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JP5069484B2 - Control device for hybrid vehicle - Google Patents
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JP5069484B2 - Control device for hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Control device for hybrid vehicle Download PDF

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JP5069484B2
JP5069484B2 JP2007062112A JP2007062112A JP5069484B2 JP 5069484 B2 JP5069484 B2 JP 5069484B2 JP 2007062112 A JP2007062112 A JP 2007062112A JP 2007062112 A JP2007062112 A JP 2007062112A JP 5069484 B2 JP5069484 B2 JP 5069484B2
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voltage
threshold
allowable voltage
storage device
charging
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JP2008228429A (en
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真也 三輪
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Subaru Corp
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Fuji Jukogyo KK
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/06Limiting the traction current under mechanical overload conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14Preventing excessive discharging
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/15Preventing overcharging
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    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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    • B60L2210/00Converter types
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2220/00Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/549Current
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Description

本発明はモータジェネレータを備えたハイブリッド車両の制御装置に関し、特に、バッテリに対する過充電および過放電の発生を防止するようにしたハイブリッド車両の制御装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a control device for a hybrid vehicle provided with a motor generator, and more particularly to a control device for a hybrid vehicle that prevents overcharge and overdischarge of a battery.

ハイブリッド車両には、車両に駆動力を伝達する電動モータとしての機能と、エンジンにより駆動されて発電しバッテリに充電する発電機としての機能とを有するモータジェネレータを備えるものがある。モータジェネレータを電動モータとして機能させるときにはモータジェネレータにバッテリから電力が供給され、モータジェネレータを発電機として機能させるときにはモータジェネレータにより発生した電力はバッテリに充電される。近年、ニッケル水素電池やリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタなどの電気化学キャパシタといった蓄電デバイスの小型軽量化・高エネルギ密度化が進み、これらの蓄電デバイスがバッテリとして電気自動車のみならず、ハイブリッド車両の電源としても活発に利用されている。   Some hybrid vehicles include a motor generator having a function as an electric motor that transmits driving force to the vehicle and a function as a generator that is driven by an engine to generate electric power and charge a battery. When the motor generator functions as an electric motor, electric power is supplied from the battery to the motor generator, and when the motor generator functions as a generator, the electric power generated by the motor generator is charged into the battery. In recent years, power storage devices such as secondary batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium ion batteries, and electrochemical capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors have been reduced in size and weight, and energy density has been increased. It is also actively used as a power source for hybrid vehicles.

このような電池つまり蓄電デバイスに対する充放電が最適に行われずに、蓄電デバイスが過充電や過放電の状態となると、例えば、蓄電デバイスがリチウムイオン二次電池の場合には、正極、負極材料のリチウム収納能力が低下して性能が低下してしまうことになる。そのため、通常のバッテリの充放電は、バッテリの残存容量(SOC)が所定の範囲内で行われるように制御されており、バッテリ電圧が最大許容電圧となったら過充電と判定し、最小許容電圧となったら過放電と判定し、それぞれモータジェネレータに対する指示トルクを制限するようにしている。   When the battery, that is, the storage device is not optimally charged and discharged and the storage device is overcharged or overdischarged, for example, when the storage device is a lithium ion secondary battery, As a result, the lithium storage capacity is lowered and the performance is lowered. For this reason, normal charging / discharging of the battery is controlled so that the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery is within a predetermined range, and when the battery voltage reaches the maximum allowable voltage, it is determined that the battery is overcharged, and the minimum allowable voltage is When it becomes, it is determined as overdischarge, and the command torque for each motor generator is limited.

しかし、このように蓄電デバイスに対する充放電の制御を行うと、蓄電デバイスは低温時には内部抵抗が上昇するために、瞬間的に最大許容電圧よりも高い電圧となったり、最小許容電圧よりも低い電圧となったりする可能性があり、蓄電デバイスに対して過充電や過放電が繰り返されると、蓄電デバイスの耐久性が損なわれることになる。特に、充電の上限値である最大許容電圧付近では、車両環境や走行状態によっては上限値の上下を行き来するハンチングが発生してしまい、その結果、上限値を超えてしまうことになり、充電と放電が短時間で繰り返されると運転者に違和感が生じることになる。   However, when charging / discharging control is performed on the power storage device in this way, the internal resistance of the power storage device increases at low temperatures, so the voltage instantaneously becomes higher than the maximum allowable voltage or lower than the minimum allowable voltage. If the power storage device is repeatedly overcharged or overdischarged, the durability of the power storage device is impaired. In particular, in the vicinity of the maximum allowable voltage that is the upper limit value of charging, hunting that goes up and down the upper limit value occurs depending on the vehicle environment and driving state, and as a result, the upper limit value is exceeded, and charging and If the discharge is repeated in a short time, the driver feels uncomfortable.

例えば、特許文献1は、バッテリの状態を検出してバッテリ状態に応じて充放電の電流値、電圧値に上限および下限の制限値を設定するようにした制御装置を開示している。
特開2004−135417号公報
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a control device that detects the state of a battery and sets upper and lower limit values for charge and discharge current values and voltage values according to the battery state.
JP 2004-135417 A

しかしながら、バッテリの状態を検出して充放電の電流値と電圧値の上限および下限の制限値を設定するのみでは、単に制限をかけるだけであって、制限値よりも高い最大許容電圧いっぱいまで充電することができず、バッテリの性能の領域を全て使用しているとは言えず、小型軽量化と高エネルギー密度化を目的とする蓄電デバイスの制御としては十分とは言い難い。   However, simply detecting the battery status and setting the upper and lower limit values for the current and voltage values for charging / discharging simply limits the battery and charges it to the maximum allowable voltage that is higher than the limit value. Therefore, it cannot be said that the entire area of battery performance is used, and it is difficult to control the electricity storage device for the purpose of reducing the size and weight and increasing the energy density.

本発明の目的は、蓄電デバイスの上限値としての最大許容電圧および下限値としての最小許容電圧を超えることなく、充電時には最大許容電圧に、放電時には最小許容電圧に収束するように蓄電デバイスを制御できるハイブリッド車両の制御装置を提供することにある。   It is an object of the present invention to control an electricity storage device so that the maximum allowable voltage as the upper limit value and the minimum allowable voltage as the lower limit value of the electricity storage device are not exceeded and converges to the maximum allowable voltage during charging and to the minimum allowable voltage during discharging. An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a hybrid vehicle.

