JP5061047B2 - PV system tracking system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tracking system for a solar power generation device, and more specifically, solar position data is given for each place where the solar power generation device is installed, and the position data and the actual orientation of the solar cell panel are provided. The present invention also relates to a tracking system for a solar power generation apparatus capable of performing attitude control of a solar battery panel based on an elevation angle.

In recent years, global destruction of the environment has been widely debated, such as pollution caused by carbon dioxide accompanying the combustion of petroleum fuel and the like causing global warming.
Solar power generation devices that do not cause environmental destruction are attracting attention as alternative energy sources, and have already been installed and introduced in buildings, etc. in public institutions, companies, or ordinary households.
Patent Document 1 discloses a control method for tracking (tracking) sunlight based on the amount of solar radiation and the amount of power generation, and Patent Document 2 tracks sunlight by detecting the direction of solar radiation. A system has been proposed.
JP 2006-80455 A JP 2006-114634 A

In the tracking methods or systems disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the amount of solar radiation and the amount of power generation are the reference for control, and as long as the detection accuracy can be maintained, constant power generation according to changes in the position of the sun Is expected to do.
However, the driving amount for controlling the azimuth and elevation angle of the solar panel constituting the solar power generation device is constant, and the characteristic that the state of the sun changes varies depending on the season and time zone. It's hard to say.
For example, the time zone around several hours before and after south-central time (noon when the sun is at the highest position) is less than that of other times (hours after sunrise, hours before sunset). Since the azimuth change is small, displacing the solar cell panel at a constant angle regardless of the time has the disadvantage of wasting energy in the drive system for performing the displacement.
Moreover, since the measuring means such as a sunshine meter is exposed to a harsh environment, a fatal inconvenience that the displacement reference itself of the solar cell panel is lost when the measuring means fails. Invite you.
Therefore, the present inventor paid attention to the fact that the solar trajectory can be specified or grasped in advance for each latitude and longitude at the installation position of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus, and as a result of conducting various experiments, It was found that wasteful consumption of energy can be avoided.

[Object of the invention]
The present invention has been devised on the basis of the above-mentioned knowledge by paying attention to the above-mentioned disadvantages in the known tracking system, and the purpose thereof is to determine the position of the sun that can be specified in advance, that is, the azimuth and altitude. Of the solar power generation device that can achieve improvement or maintenance of power generation efficiency and energy saving by controlling the angle of the solar cell panel based on the position data, the actual orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel To provide a tracking system.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar cell panel, a support that supports the solar cell panel so as to be displaceable, a driving device that displaces the orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel, and the output of the solar cell panel. Integrating wattmeter to detect, detector to detect azimuth and elevation angle of solar battery panel, solar position data is preset and predetermined based on date, time, installation latitude and longitude of solar power generator In a tracking system for a photovoltaic power generation device including a controller for controlling
The controller reads out the position data at a predetermined timing, and changes the actual orientation of the solar cell panel given from the detector according to the difference between the elevation angle and the solar cell panel ,
Further, the controller determines whether or not the output value of the solar panel before the passage of the time in the south has exceeded the previous value, and when it is equal to or less than the previous value, the current elevation angle of the solar cell panel is maintained, While the solar cell panel is angularly displaced from the current azimuth to a predetermined angle at a position corresponding to the position data, the solar cell panel is further displaced to a position advanced by a half of the angular difference, while the output value is A configuration in which the solar cell panel is angularly displaced so that the azimuth and elevation are at a position advanced by a predetermined half of the current azimuth and current elevation when the azimuth and elevation are equal to or more than the previous value. Adopted.

