な形の連続切屑の場合は×とした。
【0019】
熱間製造性は、上記鋳片の表層から試験片(φ8mm×110mm)を切り出し、熱間引張試験によって熱間加工性を評価した。評価は1000℃における破断絞り値で行った。
【0020】
まず、鋼中のBi介在物にCu,Sn,Ag,Mgのうち1種以上の元素を含有している本発明の効果について述べる。表4に製品の化学成分を質量%で示し、また、その特性評価結果を表5に示す。表4中の「*」は、成分値が本発明範囲外であることを示す。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
【表2】
【0023】
【表3】
【0024】
【表4】
【0025】
【表5】
【0026】
参考例No.1と比較例No.11は0.6%C-0.05%Biの炭素鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。Bi添加量が同じにも関わらず、参考例No.1ではBi介在物が合金化しているため、比較例No.11に比べ切削性に優れる。
【0027】
参考例No.2と比較例No.12は0.1%C-0.3%Sの炭素鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。参考例No.2はBi介在物が合金化しているため、比較例No.12に比べBi量が少ないが、同等の切削性を示す。一方、Bi量が多く添加させている比較例No.12は熱間製造性に劣る。
以上、炭素鋼において本発明の優位性は明らかである。
【0028】
本発明例No.3と比較例No.13はオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。本発明例No.3はBi介在物が合金化しているため、比較例No.13に比べBi量が少ないが、同等の切削性を示す。一方、Bi量が多く添加させている比較例No.13は熱間製造性に劣る。
【0029】
本発明例No.4〜8と比較例No.14〜19は19%Crのフェライト系ステンレス鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。本発明例No.4〜8はBi介在物が合金化しているため工具寿命も100μm以下であり、切屑処理性も良好である。
【0030】
一方、Bi添加量が本発明例No.4と同じ比較例No.14は、Bi介在物が合金化しておらず、工具寿命および切屑処理性に劣る。
【0031】
また、比較例No.15〜18はBi,Cu,Sn,Ag添加量がそれぞれ多いため、切削性は本発明例No.4〜8並に優れるものの熱間製造性が著しく劣化している。また、比較例No.19はMg添加量が多いため、切削性(工具寿命)に劣っている。
【0032】
本発明例No.9と比較例No.20は19%Cr-0.3%Sのフェライト系ステンレス鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。本発明例No.9はBi介在物が合金化しているため、比較例No.20に比べBi量が少ないが、同等の切削性を示す。一方、Bi量が多く添加させている比較例No.20は熱間製造性に劣る。
【0033】
本発明例No.10と比較例No.21はマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。Bi添加量が同じにも関わらず、本発明例No.10ではBi介在物が合金化しているため、比較例No.20に比べ切削性に優れる。
【0034】
以上、ステンレス鋼においても本発明の効果は明らかである。但し、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼では、基本の熱間製造性が劣るため本発明の効果が小さい。
【0035】
次に、鋼中のBi介在物にCu,Sn,Ag,Mgの1種以上の元素が、質量%で平均20%以上含有することの請求項2の発明効果について述べる。表6に製品の化学成分を質量%で示し、また、その特性評価結果を表7に示す。
【0036】
【表6】
【0037】
【表7】
【0038】
本発明例No.22〜25と比較例No.26〜28は19%Crのフェライト系ステンレス鋼を基本成分として本発明の効果を確認したものである。Bi介在物中のCu,Sn,Ag,Mgの1種以上の元素濃度が低くなる程、すなわち、Bi濃度が高くなる程、切削性が劣化している。Bi介在物中のBi濃度が80%以上を示す比較例No.26〜28では切削性が劣化している。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、溶鋼に難溶解を示すBiに対して、FeとBiの両方に親和性が強いCu,Sn等とともに溶鋼へ添加することで、製造性を劣化させる難溶解のBi量の添加を抑えて、低融点のBi系金属介在物を鋼中に多く導入でき、Bi含有鋼の被削性を大幅に向上できるものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a Pb-less Bi free-cutting steel that is environmentally friendly and excellent in machinability. In particular, in steels with low Bi solubility, by adding Cu, Sn and the like together with Bi to the molten steel, a large amount of metal inclusions of low melting point alloys such as Bi and Cu, Sn can be introduced into the steel. The machinability is greatly improved by the amount of Bi.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, Pb free-cutting steel has been widely used in fields where high free-cutting properties are required. For example, in recent years, highly functional free-cutting stainless steel to which free-cutting elements such as Pb, Te, Se and the like are added at the same time as reducing Mn and lowering the ratio of MnS to increase corrosion resistance has been proposed and put into practical use (for example, JP-A-10-237603). However, these highly toxic free-cutting elements such as Pb are becoming increasingly regulated due to environmental problems in recent years, and cannot be manufactured.
