JP5034141B2 - Positive electrode active material for secondary battery, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the same - Google Patents
Positive electrode active material for secondary battery, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5034141B2 JP5034141B2 JP2001106822A JP2001106822A JP5034141B2 JP 5034141 B2 JP5034141 B2 JP 5034141B2 JP 2001106822 A JP2001106822 A JP 2001106822A JP 2001106822 A JP2001106822 A JP 2001106822A JP 5034141 B2 JP5034141 B2 JP 5034141B2
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003153 β-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001460678 Napo <wasp> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].OOO Chemical compound [Fe].OOO CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006299 γ-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
異種元素を含むβ―FeOOHを正極活物質とする非水電解質二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、非水電解質二次電池は、携帯電話、ノートパソコン、ビデオカメラ等の小型電源としてすでに広く用いられているが、さらにその高いエネルギー密度から、将来、電気自動車、電力平準化用等の大型電源への用途が期待されている。
【0003】
非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質にはリチウム遷移金属酸化物が、負極活物質には黒鉛、非晶質炭素、酸化物、リチウム合金およびリチウム金属が提案されている。
【0004】
現在、正極活物質として主に用いられているコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)は高価であり、将来予測される非水電解質二次電池の大量消費に対応するためには、より安価な正極活物質の開発が重要である。さらに、環境問題への関心が日々高まる中で、活物質の環境負荷が極力低いことが望まれる。
【0005】
現在、マンガンやニッケル、鉄を含む化合物が非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質として精力的に研究されているが、中でも鉄は最も安価で環境負荷が低い材料であるため、鉄化合物は次世代非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質として極めて魅力的である。
【0006】
非水電解質二次電池用鉄含有正極活物質として、これまで種々の鉄化合物が提案されてきたが、アモルファス状γ−FeOOH(J.Electrochem.Soc.、142、360(1995))、β−FeOOH(J.PowerSources、81−82、221(1999))、非晶質含銅水酸化鉄(第40回電池討論会講演要旨集、3C08)を始めとするオキシ水酸化鉄(FeOOH)が高容量活物質として近年注目されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
FeOOHには種々の結晶系が存在するが、中でもβ型は特に優れた電池特性を示すことが知られている(J.Power Sources、81−82、221(1999))。しかし、従来、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質として適用されてきたβ−FeOOHは高結晶性化合物であり、その粒子形状はアスペクト比が大きな針状であった。
【0008】
しかし、高結晶性のβ―FeOOHを電池活物質として用いた場合、その粒子形状がアスペクト比の大きな針状であるために、粒子間接触面積が小さい。したがって、従来、粒子間の電子導電性を良好とするために大量の導電剤が必要であり、その結果、活物質密度が低くなる欠点があった。
【0009】
さらに、従来の高結晶β−FeOOHを非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質に適用した場合、その粒子形状は前述したように針状であるために、リチウムの挿入・脱離に伴うわずかな結晶格子の膨張・収縮で、粒子間の接触が不良となり、その結果サイクル性能が著しく低下するという課題があった。
【0010】
そこで、本発明者はかかる課題を解決するために鋭意努力した結果、従来の高結晶性の針状β−FeOOHと比べて、正極中の導電剤量が少量で高い放電容量を示し、さらに良好なサイクル性能を示す非晶質β−FeOOHを初めて見出した。
【0011】
本発明は、従来にない新規な鉄化合物を正極活物質として適用することにより、活物質密度が高く、サイクル性能に優れ、安価で環境負荷が低い非水電解質二次電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、非水電解質二次電池において、粒子のアスペクト比が5以下のβ―FeOOHであって、Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を0.12wt%以上含み、さらにCuKα線を用いたX線回折法で、半値幅Yが0.3°<Y(2θ)の(110)面回折ピークを示す正極活物質を備えたことを特徴とする。
【0013】
請求項1の発明によれば、粒子が密に充填され、その結果、粒子間の接触が良好となる。したがって、添加する導電剤の量が少量ですみ、その結果、活物質密度が高くなる。また、粒子間で接触する面積が大きいために、活物質の結晶格子が膨張・収縮した場合においても粒子間の良好な接触が保たれる。このような特徴を有する本発明非晶質β―FeOOHを二次電池の正極活物質に用いた場合、正極のサイクル性能が著しく向上する。
【0014】
さらに、本発明は、上記二次電池用正極活物質において、Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含むことにより、これらの元素が正極活物質内で柱の役割を果たし、非晶質構造を安定化する効果がある。
【0016】
本発明の正極活物質において、Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素の含有量が0.1wt%以上であることが好ましい。
【0017】
そのことにより、非水電解質二次電池のサイクル性能が著しく向上する。
【0018】
本発明の正極活物質の製造方法としては、塩化第二鉄とLi、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれたすくなくとも一種の元素を含む塩とが溶解した水溶液を、40℃から100℃の範囲内で加水分解する工程を含むことが好ましい。
【0019】
この製造方法は極めて簡便であり、工業化プロセスとして大変優れている。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質に用いるβ−FeOOHは、粒子のアスペクト比が5以下であって、さらにCuKα線を用いたX線回折法で、半値幅Yが0.3°<Y(2θ)の(110)面回折ピークを示す非晶質化合物である。ここで(110)面回折ピークの半値幅が0.3°よりも小さい物質が高結晶性物質、0.3°より大きな物質が非晶質物質としてそれぞれ定義される。本発明β−FeOOHの具体的な粒子形状としては、柱状、紡錘状、棒状などが例示される。
【0024】