The present invention also provides a solar cell panel, a support that supports the solar cell panel so that the solar cell panel can be displaced, a drive device that displaces the orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel, and an integrated wattmeter that detects the output of the solar cell panel And a detector that detects the azimuth and elevation angle of the solar cell panel, and a controller that performs predetermined control while preliminarily setting the solar position data based on the date, time, and the installation latitude and longitude of the solar power generation device In the tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation device including
The controller reads out the position data at a predetermined timing, and changes the actual orientation of the solar cell panel given from the detector according to the difference between the elevation angle and the solar cell panel,
Further, the controller determines whether or not the integrated output value of the solar cell panel after the elapse of the south-central time is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and maintains the current elevation angle of the solar cell panel when it is equal to or less than the predetermined value. Then, the solar cell panel is angularly displaced from the current azimuth to a predetermined angle that becomes the azimuth corresponding to the position data, and further, the solar cell panel is displaced to a position advanced by ½ of the angular difference, while the output When the integrated value is equal to or greater than the previous value, the solar cell panel is displaced so that the azimuth and elevation are at a predetermined position and a half of the predetermined angle with respect to the current azimuth and current elevation. The composition is taken.

According to the present invention, a controller having a function of preliminarily storing solar position data reads the position data, and the solar cell panel according to the difference between the actual orientation and the elevation angle of the solar cell panel given from the detector the from and configured to be angularly displaced, it is possible to perform tracking with excellent responsiveness to positional change of the sun, Ru can be performed generating precisely.
Also, when the output integrated value before lapse during culmination is less than the previous value, in a state in which the current maintains the elevation angle of the solar panel, in the configuration for displacing the solar panel at a predetermined angle advanced orientation, elevation It is possible to save power by not displacing. Here, when the output integrated value is less than or equal to the previous value, it is assumed that the sunlight is slightly cloudy, so that the power generation capacity is not affected even if the elevation angle is not displaced. Further, the azimuth is displaced from the current azimuth to the azimuth corresponding to the position data, and further, the solar cell panel is displaced to a position advanced by a half of the angle difference, for example, the azimuth and elevation angle of the solar cell panel. It is also possible to correct an accumulated error that may be caused by resetting the value of a detector such as an encoder that detects the error.
Incidentally, after lapse of time of culmination, when the output integrated value at the time of culmination is less than a predetermined value, even Ru can be achieved power saving of drive power when the configuration for angular displacement of the solar cell panel in a horizontal position .

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a block configuration diagram of a tracking system for a photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus. In these figures, the solar power generation device 10 includes a solar cell panel 12 in which a large number of solar cell modules are arranged vertically and horizontally in a frame F to form a solar cell array, a support 13 that supports the solar cell panel 12, An integrated wattmeter 14 comprising an inverter display for detecting the output of the solar cell panel 12 and the output integrated value, a wind speed sensor 15, a rain sensor 16, and a driving device 17 for displacing the orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel 12; A predetermined control signal is output to the driving device 17 to displace the azimuth and elevation angle of the solar battery panel 12, and predetermined control is performed using detection data from the integrated wattmeter 14, wind speed sensor 15, and rain sensor 16 as inputs. A controller 18 that performs a predetermined input to the controller 18, and an integrated output value or the like based on an output from the controller 18. Various display and including, is constituted by a battery (not shown) and input-output device 19 having a transmitting and receiving function or the like to an external device.

  The support 13 includes a support column 20, a base 21 located under the support column 20, and a concrete 22 that embeds the base 21 in the ground. A rotating member 25 that can rotate in a horizontal plane is provided on the upper portion of the support 13. A shaft 26 is supported on the rotating member 25, and the solar cell panel 12 is provided on the shaft 26 via a bracket 27 so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow a in FIG. Accordingly, in the solar cell panel 12, the rotation direction of the rotating member 25 makes it possible to displace the orientation in which the light receiving surface faces the front with respect to the sun, while the bracket 27 rotates so that the incident angle of the sunlight with respect to the horizontal line. The angle of elevation becomes displaceable.

