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JP5036271B2 - Zirconia conductive sintered body - Google Patents
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JP5036271B2 - Zirconia conductive sintered body - Google Patents

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JP5036271B2
JP5036271B2 JP2006281545A JP2006281545A JP5036271B2 JP 5036271 B2 JP5036271 B2 JP 5036271B2 JP 2006281545 A JP2006281545 A JP 2006281545A JP 2006281545 A JP2006281545 A JP 2006281545A JP 5036271 B2 JP5036271 B2 JP 5036271B2
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徹郎 福原
宏司 大西
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Nikkato Corp
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Description

本発明は、静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を有し、かつ機械的特性及び耐摩耗性に優れ、かつ低温領域の熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体に関する。
なお、静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性とは、一般に体積固有抵抗が10〜10Ω・cmの領域である。体積固体抵抗が10Ω・cmを下回る場合は材料に帯電した電荷は導電体と接触することによって、瞬時に除電されてしまい、放電が発生してしまう恐れがあり、また体積固体抵抗が10Ω・cmを越える場合は絶縁体に近くなり、材料に帯電した電荷は導電体と接触しても除電されず、材料に電荷が残留してしまう。したがって、体積固有抵抗が10〜10Ω・cmのとき、丁度静電気除去・帯電防止のレベルとして好適である。
The present invention relates to a zirconia conductive sintered body having electrical conductivity at a level of static elimination and antistatic, excellent in mechanical properties and wear resistance, and excellent in thermal stability in a low temperature region.
The electrical conductivity at the level of static elimination / antistatic is generally a region having a volume resistivity of 10 6 to 10 9 Ω · cm. When the volume solid resistance is less than 10 6 Ω · cm, the electric charge charged on the material may be instantaneously removed by contact with the conductor to cause discharge, and the volume solid resistance is 10 If it exceeds 9 Ω · cm, it becomes close to an insulator, and the charge charged on the material is not removed even if it comes into contact with the conductor, and the charge remains in the material. Therefore, when the volume resistivity is 10 6 to 10 9 Ω · cm, it is suitable as a level of static electricity removal and antistatic.

構造部品材料として使用されているアルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、炭化珪素等を主成分とするセラミックス焼結体は、高強度でかつ高硬度を有するとともに、耐食性に優れることから様々な分野で使用されているが、特に優れた機械的強度や摺動特性が要求されるような用途ではジルコニア焼結体が用いられており、とりわけYを主安定化剤として添加したジルコニア質焼結体は、その靱性、強度等の機械的特性が他のセラミックスに比べて優れており、この特性を利用して、工業用刃物やダイス、ノズル及びベアリング等の機械構造材料製品の開発が盛んに行われている。 Ceramic sintered bodies mainly composed of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc. used as structural component materials are used in various fields because they have high strength, high hardness, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, zirconia sintered bodies are used in applications where particularly excellent mechanical strength and sliding characteristics are required, and in particular, zirconia sintered bodies to which Y 2 O 3 is added as a main stabilizer. Mechanical properties such as toughness and strength are superior to other ceramics, and using these properties, mechanical structural material products such as industrial blades, dies, nozzles and bearings are actively developed. It has been broken.

近年、急速な情報通信の発展に伴い、半導体・液晶デバイスは益々高性能化しており、製造工程中で発生する静電気による不良などが大きな問題となり、半導体・液晶デバイスの製造機器部品及び製造工程で使用される治工具やハードディスク軸受け部品に静電気除去・帯電防止可能な電気導電性を有するジルコニア質導電性焼結体が採用されるケースが増加している。   In recent years, with the rapid development of information and communications, semiconductor and liquid crystal devices have become more and more sophisticated, and defects due to static electricity generated during the manufacturing process have become a major problem. Increasingly, zirconia conductive sintered bodies having electrical conductivity capable of removing static electricity and preventing static charge are used in jigs and hard disk bearing parts used.

従来、絶縁体であるジルコニアに静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を発現させた焼結体の例としては特許文献1〜2が挙げられる。特許文献1には、ジルコニアに粒子径が0.2〜0.8μmの酸化チタンを添加し、Ar等の不活性ガス雰囲気中で還元焼成することにより、体積固有抵抗が10〜1011Ω・cmの静電気除去・帯電防止可能なジルコニア焼結体が開示されており、さらに特許文献2にはジルコニア焼結体に極少量の導電性物質をナノレベル、分子レベルまたは原子レベルで制御した高強度導電性ジルコニア焼結体が開示されており、両者ともジルコニアマトリックス本来の機械的特性及び耐食性を犠牲にすることなく、静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を付与したものである。
しかしながら、これらのジルコニア質焼結体は従来のジルコニア質焼結体と同じく、常温での強度には優れているものの、100〜300℃の低温領域での長期熱エージングに対し、熱安定性が悪く、強度劣化が起こりやすいだけでなく、電気導電性が低下し、静電気除去・帯電防止ができなくなるという欠点がある。この原因は、ジルコニア質焼結体の結晶相のうち、常温では準安定相である正方晶が安定相である単斜晶に相転移し、この相転移に伴う体積膨張が焼結体内に微小亀裂を発生させることに起因しており、特にこれらのジルコニア質焼結体はTiがジルコニア結晶粒内へ均一に固溶しているのではなく、ジルコニア結晶粒子内の粒界近傍のTi濃度が高い固溶形態であり、不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、ジルコニア及び酸化チタンが還元されて酸素欠損を有し、マトリックスの導電性を発現させているため、ジルコニアの結晶相は不安定であり、従来のジルコニア質焼結体よりも熱安定性が悪く、この欠点が一層顕著になる。また、特許文献2にはAlを0.05〜3重量%(焼結体全体に対する%)添加することによって、微構造の均一化及びZrOの粒界強化効果があり、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性等の機械的特性を向上させることができると開示されているが、Al添加量が3重量%を越えると導電性及び機械的特性が低下する問題があると指摘している。
Conventionally, Patent Documents 1 and 2 are cited as examples of sintered bodies in which zirconia, which is an insulator, exhibits electrical conductivity at a level of static elimination and antistatic. In Patent Document 1, titanium oxide having a particle diameter of 0.2 to 0.8 μm is added to zirconia, and reduction specific firing is performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, whereby the volume resistivity is 10 6 to 10 11 Ω.・ A zirconia sintered body capable of removing static electricity in cm and capable of preventing static electricity is disclosed. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a zirconia sintered body in which a very small amount of a conductive material is controlled at the nano level, molecular level or atomic level. High-strength conductive zirconia sintered bodies have been disclosed, both of which impart electrical conductivity at a level of static elimination and antistatic without sacrificing the original mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the zirconia matrix.
However, these zirconia sintered bodies, like the conventional zirconia sintered bodies, are excellent in strength at room temperature, but have thermal stability against long-term thermal aging in a low temperature region of 100 to 300 ° C. In addition, the strength is not only easily deteriorated, but also has a drawback in that the electrical conductivity is lowered, and it is impossible to remove static electricity and prevent electrification. The reason for this is that among the crystal phases of the zirconia sintered body, the tetragonal crystal, which is a metastable phase at room temperature, has changed to a monoclinic crystal, which is a stable phase, and the volume expansion associated with this phase transition is very small in the sintered body. In particular, these zirconia sintered bodies do not have Ti uniformly dissolved in the zirconia crystal grains, but the Ti concentration in the vicinity of the grain boundaries in the zirconia crystal grains. It is a high solid solution form. In reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere, zirconia and titanium oxide are reduced to have oxygen vacancies and express the conductivity of the matrix, so the crystalline phase of zirconia is unstable. Thus, the thermal stability is worse than that of the conventional zirconia sintered body, and this defect becomes more remarkable. Further, Patent Document 2 has an effect of homogenizing the microstructure and strengthening the grain boundary of ZrO 2 by adding 0.05 to 3% by weight of Al 2 O 3 (% with respect to the entire sintered body), and wear resistance Although it is disclosed that mechanical properties such as heat resistance and impact resistance can be improved, it is pointed out that if the amount of Al 2 O 3 added exceeds 3% by weight, there is a problem that conductivity and mechanical properties are deteriorated. is doing.

