JP5078939B2 - Train wind evaluation system and train wind evaluation program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a train wind evaluation method, a train wind evaluation system, and a train wind evaluation program for evaluating the influence of a train wind based on travel of a railway vehicle on a standing human body.

  The train wind is caused when the train passes through the platform of the station and becomes stronger depending on the train speed. Therefore, when speeding up the train, safety management is required in consideration of the influence of the train wind on a human body such as a standing passenger or a squatting maintenance worker in advance.

Koji Komino, Katsuji Tanemoto: “Train style and safety on the platform”, RRR, vol. 62, no. 11, p. 22-25, 2005

  However, there is no known method for evaluating the influence of the train wind on the standing human body.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a train wind evaluation method, a train wind evaluation system, and a train wind evaluation program for evaluating the influence of a train wind on a standing human body.

  Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be described with reference numerals. In addition, the code | symbol is for reference and is not limited to embodiment.

（f _n ：固有周波数、ζ：減衰比、K：ゲイン、T _d ：無駄時間） The train wind evaluation system according to the first feature of the present invention is the train wind evaluation system for evaluating the influence on the human body when the standing human body receives the train wind on the platform. and anemometer for measuring a horizontal component calculation means to calculating the horizontal component of the squared value and the floor reaction force obtained from the transfer function G (s) of the wind speed of the train air, the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is 30N a threshold comparing means determines that the threshold value or more, have a display means for displaying a signal indicating the presence or absence of a human body up and down movement of the standing based on the determination of the threshold value comparison means, the transfer function G (s ) Is obtained from the following equation.

(F _n : natural frequency, ζ: damping ratio, K: gain, T _d : dead time)

（f _n ：固有周波数、ζ：減衰比、K：ゲイン、T _d ：無駄時間） The train wind evaluation program according to the second feature of the present invention is a train wind evaluation program for evaluating an influence on a human body when a standing human body receives a train wind on a platform. and anemometer control means for measuring the velocity of the train air, and the horizontal component calculating means for calculating a horizontal component of the squared value and the floor reaction force obtained from the transfer function G (s) of the wind speed of the train air, the floor Threshold comparison means for determining that the horizontal component of the reaction force is greater than or equal to a threshold value of 30 N, and display control for displaying a signal indicating the presence or absence of vertical motion of the standing human body on the display means based on the determination by the threshold comparison means The transfer function G (s) is obtained from the following equation .

(F _n : natural frequency, ζ: damping ratio, K: gain, T _d : dead time)

  According to the train wind evaluation method, the train wind evaluation system, and the train wind evaluation program according to the present invention, the signal indicating the vertical motion of the standing human body is displayed based on the wind speed of the train wind. Sex can be evaluated.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of a train wind evaluation system. It is the schematic which shows the human body and train wind in the platform of a station. (A), (B) is the schematic which shows a test device. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a natural frequency and an attenuation ratio. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the horizontal component (Fx) of floor reaction force, and Fz fluctuation rate.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the train wind evaluation system 10 includes an anemometer 11 and an evaluation device 12 that measures and evaluates the anemometer 11 based on the wind speed. As the anemometer 11, for example, an ultrasonic anemometer is used. The evaluation device 12 includes a display unit 13, a storage unit 14, and a calculation unit 15.

  The display unit 13 includes, for example, a panel made of liquid crystal or organic EL (Electro-Luminescence). The display unit 13 displays a signal under a predetermined condition. As the signal, for example, color, image, and sound are used. The display unit 13 functions as display means of the present invention.

  The storage unit 14 stores the wind speed data measured by the anemometer 11 and the calculation result calculated by the calculation unit 15 based on the wind speed data.

  The calculation unit 15 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a calculation program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data necessary for calculation. ROM (Read Only Memory) stores a calculation program used for CPU calculation. The calculation unit 15 functions as an anemometer control means, horizontal component calculation means, threshold value comparison means, and display control means of the present invention. The calculation part 15 as an anemometer control means makes the anemometer 11 measure the wind speed of a train wind. The calculation unit 15 serving as a horizontal component calculation means reads the wind speed data into the RAM, and calculates the horizontal component of the floor reaction force based on the wind speed data using a ROM calculation program. The calculation unit 15 serving as a threshold comparison unit compares the horizontal component of the floor reaction force with the threshold, and determines that the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is equal to or greater than the threshold. The calculation unit 15 serving as a display control unit causes the display unit 13 to display a signal.