本発明の他の目的は、蓄電デバイスの使用可能範囲を十分に使用することが可能なハイブリッド車両の制御装置を提供することにある。   Another object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a hybrid vehicle that can fully use the usable range of the electricity storage device.

本発明の他の目的は、蓄電デバイスの耐久性を向上させることができるハイブリッド車両の制御装置を提供することにある。   Another object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a hybrid vehicle that can improve the durability of the electricity storage device.

本発明のハイブリッド車両の制御装置は、蓄電デバイスと、車両に駆動力を伝達するとともに発電を行って前記蓄電デバイスを充電するモータジェネレータとを備えたハイブリッド車両の制御装置であって、前記蓄電デバイスの電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記蓄電デバイスの使用可能電圧の最大許容電圧と最小許容電圧とを設定する許容電圧設定手段と、前記蓄電デバイスの状態から前記最大許容電圧よりも低い充電用閾値と、前記最小許容電圧よりも高い放電用閾値を決定し、前記蓄電デバイスの電圧が前記最大許容電圧と前記充電用閾値の間にあるときと、前記最小許容電圧と前記放電用閾値の間にあるとき、前記モータジェネレータへの指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算するモータ指示トルク制御手段とを備え、前記放電用閾値および前記充電用閾値を、予め設定された所定の充放電モードで充放電することにより前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧に近づく際における実際の電圧の変化率に基づいて設定することを特徴とする。 The hybrid vehicle control device of the present invention is a hybrid vehicle control device including an electricity storage device and a motor generator that transmits driving force to the vehicle and generates electric power to charge the electricity storage device. Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the storage device, allowable voltage setting means for setting the maximum allowable voltage and the minimum allowable voltage of the usable voltage of the power storage device, and for charging lower than the maximum allowable voltage from the state of the power storage device Determining a threshold value and a discharge threshold value that is higher than the minimum allowable voltage, and when the voltage of the power storage device is between the maximum allowable voltage and the charging threshold value, and between the minimum allowable voltage and the discharging threshold value. when in, a motor command torque control means for multiplying the limit correction value to indicated torque reference value to the motor-generator, for the discharge Characterized by setting the value and the charging threshold, based on the rate of change of the actual voltage at the time of approaching the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage by charging and discharging at a preset predetermined charging and discharging modes And

本発明のハイブリッド車両の制御装置は、前記制限補正値は、前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧と前記電圧検出手段によって検出された現在電圧との差が小さくなるほど小さくなる値であることを特徴とする。 In the hybrid vehicle control apparatus according to the present invention, the limit correction value is a value that decreases as a difference between the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage and the current voltage detected by the voltage detection unit decreases. And

本発明のハイブリッド車両の制御装置は、前記放電用閾値と前記充電用閾値を、前記蓄電デバイスの電流値と温度と残存容量の少なくともいずれかに応じて可変に設定することを特徴とする。   The control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to the present invention is characterized in that the discharge threshold and the charging threshold are variably set according to at least one of a current value, a temperature, and a remaining capacity of the power storage device.

本発明のハイブリッド車両の制御装置は、前記放電用閾値と前記充電用閾値を、前記蓄電デバイスの電流と温度に応じて設定される基準値と前記蓄電デバイスの残存容量と電流とに応じて設定される補正値とに基づいて演算することを特徴とする。   In the hybrid vehicle control device of the present invention, the discharge threshold and the charging threshold are set according to a reference value set according to a current and a temperature of the power storage device, a remaining capacity and a current of the power storage device. It calculates based on the correction value to be performed.

本発明のハイブリッド車両の制御装置は、前記制限補正値は、前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧と前記電圧検出によって検出された現在電圧との差を、前記最大許容電圧と前記充電用閾値との差または前記最小許容電圧と前記放電用閾値との差で除した値であることを特徴とする。   In the hybrid vehicle control device of the present invention, the limit correction value is a difference between the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage and a current voltage detected by the voltage detection, and the maximum allowable voltage and the charging threshold value. Or a value divided by the difference between the minimum allowable voltage and the discharge threshold.

本発明によれば、モータジェネレータにより蓄電デバイスを充電するときには、最大許容電圧に蓄電デバイスの電圧が近づく所定の時間内ではモータジェネレータに対する指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算するようにしたので、徐々に最大許容電圧に近づくように充電が制御される。蓄電デバイスを放電させてモータジェネレータの駆動力を駆動輪に伝達するときには、最小許容電圧に蓄電デバイスの電圧が近づく所定の時間内ではモータジェネレータに対する指示トルク基準値に制限補正を乗算するようにしたので、徐々に最小許容電圧に近づくように放電が制御される。これにより、充電時には最大許容電圧を超えることなくこれに収束するように制御でき、放電時には最小許容電圧を超えることなくこれに収束するように蓄電デバイスの充放電を制御でき、蓄電デバイスの使用可能範囲を十分に使用することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, when the power storage device is charged by the motor generator, the command torque reference value for the motor generator is multiplied by the limit correction value within a predetermined time when the voltage of the power storage device approaches the maximum allowable voltage. Charging is controlled so as to gradually approach the maximum allowable voltage. When the power storage device is discharged and the driving power of the motor generator is transmitted to the drive wheels, the command torque reference value for the motor generator is multiplied by the limit correction within a predetermined time when the voltage of the power storage device approaches the minimum allowable voltage. Therefore, the discharge is controlled so as to gradually approach the minimum allowable voltage. This makes it possible to control the battery to converge to the maximum allowable voltage without exceeding the maximum allowable voltage during charging, and to control the charge / discharge of the power storage device to converge to the maximum allowable voltage without discharging. The range can be fully used.

本発明によれば、蓄電デバイスが最大許容電圧を超えたり、最小許容電圧を超えたりすることが防止されて、蓄電デバイスが過充電や過放電となることが防止されるので、蓄電デバイスの性能低下を抑制して蓄電デバイスの耐久性を向上させることができる。しかも、充電と充電停止とが頻繁に繰り返されたり、放電と放電停止とが頻繁に繰り返されたりすることがなくなるので、運転者に対する走行フィーリングを高めることができる。   According to the present invention, the power storage device is prevented from exceeding the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage, and the power storage device is prevented from being overcharged or overdischarged. The durability can be improved by suppressing the decrease. Moreover, since charging and stopping of charging are not repeated frequently, and discharging and stopping of discharging are not repeated frequently, the driving feeling for the driver can be enhanced.