一方、ジルコニア質焼結体は乾式粉砕機用部材としての用途があるが、100〜300℃の低温領域における熱安定が悪いため、その耐摩耗性は乾式粉砕時の温度や湿度環境によって左右される問題がある。また、近年乾式粉砕時に発生する静電気は問題視されるようになってきており、粉砕効率の低下や静電気放電による事故の誘発などが懸念されている。   On the other hand, although the zirconia sintered body has a use as a member for a dry pulverizer, since its thermal stability in a low temperature region of 100 to 300 ° C. is poor, its wear resistance depends on the temperature and humidity environment at the time of dry pulverization. There is a problem. In recent years, static electricity generated at the time of dry pulverization has been regarded as a problem, and there are concerns about reduction of pulverization efficiency and induction of accidents due to electrostatic discharge.

ジルコニア質焼結体の機械的特性、耐摩耗性及び熱安定性を向上させる方法として、アルミナを添加した焼結体があり、特許文献3〜4が挙げられる。特許文献3にはAlを1〜60mol%添加し、かつ焼結助剤としてMn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu及びZnからなる遷移金属酸化物をZrとAlとの合計に対する原子比が0.01〜1%添加したジルコニア質焼結体が開示されており、特許文献4にはAlを5〜50重量%添加し、成形体を1200〜1650℃で予備焼結し、かつ予備焼結体を温度1300〜1650℃及びガス圧力100〜2000kg/cmでHIP(熱間静水圧プレス)処理したジルコニア質焼結体が開示されているが、両者とも電気導電性を付与することができない。さらに、両者とも熱安定性の向上を目的としたジルコニア質焼結体の開示であるが、あくまでAlを添加し、かつ大気中もしくは酸素分圧中で焼成することによって得られる焼結体の特性であって、Ar等の不活性ガス雰囲気中で還元焼成すると、Alを添加することで焼結性が低下してしまい、機械的特性が低下するだけでなく、Alがジルコニアの結晶相の安定化に寄与せず、逆に熱安定性が悪くなるという問題がある。 As a method for improving the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and thermal stability of a zirconia sintered body, there is a sintered body to which alumina is added, and Patent Documents 3 to 4 are cited. In Patent Document 3, Al 2 O 3 is added in an amount of 1 to 60 mol%, and a transition metal oxide composed of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn is added as a sintering aid to an atomic ratio with respect to the sum of Zr and Al. Zirconia sintered body with 0.01 to 1% added is disclosed. In Patent Document 4, 5 to 50% by weight of Al 2 O 3 is added, and the compact is pre-sintered at 1200 to 1650 ° C. In addition, there is disclosed a zirconia sintered body obtained by subjecting a pre-sintered body to HIP (hot isostatic pressing) at a temperature of 1300 to 1650 ° C. and a gas pressure of 100 to 2000 kg / cm 2 , both of which have electrical conductivity. Cannot be granted. Furthermore, both are disclosures of a zirconia sintered body for the purpose of improving the thermal stability, but sintering obtained by adding Al 2 O 3 and firing in the atmosphere or oxygen partial pressure. When it is reduced and fired in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, the addition of Al 2 O 3 deteriorates the sinterability and mechanical properties, and Al 2 There is a problem that O 3 does not contribute to the stabilization of the crystal phase of zirconia, and conversely, the thermal stability is deteriorated.

特開2003−261376号公報JP 2003-261376 A 特開2005−206421号公報JP 2005-206421 A 特開昭62−7667号公報JP-A-62-2667 特開平3−80153号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-80153

本発明の目的は、静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を有し、かつジルコニア質焼結体特有の優れた機械的特性及び耐摩耗性を有し、かつ100〜250℃の低温領域での熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is to have an electric conductivity of a level of static elimination and antistatic, an excellent mechanical property and wear resistance unique to a zirconia sintered body, and in a low temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. An object of the present invention is to provide a zirconia conductive sintered body having excellent thermal stability.

静電気除去・帯電防止可能な電気導電性および低温領域における優れた熱安定性という両方の特性をいずれも満足させようとして、「従来のZrOにAlを添加することで熱安定性を向上させた焼結体」と「TiOをZrOの結晶粒界に偏析させることによって電気導電性を発現させた焼結体」の2つの技術を単に組み合わせても、前記両方の特性を満足した焼結体は得られない。
その理由は、不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、TiOは酸素欠損により、電気導電性を担うものの、ZrOの正方晶を不安定化させる要因となり、一方AlはZrOの焼結性を低下させ、ZrOの正方晶を安定化させる効果が低下してしまうだけでなく、ZrO結晶粒界にAl結晶粒子が存在することにより、電気導電性を低下させる要因となるためである。また、TiOとAlは反応化合物であるAlTiOを容易に生成しやすく、機械的特性及び電気導電性を低下させる要因となってしまうからである。
そこで、本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねてきた結果、Y/ZrOモル比を制御し、TiO含有量及びAl含有量を所定のAl/TiOモル比に制御し、Alの結晶粒径、焼結体全体の結晶粒径、結晶相並びに気孔率を制御することによって、Ar等の不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、焼結性及び電気導電性を制御することができ、ジルコニア特有の優れた機械的特性及び耐摩耗性を保持することができ、ZrOの正方晶を安定化させることができることを見出し、ここに静電気除去・帯電防止が可能でありながら、優れた機械的特性及び耐摩耗性を有し、かつ低温領域における熱安定性に優れた本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体を得ることに成功したものである。
In order to satisfy both the characteristics of electrical conductivity that can eliminate static electricity and prevent electrification, and excellent thermal stability in the low temperature region, “Addition of Al 2 O 3 to conventional ZrO 2 improves thermal stability. Even if the two technologies of “Improved sintered body” and “Sintered body that exhibits electrical conductivity by segregating TiO 2 to the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 ” are simply combined, both of the above characteristics are satisfied. Such a sintered body cannot be obtained.
The reason is that in reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere, although TiO 2 is responsible for electrical conductivity due to oxygen deficiency, it becomes a factor destabilizing the tetragonal crystal of ZrO 2 , while Al 2 O 3 is responsible for ZrO 2. Not only lowers the effect of stabilizing the tetragonal crystal of ZrO 2 but also reduces the electrical conductivity due to the presence of Al 2 O 3 crystal grains at the ZrO 2 crystal grain boundary. This is because it becomes a factor. In addition, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 easily generate Al 2 TiO 5 which is a reaction compound, which causes a decrease in mechanical characteristics and electrical conductivity.
Therefore, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have controlled the Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio and set the TiO 2 content and the Al 2 O 3 content to a predetermined Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 mol. By controlling the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 , the crystal grain size of the entire sintered body, the crystal phase and the porosity by controlling the ratio, sintering in reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar It has been found that the ZrO 2 tetragonal crystal can be stabilized, and the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance unique to zirconia can be maintained.・ Succeeded in obtaining the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention that has excellent mechanical properties and abrasion resistance and excellent thermal stability in a low temperature region while being capable of preventing antistatic. is there.

即ち、本発明の第1は、(a)ZrOの結晶相が主として正方晶系からなり、(b)YをY/ZrOモル比が2/98〜5/95の範囲で含有し、(c)Tiを酸化物換算で4〜10重量%含有し、(d)Alを5〜30重量%含有し、(e)かつAl/TiOモル比が3/5〜25/5の範囲で含有するジルコニア質焼結体であって、(f)焼結体の平均結晶粒径が1μm以下、(g)かつ焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径が1μm以下、(h)焼結体中の気孔率が2%以下、(i)室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が10〜1010Ω・cm、(j)大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で500時間熱エージングした後の室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下、であることを特徴とする耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体に関する。 That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, (a) the crystal phase of ZrO 2 is mainly tetragonal, and (b) Y 2 O 3 has a Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio of 2/98 to 5/95. (C) 4 to 10% by weight of Ti in terms of oxide, (d) 5 to 30% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , (e) and Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 A zirconia sintered body containing a molar ratio of 3/5 to 25/5, wherein (f) the sintered body has an average crystal grain size of 1 μm or less, (g), and Al 2 in the sintered body. The crystal grain size of O 3 is 1 μm or less, (h) the porosity in the sintered body is 2% or less, (i) the volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature is 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm, (j) The volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature after thermal aging in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. in the atmosphere for 500 hours is 10 10 Ω · cm or less. The present invention relates to a zirconia conductive sintered body having excellent wear resistance and thermal stability.

以下に本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体が充足すべき各要件について詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, each requirement to be satisfied by the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention will be described in detail.

