JP5116731B2 - Method for producing fermented milk - Google Patents
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- JP5116731B2 JP5116731B2 JP2009153841A JP2009153841A JP5116731B2 JP 5116731 B2 JP5116731 B2 JP 5116731B2 JP 2009153841 A JP2009153841 A JP 2009153841A JP 2009153841 A JP2009153841 A JP 2009153841A JP 5116731 B2 JP5116731 B2 JP 5116731B2
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- 235000015140 cultured milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 154
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 111
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000186672 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Species 0.000 claims 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 244000199885 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000194036 Lactococcus Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IJKRDVKGCQRKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactobacillinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCC1CC1CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IJKRDVKGCQRKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020244 animal milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJKRDVKGCQRKBI-ZWKOTPCHSA-N lactobacillic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@H]1C[C@H]1CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IJKRDVKGCQRKBI-ZWKOTPCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、発酵乳、特に、前発酵タイプのソフトヨーグルトまたはドリンクヨーグルトの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing fermented milk, particularly pre-fermented type soft yogurt or drink yogurt.
発酵乳は「乳等省令」で、乳またはこれと同等以上の無脂乳固形分を含む乳などを乳酸菌または酵母で発酵させ、糊状または液状にしたもの、またはこれらを凍結したものと定義されている。 発酵乳の分類では、(a)容器に充填した後に発酵させ、固化させたハードヨーグルト(固形状発酵乳、セットタイプヨーグルト)と、(b)発酵後にカードを粉砕し、容器に充填したソフトヨーグルト(糊状発酵乳)と、(c)ソフトヨーグルトを均質機でさらに細かく砕き、液状の性質を高めたドリンクヨーグルト(液状発酵乳)、に大別される。 Fermented milk is “Ministerial Ordinance of Milk” and defined as milk or milk containing non-fat milk solids equal to or higher than this, fermented with lactic acid bacteria or yeast, made into a paste or liquid, or frozen. Has been. In classification of fermented milk, (a) hard yoghurt (solid fermented milk, set type yoghurt) fermented and solidified after filling into a container, and (b) soft yoghurt crushed after filling and filled into a container It is roughly classified into (paste-form fermented milk) and (c) drink yogurt (liquid fermented milk) whose soft properties are improved by further finely pulverizing soft yogurt with a homogenizer.
日本における発酵乳の成分規格は、無脂乳固形分が8%以上、乳酸菌数または酵母数(1ml当り)が1000万以上、と定められている。また、FAO/WHOによるヨーグルトの国際的規格によると、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)及びストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus)の作用により、乳または乳製品を乳酸発酵して得た凝固乳製品を、ヨーグルトと定義している。 The component specification of fermented milk in Japan is defined as a solid content of non-fat milk of 8% or more and a lactic acid bacteria count or yeast count (per ml) of 10 million or more. In addition, according to the international standard of yogurt by FAO / WHO, coagulated milk product obtained by lactic acid fermentation of milk or milk product by the action of Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( Streptococcus thermophilus ) Is defined as yogurt.
ヨーグルトは、乳酸菌の生菌を含むため、長期間保存した場合、乳酸菌が生成する乳酸等によって経時的に酸度が増大し、風味が劣化するという問題がある。
この問題を軽減するために、従来より、種々の方法が提案されている。
一例として、ヨーグルト素材組成物に乳酸菌を加え、組成物中の乳の発酵度合を所望のものとしたものを低温に放置したのち、該乳酸菌の高温側発育停止限界温度以上であって完全死滅に至らない温度、時間条件下に加熱し、これを冷却することを特徴とする、乳酸菌の生菌を含むヨーグルトの製造方法が提案されている(特許文献1)。
このヨーグルトの製造方法において、乳酸菌がラクトバチルス・ブルガリカスである場合、高温側発育停止限界温度は50〜55℃であり、完全死滅条件は例えば63℃で30分間である。
他の例として、キトサンを含有してなる酸度上昇を抑制した発酵乳が、提案されている(特許文献2)。
Since yogurt contains live bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, when stored for a long period of time, there is a problem that the acidity increases with time due to lactic acid produced by the lactic acid bacteria and the flavor deteriorates.
In order to alleviate this problem, various methods have been conventionally proposed.
As an example, after adding lactic acid bacteria to the yogurt material composition and leaving the milk fermentation degree desired in the composition at a low temperature, it is above the high temperature side growth stop limit temperature of the lactic acid bacteria and completely killed. There has been proposed a method for producing yogurt containing live lactic acid bacteria, which is characterized by heating under low temperature and time conditions and cooling it (Patent Document 1).
In this method for producing yogurt, when the lactic acid bacterium is Lactobacillus bulgaricus, the high temperature side growth stop limit temperature is 50 to 55 ° C., and the complete killing condition is, for example, 63 ° C. for 30 minutes.
As another example, fermented milk containing chitosan that suppresses an increase in acidity has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
特許文献1に記載の技術は、特定の加熱温度及び加熱時間で処理するものであり、加熱条件の調整が煩雑であるうえ、加熱のための熱エネルギーが必要であり、さらに、加熱温度が高い場合、ヨーグルトの風味が劣化する可能性があるという問題がある。
また、特許文献2に記載の技術は、発酵乳には通常含有させないキトサンを添加物として用いることによる商品力の低下や、キトサンによる発酵乳の風味の変化などの問題がある。
そこで、本発明は、発酵後の加熱や添加物の添加などを行わずに、経時的な酸度の増大を抑制して、適度な酸味を長期間に亘って保ち、良好な風味を維持しうる発酵乳の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
The technique described in Patent Document 1 is a process at a specific heating temperature and heating time, requires complicated heating conditions, requires heat energy for heating, and has a high heating temperature. In this case, there is a problem that the flavor of yogurt may be deteriorated.
Moreover, the technique described in Patent Document 2 has problems such as a reduction in commercial power due to the use of chitosan that is not usually contained in fermented milk as an additive, and a change in the flavor of fermented milk due to chitosan.
