JP5148486B2 - クルクマキサンソリザから分離された免疫増強多糖類及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
クルクマキサンソリザから分離された免疫増強多糖類及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5148486B2 JP5148486B2 JP2008516751A JP2008516751A JP5148486B2 JP 5148486 B2 JP5148486 B2 JP 5148486B2 JP 2008516751 A JP2008516751 A JP 2008516751A JP 2008516751 A JP2008516751 A JP 2008516751A JP 5148486 B2 JP5148486 B2 JP 5148486B2
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- polysaccharide
- cells
- curcuma
- xanthoriza
- kurkman
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Classifications
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
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Description
本発明の製造方法は(S2)前記粉末を有機溶媒で抽出した後で、ろ過または遠心分離して不溶性残渣を得る段階を含む。有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、アセトン、エーテル、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、塩化メチレン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、石油エーテル等単独であるいは混合して使用できるものの、これに限定されるものではない。より好ましくは、エタノール、メタノール、ヘキサンまたはこれらの混合物が使用できる。
本発明の多糖類は、毎日約0.2〜200mg/kgを投与することができ、約2〜約50mg/kgの1日投与容量が好ましく、約5〜約30mg/kgの1日投与容量がより好ましい。しかしながら、前記投与量は患者の状態(年齢、性別、体重等)、治療している状態の深刻性、使用された有効成分、食餌等により多様でもあり得る。必要に応じて便利性のために1日の総投与量が分けられ、1日に複数回投与できる。
クルクマキサンソリザの根の粉末15gに100%エタノール750mlを添加して2時間78℃で2回抽出した。これより得られた抽出物をワットマン(Whatman)ろ過紙(No.2)を利用して上澄液と残渣を分離した。残渣に抽出溶媒として750mlの0.1NのNaOHを加えた後で97℃で2時間の間に2回抽出した。前記にて得られた0.1NのNaOH抽出物に含まれている澱粉を加水分解するために、酵素最適条件でα−アミラーゼ(Termamyl 120L, NOVO Nordisk A/S, Denmark)とグルコアミラーゼ(AMG 300L, NOVO Nordisk A/S, Denmark)を処理した後で中和した。前記ろ液に4倍容量のイソプロピルアルコールを加え、4℃で24時間放置して多糖類を沈殿させた後、6500rpmで15分間遠心分離して上澄液と分離した。分離された沈殿物を1%溶液になるように蒸留水に溶解させ、分画分子量(molecular weight cut off;MWCO)が1000の膜を利用して限外ろ過(thin channel ultrafiltration system, Amicon TCF-10; Amicon Co., U.S.A.)した。限外ろ過後分子量1000以上の溶液を集めて凍結乾燥して多糖類が得られ、この際、収率は6%であり、このように分離された多糖類を“クルクマン−エックス”と命名した。本発明の一実施例に伴う全体的な抽出及び分離工程図を図1に示した。
前記実施例1でクルクマキサンソリザから分離された多糖類のクルクマン−エックスの分子量はゲル透過クロマトグラフィーを利用して測定した。カラムはウルトラハイドロゲル・リニア・カラム(Ultrahydrogel linear column)とウルトラハイドロゲル・500カラム(Ultrahydrogel 500column)を使用し、移動相としては0.1NのNaNO2を使用した。分析の際、移動相の速度は1ml/minであり、標準物質としてはプルラン(pullulan)を使用した。実験結果を図2に示した。図2に示した通り、クルクマン−エックスの数平均分子量が33000Daであるものと確認された。