本発明によれば、指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算して指示トルクを算出するのは、充電時にはそのときの蓄電デバイスの電圧が最大許容電圧よりも低い充電用の閾値よりも高い電圧となったときに行い、放電時にはそのときの蓄電デバイスの電圧が最小許容電圧よりも高い放電用の閾値よりも低い電圧となったときに行うので、充電時および放電時のそれぞれにおいて、閾値を超えたときに指示トルクを補正することができる。   According to the present invention, the command torque is calculated by multiplying the command torque reference value by the limit correction value, and the voltage of the power storage device at the time of charging is higher than the charging threshold value lower than the maximum allowable voltage at the time of charging. This is performed when the voltage of the electricity storage device at that time becomes lower than the threshold value for discharging, which is higher than the minimum allowable voltage. When it exceeds, the indicated torque can be corrected.

本発明によれば、車両状態やバッテリ状態に対応した蓄電デバイスの温度、電流、電圧および残存容量のうち少なくとも何れかに基づいて、閾値を変化させるようにしたので、バッテリ状態や車両状態に応じた最適な閾値を設定することができる。   According to the present invention, the threshold value is changed based on at least one of the temperature, current, voltage, and remaining capacity of the power storage device corresponding to the vehicle state and the battery state. The optimum threshold can be set.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図1はハイブリッド車両に搭載されるパワーユニット10を示すスケルトン図である。図1に示すように、パワーユニット10には、駆動源としてのエンジン11と電動モータの機能と発電機の機能を有するモータジェネレータ12とが設けられており、モータジェネレータ12の後方側にはトランスミッション13が設けられている。エンジン11やモータジェネレータ12から出力される動力は、ミッションケース14内に組み込まれる変速機構15を介して変速された後に、複数のデファレンシャル機構16,17を経て各駆動輪に分配される。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram showing a power unit 10 mounted on a hybrid vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the power unit 10 is provided with an engine 11 as a drive source, a motor generator 12 having a function of an electric motor and a function of a generator, and a transmission 13 on the rear side of the motor generator 12. Is provided. The power output from the engine 11 and the motor generator 12 is shifted through a transmission mechanism 15 incorporated in the mission case 14 and then distributed to each drive wheel via a plurality of differential mechanisms 16 and 17.

図示するパワーユニット10はパラレル方式のパワーユニットであり、走行用の主要な駆動源としてエンジン11が駆動される一方、発進時や加速時には補助的な駆動源としてモータジェネレータ12が駆動される。また、減速時や定常走行時にはモータジェネレータ12を発電駆動させることにより、減速エネルギや余剰動力を電気エネルギに変換して回収することが可能となる。さらに、モータジェネレータ12をスタータモータとして作動させることにより、モータジェネレータ12によってエンジン11を始動回転させることが可能となる。   The illustrated power unit 10 is a parallel power unit. The engine 11 is driven as a main driving source for traveling, and the motor generator 12 is driven as an auxiliary driving source at the time of starting or accelerating. Further, when the motor generator 12 is driven to generate power during deceleration or steady running, the deceleration energy and surplus power can be converted into electric energy and recovered. Further, by operating the motor generator 12 as a starter motor, the engine 11 can be started and rotated by the motor generator 12.

エンジン11の後方側に設けられモータジェネレータ12は、モータケース20に固定されるステータ21と、エンジン11のクランク軸22に連結されるロータ23とを備えており、ロータ23はドライブプレート24を介してトルクコンバータ25に連結されている。トルクコンバータ25は、コンバータケース26に固定されるポンプインペラ27と、このポンプインペラ27に対向するタービンランナ28とを備えており、トルクコンバータ25内の作動油を介してポンプインペラ27からタービンランナ28に動力が伝達される。   The motor generator 12 provided on the rear side of the engine 11 includes a stator 21 fixed to the motor case 20 and a rotor 23 connected to the crankshaft 22 of the engine 11, and the rotor 23 is interposed via a drive plate 24. To the torque converter 25. The torque converter 25 includes a pump impeller 27 that is fixed to the converter case 26 and a turbine runner 28 that faces the pump impeller 27, and the turbine runner 28 is connected from the pump impeller 27 via the hydraulic oil in the torque converter 25. Power is transmitted to.

また、トルクコンバータ25には、遊星歯車列、クラッチ、ブレーキ等を備える変速機構15が変速入力軸30を介して接続されている。この変速機構15内のクラッチやブレーキを選択的に締結することにより、変速機構15内の動力伝達経路を切り換えて変速することが可能となる。さらに、変速出力軸31と後輪出力軸32との間には、前後輪に駆動トルクを分配する複合遊星歯車式のセンタデファレンシャル機構16が装着されており、このセンタデファレンシャル機構16を介して前輪出力軸33と後輪出力軸32とに動力が分配される。   A transmission mechanism 15 including a planetary gear train, a clutch, a brake, and the like is connected to the torque converter 25 via a transmission input shaft 30. By selectively engaging the clutch and the brake in the transmission mechanism 15, the power transmission path in the transmission mechanism 15 can be switched to change the speed. Further, a compound planetary gear type center differential mechanism 16 that distributes drive torque to the front and rear wheels is mounted between the transmission output shaft 31 and the rear wheel output shaft 32, and the front wheels are connected via the center differential mechanism 16. Power is distributed to the output shaft 33 and the rear wheel output shaft 32.

図2は本発明の一実施の形態であるハイブリッド車両の制御装置を示すブロック図であり、ハイブリッド車両には高電圧バッテリ40が蓄電デバイスとして搭載されており、この高電圧バッテリ40としてはリチウムイオン電池が使用されている。ただし、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池以外に、電気二重層キャパシタなどの電気化学キャパシタを高電圧バッテリ40として使用するようにしても良い。モータジェネレータ12は交流同期型モータであり、高電圧配線41によりインバータ42に接続されており、モータジェネレータ12を駆動してその駆動力を駆動輪に伝達するときには高電圧バッテリ40からの電力がインバータ42により所定周波数の交流電流に変換されてモータジェネレータ12に供給される。一方、モータジェネレータ12をエンジンにより駆動したり、車両制動時に駆動することによりモータジェネレータ12によって発電するときには、インバータ42により直流電流に変換されて高電圧バッテリ40に対して充電が行われる。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. A high voltage battery 40 is mounted as an electricity storage device in the hybrid vehicle, and the high voltage battery 40 is a lithium ion battery. Batteries are being used. However, an electrochemical capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor may be used as the high voltage battery 40 in addition to a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery. The motor generator 12 is an AC synchronous motor, and is connected to an inverter 42 by a high voltage wiring 41. When the motor generator 12 is driven and its driving force is transmitted to driving wheels, the electric power from the high voltage battery 40 is transferred to the inverter. 42 is converted into an alternating current of a predetermined frequency and supplied to the motor generator 12. On the other hand, when the motor generator 12 is driven by the engine or is driven during vehicle braking to generate electric power by the motor generator 12, it is converted into a direct current by the inverter 42 and the high voltage battery 40 is charged.