(a)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体のZrOの結晶相が主として正方晶系ジルコニアからなる点について
ジルコニア質焼結体に単斜晶系ジルコニアが大量に含有しているとその結晶周辺に微細なクラックが生じ、応力が負荷されるとこの微細なクラックを起点として微小破壊が起こり、摩擦、衝撃、圧壊等に対する抵抗性が低下するので好ましくない。一方、立方晶系ジルコニアを大量に含有していると結晶粒径が大きくなり、機械的特性の低下が起こり、耐摩耗性等の低下が起こるため好ましくない。
(A) Regarding the point that the crystalline phase of ZrO 2 of the zirconia-based conductive sintered body of the present invention is mainly composed of tetragonal zirconia If the zirconia-based sintered body contains a large amount of monoclinic zirconia, its crystal If fine cracks are generated in the periphery and stress is applied, microfracture occurs starting from these fine cracks, and resistance to friction, impact, crushing, etc. is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if a large amount of cubic zirconia is contained, the crystal grain size becomes large, the mechanical properties are lowered, and the wear resistance and the like are lowered.

なお、本発明においては、ジルコニアの結晶相である単斜晶系ジルコニア(M)の存在の有無及び含有量、正方晶系ジルコニア(T)及び立方晶系ジルコニア(C)の量については以下の方法でX線回折により求めることができる。即ち、焼結体及び加工した焼結体製品の表面は応力誘起相変態により正方晶系ジルコニアから単斜晶系ジルコニアに変態しており、真の結晶相を同定することができないので、焼結体表面を鏡面にまで研磨し、X線回折により、回折角27〜34度の範囲で測定し、単斜晶系ジルコニアの有無及び含有量を下記で示した式から求めることができる。

Figure 0005036271
また、正方晶系ジルコニア及び立方晶系ジルコニアは、単斜晶系ジルコニアの有無を確認した方法と同様にして、X線回折により、回折角70〜77度の範囲で測定し、次式により求める。
Figure 0005036271
Figure 0005036271
〔式中、I(400)は立方晶系ジルコニア回折ピーク(400)のピーク高さ、I(400)及び(004)は、それぞれ正方晶系ジルコニア回折ピーク(400)及び(004)のピーク高さを示す。〕

なお、本発明においては上記X線回折から求められる正方晶系ジルコニア含有量(T)は85容積%以上であることが好ましく、また立方晶系ジルコニア含有量(C)は10容積%まで、好ましくは5容積%まで、単斜晶ジルコニアの含有量(M)は5容積%まで、好ましくは3容積%まで、それぞれ許容することができる。 In the present invention, the presence and content of monoclinic zirconia (M), which is a zirconia crystal phase, and the amounts of tetragonal zirconia (T) and cubic zirconia (C) are as follows. It can be determined by X-ray diffraction by the method. That is, the surface of the sintered body and the processed sintered body product is transformed from tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia by stress-induced phase transformation, and the true crystalline phase cannot be identified. The body surface is polished to a mirror surface, measured by X-ray diffraction in a diffraction angle range of 27 to 34 degrees, and the presence and content of monoclinic zirconia can be determined from the formulas shown below.
Figure 0005036271
In addition, tetragonal zirconia and cubic zirconia are measured in the diffraction angle range of 70 to 77 degrees by X-ray diffraction in the same manner as the method for confirming the presence or absence of monoclinic zirconia, and obtained by the following formula. .
Figure 0005036271
Figure 0005036271
[Wherein I C (400) is the peak height of the cubic zirconia diffraction peak (400), and I T (400) and (004) are the tetragonal zirconia diffraction peaks (400) and (004), respectively. Indicates the peak height. ]

In the present invention, the tetragonal zirconia content (T) determined from the X-ray diffraction is preferably 85% by volume or more, and the cubic zirconia content (C) is preferably up to 10% by volume, preferably Up to 5% by volume and monoclinic zirconia content (M) up to 5% by volume, preferably up to 3% by volume.

(b)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体のY/ZrOモル比が2/98〜5/95である点について、
本発明においては、Y/ZrOモル比は2/98〜5/95、好ましくは2.5/97.5〜4/96である。通常ZrO原料中に少量含有することのあるHfOが混入していてもよく、このHfO量を含めたZrOとHfOの合計量をZrO量とする。なお、HfOの含有量の上限の目安は3重量%である。
/ZrOモル比が2/98未満の場合には焼結体中の単斜晶系ZrO量が増加し、焼結体内部にクラックが発生して、粉砕機用部材として負荷のかかる状態ではクラックが伸展し、割れや欠けが発生し、その結果耐摩耗性の低下をきたすので好ましくない。一方、Y/ZrOモル比が5/95を越えると正方晶系ZrO量が低下し、立方晶系ZrO量が増加し、機械的特性が低下するので好ましくない。
(B) About the point that Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is 2/98 to 5/95,
In the present invention, the Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio is 2/98 to 5/95, preferably 2.5 / 97.5 to 4/96. Usually it may have HfO 2 that may contain minor amounts to ZrO 2 in the raw material mixed, the total amount of ZrO 2 and HfO 2, including the HfO 2 amount and ZrO 2 amount. In addition, the standard of the upper limit of the content of HfO 2 is 3% by weight.
When the Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio is less than 2/98, the amount of monoclinic ZrO 2 in the sintered body increases, cracks are generated inside the sintered body, In a state where a load is applied, the crack extends and cracks and chips are generated, resulting in a decrease in wear resistance. On the other hand, if the molar ratio of Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 exceeds 5/95, the amount of tetragonal ZrO 2 decreases, the amount of cubic ZrO 2 increases, and the mechanical properties decrease, which is not preferable.

なお、Y含有量のうち30モル%までは、他の稀土類酸化物の1種または2種以上で置換したものも用いることができる。このような稀土類酸化物としては、CeO、Nd、Yb、Dy等が安価な点で好ましい。 In addition, up to 30 mol% of the Y 2 O 3 content, those substituted with one or more of other rare earth oxides can also be used. As such rare earth oxides, CeO 2 , Nd 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , Dy 2 O 3 and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of inexpensiveness.

(c)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体がTiを酸化物換算で4〜10重量%含有している点について、
本発明においては、Tiを酸化物換算で4〜10重量%、好ましくは4〜8重量%含有していることが必須であり、Tiはジルコニア結晶粒子に固溶及び結晶粒子内の粒界近傍に偏析し、さらにAr等の不活性ガス雰囲気中で還元焼成することで酸素欠損が起こり、電気導電性が発現する。Tiが酸化物換算で4重量%未満の場合は、体積固有抵抗が大きくなり、静電気除去・帯電防止ができなくなるので好ましくない。一方、不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、Tiが酸化物換算で10重量%を越える場合は、結晶粒径が大きくなるために正方晶の安定化が低下し、熱安定性が悪くなるだけでなく、機械的特性及び耐摩耗性が低下し、また体積固有抵抗が小さくなるため、静電気が一気に逃げやすくなり、大気摩擦による超高電圧の放電が発生する恐れがあるので好ましくない。静電気除去スピードは、通常帯電圧が半減するまでの時間(半減期)で示されるが、本発明においては、この半減期を0.05〜2秒間程度、特に0.1〜2秒間程度とすることが好ましい。この測定方法は、基準電位となるアルミホイールの上にセラミックスなどの絶縁体を置き、その上にジルコニア質導電性焼結体(φ90×5mm)をのせ、ジルコニア質導電性焼結体に1000Vの電圧をかけ、電圧をかけた後、ジルコニア質導電性焼結体とアース間の電圧を測定し、その電圧(帯電電圧)が印加電圧の50%、500Vになるまでの時間を求めるものである。
(C) Regarding the point that the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention contains 4 to 10% by weight of Ti in terms of oxides,
In the present invention, it is essential that Ti is contained in an amount of 4 to 10% by weight in terms of oxide, preferably 4 to 8% by weight. Ti is a solid solution in the zirconia crystal particles and in the vicinity of the grain boundary in the crystal particles. In addition, oxygen deficiency occurs due to reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, and electrical conductivity is exhibited. When Ti is less than 4% by weight in terms of oxide, the volume resistivity is increased, and static electricity removal / antistatic prevention cannot be performed, which is not preferable. On the other hand, in the reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere, when Ti exceeds 10% by weight in terms of oxide, the crystal grain size becomes large, so the stabilization of tetragonal crystal decreases and the thermal stability deteriorates. In addition, the mechanical properties and wear resistance are reduced, and the volume resistivity is reduced. Therefore, static electricity easily escapes at a stretch, and an ultrahigh voltage discharge due to atmospheric friction may occur. The static elimination speed is usually indicated by the time until the charged voltage is halved (half-life). In the present invention, this half-life is set to about 0.05 to 2 seconds, particularly about 0.1 to 2 seconds. It is preferable. In this measuring method, an insulator such as ceramics is placed on an aluminum wheel serving as a reference potential, a zirconia conductive sintered body (φ90 × 5 mm) is placed on the insulator, and 1000 V is applied to the zirconia conductive sintered body. After applying the voltage, the voltage between the zirconia conductive sintered body and the ground is measured, and the time until the voltage (charging voltage) reaches 50% of the applied voltage and 500 V is obtained. .

