JP5073227B2 - Hazardous substance treatment agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hazardous substance treating agent. More specifically, it contains PRTR substances that are harmful substances such as formaldehyde and bisphenol that cause sick house syndrome when decomposing flue, chimneys, boilers, flue gas cleaning towers, etc. contaminated with organic halogen compounds such as dioxin. It relates to a hazardous substance treatment agent for treating harmful substances that are generated during the dismantling of buildings, transporting or processing dioxin-containing fly ash generated at garbage incineration sites, and harmful substances contained in dust floating in the air. .

  Conventionally, organic halogen compounds such as dioxins may be contained in exhaust gas and dust generated by incineration of industrial waste such as municipal waste and sewage sludge. These organic halogen compounds are extremely toxic. Therefore, there are concerns about the impact on human health and ecosystems.

  Also, flue gas generated from general waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, steel incinerators, etc. also contains organic halogen compounds such as dioxins, and the inner walls of incinerators and chimneys are also organic. A lot of halogen compounds are attached, and soot and fly ash adhering to the inner wall asbestos layer are also rich in dioxins.

  More specifically, in combustion structures such as flues, chimneys, boilers, and flue gas cleaning towers, large amounts of dust and fly ash adhere to the concrete, brick, steel plate, asbestos and other surfaces that make up the inner wall surface. In buildings and other buildings, concrete, bricks, steel plates, wood, asbestos and other surfaces that make up the inner wall of the building are exposed to drugs that affect the human body, such as formaldehyde and bisphenol, which cause sick house syndrome. ing.

  These asbestos, dust, fly ash, and the like are in a state that contains a large amount of dioxins, and the building materials contain a lot of formaldehyde that causes sick house syndrome. When disassembling or renovating these contaminated buildings, it is strongly required to prevent dust from containing harmful substances from being scattered and to ensure the safety of workers. Although it is being constructed with detoxification treatment, there are concerns about the release of harmful substances from the solidified material, and there is still concern about worker exposure and air pollution.

Until now, as a method of treating exhaust gas and fly ash, a treatment agent composed of slaked lime and magnesium oxide, a porous material of inorganic oxide and / or amorphous aluminum hydroxide is blown into flue exhaust gas of an incinerator, An exhaust gas and fly ash treatment method is known in which acid gas and dioxins are removed from exhaust gas and magnesium chloride is added to and kneaded with the recovered fly ash (Patent Document 1). However, in this method, it is necessary to separate fly ash with a dust collector and add a magnesium chloride aqueous solution and water to the fly ash to solidify it, which requires complicated processing steps. In addition, although the concentration of dioxins emitted from the dust collector outlet is said to decrease, it cannot be said that there is nothing.
JP 2000-051645 A

In addition, a method for preventing scattering of dust using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is known. For example, a method for kneading an aqueous solution containing PVA to solid waste discharged from a garbage incinerator is proposed. (Patent Document 2), and a method of spraying an aqueous solution such as PVA into a space where dioxin-containing dust is floating is also known (Patent Document 3).
JP 2005-296729 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-19818

  However, most of the methods using PVA prevent dust scattering by hardening the dust. Since the capture of harmful substances is not complete, there is concern about the release of harmful substances. At the same time, there has been no suggestion of a method to suppress this, and there are still concerns about environmental exposure around the dismantling work and exposure to workers. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to easily collect the dust containing dioxins, formaldehyde and the like that are scattered in the atmosphere and cause pollution problems and health problems, The object is to provide a toxic substance treatment agent that can absorb and capture the environmental pollution surrounding the demolition work and the fear of worker exposure problems.

  The inventors of the present invention diligently studied and found that the above object can be achieved by an aqueous polymer compound solution containing a porous material, and reached the present invention. That is, the present invention is a harmful substance treating agent comprising an aqueous polymer compound solution containing a porous substance.

The harmful substance treating agent of the present invention can prevent dust from being scattered by spraying and solidifying on an incinerator or a building such as a building before dismantling. In addition, the hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention is sprayed and solidified on, for example, asbestos containing a hazardous substance, and the harmful substance is not re-released even if the asbestos is peeled off from the building. As a result, the exposure problems of workers and concerns about air pollution can be resolved.

  Examples of the porous substance used in the hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention include activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina, silica-alumina, and mordenite. These may be used as a mixture. Of these, activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina or a mixture thereof is preferable. The shape of the porous material is not limited, but is preferably in the form of a powder because it is used by mixing with an aqueous solution of a polymer compound such as PVA. The average particle size of the porous material is preferably smaller from the viewpoint of increasing the adsorption performance and preventing the spray nozzle from being blocked, and is preferably 50 μm or less. The average particle diameter can be determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter or the like.

Activated carbon Among porous substance, zeolite, silica gel, and alumina or mixtures thereof are preferred, hazardous substances terms of adsorption of in particular a specific surface area of 500 meters ² / g or more, preferably activated carbon 800~1500m ² / g .

  Activated carbon includes wood, sawdust, palm shell, walnut shell and other fruit shells, fruit seeds, pulp production by-products, lignin, molasses, and other plant systems, peat, grass charcoal, lignite, lignite, lignite, anthracite, coke , Coal tar, coal pitch, petroleum distillation residue, mineral pitch such as petroleum pitch, synthetic materials such as phenol, saran, acrylic resin, natural materials such as recycled fiber (rayon), and carbonization and activation under known conditions Examples of the various activated carbons can be given.