上述したアスペクト比は、個々の粒子のアスペクト比の平均値を意味する。具体的には、ランダムに選択された50個の粒子を顕微鏡観察し、それぞれについて求められたアスペクト比を50で平均した値を活物質粒子のアスペクト比として定義する。したがって、アスペクト比が5以下の活物質とは、個々の粒子のアスペクト比の平均値が5以下であることを意味する。
【0025】
さらに、本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHは、粒子のアスペクト比が5以下であれば、一次粒子であっても、一次粒子の凝集体であってもかまわない。凝集体のアスペクト比が5以下であれば、その一次粒子の粒子形状が、アスペクト比が5以上の針状であってもかまわない。
【0026】
ここで、個々の粒子のアスペクト比は、β−FeOOH粒子の縦横比を示す。すなわち、粒子の(長軸の長さ/短軸の長さ)の比を表わす。アスペクト比が大きくなるにしたがって、粒子の形状は細長くなる。特に、粒子のアスペクト比が2以下の場合に、電極のサイクル性能は著しく向上する。したがって、アスペクト比が2以下の非晶質β−FeOOHが活物質として特に好ましい。
【0027】
本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHにおいて、CuKα線を用いたX線回折法で得られる(110)面回折ピークの半値幅が上記値の範囲に限定される理由は、この範囲を越えて半値幅が小さくなると針状の高結晶性化合物となり、前述したように、電極活物質として用いた場合、活物質密度が低くなり、さらにサイクル性能が劣るからである。
【0028】
本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHは、Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含むことが好ましい。これは、これらの元素を含むことによって、電極のサイクル性能が向上するからである。この理由はまだ明らかではないが、これらの元素が活物質内で柱の役割を果たし、その結果、非晶質構造を安定化すると推察される。
【0029】
また、本発明の非晶質β−FeOOH中における上記元素の含有量は0.1wt%以上とする必要がある。含有量が0.1wt%以上の時サイクル性能が著しく向上するが、一定以上添加してもサイクル性能向上への効果は変化しない。一方、非晶質β−FeOOH中の上記元素の添加量が多くなると、容量が減少する。したがって、これらの元素の添加量は、0.1wt%以上で、できるだけの少量とすることが好ましい。
【0030】
本発明の非晶質β―FeOOHをリチウム二次電池の正極活物質に適用した場合、リチウムの挿入・脱離に伴い活物質の結晶性がさらに低下し、CuKα線のX線回折測定で、約19°、26°、32°、43°、63°に回折ピークが新たに出現する。
【0031】
本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHの製造方法を例示すれば、塩化第二鉄が溶解した水溶液にLi、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含む塩を添加し、この水溶液を40℃から100℃の範囲内で加水分解することによって得られる。添加する塩としては硫酸塩が特に好ましい。硫酸塩が特に好ましい理由は、収率が著しく向上するからである。なお、加水分解後に、1日以上熟成、濾過、水洗、乾燥することが好ましい。この製造方法は極めて簡便であり、工業化プロセスとして大変優れている。
【0032】
本発明の正極活物質の製造方法で用いられる塩化第二鉄には水和物を用いることもでき、Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含む塩には、LiBr、LiCl、LiI、LiNO3、Li2SO4、NaClO3、NaI、NaCO3、Na3PO4、NaPO3、Na4P2O7、Na2SO4、KBr、KBrO3、K2CO3、K2C2O4、KI、K2SO4、KNO3、K3PO4、K4P2O7、KCr(SO4)2、MgBr2、Mg(C2H3O2)2、MgCl2、MgI2、Mg3(PO4)2、MgSO4、AlCl3、Al(NO3)3、Al2(SO4)3、CaBr2、CaCl2、CaI2、Ca(NO3)2、ScCl3、Sc2(SO4)3、TiBr4、TiCl4、Ti(SO4)2、TiOSO4、VOCl3、VOSO4、CrBr3、CrCl3、Cr2(SO4)3、MnBr2、MnCl2、Mn(NO3)2、MnSO4、CoBr2、CoCl2、CoI2、Co(NO3)2、CoSO4、NiBr2、Ni(C2H3O2)2、NiCl2、NiI2、Ni(NO3)2、NiSO4、CuBr2、Cu(CH3COO)2、CuCl2、Cu(NO3)2、CuSO4、ZnBr2、Zn(CH3COO)2、ZnCl2、ZnI2、Zn(NO3)2、ZnSO4、ZrCl4、ZrI4、ZrOCl2、Zr(SO4)2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2、SnBr2、SnCl2、SnCl4、SnF2、SnF4、SnSO4が例示される。塩にはこれらの水和物を用いることもでき、それぞれの単独あるいは2種以上の混合物を用いることができる。
【0033】
本発明の非水電解質二次電池で用いられる負極材料においては、金属リチウムまたは/およびリチウムイオンを吸蔵放出することが可能な物質が用いられ、黒鉛、非晶質炭素、酸化物、窒化物およびリチウム合金が例示される。リチウム合金としては、例えばリチウムとアルミニウム、亜鉛、ビスマス、カドミウム、アンチモン、シリコン、鉛、錫との合金を用いることができる。
【0034】
本発明の非水電解質二次電池で用いられる非水電解質としては、非水電解液でも、ポリマー電解質、固体電解質であってもかまわない。非水電解液に用いられる溶媒としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホキシド、アセトニトリル、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、1、2−ジメトキシエタン、1、2−ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキソラン、メチルアセテート等の極性溶媒およびこれらの混合溶媒が例示される。
【0035】
また、その溶質としては、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiSCN、LiCF3CO2、LiCF3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2、LiN(COCF3)2およびLiN(COCF2CF3)2などの塩もしくはこれらの混合物が例示される。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHを正極活物質に備えた非水電解質二次電池を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明する。しかし、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0037】
[実施例1]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.1モルのCuSO4・5H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、80℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、本発明の正極活物質を得た。
【0038】
つぎに、上記正極活物質70重量部に、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラック20重量部と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)10重量部を加え、溶剤であるN―メチル−2−ピロリドンと湿式混合してスラリーにした。このスラリーを集電体であるアルミニウムメッシュの両面に塗付することによって得られた電極体を80℃で乾燥させた。さらに、この電極体を1t/cm2で加圧成形し、つぎに真空下にて100℃で乾燥することによって、大きさ15mm×15mm×0.5mmの正極を作製した。
