JP5019041B2 - Welding method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding method, and more specifically, irradiates a welded portion of a base material with a high energy beam, melts the filler material with the high energy beam, and supplies the molten material to the welded portion. Are welded to each other, and the repaired portion of the member is irradiated with a high energy beam, and the filler material is melted by the high energy beam and supplied to the repaired portion, and overlay welding is performed on the repaired portion. It is about the method.

  For example, when thin steel plates are joined together, it has been conventionally practiced to weld the base materials to each other by irradiating the welded portions of the base materials with a laser beam as a high energy beam. Laser welding concentrates and irradiates laser energy in a very small spot diameter range and melts and joins only the base material around it, so that the amount of weld metal is small, as shown in FIG. In addition, when a gap G is generated between the base materials M1 and M2 due to deformation of the base materials M1 and M2, an underfill is generated. In addition, even when there is no gap between the base materials, by irradiating the laser beam, the melted metal from the keyholes generated in the base material may evaporate and defects such as underfill may occur. is there.

  Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of these defects, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like, a laser beam is irradiated to the welding site and a filler wire (melting material) is supplied to the laser beam irradiation position. It is known that the filler metal is melted and supplied to the welding site to weld the base materials to each other.

  Patent Document 1 aims at preventing filler wire unmelted and weld metal shortage due to fluctuations in the feed position of the filler wire relative to the welding point during laser welding using the filler wire ( In a laser welding method, a laser welding method with excellent weld strength is disclosed, wherein the filler wire is fed to a welding point while the filler wire is swung across the laser optical axis. ing. Patent Document 1 states that “the filler wire is prevented from unmelting due to fluctuations in the feeding position of the filler wire relative to the welding point by swinging the filler wire in a direction substantially perpendicular to the laser optical axis, It has been found that the occurrence of weld defects caused by it can be suppressed, and the present invention has been completed. " Further, in Patent Document 1, in the embodiment, the condensing diameter of the laser beam is reduced to about 0.5 to 1 mm in the vicinity of the welding point (0020), and the filler wire diameter is 0.1. It is described that it is 8 to 1.2 mm (0036).

  In addition, when repairing a repaired part generated in a member such as a crack or a recess generated in a thin steel plate, the laser beam is irradiated to the repaired part of the member as a high energy beam, and the filler material is applied by the high energy beam. Conventionally, overlay welding is also performed on the repair site by melting and supplying the repair site.

JP 2004-330299 A

  However, in the conventional technique for supplying the filler wire, it is necessary to accurately match the filler wire having a small diameter with the position of the laser beam irradiated with being narrowed down. And in the said patent document 1, it is going to rock | fluctuate a filler wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm to a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the laser beam restrict | squeezed to about 0.5-1 mm. In this case, it is difficult to accurately control the amplitude, and when the filler wire fluctuates so much as to be out of the irradiation diameter of the laser beam, there is a problem that unmelted or insufficient weld metal still occurs. . Furthermore, in the conventional technique in which laser welding is performed while continuously supplying filler wire to a welding site as in Patent Document 1 described above, the filler wire supply speed and the swing function by the filler wire feeding device are synchronized. There is a problem that control is further required, control is further complicated, and an advanced arithmetic processing function for such complicated control is required.

  Further, in the conventional technique in which laser welding is performed while irradiating a laser beam to a welding part and supplying a filler wire continuously to the same part as in Patent Document 1, the filler wire feeding having a swing function is performed. It is necessary to mount the device on a laser welding torch. For this reason, the weight mounted on the laser welding torch increases, so that the moving speed of the laser welding torch cannot be increased and the productivity cannot be improved, and the laser welding torch is held movably. There was a problem that the cost of the equipment increased due to the increase in size of the robot.

  Furthermore, in the conventional technique in which laser welding is performed while continuously supplying filler wire to a welding site as in Patent Document 1, the solidified portion that has been solidified after being melted once by irradiation with a laser beam at the end of welding. The filler wire may stick. Then, when the welding torch returns to the work origin to perform the next welding cycle, the filler wire is torn and bent from the solidified portion, and the filler wire can be matched with the laser beam irradiation position in the next welding cycle. There was also a problem that the laser beam was not irradiated with the filler wire and thus was not melted and supplied to the welding site.

