JP5048261B2 - Window structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a window structure in which a window member is fixed to a window opening of a building, and particularly to a window structure suitable for earthquake resistance and the like.

  With the recent collapse of houses due to large earthquakes, attention has been focused on taking earthquake resistance measures for buildings such as houses. For example, in a wooden building generally used in a detached house, the minimum value of the total wall amount of the building is defined by the Building Standard Law. Therefore, openings such as windows and doorways of houses are designed within a range that satisfies the minimum value of the total wall amount.

  Focusing on the window of the house, a window with a large opening area such as a sweep window is often taken on the south wall of the house for daylighting in the house. On the other hand, the north wall of a house often has a small opening area such as a small window from the viewpoint of securing the total wall amount and preventing heat loss of the house.

  If attention is paid to the earthquake resistance of the house, it is preferable that the center of gravity and the rigidity of the house coincide. Here, the center of gravity is the center of the planar shape of the building, and the rigid center is the center of force against the horizontal force. The seismic force acts on the center of gravity of the house, and the house is deformed in the horizontal direction and rotates around the rigid center. Therefore, if the center of gravity and the rigid center are too far apart, the housing will be partially deformed and the structural members will be damaged. As a result, the yield strength of the housing will be reduced, and other parts will be subjected to seismic load. Concentrate, and in the worst case, may cause the collapse of the house.

  The discrepancy between the building's center of gravity and rigid center is defined by the eccentricity. The eccentricity is the ratio of the distance between the center of gravity and the rigid center to the torsional resistance. According to the Building Standard Law, the eccentricity of a wooden house is determined to be 0.3 or less, and it is generally said that a house having an eccentricity of 0.15 or less is particularly preferable.

  As described above, if a large opening is provided in the south wall of the house and a small opening is provided in the north wall, a large difference in the opening ratio occurs between the north and south walls. As a result, the center of gravity and the rigid center of the house are separated from each other, the eccentricity is increased, and the earthquake resistance performance of the house is deteriorated.

  Standards for the eccentricity of such buildings have been established in recent years, and wooden houses built before that do not necessarily satisfy the standards stipulated in the current Building Standards Law. . On the other hand, in order to improve the seismic performance of existing wooden houses, etc., renovation with seismic reinforcement work has been performed. In general, there are many seismic reinforcement works in which reinforcement hardware is attached to a connecting portion of a structural member such as a base, a pillar, or a beam of a house (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).

JP-A-8-226174 JP-A-6-288146 JP 2004-285817 A

  As described in Patent Document 1, if a reinforcing metal fitting having a staggered plate and a locking piece is attached to a window sill or window lintel, the wall material around the window opening is peeled off. It is necessary to expose the intersections of pillars, window stands, and window lintels, and it is necessary to attach reinforcing brackets to all of the intersections of pillars, window stands, and window lintels. There is a problem of becoming higher.

  As described in Patent Document 2, if a steel material is attached to each of a pillar, window stand, and window lintel surrounding the window opening, and the steel material portion is formed in a frame shape, the window opening for the steel material is provided. There is a problem that it becomes difficult to attach an existing window or a window of the same size due to a change in the size of the part. Moreover, since heat transfer occurs through the steel material, there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure heat insulation of the window opening.

  Patent Document 3 is a wooden seismic opening frame incorporated in a wooden frame devised by the present inventor. Since this wooden seismic opening frame is attached to the opening of an existing or new wooden building, the imbalance of the bearing walls can be eliminated and the seismic performance of the entire building can be improved. By attaching the wooden seismic opening frame to the existing window, the lighting is ensured as in the conventional case, and the shaft constituting the window is reinforced. However, as described above, when the wooden seismic opening frame is attached to the window opening, the size of the window opening is changed, which makes it difficult to attach an existing window or a window of the same size.

  The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and an object thereof is to provide a highly earthquake-resistant window structure that can be easily constructed in an existing building.

  The inventors of the present invention have studied the advantages and problems of Patent Document 3, which has been devised in detail, and have intensively studied. As a result, the inventors have completed the present invention described below.