高電圧配線41にはDC/DCコンバータ43が電圧変換手段として接続されており、DC/DCコンバータ43の出力端子は給電配線44により低電圧機器に接続されている。低電圧機器としては、低電圧バッテリ45,バッテリ制御ユニット46、ハイブリッド制御ユニット47、エンジン制御ユニット48および変速機制御ユニット49等があり、高電圧バッテリ40からの高電圧系の電圧を12Vに降圧して低電圧バッテリ45に対して充電が行われるとともに、エンジン制御ユニット48等に電力が供給される。   A DC / DC converter 43 is connected to the high voltage wiring 41 as voltage conversion means, and an output terminal of the DC / DC converter 43 is connected to a low voltage device by a power supply wiring 44. Low-voltage devices include a low-voltage battery 45, a battery control unit 46, a hybrid control unit 47, an engine control unit 48, a transmission control unit 49, etc., and step down the high-voltage system voltage from the high-voltage battery 40 to 12V. Then, the low voltage battery 45 is charged and power is supplied to the engine control unit 48 and the like.

上述したそれぞれの制御ユニット46〜49は、制御信号等を演算するCPUを備えるとともに、制御プログラム、演算式、マップデータ等を格納するROMや、一時的にデータを格納するRAMを備えている。なお、制御ユニット46〜49は通信ネットワークを介して相互に接続されており、各々の制御ユニット46〜49間において各種情報が共有されるようになっている。   Each of the control units 46 to 49 described above includes a CPU that calculates a control signal and the like, and also includes a ROM that stores a control program, an arithmetic expression, map data, and the like, and a RAM that temporarily stores data. The control units 46 to 49 are connected to each other via a communication network, and various types of information are shared between the control units 46 to 49.

バッテリ制御ユニット46には、高電圧バッテリ40のセル温度を検出する温度検出手段としての温度センサ51、高電圧バッテリ40の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段としての電圧センサ52、および高電圧系の電流を検出する電流検出手段としての電流センサ53からの検出信号が送られるようになっており、これらのセンサ51〜53からの信号に基づいて、バッテリ制御ユニット46はバッテリの残存容量(SOC)を演算する。   The battery control unit 46 includes a temperature sensor 51 as temperature detecting means for detecting the cell temperature of the high voltage battery 40, a voltage sensor 52 as voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the high voltage battery 40, and a current of the high voltage system. A detection signal from a current sensor 53 serving as a current detection means for detecting the battery is sent, and based on signals from these sensors 51 to 53, the battery control unit 46 calculates the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery. Calculate.

バッテリ制御ユニット46からはハイブリッド制御ユニット47に高電圧バッテリ40のセル温度、端子電圧、電流および残存容量等の信号が送られるようになっている。ハイブリッド制御ユニット47からはエンジン制御ユニット48に指示トルクの信号が送られてエンジン11の駆動が制御される。さらにハイブリッド制御ユニット47からはインバータ42に指示トルク(電力)の信号が送られるようになっており、ハイブリッド制御ユニット47はモータジェネレータ12をジェネレータとして機能させるときには所定の発電電力を発生させるために駆動トルクの信号を出力し、電動モータとして機能させるときには所定の駆動トルクを発生させるために発電の信号を出力し、モータジェネレータ12の作動が制御される。高電圧系を構成する高電圧配線41には配線をオンオフするための高電圧リレー54が設けられており、車両のスタータースイッチがオンされると、高電圧リレー54がオンとなる。   From the battery control unit 46, signals such as the cell temperature, terminal voltage, current and remaining capacity of the high voltage battery 40 are sent to the hybrid control unit 47. The hybrid control unit 47 sends an instruction torque signal to the engine control unit 48 to control the drive of the engine 11. Further, a command torque (electric power) signal is sent from the hybrid control unit 47 to the inverter 42, and the hybrid control unit 47 is driven to generate predetermined generated power when the motor generator 12 functions as a generator. When a torque signal is output to function as an electric motor, a power generation signal is output to generate a predetermined drive torque, and the operation of the motor generator 12 is controlled. The high voltage wiring 41 constituting the high voltage system is provided with a high voltage relay 54 for turning the wiring on and off. When the starter switch of the vehicle is turned on, the high voltage relay 54 is turned on.

図3はハイブリッド制御ユニット47の機能構成を示すブロック図であり、ハイブリッド制御ユニット47はモータ指示トルク制御手段を構成しており、基準指示トルク演算部61を有している。この基準指示トルク演算部61には、バッテリ制御ユニット46から残存容量(SOC)の信号と、アクセルペダルの踏み込み量を検出するアクセルセンサ(図示省略)からのアクセル踏み込み量の信号と、インバータ42からのモータジェネレータ12の回転数の信号と、変速機制御ユニット49からの変速比等の変速情報信号とが送られるようになっており、これらの信号に基づいて基準指示トルク演算部61はモータ指示トルクの基準値を演算するとともに、エンジン11への指示トルクも演算する。   FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the hybrid control unit 47. The hybrid control unit 47 constitutes a motor command torque control means and has a reference command torque calculation unit 61. The reference command torque calculation unit 61 includes a signal of the remaining capacity (SOC) from the battery control unit 46, a signal of an accelerator depression amount from an accelerator sensor (not shown) that detects the depression amount of an accelerator pedal, and an inverter 42 The rotation speed signal of the motor generator 12 and a gear shift information signal such as a gear ratio from the transmission control unit 49 are sent. Based on these signals, the reference command torque calculation unit 61 sends the motor command. A torque reference value is calculated, and an instruction torque to the engine 11 is also calculated.