  These problems were also the same when overlay welding was performed on the repaired part of the member by irradiating a laser beam.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. With a simple configuration, the filler metal is reliably irradiated with a laser beam to be melted and supplied to a welding site to appropriately weld the base materials to each other. It is another object of the present invention to provide a welding method capable of performing overlay welding on a repair site of a member.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 irradiates a welding part of a base material with a high energy beam, and melts the filler material by the high energy beam and supplies it to the welding part. In this method, the base materials are welded to each other, a plate-like filler material is arranged above the welded portion with a predetermined interval, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam. the Rukoto cause droplet dripping let burn through the filler metal, melted welding portion of the base material by irradiating a high energy beam to the welding site through melted fallen portion of the plate-like filler The welded portion is welded while filling the welded portion with droplets of the filler metal .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 2 irradiates a repair site of a member with a high energy beam and melts the filler material by the high energy beam and supplies the melted material to the repair site. In this method, build-up welding is performed on the repair site, a plate-like filler material is disposed on the repair site with a predetermined interval, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam. the Rukoto cause droplet dripping let burn through the filler material to the repaired portion of the member by irradiating a high energy beam to the repair site through melted fallen portion of the plate-like filler It melts and fills the repair part with droplets of a filler metal, and build-up welding is performed.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plate-like filler material is disposed above the welded portion with a predetermined interval, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam to provide the filler material. by causing droplet dripping let burn through Rukoto, by irradiating a high energy beam to the welding site via the filler material through the plate-like melted fallen portion, to melt the welded part of the base material, With a simple configuration in which the welded part is welded while filling the welded part with molten metal droplets , the high-energy beam is surely irradiated to the melted material to melt the welded part appropriately. Therefore, even when the base materials are separated from each other, the base materials can be reliably welded to each other without lacking in strength.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2, a plate-like filler material is arrange | positioned on a repair site | part of a member, ensuring a predetermined space | interval, and a high energy beam is irradiated to this plate-like filler material, and a filler material Melt away
The Rukoto cause dripping droplet, by irradiating a high energy beam to the repair site through melted fallen portion of the plate-like filler material to melt the repaired portion of the member, the filler to the repair site With a simple configuration that fills the material with molten droplets and builds up and welds, the high-energy beam is reliably irradiated to the filler material and melted, and then supplied to the repair site properly. Can be welded.

(Aspect of the Invention)
In the following, the invention that is claimed to be claimable in the present application (hereinafter referred to as “claimable invention”. The claimable invention is at least the “present invention” to the invention described in the claims. Some aspects of the present invention, including subordinate concept inventions of the present invention, superordinate concepts of the present invention, or inventions of different concepts) will be illustrated and described. As with the claims, each aspect is divided into sections, each section is numbered, and is described in a form that cites the numbers of other sections as necessary. This is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the claimable invention, and is not intended to limit the combinations of the constituent elements constituting the claimable invention to those described in the following sections. In other words, the claimable invention should be construed in consideration of the description accompanying each section, the description of the embodiments, etc., and as long as the interpretation is followed, another aspect is added to the form of each section. In addition, an aspect in which constituent elements are deleted from the aspect of each item can be an aspect of the claimable invention. In each of the following items, item (1) corresponds to claim 1, and item (3) corresponds to claim 2.

(1) A method of welding the base materials to each other by irradiating a welded portion of the base material with a high energy beam and melting the filler material by the high energy beam and supplying the melted material to the welded portion.
A plate-like filler material is arranged at a predetermined interval above the welded portion, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam to melt the filler material, thereby removing the plate-like filler material. A welding method characterized by irradiating a welding site with a high energy beam through a filler material to weld the welding site and filling the melted material melted down into the welding site.

  In the invention described in the item (1), a plate-like filler material having a predetermined area is arranged in a state where a predetermined interval is secured above the welding portion, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam. To do. The high energy beam is reliably irradiated to a plate-shaped filler metal having a predetermined area, melted and melted, and then melted down and transmitted through the plate-shaped filler metal, and irradiated to the welded portion. The materials are welded together. At this time, the plate-like filler material melts and is reliably supplied to the welding site. Therefore, even when a gap is generated between the base materials, the filler material is supplied by being melted down and can be appropriately welded without causing an underfill.

  (2) The welding method according to (1), wherein an end material of a base material is used as the plate-like filler material.

  In the invention described in the item (2), in the invention described in the item (1), by using the end material generated from the base material when the base material is press-molded as the plate-like filler material, Since the base material and the filler material are surely the same material, the base material is surely welded because it is appropriately mixed.