(1) A window structure according to the present invention includes a window member having a polygonal annular window frame that matches a window opening of a building, and corner reinforcements attached to the polygonal annular corners of the window frame, respectively. And a member. The window frame includes a hollow frame material that forms each side of the polygonal ring, and a frame material reinforcing member that is provided in a hollow portion of the frame material and reinforces the frame material. The corner reinforcing member is attached to the window member via a fixture that penetrates from the corner reinforcing member to the frame reinforcing member.

  By attaching a corner reinforcing member to each corner of the polygonal annular window frame, the rigidity of the joint between the frame members constituting each side of the window frame is increased. The term “polygonal ring” means that the planar view of the annular window frame is a polygon such as a quadrangle. A window member having this window frame is attached to a window opening of a building. The horizontal force due to the earthquake is transmitted to the window frame from the pillars, window sill and window lintel. By increasing the rigidity of the window frame, the window member itself can resist the horizontal force caused by the earthquake, and the seismic performance of the wall in which the window opening is formed is improved.

  The frame material reinforcement member reinforces the frame material of the window frame and prevents the frame material from buckling when a horizontal force due to an earthquake is transmitted. Thereby, various members, such as a member made of a synthetic resin, can be used as the frame material of the window frame. In particular, when the window frame is made of a synthetic resin, it is possible to realize a light, highly airtight and heat insulating window.

(2) the corner reinforcing member, in the installed state, one of the front and back surfaces have to have a first fixing part capable of abutting against a flat plate shape member constituting the window opening, the first fixing portion In addition, a hole through which the fixture can be penetrated through the front and back surfaces may be formed.

(3) The corner reinforcing member has a flat plate-shaped second fixing portion fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the window frame, and the cross-sectional view in which the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are orthogonal to each other is L-shaped. A shape is preferred.

  (4) The frame material reinforcing member is preferably a tubular body having a shape matching the hollow portion of the frame material.

  As described above, according to the window structure according to the present invention, by increasing the rigidity of the window member itself, an effect similar to that in which the wall amount of the wall on which the window opening is formed is increased, and It becomes easy to bring the center of gravity and the rigid center close to each other. In addition, since the polygonal ring of the window frame is maintained against the horizontal force, an exit from the house in the event of an earthquake is secured. In particular, for an existing house, a large-scale construction such as peeling off most of the wall material around the window is unnecessary, and the effect of being able to fit into the existing window opening is exhibited.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In addition, this embodiment is only an example of this invention, and it cannot be overemphasized that embodiment can be changed suitably in the range which does not change the summary of this invention.

  FIG. 1 shows an external configuration of a window structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the window structure 1, a window member 2 and corner reinforcing members 3 attached to the four corners of the window member 2 are installed between two pillars 4 as a window base 5 and a window lintel 6 as horizontal members. Thus, it is attached to a window opening formed in a quadrangle. In the present embodiment, an opening for a window of a wooden house is described as an example, and the pillar 4, the window base 5 and the window lintel 6 are all formed of prismatic wood. However, the window opening according to the present invention is not limited to a combination of wood in a square shape. For example, if the window opening of a building is constituted by opening a wall material into a polygon, It may be what was done.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the corner reinforcing member 3 is attached to the window member 2, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of the corner reinforcing member 3. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. In FIG. 4, the window base 5, the window 21L, and the like are omitted.

  The window member 2 is attached to a window opening as a building window, and includes a window frame 20 and windows 21L and 21R. The window frame 20 is a quadrangular frame when viewed from the front, and four frame members 22 constituting each side of the quadrilateral are combined and fixed in a quadrangular shape. The frame member 22 is made of a vinyl chloride resin and is obtained by profile extrusion molding. The four corners where the ends of the frame member 22 are connected are bonded together by welding. The window frame 20 formed in this way is stored in the window opening. In the present embodiment, a frame into which the windows 21L and 21R are fitted is called a window frame. In the present embodiment, the window frame 20 is a so-called resin sash made of synthetic resin. However, the window frame according to the present invention is not limited to the one made of synthetic resin, and is other materials such as a so-called aluminum sash. Also good.