【0039】
最後に、上記正極を用いて、本発明の正極活物質を備えた本発明電池(A1)を製作した。負極にリチウム金属、非水電解液に、1mol/lのLiClO4が溶解したエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの体積比率1:1の混合溶媒を用い、フラッデドタイプの電池を製作した。
【0040】
[実施例2]
実施例1と同様にして、本発明の正極活物質を得た。つぎに、上記正極活物質を75重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを15重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、本発明電池(A2)を製作した。
【0041】
[実施例3]
実施例1と同様にして、本発明の正極活物質を得た。つぎに、上記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、本発明電池(A3)を製作した。
【0042】
[実施例4]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.033モルのAl2(SO4)3・8H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、80℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、本発明の正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、本発明電池(A4)を製作した。
【0043】
[実施例5]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.04モルのAl2(SO4)3・8H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、80℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、本発明の正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、本発明電池(A5)を製作した。
【0044】
[実施例6]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.05モルのAl2(SO4)3・8H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、85℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、本発明の正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、本発明電池(A6)を製作した。
【0045】
[比較例1]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2Oを溶解させた。つぎに、この水溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、60℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿物をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより正極活物質を得た。
【0046】
最後に、前記正極活物質を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較電池(B1)を製作した。
【0047】
[比較例2]
比較例1と同様にして、正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を75重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを15重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、比較電池(B2)を製作した。
【0048】
[比較例3]
比較例1と同様にして、正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、比較電池(B3)を製作した。
【0049】
[比較例4]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.02モルのAl2(SO4)3・8H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、80℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、正極活物質を得た。つぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、比較電池(B4)を製作した。
【0050】
[比較例5]
25℃で、1dm3の水に、0.1モルのFeCl3・6H2O、および、0.025モルのAl2(SO4)3・8H2Oをともに溶解させた。つぎに、この溶液を10℃/h程度のゆっくりした速度で加熱し、80℃で2日保った。生成した沈殿をろ過し、蒸留水でよく洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥させることにより、正極活物質を得た。ぎに、前記正極活物質を80重量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを10重量部、PVdFを10重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、正極を作製し、比較電池(B5)を製作した。
【0051】
図1に、本発明電池A1と比較電池B1に用いられた正極活物質のX線回折パターン(CuKα線)を示す。図1において、(a)は本発明電池A1に用いられた正極活物質、(b)は比較電池B1に用いられた正極活物質の、それぞれのX線回折パターンである。
【0052】
図1の回折ピークの位置から、本発明電池A1および比較電池B1に用いられた活物質はともにβ−FeOOHであることがわかった。また、(110)面回折ピークの半値幅はそれぞれ約0.7°、0.1°であった。したがって、本発明電池A1に用いた正極活物質は非晶質β―FeOOH、また比較電池B1に用いた正極活物質は高結晶β―FeOOHであることがわかった。
【0053】
X線回折ピーク位置から求められた正方晶β―FeOOHの格子定数は、本発明電池A1に用いられた非晶質β―FeOOHに関して、a=10.50Å、c=3.03Å、比較電池B1に用いられた高結晶β―FeOOHに関して、a=10.54Å、c=3.03Åであった。従って、本発明の非晶質β―FeOOHの単位格子は高結晶性β―FeOOHと比べてa軸方向に収縮していることがわかった。
【0054】
図2に、本発明電池A1に用いられた正極活物質の走査電子顕微鏡写真を示す。本発明電池A1に用いられた活物質の平均粒径は約4μmであり、アスペクト比が2以下の粒子であるのに対し、比較電池B1に用いられた活物質は、長軸の長さが約0.8μm、短軸の長さが約0.1μm、アスペクト比が約8の針状粒子であることがわかった。
【0055】
また、ICP発光分光分析によって、本発明電池A1に用いられたβ−FeOOHにはCuが0.07wt%含まれることが確認された。
【0056】
[充放電特性]
上記のようにして製作した本発明電池および比較電池について、一定電流で10サイクルの充放電試験を実施した。充電終止電圧を4.3V、放電終止電圧を1.6Vとし、電流値を0.2mA/cm2とした。
【0057】
図3に、本発明電池A1および比較電池B1の各サイクルにおける放電容量(mAh/g)を示す。図3において、記号■は本発明電池A1の、また記号○は比較電池B1の各サイクルにおける放電容量(mAh/g)を示す。図3から、本発明電池の方が比較電池よりも良好なサイクル性能を示すことがわかった。
【0058】