(3) A method of radiating a high energy beam to a repair site of a member, and overlay welding to the repair site by melting the filler material by the high energy beam and supplying it to the repair site,
Placing a plate-like filler material at a predetermined interval on the repair site, irradiating the plate-like filler material with a high energy beam to melt the filler material, A welding method characterized by irradiating the repair site with a high energy beam through a filler material, filling the melted material melted into the repair site, and overlay welding.

  In the invention described in the item (3), a plate-shaped filler material having a predetermined area is arranged in a state where a predetermined interval is secured above the repair site, and the plate-shaped filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam. To do. The high-energy beam is reliably irradiated to the plate-shaped filler material having a predetermined area, melts and melts it, passes through the plate-shaped filler material, and irradiates the repair site by irradiating the repair site. While being melted, the plate-like filler material melts and is reliably supplied to the repair site. Therefore, it is possible to reliably build up the repaired part.

  (4) The welding method according to (3), wherein an end material of a member is used as the plate-like filler material.

  In the invention described in the item (4), in the invention described in the item (3), waste is generated by using the end material generated when the member is press-molded to form a member as the plate-like filler material. However, since the member to be repaired and the filler material are surely the same material, they are appropriately mixed, so that the repaired part is reliably welded.

One embodiment of the welding method for welding the base materials of the present invention to each other (joining the plate assembly) will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts.
In general, the present invention irradiates a welding site W of the base materials M1 and M2 with a high energy beam B, and melts the filler material F by the high energy beam B and supplies the molten material F to the welding site W. In this method, M1 and M2 are welded to each other, and a filler material F formed in a plate shape with a predetermined interval X is disposed above the welded portion W, and a high energy beam is applied to the plate-like filler material F. B is irradiated to melt the filler material F, and the welded portion W is irradiated with the high energy beam B through the plate-like filler material F to weld the welded portion W and melt into the welded portion W. It fills the droplets f of the dropped filler material F.

  In this embodiment, the case where plate members M1 and M2 such as thin steel plates are lap welded as a base material by irradiating a laser beam B as a high energy beam will be described. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the plate members M1 and M2 serving as base materials are bent in the width direction over the entire length, and flange portions Ma are formed on both side edges. The plate members M1 and M2 face each other to form a plate assembly, and the flange portions Ma of the plate members M1 and M2 are overlap-welded to form a hollow body having a hexagonal cross section between the flange portions Ma and Ma. A gap (also referred to as a plate gap) G is formed between the flange portions Ma and Ma of both plate members M1 and M2 because of variations in molding accuracy.

  The apparatus used in the welding method of the present invention includes a laser oscillator 1 and a scanner or torch (hereinafter collectively referred to as a torch) 2 that irradiates a laser beam B oscillated from the laser oscillator 1 in a predetermined position and direction. , A robot 3 that supports and moves the torch and the like, and a jig 4 that supports the plate members M1 and M2 and the plate-like filler material F.

  The laser oscillator 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can generate a laser beam B having a predetermined output corresponding to the base plate members M1 and M2 such as a YAG laser or a carbon dioxide laser. . The laser oscillator 1 and the torch etc. 2 are connected by an optical fiber 5, and the laser beam B having a predetermined output oscillated by the laser oscillator 1 is narrowed to a predetermined diameter from the torch etc. 2 through the optical fiber 5. Irradiated in a state. The torch 2 is supported on the arm tip of the robot 3 and is moved on a predetermined trajectory so that the laser beam B can be irradiated to a predetermined position of the welded part W at a predetermined angle in a predetermined welding posture. The In this embodiment, as will be described in detail below, the welding of the plate-shaped filler metal F and the base materials M1 and M2, which are arranged in a state where a predetermined distance X is secured with respect to the welding site W, In order to melt the part W, the laser beam B is set to have a small aperture so that the diameter does not change greatly from the torch 2 to the irradiation position.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of jigs 4 are arranged to support the vicinity of both ends in the length direction of the plate members M <b> 1 and M <b> 2. Each jig 4 is composed of a lower member 40 and an upper member 41, and one end thereof is joined by a hinge 42 so as to be opened and closed. The lower member 40 is formed with a support portion 40a that supports both flange portions Ma of the plate members M1 and M2. The upper member 41 is formed with a pressing portion 41a for pressing the flange portions Ma of the two plate members M1 and M2 that are overlapped with the support portion 40a of the lower member 40. At least one pressing portion 41a has a pressing portion 41a. A support mechanism 6 for supporting the material F is provided. Each support mechanism 6 is elastically pressed against the plate-shaped filler material F incorporated in the cut 60 formed in the vicinity of the lower end surface of the pressing portion 41a so as to open to the sides facing each other. Accordingly, the plate spring 61 is detachably clamped. The distance between the lower end surface of the pressing portion 41a and the lower surface of the notch 60, that is, the interval X at which the plate-like filler material F is disposed with respect to the flange portion Ma of the plate member M1, is, for example, 1.0-2. .0 mm is set.