(d)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体がAlを5〜30重量%含有している点について、
本発明においては、Al量は5〜30重量%、好ましくは10〜20重量%であるが、本発明の目的とする焼結体を得るためには、後述するようにAl量を所定のAl/TiOモル比の範囲に収め、かつ焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径を1μm以下とすることでAl添加の効果が得られる。AlはZrO結晶粒界にAl結晶粒子として存在するだけでなく、ZrO結晶粒界及び粒界近傍に偏析し、微構造の均一化に効果があるだけでなく、ZrO結晶粒界の強化効果があり、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性等の機械的特性を優れたものとし、かつZrO結晶粒子の粒成長を抑制すると同時に、正方晶から単斜晶への転移を抑制するので、ZrOの熱安定性を増大させる作用を奏する。Alが5重量%未満の場合は、Alの効果が不十分であり、30重量%を越える場合にはZrO結晶粒界に偏析するAl濃度が高くなり、かつAl結晶粒子が多く存在するため、電気導電性の低下だけでなく、著しく焼結性及び機械的特性が低下するため、ジルコニア本来の機械的強度や摺動特性が失われるので好ましくない。
(D) Regarding the point that the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention contains 5 to 30% by weight of Al 2 O 3 ,
In the present invention, Al 2 O 3 amount is 5 to 30 wt%, preferably at 10 to 20 wt%, to obtain a sintered body which is an object of the present invention, Al 2 O, as described below The effect of adding Al 2 O 3 can be obtained by keeping 3 amounts in a predetermined Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio range and making the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body 1 μm or less. . Al 2 O 3 not only exists in the ZrO 2 crystal grain boundary as Al 2 O 3 crystal grain, but also segregates in the ZrO 2 crystal grain boundary and in the vicinity of the grain boundary, and has an effect on uniformizing the microstructure, ZrO 2 grain boundary strengthening effect, excellent mechanical properties such as wear resistance, impact resistance and the like, while suppressing grain growth of ZrO 2 crystal grains, at the same time from tetragonal to monoclinic Since the transition is suppressed, the effect of increasing the thermal stability of ZrO 2 is achieved. When Al 2 O 3 is less than 5% by weight, the effect of Al 2 O 3 is insufficient, and when it exceeds 30% by weight, the Al concentration segregating at the ZrO 2 crystal grain boundary becomes high, and Al 2 Since many O 3 crystal particles are present, not only the electrical conductivity is lowered, but also the sinterability and mechanical properties are remarkably lowered, so that the original mechanical strength and sliding properties of zirconia are lost, which is not preferable.

(e)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体のAl/TiOモル比が3/5〜25/5である点について、
本発明においては、TiO:4〜10重量%、Al:5〜30重量%の範囲にあって、Al/TiOモル比が3/5〜25/5、好ましくは4/5〜20/5であるが、本発明の目的とする焼結体を得るためには、後述するように焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径を1μm以下にすることが必須条件である。本発明においては不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、単にTiOとAlを所定量含有していても、「静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を有し、かつ優れた機械的特性及び耐食性を有し、かつ低温領域の熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体」は得られない。しかしながら、TiO:4〜10重量%、Al:5〜30重量%の範囲にあって、かつ、Al/TiOモル比が所定の範囲内であれば、TiOはZrOに対して焼結助剤として十分寄与し、かつAl含有による機械的特性及び耐摩耗性の低下を抑制することができると同時に、Alが微構造の均一性を高め、かつ相乗効果としてZrOの正方晶を安定化させることができる。すなわち、不活性ガス雰囲気中での還元焼成において、焼結性及び電気導電性を制御し、かつZrOの正方晶を安定化させるためには、ZrOに対するTiOとAlの添加量が所定量である必要があり、かつAl/TiOモル比を制御することによって本発明の「静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を有し、かつ機械的特性、耐摩耗性及び低温領域の熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体」を得ることができる。
Al/TiOモル比が3/5未満の場合は、Alによる微構造の均一化効果が不十分であり、ZrOの正方晶を安定化させる効果は得られず、熱安定性に優れた焼結体が得られないので好ましくない。一方、Al/TiOモル比が25/5を越えると、TiOによる焼結助剤の効果が不十分となり、焼結性が低下することによって、AlによるZrOの正方晶安定化効果が低下し、熱安定性に優れた焼結体が得られないだけでなく、機械的特性が低下し、ジルコニア本来の機械的強度や摺動特性が失われてしまうため、好ましくない。
(E) the points Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio of zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is 3 / 5-25 / 5,
In the present invention, TiO 2 : 4 to 10% by weight, Al 2 O 3 : 5 to 30% by weight, Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio is 3/5 to 25/5, preferably 4/5 to 20/5, but in order to obtain the sintered body targeted by the present invention, the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body should be 1 μm or less as described later. It is a necessary condition. In the present invention, in the reduction firing in the inert gas atmosphere, even if the TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are simply contained in a predetermined amount, the “electrostatic removal / antistatic level of electrical conductivity and excellent A “zirconia conductive sintered body” having mechanical properties and corrosion resistance and excellent thermal stability in a low temperature region cannot be obtained. However, TiO 2: 4 to 10 wt%, Al 2 O 3: in the range of 5 to 30 wt%, and, if Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio is within a predetermined range, TiO 2 is sufficiently serve as a sintering aid relative to ZrO 2, and at the same time it is possible to suppress a decrease in mechanical properties and wear resistance due to Al 2 O 3 content, Al 2 O 3 is the homogeneity of the microstructure As a synergistic effect, ZrO 2 tetragonal crystals can be stabilized. That is, in the reduction firing in an inert gas atmosphere, to control the sinterability and electrical conductivity, and in order to stabilize the tetragonal ZrO 2, the addition of TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 with respect to ZrO 2 The amount must be a predetermined amount, and by controlling the Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio, the present invention has “electrostatic removal / antistatic level electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, wear resistance” And a zirconia conductive sintered body excellent in heat resistance and thermal stability in a low temperature region can be obtained.
When the Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio is less than 3/5, the effect of homogenizing the microstructure by Al 2 O 3 is insufficient, and the effect of stabilizing the tetragonal crystal of ZrO 2 cannot be obtained. Since a sintered body excellent in thermal stability cannot be obtained, it is not preferable. On the other hand, when the Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio exceeds 25/5, the effect of the sintering aid by TiO 2 becomes insufficient, and the sinterability is lowered, so that ZrO 2 by Al 2 O 3 is reduced. Not only does the effect of stabilizing the tetragonal crystal decrease and a sintered body excellent in thermal stability cannot be obtained, but also the mechanical properties decrease, and the original mechanical strength and sliding properties of zirconia are lost. It is not preferable.