図4は、本発明電池A1、A2、A3および比較電池B1、B2、B3に関して、導電剤であるアセチレンブラックの添加量と10サイクル目における放電容量の関係を示したものである。なお、図4において、記号■は本発明電池A1、A2、A3についての、また記号○は比較電池B1、B2、B3についての関係を示す。図4から、本発明電池の方が比較電池と比べて、導電剤の添加量が少量の場合においても高い放電容量を示すことがわかった。
【0059】
次に、アスペクト比の異なるβ−FeOOHを用いて、実施例1と同様の電池を作製し、上記1と同様の条件で充放電サイクル試験を行った。10サイクル目の放電容量を表1に示す。なお、表1の放電容量の値は10セルの平均値である。
【0060】
【表1】
【0061】
表1から明らかなように、β−FeOOHのアスペクト比が5以下の場合に放電容量は150mAh/gを越え、特にアスペクト比が2以下の場合に放電容量は160mAh/gを越えることがわかった。
【0062】
ICP発光分光分析から、本発明電池A4、A5、A6、及び比較電池B4、B5に用いられた活物質中にAlが含まれていることが確認された。そこでつぎに、Al含有量と充放電特性との関係を調べた。なお、走査電子顕微鏡観察から、本発明電池A4、A5、A6、及び比較電池B4、B5に用いられた活物質のアスペクト比が5以下であることが確認された。
【0063】
図5は、10サイクル目における本発明電池A4、A5、A6、及び比較電池B4、B5の放電容量維持率と、活物質中のAl含有量との関係を示したものである。ここで、「放電容量維持率」を、初期放電容量に対する10サイクル目の放電容量の比として定義し、百分率で表した。図5から明らかなように、活物質中のAl含有量が0.1wt%以上のとき、放電容量維持率が著しく高くなることがわかった。
【0064】
本発明電池A1を4.3Vで充電または1.6Vで放電後、それぞれの電池を解体し、用いた正極活物質のX線回折測定(CuKα線)を行なった。その結果を図6に示す。図6において、(a)は充電生成物のX線回折パターンを、(b)は放電生成物のX線回折パターンを、また(c)は充放電前のX線回折パターンを示す。なお図6において、*印は、充放電によって新たに出現した回折ピークを示す。
【0065】
図6において、(a)、(b)、(c)を比較すると、充放電を行うことによって活物質の回折ピーク強度が著しく低下し、さらに、約19°、26°、32°、43°、63°に新たに回折ピークが出現することがわかった。したがって、本発明非晶質β―FeOOHを非水電解質二次電池正極活物質に用いた場合、リチウム挿入・脱離反応によって、その結晶性がさらに低下し、構造も大きく変化することが明らかとなった。なお、図6の(a)および(b)において、約38°、45°、65°に観察される強度の大きなピークは、集電体として用いたアルミニウムによるものである。
【0066】
本実施例ではCu、またはAlを含むβ−FeOOHについて述べたが、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Zn、Zr、Pb、Snを含む該活物質に関しても同様にして、比較電池と比べて、正極中の導電剤量が少量で高い放電容量を示し、さらに良好なサイクル性能を示した。
【0067】
また、本実施例では負極材料に金属リチウムを用いた。しかし、本発明正極活物質にリチウムを含有した化合物を用いた場合、負極材料として、黒鉛、非晶質炭素、酸化物、窒化物およびリチウム合金等を用いることができる。本発明活物質にリチウムを含有させる方法としては、電気化学的、化学的手法が例示される。化学的手法には、本発明活物質をn−BuLiやLiIに代表される還元剤と反応させる方法が例示される。
【0068】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、粒子のアスペクト比が5以下である本発明の非晶質β−FeOOHを二次電池用正極活物質として用いた場合、粒子が密に充填され、その結果、粒子間の接触が良好となる。したがって、添加する導電剤の量が少量ですみ、その結果、活物質密度が高くなる。また、粒子間で接触する面積が大きいために、活物質の結晶格子が膨張・収縮した場合においても粒子間の良好な接触が保たれる。このような特徴を有する本発明非晶質β―FeOOHを正極活物質に用いた二次電池は、正極中の導電剤量が少量で高い放電容量を示し、さらに良好なサイクル性能を示す。
【0069】
本発明は、従来にない新規な鉄化合物を正極活物質として適用することにより、活物質密度が高く、良好なサイクル性能を示し、さらに安価で環境負荷が低い二次電池用正極活物質およびそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池を提供することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明電池A1および比較電池B1に用いられた活物質のX線回折パターンを示す図。
【図2】本発明電池A1に用いられた活物質の走査電子顕微鏡写真を示す図。
【図3】本発明電池A1および比較電池B1の各サイクルにおける放電容量を示す図。
【図4】本発明電池A1、A2、A3および比較電池B1、B2、B3における、導電剤添加量と10サイクル目における放電容量との関係を示す図。
【図5】本発明電池A4、A5、A6、及び比較電池B4、B5の10サイクル目における放電容量維持率と、各電池に用いられた正極活物質粒子中のAl含有量との関係を示す図。
【図6】本発明電池A1に用いられた正極活物質の、充電状態、放電状態および充放電前におけるX線回折パターンを示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Β-FeOOH containing different elements Cathode active material To The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have already been widely used as small power sources for mobile phones, laptop computers, video cameras, etc., but due to their high energy density, they are expected to become large in the future for electric vehicles, power leveling, etc. Applications for power supplies are expected.
[0003]
Lithium transition metal oxides have been proposed as positive electrode active materials for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and graphite, amorphous carbon, oxides, lithium alloys and lithium metals have been proposed as negative electrode active materials.
[0004]
Currently, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), which is mainly used as a positive electrode active material 2 ) Is expensive, and it is important to develop a cheaper positive electrode active material in order to cope with a large amount of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries expected in the future. Furthermore, it is desired that the environmental load of the active material is as low as possible as interest in environmental issues increases day by day.