  When the flange portions Ma of the plate members M1 and M2 are overlapped and welded to each other using the apparatus configured as described above, the upper member 41 of the jig 4 is first opened with respect to the lower member 40, and both the plate members M1. , M2 face each other and the flange portion Ma is placed on the support portion 40a of the lower member 40, and the upper member 41 is closed between the pressing portion 41a and the support portion 40a of the lower member 40. The flange portions Ma of the two plate members M1 and M2 that are overlapped with each other are pressed and positioned. At this time, as described above, a gap G of 0.5 mm or more is formed between the flange portions Ma and Ma of the both plate members M1 and M2 for reasons such as variations in molding accuracy. The plate-like filler material F is inserted into the notches 60 of the respective support mechanisms 6 of the upper member 41 before and after the positioning and holding of both the plate members M1 and M2. The plate-shaped filler metal F is held between the plate spring 61 and the lower surface of the cut 60 and is disposed in a state in which a predetermined interval X is secured between the upper surface of the flange portion Ma of the plate member M1 positioned on the upper side. Will be. The plate-like filler material F can be an end material generated when the plate members M1 and M2 are press-molded.

  In this state, the laser beam B is irradiated from the laser oscillator 1 through the optical fiber 5 to the welding part W of the flange portion Ma with an output of, for example, 4 Kw from the torch 2. At this time, since the plate-like filler material F having a predetermined area is arranged above the welded portion W, the laser beam B is first reliably irradiated to the filler material F, and the filler material F is It will melt. At this time, a vigorous evaporation phenomenon occurs in the melted portion (melting pool) of the filler metal F, and a metal vapor is generated to spread the molten metal to form a keyhole. As a result of the laser beam B being absorbed and deeply melted in the thickness direction of the filler material F, a droplet f is formed in which the filler material F melts and drops at the lower welding site W. For example, when the laser beam B is scanned at a speed of about 1 m / min to weld the welded portion W over a predetermined length, or when weaving is performed over a predetermined width, the metal in the molten pool in front of the keyhole scanning direction by the metal vapor pressure. Is melted, that is, the filler material F is melted or slits are formed. And the laser beam B is irradiated to the welding site | part W of the flange part Ma of the plate members M1 and M2 located below through the part which the melt material F melted down. Since the welded portion W of the flange portion Ma where the plate members M1 and M2 are overlapped is welded while the droplet f melted down by the irradiation of the laser beam B is supplied, the gap G is formed between the flange portions Ma and Ma. Even if it occurs, since the droplet f is replenished by melting the filler material F into the gap G, underfill (see FIG. 4) does not occur. Welding strength can be obtained.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case has been described in which the penetration is made to penetrate from the upper plate member M1 to the lower plate member M2, but the present invention is limited to this embodiment. The present invention can also be applied to the case of lap joint welding or fillet welding in other joints such as lap joint welding, stepped butt joints, T-shaped joints, and helicopter joints.

  Next, an embodiment of a welding method for build-up welding to the repair site H of the member of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In this embodiment, the same or corresponding parts as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and only different parts are described.

  The present invention roughly irradiates the repair site H of the members M1 and M2 with the high energy beam B and melts the filler material F by the high energy beam B and supplies the melted material F to the repair site H, thereby repairing the site H. In this method, the welding material F formed in a plate shape with a predetermined interval X is arranged on the repaired portion H, and the high energy beam B is applied to the plate-like welding material F. By irradiating and melting the melt material F, the repair site H is irradiated with the high energy beam B through the plate-shaped melt material F, and the melt material F melted and melted to the repair site H. Filling the droplet f and performing overlay welding.

  In this embodiment, by irradiating the laser beam B as a high energy beam, as shown in FIG. The case where the welded part H where the underfill has occurred due to the lap welding of the members M1 and M2 will be described.