  The windows 21L and 21R are each provided with a support frame around a transparent member such as glass. The window 21 </ b> L is a fitting window and cannot be opened and closed with respect to the window frame 20. On the other hand, the window 21 </ b> R is an open window and is pivotally supported by a hinge 21 on the vertical frame member 21 of the window frame 20 so as to be opened and closed. In the present invention, a well-known and arbitrary structure is employed for the structure of the window. Therefore, in addition to the combination of the window and the outside window as shown in the present embodiment, the sliding window, the outside window, the inside window, the drape window, the window, the double window, the vertical sliding window, and the horizontal sliding window A window, a bay window, a vertical sliding window, a continuous window formed by any combination thereof, and the like may be employed. Moreover, glass, a synthetic resin, the composite_body | complex of glass and a resin film, double glass etc. may be employ | adopted for a transparent member.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the corner reinforcing member 3 is L-shaped when viewed from the front so as to match the four corners of the rectangular window frame 20. The corner reinforcing member 3 includes a first fixing portion 30 for fixing the window member 2 to the window opening, and a second fixing portion 31 for fixing to the outer peripheral surface of the window frame 20. The first fixing portion 30 is a flat plate having an L shape when viewed from the front, and through holes 32 through which fixing tools such as screws and nails are inserted are formed at predetermined intervals along the L shape. The through holes 32 are arranged in two rows, and screws or the like are inserted into the outer through holes 32 having an L shape when viewed from the front, and the screws are inserted into the columns 4, the window base 5, or the window lintel 6. Thus, the corner reinforcing member 3 is fixed to the window opening. Further, a screw or the like is inserted into the inner through-hole 32 having an L shape in front view so as to communicate with the frame member 22, and the screw is inserted into the column 4, the window base 5, or the window lintel 6. Thus, the corner reinforcing member 3 is fixed to the window frame 20 and the window opening.

  The second fixing portion 31 extends from the L-shaped inner edge of the first fixing portion 30 in the back direction substantially orthogonal to the first fixing portion 30. Therefore, the 1st fixing | fixed part 30 and the 2nd fixing | fixed part 31 have comprised L shape in the cross sectional view. The second fixing portion 31 is formed with through holes 33 at predetermined intervals through which a fixing tool such as a screw is inserted along the longitudinal direction thereof. As shown in FIG. 2, the corners of the L-shaped corners of the corner reinforcing member 3 are fitted so as to match the outside of the four corners of the window frame 20, and as shown in FIG. The corner reinforcing member 3 is fixed to the four corners of the window member 2 by inserting a screw or the like and penetrating the outer periphery of the window frame 20.

  The corner reinforcing member 3 is for increasing the rigidity of the four corners of the window member 2 and has a desired rigidity. Therefore, it is preferable that the corner reinforcing member 3 is made of a steel material such as iron, cast iron, stainless steel, carbon steel, tool steel, cast steel, or a material having high rigidity and toughness such as reinforced plastic. Which of these is used as the material of the corner reinforcing member 3 is determined in consideration of the strength and cost required for the corner reinforcing member 3 in order to give the window member 2 a desired rigidity.

  For example, when iron is used as the material of the corner reinforcing member 3, the thickness of the corner reinforcing member 3 may be about 3.2 to 6 mm in order to make the corner reinforcing member 3 have a strength of about 35000 to 40000N. Is preferred. Further, in order to make the window frame 20 have a strength of about 10,000 to 20000 N, the length of each side of the corner reinforcing member 3 in the L-shape in front view is set to the length in the longitudinal direction of the frame member 22 of the window frame 20. Is preferably about 1/10 to 1/4. The total length of the two corner reinforcing members 3 fixed to both ends (corners) of the frame member 22 with respect to the length of one frame member 22 in the longitudinal direction is approximately the length of the frame member 22 in the longitudinal direction. It is preferable to set it to about 1/5 to 1/2. In addition, the length of each side of the L-shaped front view of the corner reinforcing member 3 is preferably about 20 to 80 mm. These are determined in consideration of the earthquake resistance finally required for the window member 2.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the frame material reinforcing member 7 is provided on the frame material 22 of the window frame 20. In detail, as shown in the figure, the frame member 22 placed on the window sill 5 includes a base part 23 placed on the upper surface of the window sill 5 and an indoor surface part exposed toward the indoor side. 24, an outdoor surface portion 25 exposed toward the outdoor side, a window support portion 26 that supports the windows 21 </ b> L and 21 </ b> R, and a window ridge portion 27 connected to the lower end of the indoor surface portion 24.