Therefore, the present invention can suppress an increase in acidity over time without performing heating after fermentation or addition of additives, etc., and can maintain an appropriate acidity over a long period of time and maintain a good flavor. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of fermented milk.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、発酵乳の原料に乳酸桿菌であるラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(本明細書中、単に乳酸桿菌と称することがある。)及び乳酸球菌であるストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(本明細書中、単に乳酸球菌と称することがある。)を添加し発酵させた後、得られた発酵乳の冷却と同時にまたは冷却の後に、酸素の供給の終了時における溶存酸素濃度が12〜50ppmになるように発酵乳に酸素を供給すれば、酸素を供給しない場合に比べて、乳酸桿菌の数については経時的な減少の度合いが大きく、かつ、乳酸球菌の数については経時的な減少の度合いが乳酸桿菌の数における経時的な減少の度合いに比べて小さいこと、及び、このように乳酸桿菌の数の経時的な減少が著しいことから、酸度の増大の主な原因菌とされている乳酸桿菌による乳酸等の酸味成分の生成が、酸素を供給しない場合に比べて抑制され、それゆえ、長期間に亘る低温保存時の酸度の増大による発酵乳の風味の劣化が抑制されること、さらには、乳酸球菌の数については、酸素を供給しない場合に、それと同じ条件での乳酸桿菌の数の減少に比べて減少の度合いが小さいことから、乳酸菌全体の生菌数が、長期間に亘って一定以上に維持され、発酵乳としての商品価値が維持されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that lactobacilli bulgaricus (sometimes simply referred to herein as lactobacilli) and lactobacilli as fermented milk materials . Streptococcus thermophilus (sometimes referred to simply as lactic acid cocci in this specification) is fermented , and at the end of the supply of oxygen simultaneously with or after cooling the obtained fermented milk If oxygen is supplied to the fermented milk so that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the milk is 12 to 50 ppm, the number of lactobacilli is decreased over time compared to the case where oxygen is not supplied, and Regarding the number, the degree of decrease over time is smaller than the degree of decrease over time in the number of lactobacilli, and the decrease over time in the number of lactobacilli is thus significant. Therefore, the production of sour components such as lactic acid by Lactobacillus, which is considered to be the main cause of the increase in acidity, is suppressed as compared with the case where oxygen is not supplied, and therefore the acidity during low-temperature storage over a long period of time is suppressed. Deterioration of the flavor of fermented milk due to the increase is suppressed, and furthermore, the number of lactic acid cocci is less when compared with the decrease in the number of lactobacilli under the same conditions when oxygen is not supplied Thus, the present inventors have found that the number of viable bacteria in the whole lactic acid bacteria is maintained at a certain level or more over a long period of time, and the commercial value as fermented milk is maintained, thereby completing the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]〜[5]を提供するものである。
[1]発酵乳の原料に乳酸桿菌であるラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス及び乳酸球菌であるストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスを添加し発酵させて、発酵乳を得る発酵工程と、上記発酵工程の後、上記発酵乳を冷却する冷却工程と、上記冷却工程と同時に、または、上記冷却工程の後に、上記発酵乳に酸素を供給して、当該酸素の供給の終了時における溶存酸素濃度が12〜50ppmである発酵乳を得る酸素供給工程とを含むことを特徴とする発酵乳の製造方法。
[2]上記酸素供給工程における酸素の供給時の上記発酵乳の温度が25℃以下である上記[1]に記載の発酵乳の製造方法。
[3]上記酸素供給工程における酸素の供給の終了時から25日間経過後の時点までの10℃の温度下での酸度の増大の幅が、0.20%以下である上記[1]又は[2]に記載の発酵乳の製造方法。
[4]上記発酵乳が前発酵型の発酵乳である上記[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の発酵乳の製造方法。
[5]上記前発酵型の発酵乳がソフトヨーグルトまたはドリンクヨーグルトである上記[4]に記載の発酵乳の製造方法。
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [ 5 ].
[1] A fermentation process for obtaining fermented milk by adding Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus lactobacilli to the raw material of the fermented milk to obtain fermented milk, and the fermented milk after the fermentation process A fermented milk in which oxygen is supplied to the fermented milk and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the oxygen supply is 12 to 50 ppm at the same time as or after the cooling process. A method for producing fermented milk, comprising: an oxygen supply step for obtaining
[2] The method for producing fermented milk according to [1], wherein the temperature of the fermented milk at the time of supplying oxygen in the oxygen supplying step is 25 ° C. or lower.
[3] The above [1] or [3], wherein the range of increase in acidity at a temperature of 10 ° C. from the end of the supply of oxygen in the oxygen supply step to the time after 25 days has elapsed is 0.20% or less. [2] The method for producing fermented milk according to [2].
[ 4 ] The method for producing fermented milk according to any one of [1] to [ 3 ], wherein the fermented milk is a pre-fermented fermented milk.
[ 5 ] The method for producing fermented milk according to the above [ 4 ], wherein the pre-fermented fermented milk is soft yogurt or drink yogurt.
本発明によると、酸素の影響によって乳酸桿菌の生菌数が経時的に大幅に減少するので、酸素を供給しない場合に比べて、乳酸等の酸味成分の量の増大が抑制され、長期間に亘る低温保存時に、適度な酸味を保つことができ、酸味が強すぎることによる発酵乳の風味の劣化を防止することができる。例えば、酸素を供給しない場合に14日間である賞味期間を20〜30日間に延長することができる。
また、本発明によると、乳酸桿菌に比べて酸素の影響が少ない乳酸球菌については、酸素を供給しても必要な生菌数が確保されるので、発酵乳としての商品価値を維持することができる。
さらに、本発明によると、発酵後の加熱や添加物の添加を行わないので、発酵乳本来の風味を損ねることがなく、良好な風味を得ることができる。
According to the present invention, the viable number of lactobacilli significantly decreases over time due to the influence of oxygen, so that an increase in the amount of sour components such as lactic acid is suppressed as compared with the case where oxygen is not supplied, and for a long period of time. At the time of low temperature storage, an appropriate sourness can be maintained, and deterioration of the flavor of fermented milk due to an excessively strong sourness can be prevented. For example, when oxygen is not supplied, the shelf life of 14 days can be extended to 20-30 days.