[0003]
On the other hand, Bi, which exhibits the same characteristics as Pb, is a rare element, but has low toxicity and high corrosion resistance. Therefore, Bi-containing steel is regarded as promising as an environment-friendly high-performance free-cutting steel (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-45661). However, Bi is hardly soluble in molten steel and has a high vapor pressure. Particularly difficult to dissolve in stainless steel. Therefore, when Bi necessary for realizing machinability is added, there has been a problem that hot workability deteriorates due to the poor solubility of Bi.
Therefore, conventionally, environmentally friendly Bi free-cutting steel has not been used much in the world.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the conventional defects of the Bi-containing steel as described above. By adding Cu, Sn, etc. to the molten steel together with Bi, the machinability is improved. Suppressing the addition of difficult-to-dissolve Bi, devised to introduce a large amount of Bi-based metal inclusions with a low amount of Bi and low melting point into the steel, making Pb-less environment-friendly Bi-containing steel (especially stainless steel) inexpensive It is intended to be provided to.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors added Cu, Sn, etc., which has a strong affinity for both Fe and Bi, together with Bi to Bi, which is hardly soluble in molten steel, to cut the molten steel. The amount of Bi-based metal inclusions having a low melting point is introduced into the steel while suppressing the addition of the hardly soluble Bi amount that deteriorates the productivity such as hot workability as much as possible. The present inventors have found that the machinability of free-cutting steel can be significantly improved.
[0006]
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1 ) In stainless steel containing Cr: 11.0-25.0% as an essential element by mass%, Bi: 0.01-0.15% is contained, and Cu: 0.3-3. 1% or more of 0%, Sn: 0.03-0.3%, Ag: 0.01-0.2%, Mg: 0.005-0.05%, Bi inclusions in steel Bi free-cutting stainless steel in which one or more elements of Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg are contained in an average of 20% or more in total by mass%.
( 2 ) The Bi free-cutting stainless steel described in ( 1 ) is ferritic stainless steel or martensitic stainless steel.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reason for limitation of the present invention described in claim 1 will be described below.
It is effective to improve machinability and productivity by introducing a large amount of metal inclusions having a low melting point into steel while minimizing the addition of Bi, which deteriorates the productivity. As a result of various studies, Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg have a strong interaction with Bi, and when added together with Bi to molten steel, a part of it is alloyed with Bi to form a low melting point metal inclusion in the steel. I understood. At this time, Cu, Sn, Ag, Mg alone without Bi does not form low melting point metal inclusions in the steel, and low melting point metal inclusions are formed only when Bi coexists. This makes it possible to achieve good machinability even if the amount of Bi added is smaller than in the past, and as a result, the hot workability of Bi free-cutting steel can be improved.
[0008]
Further, in the Bi inclusions, when one or more elements of Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg are combined and contained in an average of 20% or more by mass%, the effect of improving machinability and productivity is further improved. growing. Preferably it is 30% or more.
[0009]
Next, the reasons for limiting the present invention described in claims 1 and 2 will be described.
Particularly in the case of stainless steel containing Cr, Bi exhibits poor dissolution, and the above problem becomes large. Therefore, the effect of the present invention is particularly great in stainless steel containing Cr: 11.0 to 25.0% as an essential element. In addition, since Ni has the effect | action which raises the solubility of Bi, the effect of this invention becomes large especially with the ferritic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel which hardly contain Ni among stainless steel. Preferably, it is 12% to 20%.