  The drive device 17 is configured to include a known drive system 28 such as a motor (not shown) that rotates the rotating member 25 and the bracket 27, and an azimuth detector 30 disposed at the upper portion of the column 20 and an elevation angle detection. Device 31. In the present embodiment, an azimuth detector 30 and an elevation angle detector 31 are configured by an encoder, and the azimuth detector 30 and the elevation angle detector 31 can detect the actual azimuth and elevation angle of the solar battery panel 12, and the detection is performed. Data is output to the controller 18. Moreover, these detectors 30 and 31 are provided so that reset is possible as needed, when the solar cell panel 12 returns to an origin position. In the present embodiment, the elevation angle detector 31 is set to reset the detection value every time the solar battery panel 12 is in the horizontal position. Further, the direction detector 30 is set to reset the detection value when returning to the origin position after sunset. In addition, a limit switch (not shown) that restricts the displacement angle range of the azimuth and the elevation angle is disposed on the upper portion of the support column 20. The limit switch for the azimuth is provided at the position of −135 ° in the east direction and + 135 ° in the west direction with the light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel 12 facing right south as 0 °, while the limit switch for the elevation angle Are respectively provided at a horizontal position and a vertical position. The positions of these limit switches can be arbitrarily changed. Therefore, the displacement angles of the azimuth and the elevation angle of the solar cell panel 12 can also be changed.

  The controller 18 includes a function for setting and storing solar position data via the input / output device 19 based on the date, time, and the installation latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 10, a timer function, and the like. Further, the controller 18 compares the azimuth and elevation angle of the solar battery panel 12 given from the azimuth detector 30 and the elevation angle detector 31 with the azimuth and elevation angle corresponding to the position data, and obtains an angular difference between them. A function for controlling the driving device 17 in accordance with the angle difference, a function for controlling the driving device 17 using the output of the solar cell panel 12 output from the integrating wattmeter 14 and the output integrated value as input, and an output from the wind speed sensor 15. A function of controlling the drive device 17 by comparing the set wind speed value with a set value that determines an allowable range, and a function of controlling the drive device 17 by determining rain and snow based on data output from the rain sensor 16 And various functions for total control of the entire apparatus.

  Next, a tracking system according to this embodiment, that is, a solar light tracking system will be described with reference to FIGS.

(Tracking from sunshine to before the time in South China)
In the stage before the daylight rising time, the solar cell panel is kept at the origin position (step S1). This origin position is set to a position of −135 ° in the east direction when the orientation of the solar cell panel as the south-central time position is 0 °, and the elevation angle is the horizontal angle of the solar cell panel 12, that is, 0. Set to °.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the sunrise time is reached (step S2), the controller 18 reads out the sun position data (step S3), and the wind speed value given from the wind speed sensor 15 and the upper limit set value stored in advance. Are compared (step S4). Here, when it is determined that the wind speed value exceeds the upper limit set value, the controller 18 outputs an operation signal so that the solar cell panel 12 has an elevation angle of 0 ° via the driving device 17. The panel 12 is moved to the horizontal position (step S5). At this time, in the first wind speed determination immediately after sunrise, the solar cell panel 12 is normally located at the origin position, and therefore the actual movement to the horizontal position is not performed, and the strong wind determination state is continuously detected thereafter. As long as it is not moved to the horizontal position. In addition, the drive power supply of the drive device 17 can use a storage battery (not shown) or an external power supply through the integrating wattmeter.

  When the wind speed is equal to or lower than the upper limit set value, the controller 18 makes a rain / cloud judgment by comparing the output of the rain sensor 16 with a judgment value stored in advance (step S6). When rain or cloudiness is determined, the driving device 17 moves the solar panel 12 to the vertical position based on the control signal of the controller 18. That is, the angle is displaced so that the elevation angle of the origin is 0 ° to 90 ° (step S7). This angle change is detected by the elevation angle detector 31, and when the elevation angle detector 31 detects an angular displacement of 90 degrees, the controller 18 stops the driving of the drive device 17. In the present embodiment, when the strong wind determination and the rain / snow determination conflict, the control mode when the strong wind is determined is preferentially set.