In addition, according to the present invention, for lactic acid cocci that are less affected by oxygen compared to lactobacilli, the necessary number of viable bacteria is ensured even if oxygen is supplied, so that the commercial value as fermented milk can be maintained. it can.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the heating after fermentation and the addition of additives are not performed, the original flavor of fermented milk is not impaired and a good flavor can be obtained.
本発明の発酵乳の製造方法は、(A)発酵乳の原料に乳酸桿菌であるラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス及び乳酸球菌であるストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスを添加し発酵させて、発酵乳を得る発酵工程と、(B)上記発酵工程の後、上記発酵乳を冷却する冷却工程と、(C)上記冷却工程と同時に、または、上記冷却工程の後に、上記発酵乳に酸素を供給して、当該酸素の供給の終了時における溶存酸素濃度が12〜50ppmである発酵乳を得る酸素供給工程と、を含むものである。
なお、本発明の製造方法で得られる発酵乳は、発酵乳の原料に発酵のスターターとして乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌を添加し発酵させた後に、酸素を供給して得られるものであるため、セットタイプヨーグルトとしての製造が困難であり、前発酵型とよばれるソフトヨーグルトまたはドリンクヨーグルトに分類されるものである。
以下、各工程について詳しく説明する。
The method for producing fermented milk of the present invention comprises (A) a fermentation process in which Lactobacillus bulgaricus that is a lactobacilli and Streptococcus thermophilus that is a lactic acid cocci are added to the raw material of fermented milk and fermented to obtain fermented milk; , (B) a cooling step for cooling the fermented milk after the fermentation step, and (C) supplying oxygen to the fermented milk simultaneously with the cooling step or after the cooling step , And an oxygen supply step of obtaining fermented milk having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 12 to 50 ppm at the end of the supply .
The fermented milk obtained by the production method of the present invention is obtained by adding lactic acid bacillus and lactic acid cocci as fermentation starters to the raw material of fermented milk and then fermenting them, so that it is set type. Production as yogurt is difficult, and is classified into soft yogurt or drink yogurt called pre-fermentation type.
Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
[(A)発酵工程]
発酵工程は、発酵乳の原料に乳酸桿菌であるラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス及び乳酸球菌であるストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスを添加し発酵させて、発酵乳を得る工程である。
本明細書において、発酵乳の原料とは、少なくとも原料乳を含むものをいう。
ここで、原料乳の例としては、牛乳等の獣乳や、その加工品(例えば、脱脂乳、脱脂粉乳、れん乳、乳清、クリーム等)や、大豆由来の豆乳等の植物性乳等が挙げられる。
発酵乳の原料の一例として、発酵乳原料ミックスと呼ばれるものが挙げられる。
発酵乳原料ミックスとは、原料乳及び他の成分を含む混合物であり、例えば、原料乳、砂糖、糖類、香料、水等の、発酵乳の製造に常用される原料を加温して溶解し、混合することで得られる。発酵乳原料ミックスに安定剤を含む場合は、ゼラチンなどの安定剤を水などの溶媒に予め加温溶解し、これと他の成分を混合することによって、発酵乳原料ミックスが得られる。
[(A) Fermentation process]
The fermentation process is a process for obtaining fermented milk by adding Lactobacillus bulgaricus, which is a lactobacilli, and Streptococcus thermophilus, which is a lactic acid cocci , to the raw material of fermented milk and fermenting them.
In this specification, the raw material of fermented milk means what contains at least raw material milk.
Examples of raw milk include animal milk such as cow's milk, processed products thereof (for example, skim milk, skim milk powder, spinach milk, whey, cream, etc.), vegetable milk such as soybean milk derived from soybeans, etc. Is mentioned.
As an example of the raw material of fermented milk, what is called fermented milk raw material mix is mentioned.
A fermented milk raw material mix is a mixture containing raw milk and other ingredients, such as raw milk, sugar, sugars, fragrances, water, etc. Obtained by mixing. When the fermented milk raw material mix contains a stabilizer, a fermented milk raw material mix can be obtained by preliminarily heating and dissolving a stabilizer such as gelatin in a solvent such as water and mixing this with other components.
発酵乳の原料にスターターとして接種する乳酸菌としては、乳酸桿菌であるラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、及び、乳酸球菌であるストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus)が用いられる。
ラクトバチルス・ブルガリカスは、酸素を供給しない場合に比べて、酸素による生菌数の経時的な減少の程度が大きく、本発明の効果が顕著に得られる点で用いられ、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスは、酸素による生菌数への影響が少ないため、酸素を供給しても発酵乳として必要な生菌数が確保されるので、酸素の供給後の発酵乳に含まれる乳酸菌全体の生菌数を、長期間に亘って一定以上に維持するのに大きく寄与することができる点で用いられる。
Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( Streptococcus thermophilus ) that are lactobacilli are used as lactic acid bacteria that are inoculated as a starter to the raw material of fermented milk.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus is oxygen as compared with the case of not supplying the degree of temporal decrease in the number of viable bacteria by oxygen is large, the effect of the present invention is used in that the resulting pronounced, Streptococcus thermophilus is Since the number of viable bacteria necessary for fermented milk is ensured even if oxygen is supplied, the number of viable bacteria in the whole lactic acid bacteria contained in the fermented milk after supplying oxygen is reduced. used in that it can contribute significantly to maintain constant over a long period of time.
本発明において、乳酸桿菌としてラクトバチルス・ブルガリカスを用い、かつ、乳酸球菌としてストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスを用いることは、本発明の効果を十分に得るためである。なお、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリカスとストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスの併用は、ヨーグルト等の製造において通常行われていることである。
本発明において、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌として、特異な性質を有する変異株を使用する必要はなく、汎用の菌株を用いることができる。
発酵温度は、良好な風味の発酵乳を効率的に得る観点から、30〜48℃、好ましくは35〜48℃、より好ましくは38〜45℃である。
発酵時間は、良好な風味の発酵乳を効率的に得る観点から、好ましくは2〜20時間、より好ましくは4〜15時間である。
In the present invention, using a Lactobacillus bulgaricus as lactobacillus, and the use of Streptococcus thermophilus as lactic acid streptococci, in order to obtain the effect of the present invention sufficiently. The combined use of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus is commonly performed in the production of yogurt and the like.