ハイブリッド制御ユニット47は、高電圧バッテリ40が満充電(SOCが100%)のときの電圧つまり最大許容電圧(Vmax)を設定するための最大許容電圧設定部62と、高電圧バッテリ40の充電量が零(SOCが0%)のときの電圧つまり最小許容電圧(Vmim)を設定するための最小許容電圧設定部63が設けられており、それぞれの値が既定値としてROMに格納されている。さらに、ハイブリッド制御ユニット47のROMは、i−T閾値マップ64とSOC−i閾値マップ65とを有している。i−T閾値マップ64には、高電圧バッテリ40の電圧と温度とに応じた充電用閾値と放電用閾値の基準値Vsaを設定するデータが格納されており、バッテリ制御ユニット46からのセル温度(T)の信号とバッテリ電流(I)の信号とに基づいてそれぞれの基準値Vsaの信号を出力する。一方、SOC−i閾値マップ65には、バッテリ電流(I)とSOCとに応じた充電用閾値と放電用閾値の補正値Vsbを設定するデータが格納されており、バッテリ制御ユニット46からのバッテリ電流(I)の信号と残存容量(SOC)の信号とに基づいてそれぞれの補正値Vsbを設定する。   The hybrid control unit 47 includes a maximum allowable voltage setting unit 62 for setting a voltage when the high voltage battery 40 is fully charged (SOC is 100%), that is, a maximum allowable voltage (Vmax), and a charge amount of the high voltage battery 40. Is provided with a minimum allowable voltage setting unit 63 for setting a voltage when SOC is zero (SOC is 0%), that is, a minimum allowable voltage (Vmim), and each value is stored in the ROM as a default value. Further, the ROM of the hybrid control unit 47 has an i-T threshold map 64 and an SOC-i threshold map 65. The i-T threshold map 64 stores data for setting a threshold value for charging and a reference value Vsa for the discharging threshold corresponding to the voltage and temperature of the high voltage battery 40, and the cell temperature from the battery control unit 46. Based on the (T) signal and the battery current (I) signal, each reference value Vsa signal is output. On the other hand, the SOC-i threshold map 65 stores data for setting the charging threshold value and the discharge threshold correction value Vsb in accordance with the battery current (I) and the SOC. The respective correction values Vsb are set based on the current (I) signal and the remaining capacity (SOC) signal.

ハイブリッド制御ユニット47は、閾値演算部66と制限補正値演算部67とを有している。閾値演算部66は、それぞれのマップ64,65から出力される基準値Vsaと補正値Vsbとに基づいて閾値Vsを演算する。一方、制限補正値演算部67は、バッテリ制御ユニット46を介して電圧センサ52から送られる現在のバッテリの電圧(V)と、最大許容電圧設定部62から出力される最大許容電圧(Vmax)と最小許容電圧設定部63から出力される最小許容電圧(Vmim)とに基づいて制限係数つまり制限ゲインを演算する。   The hybrid control unit 47 includes a threshold value calculation unit 66 and a limit correction value calculation unit 67. The threshold calculation unit 66 calculates the threshold Vs based on the reference value Vsa and the correction value Vsb output from the maps 64 and 65, respectively. On the other hand, the limit correction value calculation unit 67 includes the current battery voltage (V) sent from the voltage sensor 52 via the battery control unit 46 and the maximum allowable voltage (Vmax) output from the maximum allowable voltage setting unit 62. Based on the minimum allowable voltage (Vmim) output from the minimum allowable voltage setting unit 63, a limiting coefficient, that is, a limiting gain is calculated.

図4(A)は充電時の制限ゲインの演算方式を示す概略図であり、図4(B)は放電時の制限ゲインの演算方式を示す概略図である。   FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing a calculation method of a limiting gain during charging, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing a calculation method of the limiting gain during discharging.

図4(A)に示すように、電圧センサ52により検出された現在のバッテリの電圧(V)が最大許容電圧(Vmax)と充電用閾値Vsとの間の値であるときには、充電時の制限ゲインGchgは以下のようにして算出される。
Gchg=│Vmax−V│/│Vmax−Vs│ (0≦Gchg≦1)
As shown in FIG. 4A, when the current battery voltage (V) detected by the voltage sensor 52 is a value between the maximum allowable voltage (Vmax) and the threshold value Vs for charging, the limitation at the time of charging is performed. The gain Gchg is calculated as follows.
Gchg = | Vmax−V | / | Vmax−Vs | (0 ≦ Gchg ≦ 1)

一方、図4(B)に示すように、電圧センサ52により検出された現在のバッテリの電圧(V)が最小許容電圧(Vmim)と放電用閾値Vsとの間の値であるときには、放電時の制限ゲインGdisは以下のようにして算出される。
Gdis=│V−Vmin│/│Vs−Vmimx│ (0≦Gdis≦1)
On the other hand, when the current battery voltage (V) detected by the voltage sensor 52 is between the minimum allowable voltage (Vmim) and the discharge threshold value Vs as shown in FIG. The limiting gain Gdis is calculated as follows.
Gdis = │V-Vmin│ / │Vs-Vmimx│ (0 ≦ Gdis ≦ 1)

ハイブリッド制御ユニット47は、図3に示すように、制限補正値演算部67により演算された制限ゲインの値に基づいて制限ゲインを決定する制限ゲイン設定部68を有している。この制限ゲイン設定部68は、充電時の制限ゲインGchgと放電時の制限ゲインGdisとがいずれも0〜1の範囲のときには、その値を制限ゲインとして出力し、それよりも大きい場合のときには常に制限ゲインとして1を出力する。設定された制限ゲインは、指示トルク演算部69に送られて、この指示トルク演算部69においては、モータジェネレータ12に対する指示トルク基準値に制限ゲインを乗算して指示トルクをインバータ42に出力する。   As shown in FIG. 3, the hybrid control unit 47 includes a limit gain setting unit 68 that determines a limit gain based on the limit gain value calculated by the limit correction value calculation unit 67. The limit gain setting unit 68 outputs the value as a limit gain when the limit gain Gchg at the time of charging and the limit gain Gdis at the time of discharging are both in the range of 0 to 1, and always when it is larger than that. 1 is output as the limiting gain. The set limit gain is sent to the command torque calculation unit 69, and the command torque calculation unit 69 multiplies the command torque reference value for the motor generator 12 by the limit gain and outputs the command torque to the inverter 42.

図3においては、基準指示トルク演算部61〜指示トルク演算部69を、ハイブリッド制御ユニット47を構成するマイクロプロセッサやROMが有する機能構成として捉えて示されている。   In FIG. 3, the reference command torque calculation unit 61 to the command torque calculation unit 69 are illustrated as functional configurations of the microprocessor and the ROM that configure the hybrid control unit 47.