[0010]
Here, Bi is added in an amount of 0.01% or more in order to form Bi inclusions having a low melting point in the steel and to give free cutting property to the steel. However, if it exceeds 0.15%, the productivity is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, it was limited to 0.01% to 0.15%. Preferably, it is 0.05% to 0.13%. In the present invention, since one or more of Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg are added together with Bi, good machinability can be realized even if the Bi content is 0.15% or less. Good hot workability can be maintained.
[0011]
Cu forms Bi and low-melting-point metal inclusions in steel to improve machinability and suppress the amount of Bi added, so 0.3% or more is added. However, when it exceeds 3.5%, hot productivity deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 3.0%. Preferably, it is 0.5% to 2.0%.
[0012]
Sn is added in an amount of 0.03% or more because it has the same effect as Cu and can form Bi and low-melting metal inclusions in steel to improve machinability and suppress the amount of Bi added. However, hot addition deteriorates when it exceeds 0.3%. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 0.3%. Preferably, it is 0.05% to 0.2%.
[0013]
Ag is added in an amount of 0.01% or more because it has the same effect as Cu and can form Bi and low-melting metal inclusions in steel to improve machinability and suppress the amount of Bi added. However, if it exceeds 0.2%, the productivity deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 0.2%. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.15%.
[0014]
Mg is added in an amount of 0.005% or more because Bi and low-melting metal inclusions are formed in steel to improve machinability and suppress the amount of Bi added. However, if added over 0.05%, hard coarse non-metallic inclusions are formed and the machinability deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 0.05%.
[0015]
【Example】
100 kg of the test steel with chemical components shown in Table 1 was vacuum-melted, and the molten steel temperature was 1600 to 1650 ° C., and a granular Bi alloy (φ about 10 mm) having the composition shown in Table 2 was added from above the molten steel. After about 3 minutes, about 300 g of molten steel was sampled from above. Thereafter, the remainder was cast into a mold. After dissolution, a 300 g sampling material was checked and analyzed as a chemical component of the product.
[0016]
After casting, these steel ingots were hot-worked into φ21 mm steel bars. Thereafter, annealing and pickling were performed, and a 20 mmφ wand was finished by cold drawing and centerless processing.
[0017]
As an evaluation, the composition of Bi inclusions, machinability and hot manufacturability were evaluated. Regarding the composition of Bi inclusions, the longitudinal section of the wand was mirror-polished, the position of Bi inclusions was investigated by MAP analysis of EPMA, and then the composition of Bi inclusions was investigated by averaging of 10 point analysis. . The measurement conditions for MAP analysis were acceleration voltage: 15 kV, irradiation current: 2.41 × 10 −9 A, beam diameter: 1 μm, irradiation time: 10 ms. The measurement conditions for the point analysis were acceleration voltage: 15 kV, irradiation current: 1 × 10 −8 A, beam diameter: 1 μm, irradiation time: 20 s (within 10 seconds of background correction time).
[0018]
As for machinability, a cutting test was performed on the rods under the conditions shown in Table 3 to evaluate machinability. The machinability was evaluated based on the tool life and the chip shape. Tool life was evaluated by the amount of flank wear, and the amount of flank wear after 30 min was evaluated. In addition, the chip shape was marked as “◯” if it was regularly divided into a curled shape, and “X” when the chip was irregularly shaped.
[0019]
For the hot manufacturability, a test piece (φ8 mm × 110 mm) was cut out from the surface layer of the cast slab, and the hot workability was evaluated by a hot tensile test. The evaluation was performed at a breaking drawing value at 1000 ° C.
[0020]
First, the effect of the present invention in which Bi inclusions in steel contain one or more elements of Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg will be described. Table 4 shows the chemical components of the product in mass%, and Table 5 shows the results of the characteristic evaluation. “*” In Table 4 indicates that the component value is outside the scope of the present invention.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
[Table 2]
[0023]
[Table 3]
[0024]
[Table 4]
[0025]
[Table 5]
[0026]
Reference Example No. 1 and Comparative Example No. 11 confirm the effects of the present invention using 0.6% C-0.05% Bi carbon steel as a basic component. Despite the same amount of Bi added, Bi inclusions are alloyed in Reference Example No. 1, and therefore, machinability is superior to Comparative Example No. 11.