  The base portion 23, the indoor surface portion 24, the outdoor surface portion 25, and the window support portion 26 form a hollow portion 28 as shown in the figure. The shape of the hollow portion 28 is not particularly limited, and may be a C-shape or a U-shape that is partially open, instead of a hollow portion that is completely surrounded by the frame member 22. Further, a through-hole 29 (see FIG. 2) is appropriately drilled in the window ridge portion 27 corresponding to the through-hole 32 inside the first fixing portion 30 of the corner reinforcing member 3.

  The frame material reinforcing member 7 is a tubular body that matches the hollow portion 28. That is, as shown in the figure, the frame member reinforcing member 7 is a tubular body having a quadrangular sectional view, and one side of the frame reinforcing member 7 is approximately the width of the base portion 23, that is, the distance between the indoor surface portion 24 and the outdoor surface portion 25. It is equivalent. Also. The length of the frame material reinforcing member 7 in the longitudinal direction is substantially equal to the length of the frame material 22 in the longitudinal direction. That is, the frame material reinforcing member 7 is provided over the longitudinal direction of the frame material 22. The frame material reinforcing member 7 increases the strength of the frame material 22 in the longitudinal direction, and prevents the frame material 22 from being buckled by a compressive force. Thereby, high rigidity is not requested | required for frame material 22 itself of the window frame 20, and various raw materials, such as a synthetic resin, can be used for the frame material 22. FIG. In particular, it is preferable to make the window frame 20 made of synthetic resin because a window having a light weight and high airtightness and heat insulation can be realized.

  As for the frame member 22 constituting the left and right sides and the upper side of the window frame 22, similarly to FIG. 4, the frame member reinforcing member 7 matching the hollow portion 28 is provided in the longitudinal direction of the frame member 22. . That is, the four frame member reinforcing members 7 are provided in each of the four frame members 22 forming the rectangular window frame 22. As the material of the frame reinforcing member 7, as in the corner reinforcing member 3, steel, such as iron, cast iron, stainless steel, carbon steel, tool steel, cast steel, or a material having high rigidity and toughness such as reinforced plastic is used. It is preferred to be used. In addition, stainless steel is preferable in view of rust prevention against condensation and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the corner reinforcing member 3 is fitted with the corners of the L shape in front view so as to match the outside of the four corners of the window frame 20, and as shown in FIG. The screws 8 inserted through the through holes 33 of 31 are inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the frame member 22, thereby being fixed to the four corners of the window member 2. The tip of the screw 8 penetrating into the frame member 22 protrudes into the hollow portion 28 and penetrates into the frame member reinforcing member 7. Thereby, the corner reinforcement member 3 is firmly fixed to the frame member 22. Further, the four frame member reinforcing members 7 provided on the frame member 22 forming each side of the rectangular window frame 20 and the corner reinforcing members 3 fixed to the four corners of the window frame 20 are rigidly joined. Thus, a so-called ramen structure is formed in the window frame 20. Thereby, the rigidity of the window frame 20 is improved.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the window member 2 whose rigidity is enhanced by the corner reinforcing member 3 and the frame reinforcing member 7 as described above is formed by the pillar 4, the window base 5, and the window lintel 6. It is inserted into the part. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the screw 9 inserted through the through hole 32 on the outer side (lower side in FIG. 5) of the first fixing portion 30 of the corner reinforcing member 3 is inserted into the window base 5, thereby The part reinforcing member 3 is fixed to the window base 5. Further, a screw 9 inserted through a through hole 32 on the inner side (upper side in FIG. 5) of the corner reinforcing member 3 from the through hole 29 of the window flange 27 of the frame member 22 is inserted into the window base 5. Thus, the frame member 22 and the corner reinforcing member 3 are fixed, and the corner reinforcing member 3 is fixed to the window base 5. Note that the corner reinforcing members 3 fixed to the other corners of the window member 2 are also fixed to the column 4, the window base 5 and the window lintel 6 in the same manner as in FIG. 5. Thereby, the window member 2 is fixed to the opening part for windows.

