JP5034014B2 - Magnesium battery and system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a magnesium battery and system, and more particularly to a cartridge type magnesium battery and system.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a power generation apparatus having two systems, a system in which hydrogen gas is generated by hydrolysis and a hydrogen consumer generates power, and a system in which power is generated from a chemical reaction by oxidation and reduction of electrodes and ions. Yes. This power generation device includes a hydrogen release means using a hydrogen generation container in which a functional substance is mounted inside a container, or a battery element made of an electrolyte with a functional substance mounted on a negative electrode and an anode, and a functional substance and water. Or a hydrogen generation means including a liquid container for generating hydrogen gas from both by hydrolysis of reacting with an aqueous solution (electrolytic solution) and alteration of a functional substance by hydrolysis, and by bonding of hydrogen atoms fixed between crystals; The first electromotive means for generating the battery element of the hydrogen generating container, the second electromotive means for generating the hydrogen consumer by the hydrogen gas generated in the hydrogen generating container, and the electric power generated by the first electromotive means. It is comprised with the control means which supplies with electricity to a load apparatus and controls the generation amount of the hydrogen gas of a hydrogen generation means with the electric current amount by load.

No. 2008/015844

  However, the power generation device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is large-scale, and its application field is limited.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the magnesium battery and system of a simple structure.

The present invention provides a battery system using air as a positive electrode active material and a specific material as a negative electrode active material.
A thin film of the specific substance;
A pair of reels each end of which is connected to the thin film;
Electrodes located near the path of the thin film between the reels;
Is provided.

  You may provide the container containing the melt which melt | dissolves the specific substance which was located downstream of the said electrode and was oxidized at the time of electric power generation. As an example, magnesium, zinc, lithium, iron, carbon, sodium, beryllium, aluminum, cadmium, sulfur, lead, etc. can be used as specific substances, and copper, carbon, manganese dioxide, aluminum can be used as electrodes. , Gold, silver, beryllium, magnesium can be used, and the components of the melt are dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, stearic acid, formic acid, citric acid, aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, Ammonium chloride, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, benzene, aniline, toluene, cyclohexanone, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, castor oil, synthetic detergent, and the like can be used.

  Moreover, the magnesium battery of this invention is equipped with a pair of reel to which the said thin film is connected, and this can also be made into a cartridge type.

It is a typical lineblock diagram of a magnesium battery system of an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 1st reel 20 Magnesium thin films 31-40 Guide part 50 Support part 60 Electrode 70 Container 80 Melt 90 Second reel 100 Cartridge 1000 Magnesium battery system

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a magnesium battery system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the first reel 10, the magnesium thin film 20, the guide portions 31 to 40, the support portion 50, the electrode 60, the container 70, the melt 80, and the second reel 90, which will be described below, are illustrated. The cartridge 100 is shown.

  The first reel 10 has a magnesium thin film 20 wound thereon. The first reel 10 is configured to be rotatable around an axis (not shown). The first reel 10 can be made of a resin such as plastic, for example.

  The magnesium thin film 20 is a negative electrode active material in a magnesium battery, and one end is connected to the first reel 10 and the other end is connected to the second reel 90. The magnesium thin film 20 can have an arbitrary thickness, width, and length depending on the size of the cartridge 100 or the size of the space to which the cartridge 100 is attached and detached. About the manufacturing method of the magnesium thin film 20, some non-limiting examples are given.

First, the magnesium thin film 20 can be manufactured by applying magnesium to both sides or one side of the film. The film in such a case may be a material that can penetrate the melt 80 but does not react with the melt 80 (for example, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, Ultra High
Molecular Weight Polyethylene)). In this way, if the film has strength, even if the magnesium in the magnesium thin film 20 disappears due to the reaction, the film itself remains, so that the magnesium thin film 20 itself can be prevented from tearing.