  Next, the usage method of the train wind evaluation system 10 is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, for example, a human body H1 stands on a platform 101 of a station. When the train 102 passes through the platform 101 in the direction of arrow F1, the train wind W1 hits the human body H1. The standing human body H1 resists the train wind W1 and maintains its posture, and therefore receives a reaction force (hereinafter referred to as a floor reaction force) from the floor of the platform 101. The floor reaction force has a horizontal component (horizontal drag) and a vertical component (vertical drag).

  Here, the train wind evaluation system 10 evaluates the vertical motion of a standing human body with respect to the wind speed of the train wind.

  In FIG. 2, an anemometer 11 measures the wind speed of a train wind. As shown in FIG. 1, the measured wind speed of the train wind is stored in the storage unit 14 of the evaluation device 12 as wind speed data.

  The calculation unit 15 of the evaluation device 12 causes the wind speed data in the storage unit 14 to be read into the RAM. The calculation unit 15 executes a calculation program stored in the ROM, and calculates the horizontal component of the floor reaction force using the wind speed data and the transfer function. In this calculation method, for example, a transfer function expression is converted into a state space expression, and a simultaneous first-order differential equation is numerically calculated by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The storage unit 14 stores the calculated horizontal component of the floor reaction force as horizontal component data. The calculation unit 15 reads the horizontal component data into the RAM and compares the horizontal component value of the floor reaction force with a threshold value of 30N. Here, the threshold value of 30 N indicates that the vertical motion of the standing human body starts. The up and down movement of the human body means, for example, that a heel floats and steps one foot.

  When the calculation unit 15 determines that the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is less than the threshold value of 30N, the calculation unit 15 displays a blue signal on the display unit 13. The blue signal indicates that the standing human body is not moving up and down. On the other hand, when the calculation unit 15 determines that the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is equal to or greater than the threshold value of 30 N, the display unit 13 displays red. Display the signal. A red signal indicates that a standing human body is moving up and down.

  According to the above embodiment, since the train wind evaluation system 10 displays a signal indicating the vertical movement of the human body when the wind speed of the train wind is equal to or higher than the threshold value of 30 N, the safety of the standing human body with respect to the train wind is displayed. Can be evaluated.

  It should be noted that the above embodiments can be changed and modified without changing the gist of the invention. The present embodiment may be applied to an altitude wind instead of a train wind.

Examples Determination of transfer function parameters First, the transfer function of the horizontal component of the wind speed and floor reaction force of the train wind will be described.

When a human body standing on the platform receives a train wind, the human body resists the train wind to maintain the posture and receives a floor reaction force (drag) from the floor (see FIG. 2). The square value (m / s) ² of the wind speed of this train wind is used as the input value, the horizontal component (Fx) (N) of the floor reaction force is used as the output value, and the spring-mass system model is applied to the standing human body. Then, the following relationship is established.

Y (s) = G (s) U (s)
Here, Y (s) is obtained by Laplace transforming the output. U (S) is a Laplace transform of the input. G (s) is a transfer function and is represented by the following equation.

（f _n ：固有周波数、ζ：減衰比、K：ゲイン、T_d：無駄時間）

( F _n : natural frequency, ζ: damping ratio, K: gain, T _d : dead time)

  Next, a method for determining each parameter of the transfer function will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, the test apparatus includes a louver device 21 installed in the wind tunnel, an anemometer 22 installed in front of the louver device 21, and subjects H 2 and H 3 leeward of the louver device 21. The floor reaction force meter 23 is mounted.

  The louver device 21 has 20 louvers and a link mechanism that opens and closes the louvers all at once in conjunction with the operation handle. The louver device 21 generates test winds W2 and W3 corresponding to train winds by opening and closing the louvers. The floor reaction force meter 23 measures the floor reaction force applied to the subjects H2 and H3. The floor reaction force has a horizontal component (Fx) and a vertical component (Fz).