  When an earthquake occurs, the horizontal force due to the earthquake is transmitted from the column 4, the window base 5, and the window lintel 6 to the window frame 20 of the window member 2. As described above, since the rigidity of the window frame 20 is enhanced by the corner reinforcing member 3 and the frame material reinforcing member 7, the window member 2 itself can counter the horizontal force caused by the earthquake. Thereby, the seismic performance of the wall in which the window opening is formed is improved.

  As described above, according to the window structure 1 according to the present embodiment, by increasing the rigidity of the window member 2 itself, the same effect as when the wall amount of the wall in which the window opening is formed is increased. This makes it easy to bring the center of gravity of the building close to the rigid center. Thereby, a building with small eccentricity is realizable.

  Moreover, since the front-view square shape of the window frame 20 is maintained against the horizontal force caused by the earthquake, an exit from the house in the event of the earthquake is ensured.

  Moreover, when constructing the window structure 1, a large-scale construction such as peeling off most of the wall material around the window is unnecessary for an existing house. Therefore, it is possible to improve the earthquake resistance of the house by reducing the number of man-hours for the construction work and in a short period of time and at a low cost. It is also easy to carry out heat insulation construction.

  Furthermore, since this window structure 1 has substantially the same appearance as a conventional window having no earthquake resistance, there is no sense of incongruity for a resident of a house that has used the conventional window. Moreover, since the accommodation with respect to the opening part for existing windows is good, it is suitable for the earthquake-proof reinforcement construction of the existing house.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below. The window frame 20 was manufactured by deforming and extruding a vinyl chloride resin in a vertical and horizontal dimension of 1870 mm × 1695 mm. In the hollow portion of each frame member 22 of the window frame 20, a frame member reinforcing member 7 made of an iron wall having a thickness of 3.2 mm is disposed. Using this window frame 20, a window member 2, which is a continuous window composed of a fitting window and an external opening window, was produced. Furthermore, iron corner reinforcing members 3 having a size of 600 mm × 600 mm and a thickness of 3.2 mm are fixed to the four corners of the window member 2, and the corner reinforcing members 3 are installed in the window openings made of wood as shown in FIG. 6. The window structure 1 was produced by attaching the window member 2 via

  As shown in FIG. 6, this window structure 1 is evaluated by a wooden frame bearing wall test method and evaluation method based on Article 46, Paragraph 4, Table 1 (C) of the Building Standard Law Enforcement Ordinance. An in-plane shear test was performed. Thereby, in window structure 1, wall magnification 0.5 or more was obtained. The wall magnification represents the shearing performance of the bearing wall in the horizontal direction, and the wall magnification of the wall in which the window opening is formed is about 0.2 to 0.3. It can be seen that the shear performance in the horizontal direction of the wall in which the window opening is formed is greatly improved.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a window structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the corner reinforcing member 3 is attached to the window member 2. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of the corner reinforcing member 3. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a test state of a wooden frame bearing wall.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Window structure 2 ... Window member 3 ... Corner part reinforcement member 7 ... Frame material reinforcement member 8, 9 ... Screw (fixing tool)
20 ... Window frame 22 ... Frame member 30 ... First fixing part 31 ... Second fixing part

Claims (4)

A window member having a polygonal annular window frame that matches the window opening of the building ;
Corner reinforcing members attached to the polygonal annular corners of the window frame, respectively ,
The above window frame
A hollow frame material constituting each side of the polygonal ring;
Provided in the hollow portion of the frame material, and has a frame material reinforcing member for reinforcing the frame material,
The said corner reinforcement member is the window structure attached to the said window member through the fixing tool penetrated from the said corner reinforcement member to the said frame reinforcement member . The corner reinforcing member, in the installed state, one of the front and back surfaces have to have a first fixing part capable of abutting against a flat plate shape member constituting the window openings,
The window structure according to claim 1, wherein the first fixing portion is formed with a hole that penetrates the front and back surfaces and allows the fixing tool to pass therethrough . The corner reinforcing member has a flat plate-shaped second fixing portion fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the window frame, and has a L-shaped cross-sectional view in which the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are orthogonal to each other. The window structure according to claim 2. The window structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the frame member reinforcing member is a tubular body having a shape matching a hollow portion of the frame member.