[0005]
Currently, compounds containing manganese, nickel, and iron have been energetically studied as positive electrode active materials for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. Among these, iron is the cheapest and environmentally friendly material, so It is extremely attractive as a positive electrode active material for a generation non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
[0006]
Various iron compounds have been proposed so far as iron-containing positive electrode active materials for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, but amorphous γ-FeOOH (J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 360 (1995)), β-FeOOH (J. PowerSources, 81-82 221 (1999)), and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) including amorphous copper-containing iron hydroxide (Abstracts of the 40th Battery Discussion Meeting, 3C08) has recently attracted attention as a high-capacity active material. .
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
There are various crystal systems in FeOOH, and among them, β-type is known to show particularly excellent battery characteristics (J. Power Sources, 81-82 221 (1999)). However, β-FeOOH, which has heretofore been applied as a positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, is a highly crystalline compound, and its particle shape has a needle shape with a large aspect ratio.
[0008]
However, when highly crystalline β-FeOOH is used as a battery active material, the particle shape is needle-like with a large aspect ratio, and therefore the contact area between particles is small. Therefore, conventionally, a large amount of a conductive agent is required to improve the electronic conductivity between particles, and as a result, there is a disadvantage that the active material density is lowered.
[0009]
Furthermore, when the conventional high crystalline β-FeOOH is applied to the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the particle shape is needle-like as described above, and therefore, a slight amount due to insertion / extraction of lithium. Due to the expansion and contraction of the crystal lattice, there is a problem that the contact between particles becomes poor, and as a result, the cycle performance is remarkably lowered.
[0010]
Therefore, as a result of diligent efforts to solve such problems, the present inventor showed a high discharge capacity with a small amount of the conductive agent in the positive electrode compared with the conventional highly crystalline acicular β-FeOOH, which is even better. Amorphous β-FeOOH exhibiting excellent cycle performance has been found for the first time.
[0011]
By applying a novel iron compound as a positive electrode active material, the present invention has a high active material density, excellent cycle performance, low cost and low environmental impact. Non-aqueous electrolyte An object is to provide a secondary battery.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which β-FeOOH having a particle aspect ratio of 5 or less, and Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, At least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, and Sn. 0.12 wt% or more And a positive electrode active material exhibiting a (110) plane diffraction peak with a half width Y of 0.3 ° <Y (2θ) by an X-ray diffraction method using CuKα rays.
[0013]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the particles are closely packed, and as a result, the contact between the particles is good. Therefore, only a small amount of conductive agent is added, and as a result, the active material density is increased. In addition, since the contact area between the particles is large, even when the crystal lattice of the active material expands / contracts, good contact between the particles is maintained. When the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention having such characteristics is used as the positive electrode active material of the secondary battery, the cycle performance of the positive electrode is remarkably improved.
[0014]
In addition, book The present invention is the above-described positive electrode active material for a secondary battery, comprising Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, and Sn. By including at least one element selected from the group, these elements serve as pillars in the positive electrode active material and have an effect of stabilizing the amorphous structure.
[0016]
The present invention And at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, and Sn. The content of seed elements is 0.1 wt% or more Is preferred .
[0017]
By that The cycle performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is remarkably improved.
[0018]
As a method for producing the positive electrode active material of the present invention, , Ferric chloride and at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, Sn Including a step of hydrolyzing an aqueous solution in which a salt containing any element is dissolved within a range of 40 ° C to 100 ° C. Is preferred .
[0019]
this The manufacturing method is extremely simple and very excellent as an industrialization process.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Of the present invention Used as positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery β-FeOOH has an aspect ratio of particles of 5 or less, and further shows a (110) plane diffraction peak with a half-value width of 0.3 ° <Y (2θ) by an X-ray diffraction method using CuKα rays. It is an amorphous compound. Here, a substance having a half-width of (110) plane diffraction peak smaller than 0.3 ° is defined as a highly crystalline substance, and a substance larger than 0.3 ° is defined as an amorphous substance. Specific examples of the particle shape of β-FeOOH of the present invention include a columnar shape, a spindle shape, and a rod shape.
[0024]
The aspect ratio described above means an average value of the aspect ratios of individual particles. Specifically, 50 particles selected at random are observed with a microscope, and the value obtained by averaging the obtained aspect ratios by 50 is defined as the aspect ratio of the active material particles. Therefore, an active material having an aspect ratio of 5 or less means that an average aspect ratio of individual particles is 5 or less.
[0025]
Further, the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention may be primary particles or aggregates of primary particles as long as the aspect ratio of the particles is 5 or less. If the aspect ratio of the aggregate is 5 or less, the primary particles may have a needle shape with an aspect ratio of 5 or more.
[0026]
Here, the aspect ratio of each particle indicates the aspect ratio of the β-FeOOH particle. That is, it represents the ratio of the (major axis length / minor axis length) of the particles. As the aspect ratio increases, the particle shape becomes elongated. In particular, when the aspect ratio of the particles is 2 or less, the cycle performance of the electrode is remarkably improved. Therefore, amorphous β-FeOOH having an aspect ratio of 2 or less is particularly preferable as the active material.
[0027]
In the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention, the half width of the (110) plane diffraction peak obtained by the X-ray diffraction method using CuKα rays is limited to the above range. This is because when the value width is small, a needle-like highly crystalline compound is obtained, and as described above, when used as an electrode active material, the active material density is lowered and the cycle performance is further deteriorated.
[0028]
The amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, and Sn. It is preferable to include at least one selected element. This is because the cycle performance of the electrode is improved by including these elements. The reason for this is not clear yet, but it is assumed that these elements act as pillars in the active material and as a result stabilize the amorphous structure.