In the present invention, it is not necessary to use mutants having specific properties as lactobacilli and lactic acid cocci, and general-purpose strains can be used.
Fermentation temperature is 30-48 degreeC from a viewpoint of obtaining the fermented milk of favorable flavor efficiently, Preferably it is 35-48 degreeC, More preferably, it is 38-45 degreeC.
The fermentation time is preferably 2 to 20 hours, more preferably 4 to 15 hours, from the viewpoint of efficiently obtaining fermented milk having a good flavor.
[(B)冷却工程など]
本発明の発酵乳の製造方法は、発酵工程の前に殺菌工程等を含むことができる。
殺菌工程における殺菌方法の例としては、120〜130℃で数秒間殺菌するUHT(超高温殺菌)や、90〜95℃で数十分間殺菌するHTST(高温殺菌)等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の発酵乳の製造方法は、発酵工程の後に、冷却工程、均質化工程、糖液等の他成分の添加工程等を含むことができる。
冷却工程は、発酵乳の温度を発酵温度(例えば、43℃)から所定の低温(例えば、10℃)に低下させる工程である。
均質化工程は、発酵乳に圧力を加えて、発酵乳に含まれるカードなどの固形成分を細かく分散させて、発酵乳を均質化する工程である。均質化工程は、酸素供給工程の前と後のいずれでもよい。
本発明の発酵乳の製造方法の一例として、殺菌工程、発酵工程、冷却工程、均質化工程、をこの順に含み、かつ、冷却工程と同時に後述の酸素供給工程を行なうものが挙げられる。この場合、糖液等の他成分の添加工程は、均質化工程の後に含めることができる。
本発明の発酵乳の製造方法の他の例として、殺菌工程、発酵工程、冷却工程、均質化工程、後述の酸素供給工程、をこの順に含むものが挙げられる。この場合、糖液等の他成分の添加工程は、均質化工程と酸素供給工程の間に含めてもよいし、あるいは、酸素供給工程と同時に行なってもよい。
[(B) Cooling process, etc.]
The manufacturing method of fermented milk of this invention can include a sterilization process etc. before a fermentation process.
Examples of the sterilization method in the sterilization process include UHT (ultra high temperature sterilization) sterilized at 120 to 130 ° C. for several seconds, HTST (high temperature sterilization) sterilized at 90 to 95 ° C. for several tens of minutes, and the like.
Moreover, the manufacturing method of fermented milk of this invention can include the addition process of other components, such as a cooling process, a homogenization process, and a sugar liquid, after a fermentation process.
A cooling process is a process of reducing the temperature of fermented milk from fermentation temperature (for example, 43 degreeC) to predetermined low temperature (for example, 10 degreeC).
The homogenization step is a step of homogenizing the fermented milk by applying pressure to the fermented milk and finely dispersing solid components such as curd contained in the fermented milk. The homogenization step may be either before or after the oxygen supply step.
An example of the method for producing fermented milk of the present invention includes a sterilization step, a fermentation step, a cooling step, and a homogenization step in this order, and performing an oxygen supply step described later simultaneously with the cooling step. In this case, the step of adding other components such as sugar solution can be included after the homogenization step.
As another example of the method for producing fermented milk of the present invention, a method including a sterilization step, a fermentation step, a cooling step, a homogenization step, and an oxygen supply step described later in this order can be given. In this case, the step of adding other components such as a sugar solution may be included between the homogenization step and the oxygen supply step, or may be performed simultaneously with the oxygen supply step.
[(C)酸素供給工程]
酸素供給工程は、冷却工程と同時に、または、冷却工程の後に、発酵乳に酸素を供給して、当該酸素の供給の終了時における溶存酸素濃度が12〜50ppmである発酵乳を得る工程である。
ここでの酸素は、発酵乳に気体としての酸素を供給して、発酵乳に含まれる溶存酸素量を増大させうる形態であればよく、通常、酸素含有ガスとして供給される。酸素含有ガスの例としては、酸素ガス、空気等が挙げられる。
酸素の供給方法としては、発酵乳を収容した貯留槽内の上部の空間に酸素ガス等の酸素含有ガスを通気させる方法や、発酵乳の中に挿通した管によって酸素含有ガスを気泡として発酵乳の中に供給する方法等が挙げられる。発酵乳を収容した貯留槽内の上部の空間に酸素ガス等の酸素含有ガスを通気させる方法は、発酵乳における気泡の発生を抑えることができるため、好ましい。
また、酸素の供給時に発酵乳を撹拌することは、発酵乳の溶存酸素量を効率的に増大させる点で好ましい。
[(C) Oxygen supply step]
The oxygen supply step is a step of supplying fermented milk to the fermented milk simultaneously with the cooling step or after the cooling step to obtain fermented milk having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 12 to 50 ppm at the end of the supply of the oxygen. .
The oxygen here may be in any form that can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen contained in the fermented milk by supplying oxygen as a gas to the fermented milk, and is usually supplied as an oxygen-containing gas. Examples of the oxygen-containing gas include oxygen gas and air.
As oxygen supply methods, oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen gas is passed through the upper space in the storage tank containing fermented milk, or oxygen-containing gas is used as bubbles through a tube inserted into the fermented milk. The method etc. which supply in are mentioned. A method of ventilating oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen gas in the upper space in the storage tank containing fermented milk is preferable because the generation of bubbles in the fermented milk can be suppressed.
Moreover, stirring fermented milk at the time of supply of oxygen is preferable at the point which increases the dissolved oxygen amount of fermented milk efficiently.