Test Wind Conditions The test winds W2 and W3 have stepped wind speeds, that is, the wind speeds of the test winds W2 and W3 increase sharply with the start of the test wind and reach a steady wind speed in about 0.5 seconds. The test winds W2 and W3 steady wind speeds were 10 m / s and 15 m / s, respectively. The operating time of the steady wind speed of the test winds W2 and W3 is about 5 seconds. The generation of step-like wind speed was adjusted by controlling the louver with an electric motor.

Posture The subject stood naturally, standing with his legs open to the shoulder width, his hands raised toward the body, and his eyes facing horizontally. As test 1, as shown in FIG. 3A, the subject H2 turned his back against the test wind W2. As test 2, as shown in FIG. 3B, the subject H3 turned sideways with respect to the test wind W3.

Test Method A step response test was performed using the test winds W2 and W3.

  As Test 1, as shown in FIG. 3A, the louver device 21 outputs a step-like test wind W2 having a steady wind speed of 10 m / s toward the subject H2 with a predetermined operating time. Subject H2 receives test wind W2 from the back. At this time, the anemometer 22 measured the wind speed of the test wind W2, and the floor reaction force meter 23 measured the floor reaction force applied to the subject H2. The number of subjects was 16.

  As Test 2, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), the louver device 21 outputs a step-like test wind W3 having a steady wind speed of 15 m / s toward the subject H3 for a predetermined operating time. Subject H3 receives test wind W3 from the side. At this time, the anemometer 22 measured the wind speed of the test wind W3, and the floor reaction force meter 23 measured the floor reaction force applied to the subject H3. The number of subjects was 8.

Parameter estimation method The parameters of the transfer function were estimated from the wind speed of the test wind and the horizontal component of the floor reaction force. As a search method for parameters of the transfer function, a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm was used.

  Table 1 shows the estimation result of the parameters of the transfer function using the measurement result of Test 1.

表２は、試験２の結果を用いた伝達関数のパラメータの推定結果を示す。

Table 2 shows the estimation results of transfer function parameters using the results of Test 2.

  In the case of Test 1, the natural frequency (fn) was in the range of 0.63 Hz to 2.26 Hz, and the average was 1.27 Hz. The damping ratio (ζ) was in the range of 0.07 to 0.30, and the average was 0.16 (see FIG. 4). The gain (K) was in the range of 0.28 to 0.38, and the average was 0.33. The dead time (Td) was in the range of 0.00 to 0.14 sec, and the average was 0.02 sec.

  On the other hand, in the case of Test 2, the natural frequency (fn) was in the range of 1.13 Hz to 2.58 Hz, and the average was 1.50 Hz. The damping ratio (ζ) was in the range of 0.09 to 0.42, and the average was 0.25 (see FIG. 4). The gain (K) was in the range of 0.21 to 0.24, and the average was 0.23. The dead time (Td) was in the range of 0.00 to 0.045 sec, and the average was 0.01 sec.

  From the above estimation results, the gain (K) is larger in the test 1 than in the test 2. This is considered to be because the subject is more susceptible to the test wind from the back than the subject receives the test wind from the side. Therefore, the parameter estimation result of test 1 is adopted.

  Next, from the result of test 1, subject NO. 9 parameter estimation results are adopted. Table 3 shows the subject NO. 9 attributes are shown.

  Subject NO. The reason for selecting 9 is that it is the smallest of the subjects, and there is a high possibility that vertical movement will occur with the horizontal component of the smallest floor reaction force (the wrinkle will float).

  From the above, if the wind speed of the train wind is measured, the horizontal component (Fx) of the floor reaction force can be determined from the wind speed based on the transfer function.

Determination of the threshold value of the horizontal component (Fx) of the floor reaction force Next, a method of determining the threshold value of the horizontal component (Fx) of the floor reaction force will be described.

Test apparatus The test apparatus shown in Fig. 3A was used.