[0029]
Further, the content of the above element in the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention is 0.1 wt% or more. Need to . When the content is 0.1 wt% or more, the cycle performance is remarkably improved. However, the addition to a certain amount or more does not change the effect of improving the cycle performance. On the other hand, when the amount of the element added in the amorphous β-FeOOH increases, the capacity decreases. Therefore, the addition amount of these elements is preferably 0.1 wt% or more and as small as possible.
[0030]
When the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention is applied to the positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, the crystallinity of the active material is further lowered with the insertion / extraction of lithium, and X-ray diffraction measurement of CuKα rays New diffraction peaks appear at about 19 °, 26 °, 32 °, 43 °, and 63 °.
[0031]
If the manufacturing method of the amorphous beta-FeOOH of this invention is illustrated, Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, It is obtained by adding a salt containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb and Sn and hydrolyzing the aqueous solution within a range of 40 ° C to 100 ° C. As the salt to be added, sulfate is particularly preferable. The reason why sulfate is particularly preferable is that the yield is remarkably improved. In addition, it is preferable to age, filter, wash and dry for 1 day or more after hydrolysis. This manufacturing method is extremely simple and very excellent as an industrialization process.
[0032]
Hydrates can also be used for the ferric chloride used in the method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present invention, and Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co , Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, Sn containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of LiBr, LiCl, LiI, LiNO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 , NaClO Three , NaI, NaCO Three , Na Three PO Four , NaPO Three , Na Four P 2 O 7 , Na 2 SO Four , KBr, KBrO Three , K 2 CO Three , K 2 C 2 O Four , KI, K 2 SO Four , KNO Three , K Three PO Four , K Four P 2 O 7 , KCr (SO Four ) 2 , MgBr 2 , Mg (C 2 H Three O 2 ) 2 MgCl 2 , MgI 2 , Mg Three (PO Four ) 2 , MgSO Four AlCl Three , Al (NO Three ) Three , Al 2 (SO Four ) Three , CaBr 2 , CaCl 2 , CaI 2 , Ca (NO Three ) 2 , ScCl Three , Sc 2 (SO Four ) Three , TiBr Four TiCl Four , Ti (SO Four ) 2 , TiOSO Four , VOCl Three , VOSO Four , CrBr Three , CrCl Three , Cr 2 (SO Four ) Three , MnBr 2 , MnCl 2 , Mn (NO Three ) 2 , MnSO Four , CoBr 2 CoCl 2 CoI 2 , Co (NO Three ) 2 , CoSO Four , NiBr 2 , Ni (C 2 H Three O 2 ) 2 NiCl 2 , NiI 2 , Ni (NO Three ) 2 , NiSO Four , CuBr 2 , Cu (CH Three COO) 2 CuCl 2 , Cu (NO Three ) 2 , CuSO Four ZnBr 2 , Zn (CH Three COO) 2 ZnCl 2 , ZnI 2 , Zn (NO Three ) 2 ZnSO Four , ZrCl Four , ZrI Four , ZrOCl 2 , Zr (SO Four ) 2 , Pb (CH Three COO) 2 , Pb (NO Three ) 2 , SnBr 2 , SnCl 2 , SnCl Four , SnF 2 , SnF Four , SnSO Four Is exemplified. These salts can be used as the salt, and each of them can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0033]
In the negative electrode material used in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, a material capable of occluding and releasing metallic lithium and / or lithium ions is used, and graphite, amorphous carbon, oxide, nitride, and A lithium alloy is exemplified. As the lithium alloy, for example, an alloy of lithium and aluminum, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, silicon, lead, and tin can be used.
[0034]
The non-aqueous electrolyte used in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention may be a non-aqueous electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte, or a solid electrolyte. Solvents used for the non-aqueous electrolyte include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane. And polar solvents such as 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxolane and methyl acetate, and mixed solvents thereof.
[0035]
Moreover, as the solute, LiPF 6 , LiBF Four , LiAsF 6 LiClO Four , LiSCN, LiCF Three CO 2 , LiCF Three SO Three , LiN (SO 2 CF Three ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF Three ) 2 , LiN (COCF Three ) 2 And LiN (COCF 2 CF Three ) 2 And salts thereof or a mixture thereof.
[0036]
【Example】
Below, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention in the positive electrode active material will be described in more detail based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0037]
[Example 1]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.1 mol CuSO Four ・ 5H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 80 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and then dried at 80 ° C. to obtain the positive electrode active material of the present invention.
[0038]
Next, 20 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent and 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder are added to 70 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent is added. And wet mixed to make a slurry. The electrode body obtained by applying this slurry to both surfaces of an aluminum mesh as a current collector was dried at 80 ° C. Furthermore, this electrode body is 1 t / cm. 2 And then dried at 100 ° C. under vacuum to prepare a positive electrode having a size of 15 mm × 15 mm × 0.5 mm.
[0039]
Finally, the battery of the present invention (A1) provided with the positive electrode active material of the present invention was manufactured using the positive electrode. Lithium metal for the negative electrode and 1 mol / l LiClO for the non-aqueous electrolyte 4 A flooded type battery was manufactured using a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate with a volume ratio of 1: 1 dissolved.
[0040]
[Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1, a positive electrode active material of the present invention was obtained. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 75 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 15 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were used, and the battery of the present invention (A2 ) Was made.
[0041]
[Example 3]
In the same manner as in Example 1, a positive electrode active material of the present invention was obtained. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were produced, and the battery of the present invention (A3 ) Was made.