  Secondly, the magnesium thin film 20 can be manufactured by laminating the front and back surfaces of the magnesium foil with a film. If it carries out like this, in addition to the advantage in the said 1st case, since magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide are hold | maintained between film films, the reaction product recovery of the magnesium thin film 20 becomes easy.

  In addition, although magnesium itself which comprises the magnesium thin film 20 may be acquired in any way, as an example, by irradiating a laser to a mixture or compound of magnesium oxide and carbon, oxygen is converted from magnesium oxide. It is sufficient to use magnesium produced by removing the.

  The guide portions 31 to 40 define the traveling position of the magnesium thin film 20. The guide portions 31 to 40 may be any material as long as they do not damage the magnesium thin film 20. Specifically, when the magnesium thin film 20 is formed of a film coated with magnesium, the magnesium thin film 20 may have a slidability so that magnesium does not peel from the film. As an example, the guide portions 31 to 40 can be made of stainless steel, and the surface thereof may be subjected to processing for improving slidability as necessary.

  The support part 50 sandwiches the magnesium thin film 20 together with the electrode 60. The support part 50 may be made of any material as long as it does not damage the magnesium thin film 20. As an example, it can be made of copper. If it does so, the support part 50 will also be equipped with the electrode effect, and electric power generation efficiency will improve.

  The electrode 60 generates power in cooperation with magnesium of the magnesium thin film 20 and oxygen in the air which is a positive electrode active material. It is moved in the left-right direction of the drawing by a driving unit (not shown). Specifically, the electrode 60 moves toward the support portion 50 during power generation, and moves toward it and the half valley at other times including when the cartridge 100 is replaced. As an example, the drive unit can be a screw spring, and the electrode 60 can be used by utilizing a process of returning from the wound state. The electrode 60 can be made of, for example, copper. However, the electrode 60 is not limited to copper as long as it can generate a power generation reaction with magnesium, and carbon, manganese dioxide, and the like can also be used. In such a case, the support part 50 can also be changed according to the material of the electrode 60.

  The container 70 is a container in which the melt 80 is placed. For example, it can be made of glass. However, the container 70 is not limited to glass as long as it does not dissolve in the melt 80.

  The melt 80 is capable of reacting with the magnesium thin film 20 whose surface is oxidized by power generation, that is, magnesium oxide. As the melt 80, a diluted hydrochloric acid solution, a diluted sulfuric acid solution, an acetic acid solution, or the like can be used. When a dilute hydrochloric acid solution is used as the melting solution 80, oxygen, hydrogen, water, and magnesium chloride are generated.

  The second reel 90 is for winding the magnesium thin film 20. The second reel 90 is configured to be rotatable about an axis (not shown). The second reel 90 can be made of a resin such as plastic, for example.

  The cartridge 100 contains the first reel 10, the magnesium thin film 20, the guide parts 31 to 40, the support part 50, the container 70, the melt 80, and the second reel 90. The cartridge 100 can be made of a resin such as plastic, for example. The object to be accommodated in the cartridge 100 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1. For example, the container 70 and the melt 80 may be provided on the side where the cartridge 100 is attached, that is, on the electrode 60 side.

Next, the principle of the magnesium battery system 1000 of this embodiment will be described.
First, the magnesium thin film 20 near the electrode 60 and the oxygen in the air,
2Mg + O ₂ → 2MgO
A chemical reaction occurs. For this reason, a part of the magnesium thin film 20 becomes a magnesium oxide thin film downstream of the electrode 60.

When the magnesium thin film 20 comes into contact with the dilute hydrochloric acid solution which is the melt 80 in the container 70,
MgO + 2HCl → MgCl ₂ + H ₂ O
A chemical reaction occurs.

Further, when the magnesium thin film 20 comes into contact with the dilute hydrochloric acid solution that is the melt 80 in the container 70, the non-oxidized portion comes into contact with the dilute hydrochloric acid solution that is the melt 80 in the container 70,
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl ₂ + H ₂
A chemical reaction occurs.