なお、モータジェネレータ12により高電圧バッテリ40に充電するときにはモータジェネレータ12を所定のトルクで駆動することになり、駆動輪に動力を伝達するときには高電圧バッテリ40を放電させてモータジェネレータに電力を供給することになり、駆動トルクと供給電力とは一定の対応関係があるので、指示トルク演算部69において演算される指示トルクは、充電する場合と放電する場合とを含めている。   When the motor generator 12 charges the high voltage battery 40, the motor generator 12 is driven with a predetermined torque. When power is transmitted to the drive wheels, the high voltage battery 40 is discharged to supply power to the motor generator. Therefore, since the driving torque and the supplied power have a certain correspondence relationship, the instruction torque calculated by the instruction torque calculation unit 69 includes the case of charging and the case of discharging.

図5は充電用閾値と放電用閾値とのマップデータを求めるための実験方法を示すタイムチャートである。高電圧バッテリ40が特定の温度(T)と残存容量(SOC)の下で、0.5[C]、1[C]、2[C]、5[C]、10[C]のパルス電流の充電と放電とを各々10秒間繰り返して、それぞれについて5秒目の電圧と10秒目の電圧とを測定する。ただし、[C]とはバッテリの1時間放電できる電流[A]を1とした場合の相対値である。例えば、リチウムイオンバッテリは1[C]が4.3[A]なので、2[C]は8.6[A]となり、10[C]は43[A]となる。   FIG. 5 is a time chart showing an experimental method for obtaining map data of the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value. The high voltage battery 40 is charged with a pulse current of 0.5 [C], 1 [C], 2 [C], 5 [C], 10 [C] under a specific temperature (T) and remaining capacity (SOC). And discharging are repeated for 10 seconds, and the voltage at the 5th and the voltage at the 10th are measured for each. However, [C] is a relative value when the current [A] that can be discharged for 1 hour of the battery is 1. For example, since 1 [C] of a lithium ion battery is 4.3 [A], 2 [C] is 8.6 [A] and 10 [C] is 43 [A].

図5は10秒間充電したときのバッテリ電圧の変化を示しており、5秒目の電圧と10秒目の電圧との電圧差からこれらの時間における電圧の変化率を求める。変化率は、図5において5秒目の電圧と10秒目の電圧とを結ぶ特性線として示されており、この特性線の延長線が充電開始時に相当する点Aの電圧を求めることにより、その電圧を充電用の閾値Vsとする。温度条件を変えて、上述した実験を繰り返すことによってバッテリ電流iとセル温度Tとを変数とするi−T閾値マップ64を求めることができる。放電時のi−T閾値マップ64についても、同様に、10秒間放電したときのバッテリ電圧の変化率から求めることができるが、図5においては放電時についての電圧の変化は省略されている。さらに、SOC−i閾値マップ65についても、同様にして、それぞれ充電時と放電時とについ求めることができる。なお、上述した値のパルス電流を充電したり放電する充電モードと放電モードは、それぞれ上述したパターンに限られず、種々の充放電パターンのモードを採用することができる。   FIG. 5 shows the change in battery voltage when charged for 10 seconds, and the voltage change rate at these times is obtained from the voltage difference between the voltage at 5 seconds and the voltage at 10 seconds. The rate of change is shown as a characteristic line connecting the voltage at 5 seconds and the voltage at 10 seconds in FIG. 5, and by calculating the voltage at point A corresponding to the extension line of this characteristic line at the start of charging, The voltage is set as a charging threshold value Vs. The i-T threshold map 64 having the battery current i and the cell temperature T as variables can be obtained by changing the temperature condition and repeating the above-described experiment. Similarly, the i-T threshold map 64 at the time of discharging can be obtained from the rate of change of the battery voltage when discharged for 10 seconds, but in FIG. 5, the change of the voltage at the time of discharging is omitted. Further, the SOC-i threshold map 65 can be obtained in the same manner for charging and discharging, respectively. The charging mode and discharging mode for charging or discharging the pulse current having the above-described value are not limited to the above-described patterns, and various charging / discharging pattern modes can be employed.

図5においては、ジェネレータモータへの指示トルク(電力)基準値に制限ゲインを乗算してハイブリッド車両を制御した場合における制限後の充電電流Icの変化と、そのときの電圧Vcの変化がそれぞれ二点鎖線で示されている。このように制御することによって、車両走行中にバッテリの最大許容電圧Vmaxと最小許容電圧Vminに至らないようにして徐々に指令トルク(電力)を制御することができ、低温走行時においても、瞬間的に最大許容電圧Vmaxを超えないように充電を行うことができるとともに、最小許容電圧Vminを超えないように放電してモータジェネレータ12を駆動させることができる。   In FIG. 5, when the hybrid vehicle is controlled by multiplying the reference torque (electric power) reference value to the generator motor by the limiting gain, the change in the charging current Ic after the limitation and the change in the voltage Vc at that time are two. It is shown with a dotted line. By controlling in this way, it is possible to gradually control the command torque (electric power) so as not to reach the maximum allowable voltage Vmax and the minimum allowable voltage Vmin of the battery during traveling of the vehicle. Thus, charging can be performed so as not to exceed the maximum allowable voltage Vmax, and the motor generator 12 can be driven by discharging so as not to exceed the minimum allowable voltage Vmin.

図6はモータジェネレータ12への指示トルクの算出ルーチンを示すフローチャートであり、図7は制限ゲインの設定ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。   FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a routine for calculating an instruction torque to the motor generator 12, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a routine for setting a limit gain.

図6のステップS1においては、バッテリの残存容量SOC、アクセル踏み込み量、モータジェネレータの回転数および変速比等の情報を検出し、ステップS2においてエンジン11への指示トルクとモータジェネレータ12への指示トルクの基準値とを設定する。ステップS3においては、モータジェネレータ12への指示トルクの基準値に制限ゲインを乗算してモータ指示トルクとする。   In step S1 of FIG. 6, information such as the remaining battery capacity SOC, accelerator depression amount, motor generator speed and gear ratio is detected, and in step S2, the command torque for engine 11 and the command torque for motor generator 12 are detected. Set the reference value. In step S3, the reference value of the instruction torque to the motor generator 12 is multiplied by the limit gain to obtain the motor instruction torque.

