JP5149647B2 - 燃料改質装置 - Google Patents
燃料改質装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5149647B2 JP5149647B2 JP2008038611A JP2008038611A JP5149647B2 JP 5149647 B2 JP5149647 B2 JP 5149647B2 JP 2008038611 A JP2008038611 A JP 2008038611A JP 2008038611 A JP2008038611 A JP 2008038611A JP 5149647 B2 JP5149647 B2 JP 5149647B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents using means for controlling, e.g. purging, the absorbents or adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
- C01B2203/107—Platinum catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
- C01B2203/1619—Measuring the temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/05—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being carbon monoxide
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
セリアに対してロジウムが質量比で1%となるように原料粉末を秤量し、水系媒体とともにボールミルに投入して撹拌・混合することにより、スラリーを調製した。得られたスラリーを、50ccのメタル製担体に100g/Lにてコーティングし、600℃で2時間の乾燥、焼成を行うことにより、1質量%Rh/CeO2の改質触媒を調製した。
調製した改質触媒を改質器内に充填し、改質テストを実施した。改質テストは、改質器の運転条件を3段階に分けて行った。具体的には、実施例1では、改質器の運転モードとして、(1)改質モード、(2)スタンバイモード、(3)改質モードを順次採用して改質テストを実施した。また、比較例1では、(1)改質モード、(2)停止モード、(3)改質モードを順次採用し、比較例2では、(1)改質モード、(2)改質モード、(3)改質モードを順次採用して改質テストを実施した。なお、各運転モードにおける原料の空気量及び燃料量は以下の通りとした。なお、空気としては、O2=20.9%の模擬空気ボンベを用い、燃料としては、US認定軽油(H/C)=1.81(mol/mol)をそれぞれ用いた。また、下記のΛは、改質空燃比[A/F]でストイキを1とした時の空気と燃料の比率を表す。
[改質モード]
空気量:20L/min.
燃料量:4.8g/min.(Λ=0.33)
[スタンバイモード]
空気量:0.7L/min.
燃料量:0.05g/min.(Λ=1.16)
[停止モード]
空気量:0L/min.
燃料量:0g/min.
表1及び図4に示されるように、停止モードから改質モードへの移行を行った比較例1では、一旦停止モードにした後、再び改質モードに移行して改質ガス(水素)が十分に生成されるまでに34秒もの時間を要した。これに対して、スタンバイモードから改質モードへの移行を行った実施例1では、一旦スタンバイモードにした後、再び改質モードに移行してわずか3秒で改質ガス(水素)を生成できた。これは、スタンバイモードにて改質触媒温度を910℃と高温に保っていたため、改質モードへの移行時に応答性良く改質ガス(水素)を生成できたと考えられる。また、スタンバイモード中では水素生成量はほぼ0であり、改質ガスを生成していないことも確認された。一方、実施例1のスタンバイモードにおける燃料量は0.05g/minと、比較例2の改質モードにおける燃料量の約1/100であった。これにより、スタンバイモードにおいて改質空燃比[A/F]を1以上にすることにより、改質モードで改質ガスを供給し続けるのに対して、燃料使用量を抑制できることも確認できた。従って、本テスト結果により、本発明の効果が立証された。
11 原料供給部
12 改質部
13 触媒温度センサ
14 ECU
Claims (3)
- 空気及び燃料からなる原料を改質触媒に供給し、大気圧より大きい圧力で水素及び一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスを生成するための燃料改質装置において、
前記原料を前記改質触媒に供給する原料供給手段と、前記改質触媒を備え、前記原料供給手段から供給された原料を改質して前記改質ガスを生成する改質手段と、前記改質触媒の温度を検出する触媒温度検出手段と、前記燃料改質装置の運転を制御する運転制御手段と、を備え、
前記運転制御手段は、前記原料供給手段の駆動を停止し、前記改質ガスの生成を停止させる停止モードと、前記原料供給手段を駆動させ、前記改質ガスを生成させる改質モードと、前記原料供給手段を駆動させ、前記改質ガスを極力生成させることなく前記改質触媒の温度を所定の範囲内に保持することで、瞬時に前記改質モードへの移行を可能とするスタンバイモードと、を有し、
前記スタンバイモードの運転時、及び、前記スタンバイモードと前記改質モードとのモード間移行時において、前記改質触媒の最高温度を、300℃〜1200℃の範囲内に制御し、
前記原料供給手段により供給される原料の空気量、燃料量、及び改質空燃比[A/F]を制御する原料制御手段を備え、前記触媒温度検出手段により検出された前記改質触媒の温度に基づいて前記原料制御手段を駆動させることにより、前記スタンバイモードを実行し、
前記原料制御手段は、前記スタンバイモードで前記原料供給手段により供給される前記原料の改質空燃比[A/F]s及び燃料量[C]sが、前記改質モードで前記原料供給手段により供給される前記原料の改質空燃比[A/F]r及び燃料量[C]rに対して、下記式(1)及び(2)の関係を満足するように前記原料の空気量、燃料量、及び改質空燃比[A/F]を制御し、かつ前記スタンバイモードにおいて前記改質空燃比[A/F]sをストイキ以上に制御し、前記改質モードにおいて前記改質空燃比[A/F]rをストイキ未満に制御し、
前記スタンバイモードにおける燃料量[C]sが、改質空燃比をストイキ近傍としたときに改質触媒の温度が触媒耐熱温度を超えない量に設定されることを特徴とする燃料改質装置。
- 前記改質触媒が、ロジウム、白金、パラジウム、ニッケル、及びコバルトよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属触媒成分と、セリア、ジルコニア、アルミナ、及びチタニアよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物又はこれらを基本組成とした複合酸化物と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料改質装置。
- 内燃機関の排気系に前記改質ガスを供給するために用いられる請求項1又は2記載の燃料改質装置において、
前記運転制御手段は、前記各モードの切換時期を、前記内燃機関の運転情報に基づいて判断するモード切換時期判断手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の燃料改質装置。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008038611A JP5149647B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | 燃料改質装置 |
| US12/867,880 US8500832B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Fuel reforming device |
| EP09711863A EP2248764A4 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | FUEL REFORMING DEVICE |
| PCT/JP2009/053026 WO2009104735A1 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | 燃料改質装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008038611A JP5149647B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | 燃料改質装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009196837A JP2009196837A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
| JP5149647B2 true JP5149647B2 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
Family
ID=40985612