  When it is determined that it is neither rain nor cloudy, the output of the solar cell panel 12 is measured by the integrating wattmeter 14 (step S9) on the condition that the output measurement time of the solar cell panel 12 has passed (step S8). . If the output measurement time has not been reached, the control to return to step S4 is repeated.

  Next, the controller 18 performs fogging determination based on the integrated output value of the solar battery panel 12 (step S10). The value for determining the standard for the fog determination is determined based on how much the output integrated value contributes to power generation. This is because it may be considered that the sky is not sunny unless the certain output integrated value is reached. Here, when it is determined to be cloudy, the driving device 17 angularly displaces the solar cell panel 12 so that the orientation of the solar cell panel becomes horizontal (step S11), and the process returns to step S4.

  If it is determined in step S10 that it is not cloudy, that is, if a sunny or near situation is determined from the output integrated value, the solar orientation and altitude of the position data and the actual orientation of the solar cell panel 12 are determined. The detected data from the azimuth detector 30 indicating the elevation angle and the detection data from the elevation angle detector 31 are compared with each other, and the angle difference between them is determined (step S12). If there is no angle difference, the process returns to step S4 and the control is repeated. If it is determined that there is an angle difference, it is determined whether or not the output of the solar cell panel 12 is higher than the previous output (see step S9) (step S13). If the determination is NO, the angular displacement from the azimuth corresponding to the current angle of the solar battery panel 12 to a predetermined angle, that is, a real-time azimuth in the solar position data stored in advance, a position corresponding to the altitude. At the same time, the angle is displaced to a position where the azimuth is advanced by 1/2, while the elevation angle of the solar cell panel 12 stops at the current position and returns to step S4 (step S14).

  When it is determined in step S13 that the output has increased from the previous output, the orientation of the solar cell panel 12 is angularly displaced in the same manner as in step 14 and the elevation angle is similarly displaced (in step S15). These controls are repeated by repeating the control to return to step 4 until the time of the south-central time has elapsed (step S16).

(Tracking from after midnight to sunset)
As shown in FIG. 4, the integrated output value of the solar battery panel 12 is measured (step S17), and the integrated value is given to the controller 18 in advance as a reference for determining whether a predetermined value, that is, constant power generation has been performed. It is determined whether or not the predetermined value is exceeded (step S18). If the integrated value does not exceed the predetermined value, the solar cell panel is angularly displaced to a horizontal position so that the elevation angle of the solar cell panel is 0 ° (step S19). This is because the solar radiation panel tends to decrease and the contribution of power generation tends to decrease after passing south-central time, so there is a lack of practical benefits to displace the elevation angle according to the actual sun direction and altitude. This is because there is no significant difference in the power generation capacity even when 12 is in a horizontal posture. Thus, after the solar cell panel 12 is angularly displaced to the horizontal position, or when it is determined that the output integrated value exceeds the predetermined value, the same steps S21 to S12 as the above-described steps 4 to 12 are performed. 28 is controlled.

  Then, as shown in step 28, after the angular difference between the actual orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel 12 and the orientation and elevation angle of the solar position data is determined, the integrated output value of the solar cell panel 12 is predetermined. It is determined whether or not the value has been exceeded (step 29). Here, if a negative determination is made, the same angular displacement as in step 14 is performed (step S30). On the other hand, when the output integrated value exceeds the predetermined value, the same angular displacement as in step 15 is performed (step 31). The control of these steps S17 to S31 is repeatedly performed until the sunset time, and when the sunset time has elapsed, the solar cell panel 12 returns to the origin position.

  In addition, the azimuth | direction and elevation angle control timing of the said solar cell panel 12 are not specifically limited, For example, a fixed interval, such as a 5-minute interval and a 10-minute interval, is set as an interval after sunshine until it reaches sunset. can do.