この制限ゲインは図7に示す制限ゲイン設定ルーチンにより設定される。まず、ステップS11においてはバッテリ温度つまりセル温度Tとバッテリ電流Iの信号により図3に示すi−T閾値マップ64から閾値の基準値Vsaを読み出す。ステップS12においてはバッテリ電流Iと残存容量SOCの信号により図3に示すSOC−i閾値マップ65から閾値の補正値Vsbを読み出し、基準値Vsaを補正値Vsbで補正して閾値Vsを演算する。これにより、充電する場合には、図4(A)に示す充電用の閾値Vsが演算され、放電する場合には、図4(B)に示す放電用の閾値Vsが演算される。   This limit gain is set by a limit gain setting routine shown in FIG. First, in step S11, a threshold reference value Vsa is read from the i-T threshold map 64 shown in FIG. 3 based on the battery temperature, that is, the cell temperature T and battery current I signals. In step S12, a threshold correction value Vsb is read from the SOC-i threshold map 65 shown in FIG. 3 based on the battery current I and remaining capacity SOC signals, and the threshold value Vs is calculated by correcting the reference value Vsa with the correction value Vsb. Thereby, when charging, the threshold value Vs for charging shown in FIG. 4A is calculated, and when discharging, the threshold value Vs for discharging shown in FIG. 4B is calculated.

次いで、ステップS13においては電するときには充電時の制限ゲインGchgが演算され、放電するときには放電時の制限ゲインGdisが演算される。ステップS14においては充電時には制限ゲインGchgが1よりも大きいか否かが判定され、放電時には制限ゲインGdisが1よりも大きいか否かが判定され、それぞれの制限ゲインが0〜1のときには、演算された制限ゲインの値がステップS15において制限ゲインとして設定され、それぞれの制限ゲインが1よりも大きいときには、ステップS16において制限ゲインは1に設定される。このようにして設定された制限ゲインを、上述したステップS3において指示トルク基準値に乗算し、インバータ42には乗算して得られた値がモータ指示トルクとして出力される。 Then, the limiter gain Gchg during charging is calculated when the charging in step S13, limit gain Gdis during discharge is calculated when discharging. In step S14, it is determined whether or not the limit gain Gchg is greater than 1 at the time of charging, and it is determined whether or not the limit gain Gdis is greater than 1 at the time of discharging. The limit gain value thus set is set as the limit gain in step S15. When each limit gain is larger than 1, the limit gain is set to 1 in step S16. The limit gain set in this way is multiplied by the command torque reference value in step S3 described above, and the value obtained by multiplication is output to the inverter 42 as the motor command torque.

このように、上述した制御装置においては、モータジェネレータ12により蓄電デバイスとしての高電圧バッテリ40を充電するときには、設定された最大許容電圧Vmaxに高電圧バッテリ40の電圧が近づく所定の時間内ではモータジェネレータ12に対する指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算するようにしたので、徐々に最大許容電圧Vmaxに近づくように充電が制御される。同様に、高電圧バッテリ40を放電させてモータジェネレータ12の駆動力を駆動輪に伝達するときには、設定された最小許容電圧Vminに高電圧バッテリ40の電圧が近づく所定の時間内ではモータジェネレータ12に対する指示トルク基準値に制限補正を乗算するようにしたので、徐々に最小許容電圧Vminに近づくように放電が制御される。これにより、走行中に高電圧バッテリ40が最大許容電圧を超えたり、最小許容電圧を超えたりすることが防止されて、高電圧バッテリ40が過充電や過放電となることが防止されるので、高電圧バッテリ40の性能低下を抑制し耐久性を向上させることができる。しかも、充電と充電停止とが頻繁に繰り返されたり、放電と放電停止とが頻繁に繰り返されたりすることがなくなるので、運転者に対する走行フィーリングを高めることができる。   As described above, in the control device described above, when the high voltage battery 40 as the power storage device is charged by the motor generator 12, the motor is within a predetermined time when the voltage of the high voltage battery 40 approaches the set maximum allowable voltage Vmax. Since the command torque reference value for the generator 12 is multiplied by the limit correction value, charging is controlled so as to gradually approach the maximum allowable voltage Vmax. Similarly, when the high-voltage battery 40 is discharged and the driving force of the motor generator 12 is transmitted to the driving wheels, the motor generator 12 is applied to the motor generator 12 within a predetermined time when the voltage of the high-voltage battery 40 approaches the set minimum allowable voltage Vmin. Since the command torque reference value is multiplied by the limit correction, the discharge is controlled so as to gradually approach the minimum allowable voltage Vmin. This prevents the high voltage battery 40 from exceeding the maximum allowable voltage or exceeding the minimum allowable voltage during traveling, and prevents the high voltage battery 40 from being overcharged or overdischarged. The performance degradation of the high voltage battery 40 can be suppressed and the durability can be improved. Moreover, since charging and stopping of charging are not repeated frequently, and discharging and stopping of discharging are not repeated frequently, the driving feeling for the driver can be enhanced.

指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算して指示トルクを算出するのは、充電時にはそのときの高電圧バッテリの電圧が最大許容電圧よりも低い充電用の閾値よりも高い電圧となったときに行い、放電時にはそのときの高電圧バッテリの電圧が最小許容電圧よりも高い放電用の閾値よりも低い電圧となったときに行うので、充電時および放電時のそれぞれにおいて、閾値を超えたときに指示トルクを補正することができる。   The command torque is calculated by multiplying the command torque reference value by the limit correction value when the voltage of the high-voltage battery at the time of charging is higher than the charging threshold lower than the maximum allowable voltage. When discharging, when the voltage of the high-voltage battery at that time becomes lower than the threshold value for discharging higher than the minimum allowable voltage, when the threshold value is exceeded at each time of charging and discharging The command torque can be corrected.

車両状態やバッテリ状態に対応した高電圧バッテリ40の温度、電流、電圧および残存容量SOC等のうち少なくとも何れかに基づいて、閾値を変化させるようにしたので、バッテリ状態や車両状態に応じた最適な閾値を設定することができる。   Since the threshold value is changed based on at least one of the temperature, current, voltage, remaining capacity SOC, etc. of the high-voltage battery 40 corresponding to the vehicle state and the battery state, the optimum according to the battery state and the vehicle state Thresholds can be set.