  When overlay welding is performed on the underfill of the welded part H, which is a repaired part, first, as a plate-like filler material, an end material F generated when press-molding the plate members M1 and M2 is used as the plate member M1. For example, in a state where an interval X of 1.0 to 2.0 mm is secured from the upper surface of the steel plate, it is disposed above the welded portion H where the underfill has occurred. In order to position and hold the plate-shaped filler metal F with respect to the plate member M1, the jig 4 having the support mechanism (FIG. 2) 6 as described in the above embodiment can be used.

  In this state, the laser beam B is emitted from the laser oscillator 1 through the optical fiber 5 from the torch or the like 2 to the welding site H where the underfill has occurred with an output of, for example, 4 Kw. At this time, since the plate-like filler material F having a predetermined area is disposed above the welded portion H where the underfill has occurred, the laser beam B is first reliably irradiated to the filler material F, The filler material F will be melted. At this time, a vigorous evaporation phenomenon occurs in the melted portion (melting pool) of the filler metal F, and a metal vapor is generated to spread the molten metal to form a keyhole. As a result of the laser beam being absorbed and deeply melted in the plate thickness direction of the filler material F, a droplet f is formed in which the melt material F melts and drops into the welded portion H where the lower underfill has occurred. For example, the laser beam B is scanned at a speed of about 1 m / min in order to perform overlay welding on the welded part H where underfill has occurred over a predetermined length, or overlay welding is performed on the welded part H where underfill has occurred over a predetermined width. When weaving as much as possible, the metal in the molten pool melts in front of the keyhole in the scanning direction due to the metal vapor pressure, that is, the filler material F is melted or slits are formed. And the laser beam B is irradiated to the welding site | part H in which the underfill of the plate member M1 located below passes through the part where the filler material F melted down. Since the welded portion H where the underfill welded to the tip of the plate members M1 and M2 is melted while the droplet f melted down by the irradiation of the laser beam B is supplied, the plate is interposed between the plate members M1 and M2. The welded part H in which the underfill has occurred due to the gap G is replenished with the droplets f by the melted material F being melted into the underfill of the welded part H, so that the underfill is surely eliminated. It can be properly repaired by overlay welding.

  The present invention is not limited to the case where the plate member M1, M2 is overlap-welded in a state in which the gap G is formed between them and the welded portion H in which the underfill is generated is repaired by overlay welding. For example, the present invention can also be applied to repair by overlay welding on a repair site such as a crack or a recess generated in a single member.

  Further, the high energy beam B used in the present invention is not limited to the laser beam as in the above-described embodiments, and an electron beam or the like can also be adopted.

It is the perspective view shown notionally in order to demonstrate the apparatus called this invention. It is sectional drawing shown in order to demonstrate the state which hold | maintained the plate member and the plate-shaped filler material with the jig | tool. It is the expanded sectional view shown in order to demonstrate the case where the flange part of a plate member is joined by this invention. It is the expanded sectional view shown in order to demonstrate the welding site | part which the underfill produced as a repair site | part repaired by this invention. It is an expanded sectional view shown in order to demonstrate the state of carrying out overlay welding to the welding site | part where the underfill shown in FIG. 4 produced by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

M1, M2: plate member (base material), G: gap (plate gap), F: edge material (plate-like filler material), f: droplet, B: laser beam (high energy beam), W: welding Site, H: repair site, X: predetermined interval

Claims (2)

A method of welding the base materials to each other by irradiating a welded portion of the base material with a high energy beam and melting the filler material with the high energy beam and supplying the melted material to the weld portion,
A plate-like filler material is arranged above the welding site with a predetermined interval, and the plate-like filler material is irradiated with a high energy beam to melt the filler material and cause droplets to drop. By irradiating the welded portion with a high energy beam through the melted portion of the plate-like filler material , the welded portion of the base material is melted, and the welded portion is filled with droplets of the filler material. A welding method characterized by welding a welding site . Irradiating the repair site of the member with a high energy beam, melting the filler material with the high energy beam and supplying it to the repair site, overlay welding to the repair site,
A plate-like filler material is arranged on the repair site with a predetermined interval, and a high-energy beam is applied to the plate-like filler material to melt and melt the molten filler material to form droplets. By irradiating the repair site with a high energy beam through the melted portion of the plate-like filler material , the repair site of the member is melted, and the repair site is filled with droplets of the melt material. Welding method characterized by performing overlay welding.

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