発酵乳に対する酸素の供給は、発酵乳中の溶存酸素濃度が12ppm以上になるまで行なえば良い。
この場合、酸素の供給量、供給時間等の諸条件は、特に限定されるものではないが、好適な例として例えば以下のものが挙げられる。
例えば、発酵乳1リットル当たりの酸素の供給量は、単位時間当たりの量として、毎分、好ましくは0.1リットル以上、より好ましくは0.3リットル以上、特に好ましくは0.5リットル以上である。該供給量(リットル/分)の上限は、特に限定されないが、酸素の供給量を増大させても、酸度の増大の抑制効果が頭打ちとなることから、通常、10リットル/分である。
また、例えば、発酵乳に対する酸素の供給時間は、該供給時間が長いほど、酸度の増大の抑制効果が大きいことから、好ましくは10分以上、より好ましくは20分以上、特に好ましくは30分以上である。
酸素の供給は、発酵工程における上述の特定の温度下での発酵の終了後、発酵乳の温度の低下中、または、低下後に行うことが望ましい。
酸素の供給時の発酵乳の温度は、溶存酸素量を高める観点から、好ましくは25℃以下、より好ましくは15℃以下である。
The supply of oxygen to the fermented milk may be performed until the dissolved oxygen concentration in the fermented milk reaches 12 ppm or more.
In this case, various conditions such as oxygen supply amount and supply time are not particularly limited, but suitable examples include the following.
For example, the supply amount of oxygen per liter of fermented milk is, as the amount per unit time, preferably every minute, preferably 0.1 liters or more, more preferably 0.3 liters or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 liters or more. is there. The upper limit of the supply amount (liter / minute) is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 liter / minute because the effect of suppressing the increase in acidity reaches its peak even if the supply amount of oxygen is increased.
For example, the oxygen supply time for fermented milk is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 20 minutes or more, and particularly preferably 30 minutes or more because the longer the supply time, the greater the effect of suppressing the increase in acidity. It is.
The supply of oxygen is desirably performed after the fermentation at the specific temperature described above in the fermentation process is finished, during or after the temperature of the fermented milk is lowered.
Temperature of the fermented milk at the time the supply of oxygen, in view of enhancing the amount of dissolved oxygen, preferably 25 ° C. or less, more preferably 15 ℃ or less.
酸素の供給の終了時における発酵乳のpHは、適度な酸味を付与する観点から、好ましくは4.15〜4.35である。
酸素の供給の終了時から20日間経過後の時点における発酵乳のpHは、酸味が強すぎることによる発酵乳の風味の劣化を防止する観点から、10℃の温度下で、好ましくは4.03〜4.35である。
酸素の供給の終了時から20日間経過後の時点までの発酵乳のpHの低下の幅は、10℃の温度下で、好ましくは0.24以下である。
酸素の供給の終了時における発酵乳の酸度は、適度な酸味を付与する観点から、好ましくは0.70〜0.80%である。
酸素の供給の終了時から20日間経過後の時点における発酵乳の酸度は、酸味が強すぎることによる発酵乳の風味の劣化を防止する観点から、10℃の温度下で、好ましくは0.70〜0.93%である。
酸素の供給の終了時から所定の時間経過後の時点までの発酵乳の酸度の増大の幅は、好ましくは、酸素の供給の終了時から25日間経過後の時点までの発酵乳の酸度の増大の幅が10℃の温度下で0.20%以下であり、より好ましくは、酸素の供給の終了時から20日間経過後の時点までの発酵乳の酸度の増大の幅が10℃の温度下で0.20%以下である。
酸度とは、乳酸の質量に換算した酸の濃度(質量%)である。
酸素の供給の終了時において、発酵乳中の溶存酸素濃度は、12ppm以上、好ましくは15ppm以上である。該溶存酸素濃度の上限は、50ppmである。
The pH of fermented milk at the end of the supply of oxygen is preferably 4.15 to 4.35 from the viewpoint of imparting an appropriate acidity.
The pH of the fermented milk after 20 days from the end of the supply of oxygen is preferably 4.03 at a temperature of 10 ° C. from the viewpoint of preventing the deterioration of the flavor of the fermented milk due to the too strong acidity. ~ 4.35.
The range of decrease in pH of fermented milk from the end of the supply of oxygen to the time after 20 days has elapsed is preferably 0.24 or less at a temperature of 10 ° C.
The acidity of the fermented milk at the end of the supply of oxygen is preferably 0.70 to 0.80% from the viewpoint of imparting an appropriate acidity.
The acidity of the fermented milk after 20 days from the end of the supply of oxygen is preferably 0.70 at a temperature of 10 ° C., from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of the flavor of the fermented milk due to too strong acidity. ~ 0.93%.
The range of increase in the acidity of the fermented milk from the end of the supply of oxygen to the time after a predetermined time has passed, preferably the increase in the acidity of the fermented milk from the end of the supply of oxygen to the time after 25 days The range of the acidity of the fermented milk from the end of the supply of oxygen to the point after the lapse of 20 days is preferably 10 ° C. Is 0.20% or less.
The acidity is the acid concentration (% by mass) converted to the mass of lactic acid.
At the end of the supply of oxygen, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the fermented milk is 12 ppm or more , preferably 15 ppm or more. The upper limit of the dissolved oxygen concentration is 50 ppm.
[実施例1;均質化工程の前に酸素供給工程を含む実験例]
脱脂粉乳705g、水4195gを混合してなる発酵乳の原料(発酵乳原料ミックス)を調製し、95℃で10分間加熱殺菌した後、43℃まで冷却した。次に明治乳業社製「明治ブルガリアヨーグルト」より単離したラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)とストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus)の混合スターターを発酵乳原料ミックス100質量%に対して2.0質量%の量となるように接種し、タンク内で、43℃、5時間発酵させた。乳酸酸度が1.20%に到達したところで、10℃以下に冷却し発酵を停止させ、発酵乳を得た。
次いで、得られた発酵乳を2.0リットル容量の蓋付き容器に1.8リットル採取し、試料とした。この発酵乳の試料について、発酵乳1リットル当たり3リットル/分の量の酸素ガスを、容器上部の空間に60分間流通させ、溶存酸素量が増大した発酵乳(溶存酸素濃度:38.7ppm)を得た。
その後、一段加圧が100kgf、二段加圧が50kgfの圧力で均質化処理を行い、均質化された発酵乳を得た。
この均質化された発酵乳と、糖液(0.6質量%のペクチン溶液)を、質量比が6:4となるように混合して、最終目的物である発酵乳(ソフトタイプの発酵乳)を得た。
この発酵乳を10℃で保存し、酸素ガスの供給終了時を始点とした発酵乳のpH、酸度、及び、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数の経時的変化を調べた。
なお、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数は、発酵乳1ミリリットル当たりの生菌数(コロニー形成単位;Colony forming unit)を計測した値である。
[比較例1]
酸素ガスを供給しないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実験した。
以上の結果を表1〜表4に示す。
[Example 1; Experimental example including oxygen supply step before homogenization step]
A raw material for fermented milk (fermented milk raw material mix) obtained by mixing 705 g of skim milk powder and 4195 g of water was prepared, heat sterilized at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then cooled to 43 ° C. Next, a mixed starter of Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( Streptococcus thermophilus ) isolated from “Meiji Bulgaria Yogurt” manufactured by Meiji Dairies Co., Ltd. was added to 2.0% by mass of the fermented milk raw material mix. It inoculated so that it might become the quantity of mass%, and it fermented in a tank for 5 hours at 43 degreeC. When the lactic acid acidity reached 1.20%, it was cooled to 10 ° C. or lower to stop fermentation, and fermented milk was obtained.