[0027]
Reference Example No. 2 and Comparative Example No. 12 confirm the effects of the present invention using 0.1% C-0.3% S carbon steel as a basic component. In Reference Example No. 2, since Bi inclusions are alloyed, the amount of Bi is smaller than that of Comparative Example No. 12, but shows the same machinability. On the other hand, Comparative Example No. 12, in which a large amount of Bi is added, is inferior in hot productivity.
As described above, the superiority of the present invention in the carbon steel is clear.
[0028]
Invention Example No. 3 and Comparative Example No. 13 confirm the effects of the present invention using austenitic stainless steel as a basic component. Invention Example No. 3 shows an equivalent machinability although Bi content is smaller than Comparative Example No. 13 because Bi inclusions are alloyed. On the other hand, Comparative Example No. 13 added with a large amount of Bi is inferior in hot productivity.
[0029]
Invention Examples Nos. 4 to 8 and Comparative Examples No. 14 to 19 confirm the effects of the present invention using 19% Cr ferritic stainless steel as a basic component. In Invention Examples Nos. 4 to 8, since Bi inclusions are alloyed, the tool life is 100 μm or less and the chip disposal is good.
[0030]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example No. 14, in which the Bi addition amount is the same as Example No. 4 of the present invention, Bi inclusions are not alloyed, and the tool life and chip disposal are poor.
[0031]
Further, Comparative Examples Nos. 15 to 18 have large amounts of Bi, Cu, Sn, and Ag, respectively. Therefore, although the machinability is superior to that of Examples Nos. 4 to 8 of the present invention, the hot productivity is remarkably deteriorated. Further, Comparative Example No. 19 is inferior in machinability (tool life) because of the large amount of Mg added.
[0032]
Invention Example No. 9 and Comparative Example No. 20 confirm the effects of the present invention using 19% Cr-0.3% S ferritic stainless steel as a basic component. Invention Example No. 9 is alloyed with Bi inclusions, so the Bi amount is smaller than Comparative Example No. 20, but shows the same machinability. On the other hand, Comparative Example No. 20 added with a large amount of Bi is inferior in hot productivity.
[0033]
Invention Example No. 10 and Comparative Example No. 21 confirm the effects of the present invention using martensitic stainless steel as a basic component. Despite the same amount of Bi added, Bi inclusions are alloyed in Example No. 10 of the present invention, so that the machinability is superior to that of Comparative Example No. 20.
[0034]
As described above, the effect of the present invention is obvious even in stainless steel. However, since austenitic stainless steel has poor basic hot productivity, the effect of the present invention is small.
[0035]
Next, the effect of the invention of claim 2 in which one or more elements of Cu, Sn, Ag, Mg are contained in Bi inclusions in steel in an average of 20% or more by mass% will be described. Table 6 shows the chemical composition of the product in mass%, and Table 7 shows the results of the characteristic evaluation.
[0036]
[Table 6]
[0037]
[Table 7]
[0038]
Invention Examples Nos. 22 to 25 and Comparative Examples Nos. 26 to 28 confirm the effects of the present invention using 19% Cr ferritic stainless steel as a basic component. As the concentration of one or more elements of Cu, Sn, Ag, and Mg in the Bi inclusion decreases, that is, as the Bi concentration increases, the machinability deteriorates. In Comparative Examples Nos. 26 to 28 in which the Bi concentration in the Bi inclusions is 80% or more, the machinability is deteriorated.
[0039]
【Effect of the invention】
The present invention adds Bi, which is difficult to dissolve in molten steel, to the molten steel by adding Cu, Sn, etc., which have strong affinity for both Fe and Bi, to the molten steel, thereby degrading manufacturability. Therefore, a large amount of Bi-based metal inclusions having a low melting point can be introduced into the steel, and the machinability of the Bi-containing steel can be greatly improved.
Claims (2)
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| JPH076036B2 (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1995-01-25 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Free cutting steel |
| JPS62278252A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-12-03 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic stainless free-cutting steel |
| JPS63250440A (en) * | 1987-04-08 | 1988-10-18 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | steel for cutlery |
| JP2521479B2 (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1996-08-07 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | Martensite free-cutting stainless steel for cold forging |
| JPH03180449A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-08-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel excellent in cold workability, toughness, corrosion resistance, and machinability and its production |
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