(f)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体の焼結体の平均結晶粒径が1μm以下である点について、
本発明において、焼結体の平均結晶粒径は1μm以下であることを必須とし、好ましくは0.5μm以下である。焼結体の平均結晶粒径が1μmを越える場合には、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性等の機械的特性が低下するだけでなく、正方晶ジルコニアの熱安定性が低下するため、好ましくない。なお、平均結晶粒径の下限は0.2μm程度までである。焼結体の平均結晶粒径は、焼結体表面を鏡面まで研磨し、次いで熱エッチングもしくは化学エッチングを施した後、走査電子顕微鏡で観察してインターセプト法により10点測定した平均値とする。算出式は下記の通りである。なお、インターセプト法は、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察によって得られた写真について、任意にひいた直線の単位長さあたりの粒子の数を求め、これから粒子一個あたりの平均の粒子長さを求め、その1.5倍を平均粒径とする方法であって、セラミックスの結晶粒径を測定する一般的な方法である。

Figure 0005036271
D:平均結晶粒径(μm)
n:長さL当たりの結晶粒子数
L:測定長さ(μm) (F) About the point that the average crystal grain size of the sintered body of the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is 1 μm or less,
In the present invention, the average crystal grain size of the sintered body is essential to be 1 μm or less, preferably 0.5 μm or less. When the average crystal grain size of the sintered body exceeds 1 μm, it is not preferable because not only mechanical properties such as wear resistance and impact resistance are lowered, but also the thermal stability of tetragonal zirconia is lowered. The lower limit of the average crystal grain size is about 0.2 μm. The average crystal grain size of the sintered body is an average value obtained by polishing the surface of the sintered body to a mirror surface and then performing thermal etching or chemical etching, then observing with a scanning electron microscope and measuring 10 points by the intercept method. The calculation formula is as follows. The intercept method calculates the number of particles per unit length of an arbitrarily drawn straight line for a photograph obtained by observation with a scanning electron microscope, and calculates the average particle length per particle from this, This is a general method for measuring the crystal grain size of ceramics by 1.5 times the average grain size.
Figure 0005036271
D: Average crystal grain size (μm)
n: Number of crystal grains per length L
L: Measurement length (μm)

(g)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体の焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径が1μm以下である点について、
本発明において、焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径は1μm以下であることを必須とし、好ましくは0.5μm以下である。TiOはZrO結晶粒内及び粒界近傍に偏析し、不活性雰囲気中での還元焼成によって酸素欠損し、導電パスを形成しているが、通常Al結晶粒子がZrOの結晶粒界に存在すると、導電パスが分断されるため、Al量が3重量%を越えると、Al量が増加すると共に電気導電性は低下する傾向にある。しかしながら、TiOはAlの結晶粒界に偏析しやすいため、Alの結晶粒径を小さくすることによって、Al結晶粒子がZrOの結晶粒界に存在しても導電パスが分断されず、電気導電性の低下を抑制することができ、むしろAlが存在することによって、TiのZrOへの固溶が抑制され、結晶粒界に偏析するTiO濃度が高くなり、電気導電性を若干向上させることが可能である。Alの結晶粒径が1μmを越える場合には、粗大なAl結晶粒子がZrO結晶粒界に存在することにより、Al量が多くなるほど導電パスが分断され、電気導電性は低下し、さらにAl量が多くなるとTiOとの反応化合物であるAlTiOを生成し、電気導電性の低下だけでなく機械的特性の低下を招くため、前述したような特定のAl含有量でかつAl/TiOモル比を特定の範囲内に制御しても、「静電気除去・帯電防止レベルの電気導電性を有し、かつ優れた機械的特性及び耐食性を有し、かつ低温領域の熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体」は得られないので、好ましくない。さらに、本発明焼結体の主成分であるZrOに対し、Alを均一に分散させることによって、電気導電性の低下を抑制し、かつ高強度、高硬度で、かつ熱安定性に優れた焼結体が得られる。なお、Alの結晶粒径の下限は0.2μm程度までである。
焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径は、焼結体表面を鏡面まで研磨し、次いで熱エッチングもしくは化学エッチングを施した後、走査電子顕微鏡で観察し、Al結晶粒子100個の長径と短径の平均値を算出し、その平均値とする。
(G) About the point that the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body of the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is 1 μm or less,
In the present invention, the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body is essential to be 1 μm or less, and preferably 0.5 μm or less. TiO 2 segregates in the ZrO 2 crystal grains and in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, and is oxygen deficient by reduction firing in an inert atmosphere to form a conductive path. Usually, Al 2 O 3 crystal grains are ZrO 2 crystals. When present at the grain boundary, the conductive path is divided. Therefore, when the Al 2 O 3 content exceeds 3% by weight, the Al 2 O 3 content increases and the electrical conductivity tends to decrease. However, TiO 2 because easy to segregate at the grain boundaries of Al 2 O 3, by reducing the crystal grain size of the Al 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3 crystal grains present in the grain boundaries of the ZrO 2 However, the conductive path is not divided, and the decrease in electrical conductivity can be suppressed. Rather, the presence of Al 2 O 3 suppresses solid solution of Ti in ZrO 2 and segregates at the grain boundaries. 2 The concentration is increased, and the electrical conductivity can be slightly improved. When the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 exceeds 1 μm, the presence of coarse Al 2 O 3 crystal grains at the ZrO 2 crystal grain boundary causes the conductive path to be divided as the amount of Al 2 O 3 increases, The electrical conductivity is lowered, and when the amount of Al 2 O 3 is increased, Al 2 TiO 5 which is a reaction compound with TiO 2 is generated, and not only the electrical conductivity is lowered but also the mechanical properties are lowered. Even when the specific Al 2 O 3 content and the Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio are controlled within a specific range, the “electrostatic removal / antistatic level of electrical conductivity and excellent In addition, a zirconia conductive sintered body having excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance and excellent thermal stability in a low temperature region cannot be obtained, and therefore, this is not preferable. Further, by uniformly dispersing Al 2 O 3 with respect to ZrO 2 which is the main component of the sintered body of the present invention, it is possible to suppress a decrease in electrical conductivity and to have high strength, high hardness, and thermal stability. An excellent sintered body can be obtained. The lower limit of the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 is up to about 0.2 [mu] m.
Crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body were polished surface of the sintered body to a mirror, and then was subjected to thermal etching or chemical etching, and observed with a scanning electron microscope, Al 2 O 3 crystal grains 100 The average value of the major axis and the minor axis is calculated and used as the average value.

(h)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体の焼結体中の気孔率が2%以下である点について、
本発明において、焼結体中の気孔率は2%以下、好ましくは1%以下である。言い換えれば、気孔はない方がよい。気孔率が2%を越える場合には焼結体の気孔が増加し、電気導電性の低下及び機械的特性が低下するだけでなく、粒子が脱粒しやすくなるため、耐摩耗性の低下を招き、さらに焼結体中に湿気が入り込むため、ジルコニアの正方晶の安定化が低下し、熱安定性が悪くなるため好ましくない。
(H) About the point that the porosity in the sintered body of the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is 2% or less,
In the present invention, the porosity in the sintered body is 2% or less, preferably 1% or less. In other words, it is better not to have pores. When the porosity exceeds 2%, the pores of the sintered body increase, which not only lowers the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, but also causes the particles to easily fall, resulting in a decrease in wear resistance. Further, since moisture enters the sintered body, the stabilization of tetragonal crystals of zirconia is lowered, and the thermal stability is deteriorated, which is not preferable.

(i)本発明の室温におけるジルコニア質導電性焼結体の体積固有抵抗が10〜1010Ω・cmである点について、
本発明において、室温での焼結体の体積固有抵抗は10〜1010Ω・cm、好ましくは10〜10Ω・cmである。体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cmを越える場合には静電気除去・帯電防止に効果がないので好ましくない。一方、体積固有抵抗が10Ω・cm未満の場合は導電性が高すぎてしまい、静電気を一気に除去してしまうため、大気摩擦によって超高電圧の放電が発生する恐れがあるので好ましくない。なお、体積固有抵抗はφ20×2mmに加工したサンプルの両面に電極を施し、高抵抗計を用いて極性反転法にてバイアス電圧50V、バイアス電圧印加時間15秒/サイクル(プラス方向に電圧を15秒間、マイナス方向に15秒間かける操作を1サイクルとするものである)、極性反転サイクル数4回/測定(本操作を4回繰り返す)の条件で測定し、抵抗値の読み取りは、電圧をかけて15秒後の抵抗の絶対値を読み取り、1サイクルあたりプラス方向とマイナス方向に2回抵抗の絶対値が読み取れるので、2回×4サイクル=8回で、8回の抵抗の絶対値を平均して、その平均値から体積固有抵抗を算出した。
(I) About the point that the volume specific resistance of the zirconia conductive sintered body at room temperature of the present invention is 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm,
In the present invention, the volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature is 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm, preferably 10 7 to 10 9 Ω · cm. When the volume resistivity exceeds 10 10 Ω · cm, it is not preferable because it is ineffective for removing static electricity and preventing electrification. On the other hand, if the volume resistivity is less than 10 6 Ω · cm, the conductivity is too high and the static electricity is removed at once, which is not preferable because an ultrahigh voltage discharge may occur due to atmospheric friction. In addition, the volume resistivity is formed by applying electrodes on both sides of a sample processed to φ20 × 2 mm, and using a high resistance meter with a bias voltage of 50 V and a bias voltage application time of 15 seconds / cycle (a voltage of 15 in the positive direction). 1 cycle for the operation for 15 seconds in the minus direction for 2 seconds), the measurement is performed under the condition of the number of polarity inversion cycles 4 times / measurement (this operation is repeated 4 times), and the resistance value is read by applying a voltage. The absolute value of the resistance after 15 seconds is read, and the absolute value of the resistance can be read twice in the positive and negative directions per cycle. Then, the volume resistivity was calculated from the average value.