Next, 1.8 liters of the obtained fermented milk was collected in a 2.0 liter capacity container with a lid, and used as a sample. About this fermented milk sample, oxygen gas in an amount of 3 liters / min per liter of fermented milk was circulated for 60 minutes in the space above the container to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen (dissolved oxygen concentration: 38.7 ppm). Got.
Thereafter, homogenization was performed at a pressure of 100 kgf for the first stage press and 50 kgf for the second stage press to obtain a homogenized fermented milk.
The homogenized fermented milk and the sugar solution (0.6% by mass pectin solution) are mixed so that the mass ratio is 6: 4, and the final target fermented milk (soft type fermented milk) )
This fermented milk was preserve | saved at 10 degreeC, and the time-dependent change of pH of the fermented milk, acidity, and the viable cell count of a lactobacillus and lactic acid cocci from the time of completion | finish of supply of oxygen gas was investigated.
In addition, the number of living bacteria of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus is a value obtained by measuring the number of living bacteria (colony forming unit) per milliliter of fermented milk.
[Comparative Example 1]
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that oxygen gas was not supplied.
The above results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.
[実施例2;均質化工程の後に酸素供給工程を含む実験例]
まず、実施例1と同様にして、発酵乳を得た。
次いで、得られた発酵乳を2.0リットル容量の蓋付き容器に1.8リットル採取し、発酵乳の試料とした。そしてこの発酵乳の試料を10℃に冷却し、その後、一段加圧が100kgf、二段加圧が50kgfの圧力で均質化処理を行い、均質化された発酵乳を得た。
この均質化された発酵乳と、糖液(0.6質量%のペクチン溶液)を、質量比が6:4となるように混合しつつ、同時に、発酵乳1リットル当たり3リットル/分の量の酸素ガスを、容器上部の空間に60分間流通させ、溶存酸素量が増大した発酵乳(溶存酸素濃度:47.3ppm)を得た。
この発酵乳を10℃で保存し、酸素ガスの供給終了時を始点とした発酵乳のpH、酸度、及び、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数の経時的変化を調べた。
[比較例2]
酸素ガスを供給しないこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして実験した。
以上の結果を表5〜表8に示す。
[Example 2; Experimental example including oxygen supply step after homogenization step]
First, fermented milk was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
Next, 1.8 liters of the obtained fermented milk was collected in a container with a lid of 2.0 liter capacity, and used as a sample of fermented milk. The fermented milk sample was cooled to 10 ° C., and then homogenized at a pressure of 100 kgf for the first stage press and 50 kgf for the second stage press to obtain a homogenized fermented milk.
While mixing the homogenized fermented milk and sugar solution (0.6% by mass pectin solution) so that the mass ratio is 6: 4, at the same time, an amount of 3 liters / minute per liter of fermented milk Of oxygen gas was allowed to flow through the space above the container for 60 minutes to obtain fermented milk (dissolved oxygen concentration: 47.3 ppm) with an increased amount of dissolved oxygen.
This fermented milk was preserve | saved at 10 degreeC, and the time-dependent change of pH of the fermented milk, acidity, and the viable cell count of a lactobacillus and lactic acid cocci from the time of completion | finish of supply of oxygen gas was investigated.
[Comparative Example 2]
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that oxygen gas was not supplied.
The above results are shown in Tables 5-8.
表1〜表8から、本発明の方法に該当する実施例1、2では、乳酸桿菌の生菌数が経時的に急激に減少するため、本発明の方法に該当しない比較例1、2に比べて、発酵乳の酸度の増大を抑制していることがわかる。また、実施例1と実施例2の結果がほぼ同じであることから、本発明において、酸素供給工程は、均質化工程の前と後のいずれでもよいことがわかる。
なお、以下の実施例では、作業効率の観点から、均質化工程の後に、発酵乳と糖液を混合すると同時に酸素を供給することとする。
From Tables 1 to 8, in Examples 1 and 2 corresponding to the method of the present invention, the number of viable bacteria of Lactobacilli rapidly decreases with time, so that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 not corresponding to the method of the present invention Compared with it, it turns out that the increase in the acidity of fermented milk is suppressed. Moreover, since the result of Example 1 and Example 2 is substantially the same, in this invention, it turns out that either before or after a homogenization process may be sufficient as an oxygen supply process.
In the following examples, from the viewpoint of work efficiency, after the homogenization step, fermented milk and sugar solution are mixed and oxygen is supplied simultaneously.