前記実施例1でクルクマキサンソリザから分離された多糖類、クルクマン−エックスの構成糖の含量はBio−LC(Dionex DX-500, USA)を利用して測定した。多糖類10mgに100μlの24N硫酸を添加して1時間反応させた後窒素充填して100℃で3時間加水分解した。室温で冷却させた後冷却された反応物に12N水酸化アンモニウムを反応させて中和させ、蒸留水で希釈した。希釈液をろ過紙でろ過させ、Bio−LCで糖含量を測定した。Bio−LCの分析条件でカラムはカボパックPA1(CarboPac(登録商標)PA1)を使用し、定組成溶離液(isocratic eluent)としては22.6mMのNaOHを使用し、再生緩衝液(regeneration buffer)としては200mMのNaOHを使用した。溶出液の流速は0.3ml/minであり、試料注入量は50μlで窒素ガス下で行った。糖標準品としてはグルコース(glucose)、ガラクトース(galactose)、アラビノース(arabinose)、マンノース(mannose)、キシロース(xylose)、ラムノース(rhamnose)を用いて保持時間(retention time)により各糖を確認した。
前記実施例1で分離された多糖類の免疫調節効果とNO分泌との相関関係を究明するために、NO生成能をRAW264.7マクロファージを利用して観察した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株(murine macrophage cell line)であるRAW264.7細胞を10%ウシ胎仔血清(fetal bovine serum)、100ユニット/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン(streptomycin)を含有したダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地(Dulbecco's modified eagles medium、Gibco, USA)である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1で分離された多糖類の免疫調節効果とH2O2分泌との相関関係を究明するために、H2O2生成能をRAW264.7マクロファージを利用して観察した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株であるRAW264.7細胞を10%のウシ胎仔血清、100ユニット/mlペニシリン、100ug/mlストレプトマイシンを含有するダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地(Gibco, USA)である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1において分離された多糖類の飽食作用能をRAW264.7マクロファージを利用して観察し、飽食作用能は熱的に殺菌したフルオレセインイソチオシアネートでラベルした(heat-killed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled)大腸菌(Escherichia coli)である生体粒子(BioParticles)(K-12 strain, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, US)を利用して測定した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株であるRAW264.7マクロファージを10%のウシ胎仔血清、100ユニット/mlペニシリン(penicillin)、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンを含有するダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1において分離された多糖類、クルクマン−エックスのPGE2生成に及ぼす影響をRAW264.7マクロファージを利用して観察し、PGE2生成はR&Dキッド(R&D systems, USA)を利用して定量した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株であるRAW264.7マクロファージを10%のウシ胎仔血清、100ユニット/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンを含有するダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1で分離されたクルクマン−エックスがiNOS、TNF−α及びCOX−2蛋白質及びmRNA発現に及ぼす影響を調べるために、ウェスタンブロット(Western blot)及びRT−PCRを実施した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株であるRAW264.7細胞(韓国細胞株銀行)を10%のウシ胎仔血清、100ユニット/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンを含有するダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1で分離されたクルクマン−エックスがIκBαのリン酸化に及ぼす影響を調べるために、ウェスタンブロット(Western blot)を実施した。鼠のマクロファージ細胞株であるRAW264.7細胞(韓国細胞株銀行)を10%のウシ胎仔血清、100ユニット/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンを含有するダルベッコ変法のイーグル培地である完全培地を用いて37℃のCO2培養器で培養した。