In addition, the angular displacement of the azimuth is inevitably not performed after sunset, but the wind speed determination and the rain / snow determination are performed at a constant timing from sunset to sun rise. Therefore, the solar battery panel 12 that has returned to the origin position at sunset will be angularly displaced from the horizontal position, which is the origin position, to the vertical position when rain / snow falls after that, so long as the rain / snow continues. The same position is held. However, when the wind speed exceeds the upper limit set value, the wind speed determination mode is set to have priority, so the solar cell panel 12 returns to the horizontal origin position.
Therefore, when the sun rises, the elevation angle of the solar cell panel 12 may not exist at the origin position. However, in order to perform the subsequent control in a constant manner, in this embodiment, the solar cell panel 12 is temporarily returned to the origin position during the sun rise. 1 to 31 are set to be controlled.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the azimuth / elevation angle on the data indicating the position of the sun recorded in advance is compared with the actual azimuth / elevation angle of the solar cell panel, and according to the difference, the solar cell panel Therefore, it is possible to provide a higher response than the conventional type in which the amount of solar radiation is used as a control reference.

The best configuration, method and the like for carrying out the present invention have been disclosed in the above description, but the present invention is not limited to this.
That is, the invention has been illustrated and described with particular reference to particular embodiments, but it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are not deviated from the technical idea and scope of the invention. On the other hand, those skilled in the art can make various modifications in shape, material, quantity, and other detailed configurations.

The block block diagram of the solar power generation device which concerns on this embodiment. The schematic front view of the said solar power generation device. The flowchart figure which shows the tracking control before south-central time. The flowchart figure which shows the tracking control after the south-central time.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Photovoltaic power generation device 11 Support body 12 Solar cell panel 14 Integrated wattmeter 15 Wind speed sensor 16 Rain sensor 17 Drive device 18 Controller

Claims (2)

A solar cell panel, a support that supports the solar cell panel in a displaceable manner, a driving device that displaces the orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel, an integrating wattmeter that detects the output of the solar cell panel, and a solar cell panel Photovoltaic power generation including a detector that detects an azimuth and an elevation angle, and a controller that performs predetermined control while presetting solar position data based on the date, time, and the installation latitude and longitude of the solar power generation device In the device tracking system,
The controller reads out the position data at a predetermined timing, and changes the actual orientation of the solar cell panel given from the detector according to the difference between the elevation angle and the solar cell panel ,
Further, the controller determines whether or not the output value of the solar panel before the passage of the time in the south has exceeded the previous value, and when it is equal to or less than the previous value, the current elevation angle of the solar cell panel is maintained, While the solar cell panel is angularly displaced from the current azimuth to a predetermined angle at a position corresponding to the position data, the solar cell panel is further displaced to a position advanced by a half of the angular difference, while the output value is The solar cell panel is angularly displaced so that when it is equal to or more than the previous value, the azimuth and elevation are set to the predetermined angle and a position further advanced by half relative to the current azimuth and current elevation. Tracking system for solar power generation equipment. A solar cell panel, a support that supports the solar cell panel in a displaceable manner, a driving device that displaces the orientation and elevation angle of the solar cell panel, an integrating wattmeter that detects the output of the solar cell panel, and a solar cell panel Photovoltaic power generation including a detector that detects an azimuth and an elevation angle, and a controller that performs predetermined control while presetting solar position data based on the date, time, and the installation latitude and longitude of the solar power generation device In the device tracking system,
The controller reads out the position data at a predetermined timing, and changes the actual orientation of the solar cell panel given from the detector according to the difference between the elevation angle and the solar cell panel,
Further, the controller determines whether or not the integrated output value of the solar cell panel after the elapse of the south-central time is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and maintains the current elevation angle of the solar cell panel when it is equal to or less than the predetermined value. The solar cell panel is angularly displaced from the current azimuth to a predetermined angle that becomes the azimuth corresponding to the position data, and further the solar cell panel is displaced to a position advanced by ½ of the angular difference, while the output integration When the value is equal to or greater than the previous value, the solar cell panel is displaced so that the azimuth and elevation are at a position further advanced by a predetermined angle than the current azimuth and current elevation. Tracking systems for photovoltaic devices to.

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