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008038611A Expired - Fee Related JP5149647B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | 燃料改質装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8500832B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2248764A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5149647B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009104735A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9178235B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2015-11-03 | Lg Fuel Cell Systems, Inc. | Reducing gas generators and methods for generating a reducing gas |
| JP6090136B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-05 | 2017-03-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 還元剤添加装置 |
| JP2023031006A (ja) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 触媒構造体、燃料改質方法および燃料改質システム |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2600492B2 (ja) | 1991-10-03 | 1997-04-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| CA2097609C (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1999-03-16 | Shinichi Takeshima | Device for purifying exhaust of internal combustion engine |
| EP0597106B1 (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1997-04-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust and purification device for internal combustion engines |
| JPH1179703A (ja) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-23 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池用改質装置 |
| JP3642273B2 (ja) | 1999-10-21 | 2005-04-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化システム |
| JP3685052B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2005-08-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP3738689B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-12 | 2006-01-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質器の温度制御方法 |
| JP3740987B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-08 | 2006-02-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2003128401A (ja) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-08 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 水素発生装置とその運転方法 |
| US7082753B2 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2006-08-01 | Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. | System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines using pulsed fuel flow |
| ATE387571T1 (de) * | 2001-12-03 | 2008-03-15 | Eaton Corp | System und verfahren zur verbesserten emissionskontrolle von brennkraftmaschinen |
| EP1563169A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2005-08-17 | Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. | Devices and methods for reduction of nox emissions from lean burn engines |
| JP4457559B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-09 | 2010-04-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料蒸発装置 |
| US6964156B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2005-11-15 | Hydrogensource Llc | Intermittent application of syngas to NOx trap and/or diesel engine |
| JP2006242020A (ja) | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-14 | Hino Motors Ltd | 排気浄化装置 |
| JP4778858B2 (ja) | 2006-08-01 | 2011-09-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 気化器の残存燃料自動抜取装置 |
| JP5015025B2 (ja) | 2008-02-13 | 2012-08-29 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料改質器の制御装置 |
-
2008
- 2008-02-20 JP JP2008038611A patent/JP5149647B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-02-20 US US12/867,880 patent/US8500832B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-20 EP EP09711863A patent/EP2248764A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-20 WO PCT/JP2009/053026 patent/WO2009104735A1/ja not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009104735A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
| JP2009196837A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
| US20100316532A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| EP2248764A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| US8500832B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
| EP2248764A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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