[実施例3;酸素の流量と酸度の上昇抑制効果の関係を調べるための実験]
まず、実施例1と同様にして、発酵乳を調製した。次いで、得られた発酵乳を1.0リットル容量の蓋付き容器に0.8リットル採取して、試料とした。そして試料を10℃に冷却し、その後、一段加圧が100kgf、二段加圧が50kgfの圧力で均質化処理を行い、均質化された発酵乳を得た。
この均質化された発酵乳と、糖液(0.6質量%のペクチン溶液)を、質量比が6:4となるように混合しつつ、同時に、各々の試料に対して、酸素ガスの供給なし(0リットル/分)、発酵乳1リットル当たり0.5リットル/分、1.0リットル/分、1.5リットル/分、3.0リットル/分、4.5リットル/分の量の酸素ガスを、容器(半径5.5cmの円筒状)内の上部の空間に60分間流通させ、溶存酸素量が増大した発酵乳を得た。本実験では、0リットル/分、0.5リットル/分、1.0リットル/分、1.5リットル/分の比較検討と、0リットル/分、1.5リットル/分、3.0リットル/分、4.5リットル/分の比較検討の2種類の検討を行った。なお、酸素ガスと試料の接触面積は95cm2であった。
酸素の供給量(リットル/分)と酸素供給直後における溶存酸素濃度の関係は、表9〜表10に示すとおりであった。
Example 3 Experiment for Examining Relationship Between Oxygen Flow Rate and Acidity Increase Suppression Effect
First, fermented milk was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, 0.8 liters of the obtained fermented milk was collected in a 1.0-liter container with a lid, and used as a sample. The sample was then cooled to 10 ° C., and then homogenized at a pressure of 100 kgf for the first stage press and 50 kgf for the second stage press to obtain a homogenized fermented milk.
While mixing this homogenized fermented milk and sugar solution (0.6 mass% pectin solution) so that the mass ratio is 6: 4, supply oxygen gas to each sample at the same time. None (0 liter / minute), 0.5 liter / minute per liter of fermented milk, 1.0 liter / minute, 1.5 liter / minute, 3.0 liter / minute, 4.5 liter / minute Oxygen gas was allowed to flow through the upper space in the container (cylindrical shape with a radius of 5.5 cm) for 60 minutes to obtain fermented milk with an increased amount of dissolved oxygen. In this experiment, 0 liters / minute, 0.5 liters / minute, 1.0 liters / minute, 1.5 liters / minute, comparative study, 0 liters / minute, 1.5 liters / minute, 3.0 liters Two types of examinations were conducted, a comparative examination of 4.5 liters / minute. The contact area between the oxygen gas and the sample was 95 cm 2 .
The relationship between the oxygen supply amount (liters / minute) and the dissolved oxygen concentration immediately after the oxygen supply was as shown in Tables 9 to 10.
表9及び表10から、酸素の供給がない場合に比べて、酸素を供給した場合には、溶存酸素濃度が6.9〜9.2倍高くなること、及び、酸素を供給した群間では、酸素の供給量を増加させても有意な差が認められないことがわかる。
各発酵乳を10℃で保存し、酸素ガスの供給終了時を始点とした場合における、各経過日数における酸度、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数を、表11〜表16に示す。
From Table 9 and Table 10, when oxygen is supplied compared to the case where oxygen is not supplied, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.9 to 9.2 times higher, and between the groups supplied with oxygen It can be seen that no significant difference is observed even when the oxygen supply amount is increased.
Tables 11 to 16 show the acidity and the viable cell counts of lactobacilli and lactococci at each elapsed day when each fermented milk is stored at 10 ° C. and the end of the supply of oxygen gas is the starting point.
表11及び表12から、酸素の供給がない場合に比べて、酸素を供給した場合には、酸度の上昇が抑制されること、及び、酸素を供給した群間では、単位時間当たりの酸素の供給量を増大させても酸度上昇抑制効果に有意な差は認められないことがわかる。また、表13〜表16から、酸素を供給した群間では、単位時間当たりの酸素の供給量を増大させても、乳酸菌数に有意な差は認められないことがわかる。
したがって、酸素の供給量が0.5リットル/分以上であれば、本発明の効果が得られると言える。
From Table 11 and Table 12, when oxygen is supplied compared to the case where oxygen is not supplied, the increase in acidity is suppressed, and between the groups supplied with oxygen, oxygen per unit time is reduced. It can be seen that there is no significant difference in the acidity increase inhibiting effect even when the supply amount is increased. Moreover, it can be seen from Tables 13 to 16 that there is no significant difference in the number of lactic acid bacteria between the groups supplied with oxygen even when the supply amount of oxygen per unit time is increased.
Therefore, it can be said that the effect of the present invention can be obtained when the supply amount of oxygen is 0.5 l / min or more.
[実施例4;酸素を供給する時間と酸度の上昇抑制効果の関係に関する例]
まず、実施例1と同様にして、発酵乳を調製した。次いで、得られた発酵乳を1.0リットル容量の蓋付き容器に0.8リットル採取して、試料とした。そしてこの発酵乳の試料を10℃に冷却し、その後、一段加圧が100kgf、二段加圧が50kgfの圧力で均質化処理を行い、均質化された発酵乳を得た。
この均質化された発酵乳と、糖液(0.6質量%のペクチン溶液)を、質量比が6:4となるように混合しつつ、同時に、各々の試料に対して、0.5リットル/分の流量で、0分、10分、15分、30分の各経過時間、容器内の上部空間に酸素ガスを流通させ、溶存酸素量が増大した発酵乳を得た。
酸素の供給時間と酸素供給直後における溶存酸素濃度の関係を、表17に示す。
Example 4 Example of Relationship Between Oxygen Supply Time and Acidity Increase Suppression Effect
First, fermented milk was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, 0.8 liters of the obtained fermented milk was collected in a 1.0-liter container with a lid, and used as a sample. The fermented milk sample was cooled to 10 ° C., and then homogenized at a pressure of 100 kgf for the first stage press and 50 kgf for the second stage press to obtain a homogenized fermented milk.
While mixing this homogenized fermented milk and sugar solution (0.6 mass% pectin solution) so that the mass ratio is 6: 4, at the same time, 0.5 liter for each sample. At a flow rate of 1 minute, oxygen gas was circulated through the upper space in the container for each elapsed time of 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes to obtain fermented milk with an increased amount of dissolved oxygen.
Table 17 shows the relationship between the oxygen supply time and the dissolved oxygen concentration immediately after the oxygen supply.