[0042]
[Example 4]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.033 mol of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ・ 8H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 80 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and then dried at 80 ° C. to obtain the positive electrode active material of the present invention. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were prepared, and the battery of the present invention (A4 ) Was made.
[0043]
[Example 5]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.04 mol of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ・ 8H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 80 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and then dried at 80 ° C. to obtain the positive electrode active material of the present invention. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were prepared, and the battery of the present invention (A5 ) Was made.
[0044]
[Example 6]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.05 mol of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ・ 8H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 85 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and then dried at 80 ° C. to obtain the positive electrode active material of the present invention. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were produced, and the battery of the present invention (A6 ).
[0045]
[Comparative Example 1]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O was dissolved. Next, this aqueous solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 60 ° C. for 2 days. The generated precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and then dried at 80 ° C. to obtain a positive electrode active material.
[0046]
Finally, a comparative battery (B1) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode active material was used.
[0047]
[Comparative Example 2]
In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode active material was obtained. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 75 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 15 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were prepared, and a comparative battery (B2). Was made.
[0048]
[Comparative Example 3]
In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode active material was obtained. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were prepared, and a comparative battery (B3). Was made.
[0049]
[ Comparison Example 4 ]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.02 mol of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ・ 8H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 80 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and dried at 80 ° C. to obtain a positive electrode active material. Next, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were used. Comparison battery( B4 ) Was made.
[0050]
[ Comparison Example 5 ]
1 dm at 25 ° C 3 Of water with 0.1 mol of FeCl 3 ・ 6H 2 O and 0.025 mol Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ・ 8H 2 O was dissolved together. Next, this solution was heated at a slow rate of about 10 ° C./h and kept at 80 ° C. for 2 days. The produced precipitate was filtered, washed well with distilled water, and dried at 80 ° C. to obtain a positive electrode active material. Finally, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 10 parts by weight of PVdF were used. Comparison battery( B5 ) Was made.
[0051]
FIG. 1 shows X-ray diffraction patterns (CuKα rays) of positive electrode active materials used in the present invention battery A1 and comparative battery B1. In FIG. 1, (a) is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material used in the battery A1 of the present invention, and (b) is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material used in the comparative battery B1.
[0052]
From the position of the diffraction peak in FIG. 1, it was found that both the active materials used in the battery A1 of the present invention and the comparative battery B1 were β-FeOOH. Further, the half widths of the (110) plane diffraction peaks were about 0.7 ° and 0.1 °, respectively. Therefore, it was found that the positive electrode active material used in the battery A1 of the present invention was amorphous β-FeOOH, and the positive electrode active material used in the comparative battery B1 was high crystal β-FeOOH.
[0053]
The lattice constant of tetragonal β-FeOOH determined from the X-ray diffraction peak position is as follows: a = 10.50Å, c = 3.03Å, and comparative battery B1 with respect to the amorphous β-FeOOH used in the battery A1 of the present invention. With respect to the highly crystalline β-FeOOH used in Example 1, a = 10.54 Å and c = 3.03 Å. Therefore, it was found that the unit cell of amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention contracted in the a-axis direction as compared with highly crystalline β-FeOOH.
[0054]
In FIG. 2, the scanning electron micrograph of the positive electrode active material used for this invention battery A1 is shown. The average particle size of the active material used in the present invention battery A1 is about 4 μm and the aspect ratio is 2 or less, whereas the active material used in the comparative battery B1 has a long axis length. It was found to be acicular particles having a length of about 0.8 μm, a short axis length of about 0.1 μm, and an aspect ratio of about 8.
[0055]
ICP emission spectroscopic analysis confirmed that 0.07 wt% of Cu was contained in the β-FeOOH used in the battery A1 of the present invention.
[0056]
[Charge / discharge characteristics]
The battery of the present invention and the comparative battery manufactured as described above were subjected to a charge / discharge test of 10 cycles at a constant current. The charge end voltage is 4.3 V, the discharge end voltage is 1.6 V, and the current value is 0.2 mA / cm. 2 It was.
[0057]
FIG. 3 shows the discharge capacity (mAh / g) in each cycle of the battery A1 of the present invention and the comparative battery B1. In FIG. 3, symbol ■ indicates the discharge capacity (mAh / g) of the present invention battery A1, and symbol O indicates the comparison battery B1 in each cycle. From FIG. 3, it was found that the battery of the present invention showed better cycle performance than the comparative battery.
[0058]
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the amount of acetylene black added as a conductive agent and the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle for the batteries A1, A2, A3 of the present invention and the comparative batteries B1, B2, B3. In FIG. 4, the symbol ■ indicates the relationship for the batteries A1, A2, and A3 of the present invention, and the symbol O indicates the relationship for the comparative batteries B1, B2, and B3. From FIG. 4, it was found that the battery of the present invention showed a higher discharge capacity than the comparative battery even when the amount of the conductive agent added was small.
[0059]
Next, using β-FeOOH having different aspect ratios, a battery similar to that in Example 1 was produced, and a charge / discharge cycle test was performed under the same conditions as in the above 1. Table 1 shows the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle. In addition, the value of the discharge capacity of Table 1 is an average value of 10 cells.
[0060]
[Table 1]
[0061]
As is apparent from Table 1, when the aspect ratio of β-FeOOH is 5 or less, the discharge capacity exceeds 150 mAh / g, and particularly when the aspect ratio is 2 or less, the discharge capacity exceeds 160 mAh / g. .