前記実施例1で分離されたクルクマン−エックスの免疫調節効果と、NO分泌との相関関係を究明するために、NO生成能を動物実験を通じて観察した。
C57BL/6マウス(17〜18g,雌)を各群当り12匹として、クルクマン−エックスを10、50及び100mg/kg濃度で21日間毎日1回ずつ経口投与した。3%チオグリコレート培地を2ml腹腔に注入して、3日後RPMI完全培地(10%ウシ胎仔血清、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン含有)8mlで腹腔内膜を洗浄して腹腔マクロファージを収集し、FBS−コーティングされた皿に4時間付着させ、浮遊細胞を除去して純粋なマクロファージのみを得て、細胞数を測定した。
C57BL/6マウス(17〜18g,雌)を各群当り12匹にしてクルクマン−エックスを10、50及び100mg/kg濃度で21日間毎日1回ずつ経口投与した。21日後脾臓細胞の増殖を確認するために、マウスを犠牲させ、脾臓を取出し、RPMI完全培地(10%ウシ胎仔血清、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン含有)でスライドガラスを利用して細胞が流出するようにし、流出された細胞は37℃のCO2培養器で2×107細胞/mlの濃度で分取し、72時間培養した。培養終了後MTT溶液(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide)を添加した後、4時間培養した。MTT−フォルマザン(formazan)生成物は同一な容量の溶解緩衝液(DMSO)を添加することにより溶解させた。フォルマザンの量はマイクロプレートリーダーを利用して570nmで吸収される量を測定した。
抗癌効果抗癌剤を利用した癌治療は副作用が甚だしく、最近では免疫増強剤を利用した癌治療法が多く利用されており、持続的に開発されている。
免疫増強剤の利用は抗癌剤の副作用を減少させ、さらに、抗癌治療効果が増加できる。 前記の実施例においてクルクマン−エックスが生体内及び生体外で免疫増強効果があることを証明した。本実施例ではクルクマン−エックスによる免疫増強が抗癌効果として現れるか否かを検証した。
実験結果、図16に示した通り、クルクマン−エックスの経口投与により活性化された脾臓細胞の癌細胞殺害能は濃度依存的に高く、これはクルクマン−エックスが細胞毒性でない生体の免疫を増加させ、抗癌効果を表す抗癌免疫増強剤であることを証明する。
C57BL/6マウス(17〜18g,雌)を各群当り12匹とし、多糖類を10、50及び100mg/kg濃度で21日間毎日1回ずつ経口投与した。3%チオグリコレート培地を2ml腹腔に注入し、3日後、RPMI完全培地(10%ウシ胎仔血清、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン含有)8mlで腹腔内膜を洗浄して腹腔マクロファージを収集し、FBS−コーティングされた皿に4時間付着させ、浮遊細胞を除去し、純粋なマクロファージのみを得て細胞数を測定した。
各マクロファージを5×105細胞/mlの濃度で分取し、37℃のCO2培養器で24時間培養した。培養終了後細胞を集めてPBSで洗浄し、トリゾル(Invitrogen, USA)1mlを加えて室温で撹拌させた。クロロホルム200μlを入れ、再度撹拌して12000rpm、4℃で15分間遠心分離した後、上澄液にイソプロピルアルコールを加え再度遠心分離してRNAペレットを得た。ここで得られたRNAにMMLV逆転写酵素を利用してcDNAを作った。これにiNOS(sense 5'-CAACCAGTATTATGGCTCCT-3', antisense 5'-GTGACAGCCCGGTCTTTCCA-3')、TNF−α(sense: 5-CCTGTAGCCCACGTCGTAGC-3, antisense:5-TTGACCTCAGCGCTGAGTTG-3)、IL−1(sense: 5-TGCAGAGTTCCCCAACTGGTACATC-3, antisense: 5-GTGCTGCCTAATGTCCCCTTGAATC-3)、IL−6(sense:5-GATGCTACCAAACTGGATATAATC-3, antisense:5-GGTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTCTGTG-3)及びβ−アクチン(sense: 5'-TGGAATCCTGTGGCATCCATGAAAC-3', antisense: 5'-TAAAACGCAGCT CAGTAACAGTCCG-3')のプライマーを入れ、タックポリメラーゼ(taq polymerase)を利用して各遺伝子を増幅させた。この際、遺伝子増幅環境は95℃で30秒、55℃で1分、72℃で1分の過程を総30回繰返し、最後に72℃で5分を反応させた。作られたRNAを1%アガロスゲルに電気泳動させ、UV検出器で確認した。
クルクマキサンソリザに多糖類抽出溶媒として熱水、0.01〜5NのNaOH、0.01〜5NのHClを使用して、実施例1と同一の方法で多糖類を抽出及び分離精製した。次に多糖類10μg/mlの濃度で前記実験例3と実験例5と同一な方法で測定したNO生成能とマクロファージの飽食作用能を表4に示し、この結果は、試料未処理群に対する%で示した。表5に示した通り、抽出条件により抽出収率が2.1〜8.5%、数平均分子量が11,000〜82,000の免疫増強多糖類が抽出され、全ての抽出条件でNO生成能を呈した。