充電用の閾値は、予め設定された所定の充電モードで高電圧バッテリ40に充電することにより、実際のバッテリ電圧が最大許容電圧に近づく際における電圧の変化率に基づいて設定される。同様に、放電用の閾値も、予め設定された所定の放電モードで高電圧バッテリ40の電力をモータジェネレータ12に供給してこれを回転駆動することにより、実際のバッテリ電圧が最小許容電圧に近づく際における電圧の変化率に基づいて設定される。   The threshold for charging is set based on the rate of change of voltage when the actual battery voltage approaches the maximum allowable voltage by charging the high voltage battery 40 in a predetermined charging mode set in advance. Similarly, the threshold value for discharging also supplies the electric power of the high voltage battery 40 to the motor generator 12 in a predetermined discharge mode that is set in advance and rotationally drives it so that the actual battery voltage approaches the minimum allowable voltage. It is set based on the voltage change rate at the time.

本発明は前記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更可能である。たとえば、図示するハイブリッド車両はパラレル方式のハイブリッド車両であるが、これに限られることはなく、シリーズ方式やシリーズ・パラレル方式のハイブリッド車両に対しても本発明の制御装置を適用することができる。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the illustrated hybrid vehicle is a parallel hybrid vehicle, but is not limited to this, and the control device of the present invention can be applied to a series or series / parallel hybrid vehicle.

ハイブリッド車両に搭載されるパワーユニットを示すスケルトン図である。It is a skeleton figure which shows the power unit mounted in a hybrid vehicle. 本発明の一実施の形態であるハイブリッド車両の制御装置を示すブロック図である。1 is a block diagram showing a control device for a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. ハイブリッド制御ユニットの機能構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of a hybrid control unit. (A)は充電時の制限ゲインの演算方式を示す概略図であり、(B)は放電時の制限ゲインの演算方式を示す概略図である。(A) is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculation method of a limiting gain during charging, and (B) is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculation method of a limiting gain during discharging. 充電用閾値と放電用閾値とのマップデータを求めるための実験方法を示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the experimental method for calculating | requiring the map data of the threshold value for charge and the threshold value for discharge. モータジェネレータへの指示トルクの算出ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the calculation routine of the instruction torque to a motor generator. 制限ゲインの設定ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the setting routine of a limiting gain.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11 エンジン
12 モータジェネレータ
40 高電圧バッテリ(蓄電デバイス)
42 インバータ
46 バッテリ制御ユニット
47 ハイブリッド制御ユニット
48 エンジン制御ユニット
49 変速機制御ユニット
61 基準指示トルク演算部
62 最大許容値設定部
63 最小許容値設定部
64 i−T閾値設定部
65 SOC−i閾値設定部
66 閾値演算部
67 制限補正値演算部
68 制限ゲイン設定部
69 指示トルク演算部
11 Engine 12 Motor generator 40 High voltage battery (power storage device)
42 Inverter 46 Battery control unit 47 Hybrid control unit 48 Engine control unit 49 Transmission control unit 61 Reference command torque calculation unit 62 Maximum allowable value setting unit 63 Minimum allowable value setting unit 64 i-T threshold value setting unit 65 SOC-i threshold value setting Unit 66 threshold calculation unit 67 limit correction value calculation unit 68 limit gain setting unit 69 command torque calculation unit

Claims (5)

蓄電デバイスと、車両に駆動力を伝達するとともに発電を行って前記蓄電デバイスを充電するモータジェネレータとを備えたハイブリッド車両の制御装置であって、
前記蓄電デバイスの電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記蓄電デバイスの使用可能電圧の最大許容電圧と最小許容電圧とを設定する許容電圧設定手段と、
前記蓄電デバイスの状態から前記最大許容電圧よりも低い充電用閾値と、前記最小許容電圧よりも高い放電用閾値を決定し、前記蓄電デバイスの電圧が前記最大許容電圧と前記充電用閾値の間にあるときと、前記最小許容電圧と前記放電用閾値の間にあるとき、前記モータジェネレータへの指示トルク基準値に制限補正値を乗算するモータ指示トルク制御手段とを備え、
前記放電用閾値および前記充電用閾値を、予め設定された所定の充放電モードで充放電することにより前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧に近づく際における実際の電圧の変化率に基づいて設定することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
A control device for a hybrid vehicle, comprising: an electricity storage device; and a motor generator that transmits driving force to the vehicle and generates power to charge the electricity storage device,
Voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of the electricity storage device;
An allowable voltage setting means for setting a maximum allowable voltage and a minimum allowable voltage of the usable voltage of the power storage device;
A charging threshold lower than the maximum allowable voltage and a discharging threshold higher than the minimum allowable voltage are determined from the state of the electric storage device, and the voltage of the electric storage device is between the maximum allowable voltage and the charging threshold. Motor instruction torque control means for multiplying a limit correction value to an instruction torque reference value to the motor generator when there is between the minimum allowable voltage and the discharge threshold,
The threshold value for discharging and the threshold value for charging are set based on a rate of change of an actual voltage when approaching the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage by charging / discharging in a predetermined charging / discharging mode set in advance. A control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle characterized by the above.
請求項1記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、前記制限補正値は、前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧と前記電圧検出手段によって検出された現在電圧との差が小さくなるほど小さくなる値であることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。   2. The control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the limit correction value is a value that decreases as a difference between the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage and the current voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit decreases. A hybrid vehicle control device. 請求項1記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、前記放電用閾値と前記充電用閾値を、前記蓄電デバイスの電流値と温度と残存容量の少なくともいずれかに応じて可変に設定することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。   The hybrid vehicle control device according to claim 1, wherein the discharging threshold and the charging threshold are variably set according to at least one of a current value, a temperature, and a remaining capacity of the power storage device. Control device for hybrid vehicle. 請求項1記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、前記放電用閾値と前記充電用閾値を、前記蓄電デバイスの電流と温度に応じて設定される基準値と前記蓄電デバイスの残存容量と電流とに応じて設定される補正値とに基づいて演算することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。   2. The control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the discharge threshold and the charging threshold are set according to a reference value set according to a current and a temperature of the power storage device, a remaining capacity and a current of the power storage device. A control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle, which calculates based on a correction value set by 請求項2記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、前記制限補正値は、前記最大許容電圧または前記最小許容電圧と前記電圧検出によって検出された現在電圧との差を、前記最大許容電圧と前記充電用閾値との差または前記最小許容電圧と前記放電用閾値との差で除した値であることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。   3. The control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the limit correction value is a difference between the maximum allowable voltage or the minimum allowable voltage and a current voltage detected by the voltage detection. A hybrid vehicle control device characterized by a difference from a threshold or a value divided by a difference between the minimum allowable voltage and the discharge threshold.
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