各発酵乳を10℃で保存し、酸素ガスの供給終了時を始点とした場合における、各経過日数における酸度の上昇幅、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数を表18〜表20に示す。 Tables 18 to 20 show the increase in acidity and the number of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in each elapsed day when each fermented milk is stored at 10 ° C. and the end of the supply of oxygen gas is the starting point.
表18から、酸度の上昇幅は、酸素供給時間が長いほど、酸度の上昇の抑制効果が大きいことがわかる。
また、酸素の供給時間が30分の場合における経過日数が17日の時点で、乳酸桿菌の数が0であり、乳酸球菌の数が62.75×107個であった。前述したように、日本における発酵乳の成分規格では、乳酸菌数または酵母数(1ml当り)は1000万(1×107個)以上と定められている。また、FAO/WHOによるヨーグルトの国際的規格によると、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)及びストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus)の作用により、乳または乳製品を乳酸発酵して得た凝固乳製品をヨーグルトと定義している。したがって、発酵の終了後の時間の経過により乳酸桿菌の数が0になったとしても、全体の乳酸菌数が1ml当り1000万以上であれば、規格上発酵乳となるため、問題がないと言える。
From Table 18, it can be seen that the increase in acidity has a greater effect of suppressing the increase in acidity as the oxygen supply time is longer.
In addition, when the oxygen supply time was 30 minutes and the elapsed days were 17, the number of lactobacilli was 0 and the number of lactococci was 62.75 × 10 7 . As described above, the component standard for fermented milk in Japan stipulates that the number of lactic acid bacteria or yeast (per ml) is 10 million (1 × 10 7 ) or more. In addition, according to the international standard of yogurt by FAO / WHO, coagulated milk product obtained by lactic acid fermentation of milk or milk product by the action of Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( Streptococcus thermophilus ) Is defined as yogurt. Therefore, even if the number of lactobacilli becomes 0 with the passage of time after the end of fermentation, if the total number of lactic acid bacteria is 10 million or more per ml, it becomes fermented milk on the standard, so it can be said that there is no problem. .
[実施例5]
明治乳業社製「明治プロビオヨーグルトLG21」より単離した乳酸桿菌のラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)と乳酸球菌のストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus)を混合スターターとして使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で発酵乳を製造した。
次いで、得られた発酵乳を1.0リットル容量の蓋付き容器に0.8リットル採取して、試料とした。そしてこの発酵乳の試料を10℃に冷却し、その後、一段加圧が100kgf、二段加圧が50kgfの圧力で均質化処理を行い、均質化された発酵乳を得た。
この均質化された発酵乳と、糖液(0.6質量%のペクチン溶液)を、質量比が6:4となるように混合しつつ、同時に、各々の試料に対して、0.5リットル/分の流量で、0分、10分、15分、30分の各経過時間、容器内の上部空間に酸素ガスを流通させ、溶存酸素量が増大した発酵乳を得た。
[比較例5]
酸素ガスを供給しないこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして実験した。
酸素の供給時間と酸素供給直後における溶存酸素濃度の関係を、表21に示す。
[Example 5]
Example 1 except that Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( Leptococcus thermophilus ) isolated from "Meiji Probio Yogurt LG21" manufactured by Meiji Dairies were used as mixed starters Fermented milk was produced in the same manner as above.
Next, 0.8 liters of the obtained fermented milk was collected in a 1.0-liter container with a lid, and used as a sample. The fermented milk sample was cooled to 10 ° C., and then homogenized at a pressure of 100 kgf for the first stage press and 50 kgf for the second stage press to obtain a homogenized fermented milk.
While mixing this homogenized fermented milk and sugar solution (0.6 mass% pectin solution) so that the mass ratio is 6: 4, at the same time, 0.5 liter for each sample. At a flow rate of 1 minute, oxygen gas was circulated through the upper space in the container for each elapsed time of 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes to obtain fermented milk with an increased amount of dissolved oxygen.
[Comparative Example 5]
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that oxygen gas was not supplied.
Table 21 shows the relationship between the oxygen supply time and the dissolved oxygen concentration immediately after the oxygen supply.
各発酵乳を10℃で保存し、酸素ガスの供給終了時を始点とした場合における、各経過日数における酸度の上昇幅、乳酸桿菌及び乳酸球菌の生菌数を、表22〜表24に示す。 Each fermented milk is stored at 10 ° C., and the increase in acidity and the viable cell counts of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in each elapsed day when the supply end of oxygen gas is started are shown in Tables 22 to 24. .
実施例1〜4とは異なる乳酸菌を用いて、本発明の方法を適用したところ、酸素供給時間を増やすにつれ、酸度の上昇幅が抑制されるという、実施例4と同様な結果が得られた。なお、実施例5における乳酸桿菌の数は、実施例1〜4よりも少ない。この理由は、酸素供給時間0分の群を見ても分かるように、実施例5で使用した乳酸桿菌が、コロニーを形成しにくい性質を有しているため、乳酸桿菌の生菌数が全体的に低く計測されたためと考えられる。 When the method of the present invention was applied using lactic acid bacteria different from those in Examples 1 to 4, the same results as in Example 4 were obtained in which the increase in acidity was suppressed as the oxygen supply time was increased. . In addition, the number of lactobacilli in Example 5 is smaller than Examples 1-4. The reason for this is that the lactobacilli used in Example 5 has a property that it is difficult to form colonies, as can be seen from the group of 0 minutes of oxygen supply time, so that the total number of viable bacteria of lactobacilli This is probably due to the fact that it was measured low.
Claims (5)
上記発酵工程の後、上記発酵乳を冷却する冷却工程と、
上記冷却工程と同時に、または、上記冷却工程の後に、上記発酵乳に酸素を供給して、当該酸素の供給の終了時における溶存酸素濃度が12〜50ppmである発酵乳を得る酸素供給工程と
を含むことを特徴とする発酵乳の製造方法。 A fermentation process for obtaining fermented milk by adding Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus lactobacilli to the raw material of fermented milk and fermenting;
A cooling step for cooling the fermented milk after the fermentation step;
Simultaneously with the cooling step or after the cooling step, supplying oxygen to the fermented milk to obtain a fermented milk having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 12 to 50 ppm at the end of the oxygen supply. The manufacturing method of fermented milk characterized by including.
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