BDF1マウス(17〜18g,雌)を各群当り10匹とし、B16F10癌細胞(5×105)をマウス腹腔に移植して癌を誘発し、投与翌日から多糖類を生理食塩水に希釈して10、50及び100mg/kg濃度で毎日1回ずつ経口投与した。それぞれの試験群等の毒性を調べるために、試料を処理する間にマウスの体重を測定し、体重の減少が観察されなかった。これは全ての試験群において毒性がないことを意味する。実験結果は癌細胞移植後60日目に生きているマウスの数で生存率を求め、クルクマン−エックスを処理していないマウスの生存率に対する比率で算定した。
ICRマウス(20〜23g,雌)を各群当り10匹とし、その腹腔に癌細胞(sarcoma-180,肉腫癌)を生理食塩水に希釈した200μlの細胞溶液(1×106細胞)を皮下注射した固形癌モデルを利用して測定した。24時間後、クルクマン−エックス10、50及び100mg/kg濃度で毎日1回ずつ経口投与した。試料投与20日経過後生成された固形癌を抽出して重さを測定した。抽出された固形癌の重さから固形癌の生成抑制率を計算し、その結果を下記表6に整理した。
Claims (5)
- クルクマキサンソリザ(Curcuma xanthorrhiza)から分離された多糖類(澱粉分解物及びセルロース分解物を除く。)の製造方法であって、
(S1)クルクマキサンソリザの根(Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)の粉末を準備する段階;
(S2)前記粉末を、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、アセトン、エーテル、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、塩化メチレン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、および石油エーテルから選ばれる有機溶媒を単独または混合して用いて抽出した後、ろ過または遠心分離して残渣(residue)を得る段階;
(S3)前記残渣を70〜100℃の精製水、0.005〜10NのHCl溶液または0.005〜10NのNaOH溶液で抽出して多糖類が含有された溶液を製造する段階;
(S4)前記多糖類が含有された溶液に澱粉加水分解酵素を加えて澱粉を除去する段階;
(S5)前記(S4)段階後に低級アルコールを加えて多糖類を沈殿させ沈殿物を得る段階;及び
(S6)前記(S5)段階後に前記沈殿物から低分子成分を透析または限外ろ過により除去して多糖類を精製する段階を含み、
得られる多糖類の数平均分子量が8,900〜82,000であることを特徴とする製造方法。 - 請求項1の製造方法により得られたクルクマキサンソリザから分離された数平均分子量8,900〜82,000の多糖類(澱粉分解物及びセルロース分解物を除く。)。
- 請求項2記載の多糖類を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする薬学組成物。
- 請求項2記載の多糖類を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする抗癌補助剤組成物。
- 請求項2記載の多糖類を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする免疫増強剤組成物。
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| KR10-2005-0051176 | 2005-06-14 | ||
| PCT/KR2006/002282 WO2006135197A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-06-14 | Immunostimulating polysaccharides isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza and manufacturing method thereof |
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| KR102219200B1 (ko) * | 2014-05-12 | 2021-02-23 | (주)앗코스텍 | 자바강황 다당류를 유효성분으로 포함하는 항비만 조성물 |
| CN108359019B (zh) * | 2018-01-18 | 2021-06-11 | 大连豪翔生物酶工程有限公司 | 一种姜黄中多种生物活性成分集成提取的方法 |
| CN112961261B (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-11-16 | 中山大学 | 阳春砂根茎多糖及其制备方法和抗氧化的应用 |
| CN113322298A (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-31 | 安徽济人药业有限公司 | 一种清金化痰汤生物限值测定方法 |
| CN114478815A (zh) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-13 | 天津医科大学 | 莪术多糖nCKAP-2的制备及应用 |
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