(j)本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体が、大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で500時間熱エージングした後の室温における体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下である点について、
本発明において、大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で焼結体を500時間熱エージングした後の室温における体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下、好ましくは10Ω・cm以下である。下限は、ほぼ10Ω・cmである。焼結体を体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cmを越える場合には静電気除去・帯電防止に効果がないので好ましくない。なお、本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体は大気中熱エージングすることにより、エージング前よりも室温での体積固有抵抗が低下する(電気導電性が高くなる)ことはない。体積固有抵抗の測定はφ20×2mmに加工したサンプルを乾燥機の中で大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で500時間熱エージングした後、室温まで炉冷し、前述と同様の方法により算出した。
(J) Regarding the point that the volume resistivity at room temperature after the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is thermally aged in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. in the atmosphere for 500 hours is 10 10 Ω · cm or less,
In the present invention, the volume resistivity at room temperature after thermal aging of the sintered body for 500 hours in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. in the atmosphere is 10 10 Ω · cm or less, preferably 10 9 Ω · cm or less. The lower limit is approximately 10 6 Ω · cm. If the sintered body has a volume resistivity exceeding 10 10 Ω · cm, it is not preferable because it has no effect on static electricity removal and antistatic. The zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention does not have a lower volume specific resistance at room temperature (higher electrical conductivity) than before aging due to thermal aging in the atmosphere. The volume resistivity was measured by heat aging a sample processed to φ20 × 2 mm in a dryer in the air at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C. for 500 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and calculating by the same method as described above. did.

本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体は曲げ強さ(k)が700MPa以上であり、かつ大気中、室温においてアランダム(電融アルミナ粉末)をブラスト材とし、30分間サンドブラストを行った時の摩耗体積(l)が1cm以下である。曲げ強さが700MPa未満の場合には、かけや割れ等が発生しやすくなり、例えば構造部材及び耐摩耗部材への用途として好ましくない。また、摩耗体積が1cmを越える場合には、サンドブラストに対する耐摩耗性は不十分であり、例えば乾式粉砕器用部材への用途として好ましくない。なお、曲げ強さは3×4×50mmに切断・加工した焼結体をJIS R1601に従って測定した。一方、サンドブラストによる耐摩耗試験の条件はブラスト材:アランダム(ホワイトアブラックスWA36)、距離35mm、噴射角度:80°、噴射圧:0.15MPa、ブラスト材噴射量:600g/分、噴射時間30分とし、サンドブラスト後の摩耗重量/焼結体の密度から摩耗体積を算出した。 The zirconia conductive sintered body according to the present invention has a bending strength (k) of 700 MPa or more, and when the air blast material is made of alundum (fused alumina powder) at room temperature in the atmosphere, and sandblasting is performed for 30 minutes. The wear volume (l) is 1 cm 3 or less. When the bending strength is less than 700 MPa, cracks and cracks are likely to occur, which is not preferable for use as, for example, a structural member or an abrasion resistant member. On the other hand, when the wear volume exceeds 1 cm 3 , the wear resistance against sand blasting is insufficient, which is not preferable for use as a member for a dry pulverizer, for example. In addition, bending strength measured the sintered compact cut | disconnected and processed to 3x4x50mm according to JISR1601. On the other hand, the conditions of the abrasion resistance test by sandblasting are as follows: blasting material: alundum (white ablacks WA F 36), distance 35 mm, spraying angle: 80 °, spraying pressure: 0.15 MPa, blasting material spraying amount: 600 g / min, spraying The wear volume was calculated from the wear weight after sandblasting / the density of the sintered body, with a time of 30 minutes.

本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体の製造方法の一例を下記に示すが、本方法にとらわれることはない。
本発明では、液相法により精製したジルコニア粉末を使用することが好ましい。即ち、ZrOとYの含有量が所定のモル比となるようにジルコニウム化合物(例えばオキシ塩化ジルコニウム)の水溶液とイットリウム化合物(例えば塩化イットリウム)の水溶液を均一に混合し、加水分解し、水和物を得、脱水、乾燥させた後、500〜1000℃で仮焼し、Y、Al、SiO以外の不純物の少ない仮焼ジルコニア粉体を得る方法が採用される。
Although an example of the manufacturing method of the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is shown below, it is not limited to this method.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use zirconia powder purified by a liquid phase method. That is, an aqueous solution of a zirconium compound (for example, zirconium oxychloride) and an aqueous solution of an yttrium compound (for example, yttrium chloride) are uniformly mixed and hydrolyzed so that the content of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 is a predetermined molar ratio. , After obtaining hydrate, dehydrating and drying, calcining at 500-1000 ° C. to obtain calcined zirconia powder with less impurities other than Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 Is done.

Alの添加は前記ジルコニア仮焼粉体の粉砕、分散時に酸化物の形態で添加あるいは熱分解して、残存させることができる水酸化物、炭酸化物等の形態で添加してもよい。なお、添加するAlの粒子径は0.5μm以下、好ましくは0.4μm以下を用いることが必要である。Alの粒子径が0.5μmを越える場合には、焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径が1μm以上となり、焼結性が低下し、ZrO結晶粒界にAlの粗大粒子が存在し、機械的特性の低下及び電気導電性の低下をきたすので好ましくない。 Al 2 O 3 may be added in the form of hydroxide, carbonate, or the like that can be added or thermally decomposed in the form of an oxide during pulverization and dispersion of the zirconia calcined powder. . The particle diameter of Al 2 O 3 to be added should be 0.5 μm or less, preferably 0.4 μm or less. If the particle size of Al 2 O 3 is greater than the 0.5μm, the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body becomes more 1 [mu] m, the sintering property is lowered, Al 2 to ZrO 2 grain boundaries Coarse particles of O 3 are present, which is not preferable because it causes a decrease in mechanical properties and a decrease in electrical conductivity.

Ti成分の添加は、前記ジルコニア仮焼粉体の粉砕、分散時にTiO、Ti、TiO等のチタン酸化物の形態で所定量添加する。なお、添加するチタン酸化物粉体粒子径は100nm以下、好ましくは50nm以下の粉体を用いることが必要である。あるいは熱分解して残存させることのできる水酸化物、有機金属化合物(例えばチタンテトラnブトキシド、チタンテトライソブトキシドなど)等の形態で添加しても良い。チタン酸化物粉体粒子が100nmを越える場合には、ジルコニア質焼結体中でのTi成分の不均一性が大きくなり、体積固有抵抗が高くなるだけでなく、機械的特性の低下を招くので好ましくない。 The Ti component is added in a predetermined amount in the form of titanium oxide such as TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , and TiO when the zirconia calcined powder is pulverized and dispersed. In addition, it is necessary to use a powder having a titanium oxide powder particle diameter of 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less. Alternatively, it may be added in the form of hydroxide, organometallic compound (for example, titanium tetra-n butoxide, titanium tetraisobutoxide, etc.) that can be thermally decomposed and remain. If the titanium oxide powder particles exceed 100 nm, the non-uniformity of the Ti component in the zirconia sintered body will increase, and not only will the volume resistivity increase, but also mechanical properties will be reduced. It is not preferable.

仮焼ジルコニア粉体は湿式により粉砕、分散し、平均粒子径が0.5μm、好ましくは0.4μm以下にする。平均粒子径が0.5μmを越える場合には焼結性が低下し、機械的特性が低下するので好ましくない。   The calcined zirconia powder is pulverized and dispersed by a wet process so that the average particle size is 0.5 μm, preferably 0.4 μm or less. When the average particle diameter exceeds 0.5 μm, the sinterability is lowered and the mechanical properties are lowered, which is not preferable.

粉砕、分散したスラリーは必要により公知の成形助剤(ワックスエマルジョン、PVA、アクリル系樹脂等)を加え、スプレードライヤー等の公知の方法で乾燥させて成形粉体を得る。   If necessary, a known molding aid (wax emulsion, PVA, acrylic resin, etc.) is added to the pulverized and dispersed slurry and dried by a known method such as a spray dryer to obtain a molded powder.