[0062]
From the ICP emission spectral analysis, the batteries A4, A5, A6 of the present invention, And comparative battery B4 , B5 It was confirmed that Al was contained in the active material used in the above. Then, next, the relationship between Al content and a charge / discharge characteristic was investigated. From observation with a scanning electron microscope, the present invention batteries A4, A5, A6, And comparative battery B4 , B5 It was confirmed that the active material used in the above has an aspect ratio of 5 or less.
[0063]
FIG. 5 shows the batteries A4, A5, A6 of the present invention at the 10th cycle. And comparative battery B4 , B5 This shows the relationship between the discharge capacity maintenance ratio of the aluminum and the Al content in the active material. Here, the “discharge capacity retention ratio” was defined as the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle to the initial discharge capacity, and expressed as a percentage. As is clear from FIG. 5, it was found that when the Al content in the active material is 0.1 wt% or more, the discharge capacity retention rate is remarkably increased.
[0064]
After charging this invention battery A1 at 4.3V or discharging at 1.6V, each battery was disassembled and X-ray diffraction measurement (CuKα ray) of the positive electrode active material used was performed. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, (a) shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the charged product, (b) shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the discharge product, and (c) shows the X-ray diffraction pattern before charging and discharging. In FIG. 6, * indicates a diffraction peak newly appearing due to charge / discharge.
[0065]
In FIG. 6, when (a), (b), and (c) are compared, the diffraction peak intensity of the active material is remarkably reduced by charging and discharging, and further, approximately 19 °, 26 °, 32 °, and 43 °. It was found that a new diffraction peak appeared at 63 °. Therefore, it is clear that when the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention is used as a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the crystallinity is further lowered and the structure is greatly changed by lithium insertion / extraction reaction. became. In FIGS. 6A and 6B, the strong peaks observed at about 38 °, 45 °, and 65 ° are attributed to aluminum used as the current collector.
[0066]
In this embodiment, β-FeOOH containing Cu or Al is described. However, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Zr, Pb, and Sn are used. Similarly, the active material contained also showed a high discharge capacity with a small amount of the conductive agent in the positive electrode as compared with the comparative battery, and further showed good cycle performance.
[0067]
In this example, metallic lithium was used as the negative electrode material. However, when a compound containing lithium is used for the positive electrode active material of the present invention, graphite, amorphous carbon, oxide, nitride, lithium alloy, or the like can be used as the negative electrode material. Examples of the method for incorporating lithium into the active material of the present invention include electrochemical and chemical methods. Examples of the chemical method include a method in which the active material of the present invention is reacted with a reducing agent typified by n-BuLi or LiI.
[0068]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above, when the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention having a particle aspect ratio of 5 or less is used as the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery, the particles are densely packed. Good contact. Therefore, only a small amount of conductive agent is added, and as a result, the active material density is increased. In addition, since the contact area between the particles is large, even when the crystal lattice of the active material expands / contracts, good contact between the particles is maintained. The secondary battery using the amorphous β-FeOOH of the present invention having such characteristics as the positive electrode active material exhibits a high discharge capacity even when the amount of the conductive agent in the positive electrode is small, and further exhibits good cycle performance.
[0069]
The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery having a high active material density, good cycle performance, low cost and low environmental load by applying a novel iron compound as a positive electrode active material. Used Non-aqueous electrolyte A secondary battery can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of an active material used in the present invention battery A1 and comparative battery B1.
FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the active material used in the battery A1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing discharge capacities in each cycle of the battery A1 of the present invention and the comparative battery B1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of conductive agent added and the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle in the batteries A1, A2, A3 of the present invention and the comparative batteries B1, B2, B3.
FIG. 5 shows the batteries A4, A5, A6 of the present invention. And comparative battery B4 , B5 The figure which shows the relationship between the discharge capacity maintenance factor in the 10th cycle of, and Al content in the positive electrode active material particle used for each battery.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material used in the battery A1 of the present invention before being charged, discharged, and charged / discharged.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001106822A JP5034141B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-04-05 | Positive electrode active material for secondary battery, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the same |
| PCT/JP2001/003223 WO2001080337A1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-16 | Positive electrode active material for secondary cell, method for producing the same and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising the same |
| CNB018010008A CN1209834C (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-16 | Positive electrode active material for secondary battery, method for producing same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing same |
| EP01921848A EP1251575A1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-16 | Positive electrode active material for secondary cell, method for producing the same and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising the same |
| US10/009,534 US6916578B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-16 | Positive electrode active material for secondary cell, method for producing the same and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000342359 | 2000-11-09 | ||
| JP2000342359 | 2000-11-09 | ||
| JP2000-342359 | 2000-11-09 | ||
| JP2001106822A JP5034141B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-04-05 | Positive electrode active material for secondary battery, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002208399A JP2002208399A (en) | 2002-07-26 |
| JP2002208399A5 JP2002208399A5 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
| JP5034141B2 true JP5034141B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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| JP5428125B2 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2014-02-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same |
| JP6631842B2 (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Oxidation catalyst and method for producing iron compound particles |
| EP3408023B1 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2024-03-20 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Homogeneously dispersed multimetal oxy-hydroxide catalysts |
| CN112117452B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2023-07-28 | 中伟新材料股份有限公司 | Positive electrode material coating agent and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery positive electrode material, lithium ion battery and electric equipment |
| CN114613938B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-11-12 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Positive electrode sheet, battery, and electronic device |
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| JPH0719622B2 (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1995-03-06 | 工業技術院長 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JPH0719621B2 (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1995-03-06 | 工業技術院長 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JPH10233215A (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-09-02 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Cathode active material for lithium batteries |
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