Test Wind Conditions Test wind W4 has a triangular wave speed. The wind speed of the test wind W4 increases from the start of the action time, reaches a peak value at the center of the action time, and decreases from the center of the action time to the end. The peak value of the test wind W4 is about 5 m / s to about 30 m / s. The working time of the test wind W4 is 0.4 sec to 4.0 sec. The generation of the triangular wave velocity was adjusted by controlling the louver with an electric motor.

Posture The subject stood naturally, standing with his legs open to the shoulder width, his hands raised toward the body, and his eyes facing horizontally. As shown in FIG. 3A, the subject H2 turned his back against the test wind.

Test Method A wind speed response test was performed using the test wind. As shown in FIG. 3A, the louver device 21 outputs a test wind W4 having a triangular wave speed toward the subject H2 with a predetermined action time. Subject H2 receives test wind W4 from the back. At this time, the anemometer 22 measured the wind speed of the test wind W4, and the floor reaction force meter 23 measured the floor reaction force (horizontal component (Fx) and vertical component (Fz)) applied to the subject H2.

Test Results FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the horizontal component (Fx) and vertical component (Fz) variation rate (hereinafter referred to as Fz variation rate) of the floor reaction force. Here, the Fz fluctuation rate is a value obtained by dividing the vertical component fluctuation (pp value (peak-to-peak value)) of the floor reaction force by dividing the weight of the subject and normalizing the magnitude of the vertical movement. Means. The Fz variation rate at each measurement point is about 10% or less in the horizontal component (Fx) of the floor reaction force of less than 30 N, and hardly changes. On the other hand, when the horizontal component (Fx) of the floor reaction force exceeds 30N, the Fz fluctuation rate rapidly exceeds 10%. Accordingly, since the horizontal component of the floor reaction force of 30N has criticality, the horizontal component of the floor reaction force of 30N was determined as the threshold value. This threshold value of 30N is a value at which the subject's up and down movement starts. Phenomenologically, it is explained that the subject's heel begins to float and the subject takes a step. Moreover, the threshold value of 30N acts on the safety side.

  Here, the relationship between the threshold value of the horizontal component of the floor reaction force and the subjective evaluation will be described. In the graph shown in FIG. 4, ◯ indicates that the test subject determines that the wind speed at the peak value of the test wind corresponding to the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is acceptable as the train wind on the station platform. In the figure, Δ indicates that the subject determined that the wind speed of the peak value of the test wind corresponding to the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is not acceptable as the train wind on the station platform. Also in this subjective evaluation, it is recognized that the unacceptable increases rapidly with the horizontal component of the floor reaction force of 30 N as a boundary. Therefore, the horizontal component of the floor reaction force of 30 N was confirmed as a threshold value even by subjective evaluation.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Train wind evaluation system 11 Anemometer 12 Evaluation apparatus 13 Display part 14 Memory | storage part 15 Calculation part

Claims (2)

In the train wind evaluation system that evaluates the influence on the human body when the human body standing on the platform receives the train wind,
And anemometer to measure the wind speed of the train style,
Horizontal component computing means for computing the horizontal component of the floor reaction force obtained from the square value of the wind speed of the train wind and the transfer function G (s) ;
Threshold comparison means for determining that the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is equal to or greater than a threshold of 30 N;
Have a display means for displaying a signal indicating the presence or absence of vertical movement of the human body of the standing based on the determination of the threshold comparator,
The train wind evaluation system, wherein the transfer function G (s) is obtained from the following equation.

(F _n : natural frequency, ζ: damping ratio, K: gain, T _d : dead time) In a train wind evaluation program that evaluates the influence of a human body standing on the platform when it receives a train wind,
Computer
And anemometer control means for measuring the velocity of the train wind anemometer,
Horizontal component computing means for computing the horizontal component of the floor reaction force obtained from the square value of the wind speed of the train wind and the transfer function G (s) ;
Threshold comparison means for determining that the horizontal component of the floor reaction force is equal to or greater than a threshold of 30 N;
Based on the determination of the threshold comparison means, the display means functions as a display control means for displaying a signal indicating the presence or absence of the vertical motion of the standing human body ,
The transfer function G (s) is obtained from the following equation, and the train wind evaluation program.

(F _n : natural frequency, ζ: damping ratio, K: gain, T _d : dead time)

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