得られた成形粉体を用いて、公知の成形方法、例えばプレス成形、ラバープレス成形、CIP(冷間等方圧成形)等の方法により、所定の形状に成形し、Ar等の不活性ガス雰囲気中で1250〜1650℃、好ましくは1300〜1500℃で焼成することで、本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体とする。1250℃より低いと緻密化が十分でなく、焼結体の気孔率が大きくなり、導電性を発現させることができないだけでなく、機械的特性の低下を招くため、好ましくない。一方、1650℃を越えると結晶粒径が大きくなり、立方晶ジルコニアが増加し、機械的特性及び摩耗特性の低下を招くため、好ましくない。さらに、必要に応じてHIP処理を施すことにより、摩擦、衝撃、圧壊に対する抵抗性を高くすることができ、機械的特性の向上、さらには耐摩耗性の向上ができる。HIP処理は常圧焼成後、不活性ガス雰囲気下にて1000kgf/cm以上の圧力とし、1600℃以下で行うことが望ましい。 Using the obtained molded powder, it is molded into a predetermined shape by a known molding method such as press molding, rubber press molding, CIP (cold isostatic pressing), etc., and inert gas such as Ar By firing at 1250 to 1650 ° C., preferably 1300 to 1500 ° C. in an atmosphere, the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention is obtained. When the temperature is lower than 1250 ° C., the densification is not sufficient, the porosity of the sintered body is increased, and not only the conductivity cannot be exhibited, but also the mechanical characteristics are deteriorated, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1650 ° C., the crystal grain size increases, cubic zirconia increases, and mechanical properties and wear properties are deteriorated. Furthermore, by performing HIP treatment as necessary, resistance to friction, impact, and crushing can be increased, and mechanical characteristics and abrasion resistance can be improved. The HIP treatment is desirably performed at 1600 ° C. or less after firing at normal pressure, under a pressure of 1000 kgf / cm 2 or more in an inert gas atmosphere.

本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体は、従来の導電性ジルコニア焼結体と同様に静電気除去・帯電防止可能なレベルの電気導電性を有し、かつジルコニア焼結体の特性を生かしつつ、100〜250℃の低温領域における熱安定性に優れており、従来の静電気除去・帯電防止が必要となる産業用耐摩耗構造材だけでなく、乾式粉砕機用部材等の局所的に熱的な負荷が連続して加わるような環境、特に湿潤雰囲気での静電気対策用途にも広く利用できるものである。   The zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention has a level of electrical conductivity that enables static electricity removal and prevention of charge similarly to the conventional conductive zirconia sintered body, and taking advantage of the characteristics of the zirconia sintered body, It has excellent thermal stability in the low temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C., and is not only locally resistant to industrial wear-resistant structural materials that require static electricity removal and antistatic, but also locally thermal such as members for dry crushers. It can be widely used for static electricity countermeasures in an environment where a load is continuously applied, particularly in a humid atmosphere.

以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited at all by these Examples.

実施例1〜12、比較例1〜13
実施例1〜12及び比較例1〜11は純度99.5%のオキシ塩化ジルコニウムと純度99.9%の硝酸イットリウムをを用いてZrOとYの含有量が表1の組成となるように水溶液の形で混合した。次にこの水溶液を加熱環流下で加水分解し、Yが固溶した水和ジルコニウムの沈殿物を生成させ、脱水、乾燥し、500〜1000℃で1時間仮焼し、得られたジルコニア粉体を湿式にて粉砕、分散した。Tiは、一次粒子径20nmの酸化チタン粉体の形で、得られた仮焼粉体の粉砕、分散時に所定量添加した。Alは、粒子径0.3μmのAl粉体の形で、得られた仮焼粉体の粉砕、分散時に所定量を添加混合した。
また、比較例12はAlを添加せず、比較例13は粒子径1μmのAlを用いて、前述の手法により作製した。
Examples 1-12, Comparative Examples 1-13
Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 are composed of zirconium oxychloride having a purity of 99.5% and yttrium nitrate having a purity of 99.9%, and the contents of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 are as shown in Table 1. The mixture was mixed in the form of an aqueous solution. Next, this aqueous solution was hydrolyzed under heating reflux to produce a precipitate of hydrated zirconium in which Y 2 O 3 was dissolved, dehydrated and dried, and calcined at 500 to 1000 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain Zirconia powder was pulverized and dispersed by a wet process. Ti was added in a predetermined amount in the form of titanium oxide powder having a primary particle diameter of 20 nm when the obtained calcined powder was pulverized and dispersed. Al 2 O 3 was added and mixed in a predetermined amount during pulverization and dispersion of the obtained calcined powder in the form of Al 2 O 3 powder having a particle diameter of 0.3 μm.
In Comparative Example 12, Al 2 O 3 was not added, and in Comparative Example 13, Al 2 O 3 having a particle diameter of 1 μm was prepared by the method described above.

次いで得られたスラリーを乾燥、整粒し、成形用粉体とした。この成形用粉体を成形圧1tonf/cmでCIP(冷間等方圧成形)により板状に成形した。得られた成形体を、カーボン発熱体の焼成炉で、黒鉛ルツボを用いて1200〜1600℃においてAr雰囲気中で2時間常圧焼成し、焼結体を得た。なお、実施例6、実施例12、及び比較例3、比較例6は常圧焼成後、さらにAr雰囲気中、1200kgf/cmにおいて1.5時間HIP処理を行った。得られた焼結体の特性を表1に示す。また、実施例5、実施例7、及び比較例7、比較例9について、表3に静電気除去スピードとして、半減期(帯電圧が半減するまでの時間)を測定した結果を示す。
なお、半減期が0.05秒を下回る場合には、時間に対する電圧の減衰が速く、瞬時に除電されてしまうため、放電が発生する恐れがあり、半減期が2秒を越える場合には、時間に対する電圧の減衰が遅く、除電に時間がかかり過ぎるため、静電気除去・帯電防止の用途に適さないため、好ましくない。
体積固有抵抗は、φ20×2mmに加工したサンプルの両面に電極を施し、高抵抗計を用いて極性反転法にてバイアス電圧50V、バイアス電圧印加時間15秒/サイクル(プラス方向に電圧を15秒間、マイナス方向に15秒間かける操作を1サイクルとするものである)、極性反転サイクル数4回/測定(本操作を4回繰り返す)の条件で測定した。抵抗値の読み取りは、電圧をかけて15秒後の抵抗の絶対値を読み取り、1サイクルあたりプラス方向とマイナス方向に2回抵抗の絶対値が読み取れるので、2回×4サイクル=8回で、8回の抵抗の絶対値を平均して、その平均値から体積固有抵抗を算出した。
曲げ強さは3×4×50mmに切断・加工したサンプルを用いてJIS R1601に従って各10本測定し、その平均値を求めた。
大気中熱エージング処理はφ20×2mmに加工したサンプルを100〜250℃で乾燥機中にて500時間保持し、炉冷により室温まで温度を下げた。その後、前述と同様の方法により、体積固有抵抗を求めた。
摩耗体積はサンドブラストによる耐摩耗試験に従って測定した。なお、サンドブラストによる耐摩耗試験の条件は大気中、室温においてブラスト材:アランダム(ホワイトアブラックスWA36)、距離35mm、噴射角度:80°、噴射圧:0.15MPa、ブラスト材噴射量:600g/分、噴射時間30分とし、サンドブラスト後の摩耗重量/焼結体の密度から摩耗体積を算出した。
半減期は、基準電位となるアルミホイールの上にセラミックスなどの絶縁体を置き、その上にφ90×5mmに加工したサンプルをのせ、サンプルに1000Vの電圧をかけ、電圧をかけた後、サンプルとアース間の電圧を測定し、その電圧(帯電電圧)が印加電圧の50%、500Vになるまでの時間を測定した。
Subsequently, the obtained slurry was dried and sized to obtain a molding powder. This molding powder was molded into a plate shape by CIP (cold isostatic pressing) at a molding pressure of 1 tonf / cm 2 . The obtained formed body was fired at normal pressure in an Ar atmosphere at 1200 to 1600 ° C. using a graphite crucible in a carbon heating element firing furnace to obtain a sintered body. In addition, Example 6, Example 12, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 6 were subjected to HIP treatment for 1.5 hours at 1200 kgf / cm 2 in an Ar atmosphere after firing under normal pressure. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the obtained sintered body. Moreover, about Example 5, Example 7, and Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 9, Table 3 shows the results of measuring the half-life (time until the charged voltage is halved) as the static electricity removal speed.
In addition, when the half-life is less than 0.05 seconds, the voltage decays rapidly with respect to time, and since the charge is instantaneously removed, there is a risk of discharge, and when the half-life exceeds 2 seconds, Since voltage decay with respect to time is slow and it takes too much time for static elimination, it is not preferable because it is not suitable for static electricity removal and antistatic use.
The volume resistivity is obtained by applying electrodes on both sides of a sample processed to φ20 × 2 mm, and using a high resistance meter with a bias voltage of 50 V and a bias voltage application time of 15 seconds / cycle (plus the voltage in the positive direction for 15 seconds) The operation for 15 seconds in the minus direction is one cycle), and the number of polarity reversal cycles was 4 times / measurement (this operation was repeated 4 times). The resistance value is read by reading the absolute value of the resistance 15 seconds after applying the voltage, and the absolute value of the resistance can be read twice in the positive and negative directions per cycle, so 2 times × 4 cycles = 8 times, The absolute value of the resistance of 8 times was averaged, and the volume resistivity was calculated from the average value.
Ten bending strengths were measured according to JIS R1601 using samples cut and processed to 3 × 4 × 50 mm, and the average value was obtained.
In the atmospheric heat aging treatment, a sample processed to φ20 × 2 mm was held in a dryer at 100 to 250 ° C. for 500 hours, and the temperature was lowered to room temperature by furnace cooling. Thereafter, the volume resistivity was determined by the same method as described above.
The abrasion volume was measured according to the abrasion resistance test by sandblasting. The conditions of the abrasion resistance test by sandblasting were as follows: blasting material: alundum (white ablacks WA F 36), distance 35 mm, spraying angle: 80 °, spraying pressure: 0.15 MPa, blasting material spraying amount: The wear volume was calculated from the wear weight after sandblasting / the density of the sintered body, with 600 g / min and jetting time of 30 minutes.
The half-life is determined by placing an insulator such as ceramics on an aluminum wheel serving as a reference potential, placing a sample processed to φ90 × 5 mm on it, applying a voltage of 1000 V to the sample, applying the voltage, The voltage between the grounds was measured, and the time until the voltage (charging voltage) reached 50% of the applied voltage and 500 V was measured.