  Examples of the polymer compound used in the hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention include PVA, polyacrylate such as sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, agar, sodium alginate, alginates such as calcium alginate, glycol chitosan, methyl Examples thereof include chitosans such as glycol chitosan, water-soluble polymer compounds such as isobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and carrageenan. These can be mixed and used.

  As the polymer compound, PVA, polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, or a mixture thereof is preferable from the viewpoint of solution viscosity, dispersibility of the porous material, and film strength after spraying and solidification. Of these, PVA is preferable. As PVA, what has PVA as a basic structural unit may be used, and modified PVA having ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene or the like as a comonomer unit can be exemplified. The modification ratio is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention, but is usually used at 20 mol% or less relative to PVA. In particular, PVA having an average polymerization degree of 500 or less, preferably 100 or more, and a saponification degree of 70 to 100 mol% is preferable.

  The hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention dissolves 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight of a polymer compound in 100 parts by weight of water, preferably 100 parts by weight of hot water, and 0% of a porous substance. It can be obtained by mixing and dispersing 1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight. The harmful substance treating agent thus obtained is sprayed and solidified on a building before demolition containing harmful substances using a spray gun used for spraying paint or the like. Solidification is carried out by leaving it at −5 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 1 to 72 hours, but it is also possible to adjust the temperature to shorten the solidification time. The hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention may be sprayed on harmful substance-containing dust floating in the air.

  It is surprising that a hazardous substance treating agent obtained by adding a small amount of activated carbon to a PVA aqueous solution can be easily contained by simply spraying and solidifying the target building with the hazardous substance treating agent. By using it, eliminating the worker's exposure problems and concerns about air pollution greatly reduces the worker's mental burden. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1
17.100 parts by weight of PVA having a polymerization degree of 200 and a saponification degree of 88 mol% (Kuraray Co., Ltd., KN205) 17.86 parts by weight is dissolved in 100 parts by weight of water, and a BET specific surface area of 1200 m ² as a porous substance. 1.19 parts by weight of activated carbon (KW manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) made from coal / g of coal as a raw material was pulverized to a particle size of 45 μm or less, and dispersed to prepare a hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention. The particle diameter of the activated carbon was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-3000S manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.

Chlorobenzene was used as a representative example of the organic halogen compound, and the removal effect of chlorobenzene was confirmed. To 100mL of the above hazardous substance treatment agent, 1200p
After adding 0.1 mL of chlorobenzene ethanol solution adjusted to the concentration of pm,
After sealing the container and shaking at 25 ° C., the removal rate of chlorobenzene was examined by the headspace method. The result is shown in FIG. 1, and the removal rate reached 100% in 4 hours. In actual use, after drying the harmful substance treating agent, it is naturally dried for 24 hours or more, so that it is understood that chlorobenzene is sufficiently adsorbed and removed before the harmful substance treating agent is sprayed and solidified.

Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3
Hazardous substance treatment agent (Example 2) prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using coconut shell activated carbon GW manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. having a specific surface area of 1200 m ² / g, and the same harmful substance treatment agent as in Example 1 For each 100 mL of (Example 3), 100 μl of a chlorobenzene ethanol solution adjusted to a concentration of 1200 ppm was added, the container was sealed and shaken at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the chlorobenzene removal rate was examined by the headspace method. . Comparing commercial dust suppressant to comparative examples that do not use a porous material Example 1, T _i O ₂ compares the commercial dust suppressant agent added is Example 2, Fe ₃ O ₄ was added for Comparative Example Table 3 shows the removal rate of chlorobenzene as 3.
From this result, it is understood that chlorobenzene is easily adsorbed and removed by the hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention and is not re-released.

Example 4
Asbestos impregnated with 5 mL of a chlorobenzene ethanol solution adjusted to a concentration of 1000 ppm was placed in a desiccator, and the hazardous substance treating agent used in Example 2 was sprayed on the asbestos using a spray gun. After drying and solidifying, the chlorobenzene concentration in the desiccator was measured, but no chlorobenzene was detected.

  According to the present invention, a hazardous substance treating agent can be provided. The hazardous substance treating agent of the present invention prevents dust from being scattered by spraying and solidifying on an incinerator or a building such as a building before dismantling and captures harmful substances such as organic halogen compounds contained in the dust. As a result, the exposure problems of workers and the concern about air pollution can be solved, which is industrially useful.

It is a graph which shows the relationship between the removal rate of chlorobenzene, and adsorption time.

Claims (7)

A harmful substance treatment agent comprising a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution containing activated carbon, wherein the weight composition of the harmful substance treatment agent has a saponification degree of 70 to 88 mol% with respect to 100 parts by weight of water. Hazardous substance treating agent that is 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of activated carbon.   The hazardous substance treating agent according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon has an average particle size of 50 μm or less. The hazardous substance treating agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the activated carbon has a specific surface area of 500 m ² / g or more.   The harmful substance treating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500 or less. The degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 100 to 200. The hazardous substance treating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   A method for treating a hazardous substance, comprising spraying the harmful substance treatment agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 onto the harmful substance and solidifying the harmful substance treatment agent.   A method for treating a hazardous substance, comprising spraying the harmful substance treating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 onto dust containing a harmful substance floating in the air.

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