Here, the reason why the container 70 containing the melt 80 is positioned downstream of the electrode 60 is that the power generation efficiency is lowered due to hydrogen embrittlement generated when the H ₂ gas contacts the copper which is the electrode 60. This is to prevent this. In this embodiment, although not essential, the container 70 and the electrode 60 are isolated by an isolation member (not shown).

  Next, an example of the length of the magnesium thin film 20 will be shown, and the rotational speed of the second reel 90 will be described.

  When the magnesium battery system 1000 of this embodiment is used as a fuel cell system for automobiles, the magnesium thin film 20 has a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of micrometers, a width of 5 to 10 cm, and a length of about 100 to 200 m. It is possible to do.

The magnesium thin film 20 having such thickness and length conditions is
Since the relation of the square of the radius of the magnesium thin film 20 × 3.14 = the thickness of the tape × the length is satisfied, the radius is about 8 cm when wound on the first reel 10. Compared to a fuel cell system, it is very small.

  When it is desired to run an ordinary passenger car for about 500 km, for example, four cartridges 100 including the magnesium thin film 20 having a length of 100 μm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 200 m may be prepared theoretically. The grounds for this are as follows. First, about 100 kWh of energy is required for traveling at 500 km. This can be expressed as 360 MJ by multiplying 100 kW by 1 hour, ie, 3600 seconds.

  On the other hand, the heat of magnesium generation is 25 kJ / g. Then, the amount of magnesium necessary for traveling at 500 km is a value obtained by dividing 360 MJ by 25 kJ, that is, 14.4 kg.

  Since the magnesium amount in the magnesium thin film 20 having a thickness of 100 μm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 200 m is 3.4 kg, as described above, the four cartridges 100 including the magnesium thin film 20 satisfying this condition are provided. It would be good to prepare.

  However, since the conversion efficiency is not necessarily 100%, in actuality, when a normal passenger car is desired to travel about 500 km, the number of cartridges 100 to be prepared is expected to be about 6-8.

  Moreover, when using the magnesium battery system 1000 of this embodiment as a fuel cell system of a motor vehicle, the winding speed of the magnesium thin film 20 of the second reel 90 may be about 5 mm / second. As a basis for this, if the automobile runs, for example, at 50 km / h for 500 km, the running time is 10 hours, so the magnesium thin film 20 having a length of 200 m is wound up in 10 hours.

  However, since the magnesium thin film 20 does not react with all the magnesium just by passing the vicinity of the electrode 60 once, the magnesium thin film 20 is also wound from the second reel 90 side to the first reel 10 side so as to pass several times. Try to be taken. In such a case, the container 70 containing the melt 80 may be provided between the electrode 60 and the first reel 10.

  When the magnesium thin film 20 is configured to reciprocate with respect to the electrode 60 as described above, the winding speed of the magnesium thin film 20 on the first reel 10 and the second reel 90 is 2 to 3 times that in the above example. Wind up at a speed of.

  The present invention can be used in the field of batteries such as automobiles.

Claims (4)

In a battery system using air as a positive electrode active material and a specific material as a negative electrode active material,
A thin film of the specific substance;
A pair of reels each end of which is connected to the thin film;
Electrodes located near the path of the thin film between the reels;
A battery system comprising: A container containing a melt that melts a specific substance that is located downstream of the electrode and oxidized during power generation;
The battery system according to claim 1. The specific substance is any of magnesium, zinc, lithium, iron, carbon, sodium, beryllium, aluminum, cadmium, sulfur, lead,
The electrode uses any of copper, carbon, manganese dioxide, aluminum, gold, silver, beryllium, magnesium,
The components of the melt are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, stearic acid, formic acid, citric acid, aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, acetone , Including benzene, aniline, toluene, cyclohexanone, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, castor oil, synthetic detergent,
The battery system according to claim 1. The reel is configured in a cartridge type with respect to the electrode,
The battery system according to claim 1.