Figure 0005036271
Figure 0005036271

Figure 0005036271
Figure 0005036271

Figure 0005036271
Figure 0005036271

以上の結果から、本発明のジルコニア質導電性焼結体は、曲げ強さが700MPa以上の高強度であり、焼結体の体積固有抵抗が10〜1010Ω・cmとなり、また大気中100〜250℃の低温領域で500時間熱エージング処理を行なった後、室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下となり、静電気除去・帯電防止が可能な導電性を有しており、また大気中、室温においてアランダムをブラスト材とし、30分間サンドブラストを行った時の摩耗体積が1cm以下であることが明らかである。 From the above results, the zirconia conductive sintered body of the present invention has a high bending strength of 700 MPa or more, a volume specific resistance of the sintered body of 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm, and in the atmosphere. After heat aging treatment for 500 hours in a low temperature region of 100 to 250 ° C., the volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature becomes 10 10 Ω · cm or less, and it has conductivity capable of removing static electricity and preventing electrification. In addition, it is clear that the wear volume is 1 cm 3 or less when sand blasting is performed for 30 minutes using alundum as a blasting material in the atmosphere at room temperature.

本発明の実施態様は、下記のとおりである。
(1)(a)ZrOの結晶相が主として正方晶系からなり、(b)YをY/ZrOモル比が2/98〜5/95の範囲で含有し、(c)Tiを酸化物換算で4〜10重量%含有し、(d)Alを5〜30重量%含有し、(e)かつAl/TiOモル比が3/5〜25/5の範囲で含有するジルコニア質焼結体であって、(f)焼結体の平均結晶粒径が1μm以下、(g)焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径が1μm以下、(h)焼結体中の気孔率が2%以下、(i)室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が10〜1010Ω・cm、(j)大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で500時間熱エージングした後の室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下、であることを特徴とする耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体。
(2)(k)曲げ強さが700MPa以上である前項(1)記載の耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体。
(3)(l)大気中、室温においてアランダムをブラスト材とし、30分間サンドブラストを行ったときの摩耗体積が1cm以下である前項(1)または(2)記載の耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体。
(4)ZrOとYの含有量が、Y/ZrOモル比で2/98〜5/95の範囲になるように、ジルコニウム化合物とイットリウム化合物とを均一に混合し、加水分解して水和物を得、これを仮焼して仮焼ジルコニアとし、これを粉砕、分散する時点で、粒子径0.5μm以下のAl粒子と、粒子径100nm以下のチタン酸化物粒子とを、Alが5〜30重量%、Tiが酸化物換算で4〜10重量%となるように配合して成形粉体を形成し、これを成形、焼成することを特徴とする前項(1)〜(3)いずれか記載の耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体の製法。
Embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
(1) (a) the crystal phase of ZrO 2 mainly comprises a tetragonal system, and (b) Y 2 O 3 is contained in a Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio in the range of 2/98 to 5/95, (C) 4 to 10% by weight of Ti in terms of oxide, (d) 5 to 30% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , (e) and an Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio of 3/5 A zirconia sintered body contained in a range of ˜25 / 5, wherein (f) the average crystal grain size of the sintered body is 1 μm or less, and (g) the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body is 1 μm or less, (h) porosity in sintered body of 2% or less, (i) volume resistivity of sintered body at room temperature is 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm, (j) 100 to 250 ° C. in air The volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature after thermal aging in the temperature range for 500 hours is 10 10 Ω · cm or less. A zirconia conductive sintered body with excellent wear resistance and thermal stability.
(2) (k) The zirconia conductive sintered body having excellent wear resistance and thermal stability as described in (1) above, wherein the bending strength is 700 MPa or more.
(3) (l) Abrasion resistance and thermal stability as described in (1) or (2) above, wherein the wear volume is 1 cm 3 or less when sandblasting is performed for 30 minutes using alundum at room temperature in the atmosphere. Highly conductive zirconia conductive sintered body.
(4) A zirconium compound and an yttrium compound are uniformly mixed so that the content of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 is in a range of 2/98 to 5/95 in terms of a Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio. Then, hydrolysis is performed to obtain a hydrate, which is calcined to obtain calcined zirconia, and when this is pulverized and dispersed, Al 2 O 3 particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or less and particles having a particle size of 100 nm or less are obtained. Titanium oxide particles are blended so that Al 2 O 3 is 5 to 30% by weight and Ti is 4 to 10% by weight in terms of oxide to form a molded powder, which is molded and fired A process for producing a zirconia conductive sintered body having excellent wear resistance and thermal stability according to any one of (1) to (3) above.

Claims (1)

(a)ZrOの結晶相が主として正方晶系からなり、(b)YをY/ZrOモル比が2/98〜5/95の範囲で含有し、(c)Tiを酸化物換算で4〜10重量%含有し、(d)Alを5〜30重量%含有し、(e)かつAl/TiOモル比が3/5〜25/5の範囲で含有するジルコニア質焼結体であって、(f)焼結体の平均結晶粒径が1μm以下、(g)焼結体中のAlの結晶粒径が1μm以下、(h)焼結体中の気孔率が2%以下、(i)室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が10〜1010Ω・cm、(j)大気中100〜250℃の温度範囲内で500時間熱エージングした後の室温における焼結体の体積固有抵抗が1010Ω・cm以下、であることを特徴とする耐摩耗性及び熱安定性に優れたジルコニア質導電性焼結体。 (A) The crystal phase of ZrO 2 is mainly composed of tetragonal system, (b) Y 2 O 3 is contained in a Y 2 O 3 / ZrO 2 molar ratio in the range of 2/98 to 5/95, (c) 4 to 10% by weight of Ti in terms of oxide, (d) 5 to 30% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , (e) and an Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 molar ratio of 3/5 to 25 / A zirconia sintered body contained in a range of 5, wherein (f) the average crystal grain size of the sintered body is 1 μm or less, (g) the crystal grain size of Al 2 O 3 in the sintered body is 1 μm or less, (H) The porosity in the sintered body is 2% or less, (i) the volume specific resistance of the sintered body at room temperature is 10 6 to 10 10 Ω · cm, and (j) in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. in the atmosphere. The volume resistivity of the sintered body at room temperature after thermal aging for 500 hours is 10 10 Ω · cm or less. A zirconia conductive sintered body with excellent wear and thermal stability.
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