JP5159804B2 - パーキンソン病を治療するためのドーパミン作動性ニューロンおよび増殖能のある前駆細胞 - Google Patents
パーキンソン病を治療するためのドーパミン作動性ニューロンおよび増殖能のある前駆細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2001年6月21日に出願された米国特許出願第09/888,309号;および2002年5月28日に出願された同第10/157,288号に対する優先権を主張するものである。米国および許容される他の管轄区域における遂行を目的として、この2つの優先出願は、国際公開公報第01/51616号および国際公開公報第01/88104号とともに、その全体が参照として本明細書に組み入れられる。
ヒトへの投与に適した細胞系の誘導および増殖に関する新たな研究は、素晴らしい新たな世界の医療の到来を告げるものと予想される。科学がニューロンおよび神経前駆細胞の細胞生物学における重要な新発見からの恩典を受け続けるならば、破壊的でこれまで難治性であった疾患にも再生医療による希望が待っていると思われる。
本発明は、多能性細胞から神経系譜の細胞に分化した霊長類細胞の効率的な作製のためのシステムを提供する。本発明の前駆細胞および終末分化細胞は、薬剤試験、および神経系機能を回復させるための薬物の生産を含む、数多くの重要な用途に用いることができる。
多能性幹細胞を選択された分化因子の存在下で培養すると、成熟神経細胞またはその前駆細胞の表現型特徴を有する細胞を著しく高い比率で有する細胞の集団が誘導されることが見いだされた。これらの細胞は、薬物スクリーニング、および神経系の異常に関係がある状態の治療に用いるのに適している。
本開示の目的に関して、「神経前駆体細胞」または「神経前駆細胞」という用語は、ニューロン(ニューロン前駆細胞または成熟ニューロンなど)またはグリア細胞(グリア前駆細胞、成熟アストロサイト、または成熟オリゴデンドロサイトなど)のいずれかである子孫を生成する細胞を意味する。これらは一般に、何らかの様式で脱分化または再プログラミングを行わない限り、単独でインビトロで培養した場合に他の胚葉の子孫を生じない。
分子遺伝学および遺伝子工学における方法は、「分子クローニング:実験マニュアル(Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual)」(Sambrookら、Cold Spring Harbor);「哺乳動物細胞用の遺伝子導入ベクター(Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells)」(Miller & Calos編);および「分子生物学における最新プロトコール(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)」(F.M. Ausubelら編、Wiley & Sons)のそれぞれの最新版に記載されている。細胞生物学、タンパク質化学および抗体技術については、「タンパク質化学における最新プロトコール(Current Protocols in Protein Science)」(J.E. Colliganら編、Wiley & Sons);「細胞生物学における最新プロトコール(Current Protocols in Cell Biology)」(J.S. Bonifacinoら、Wiley & Sons)および「免疫学における最新プロトコール(Current Protocols in Immunology)」(J.E. Colliganら編、Wiley & Sons.)に記載がある。
本発明はさまざまなタイプの幹細胞を用いて実施しうる。本発明に用いるのに特に適したものには、胚盤胞または妊娠期間中の任意の時点で採取した胎児組織もしくは胚組織などの妊娠後に形成される組織に由来する霊長類多能性幹(pPS)細胞がある。その非制限的な例には、以下に述べるように、胚性幹細胞または胚性生殖細胞の初代培養物または樹立系がある。本発明の技法を初代胚または胎児組織を用いて直接実施し、最初に未分化細胞系を樹立せずに、神経細胞を初代胚細胞から導き出すこともできる。
本発明の神経前駆細胞および成熟ニューロンを、幹細胞を、適した分化パラダイムを用いて分化させることによって作製することができる。
本発明の神経細胞前駆細胞集団の多くには、かなり高い増殖能がある。必要であれば、内因性遺伝子からの転写を増加させること、または導入遺伝子を導入することのいずれかによって、細胞内のテロメラーゼ逆転写酵素(TERT)のレベルを高めることにより、複製能をさらに高めることができる。特に適しているのは、国際公開公報第98/14592号に提供されているヒトテロメラーゼの触媒成分(hTERT)である。ヒト細胞におけるテロメラーゼのトランスフェクションおよび発現は、Bodnarら、Science 279: 349, 1998およびJiangら、Nat. Genet. 21: 111, 1999に記載されている。遺伝的に改変された細胞は、RT-PCR、テロメラーゼ活性(TRAPアッセイ)、hTERTに関する免疫細胞化学染色、または複製能により、標準的な方法に従ってhTERT発現に関して評価することができる。
細胞は、形態的特徴、発現された細胞マーカー、酵素活性、または神経伝達物質およびそれらの受容体の検出または定量化、ならびに電気生理機能のような、さまざまな表現型基準に従って特徴づけることができる。
本発明は、多数の神経前駆細胞ならびに成熟ニューロンおよびグリア細胞を作製するための方法を提供する。これらの細胞集団は、重要な研究、開発および商業的目的に用いうる。
本発明の神経前駆細胞は、神経前駆細胞およびそれらのさまざまな子孫の特徴に影響を及ぼす因子(溶媒、低分子薬、ペプチド、ポリヌクレオチドなど)または環境条件(培養条件または操作など)のスクリーニングに用いることができる。
本発明は、中枢神経系(CNS)機能の程度を回復させるための神経前駆細胞の使用であって、おそらくは機能の先天性異常、疾病状態の影響または損傷の結果のために、このような治療を必要とする対象に対する使用も提供する。
ヒト胚性幹(hES)細胞は、以前に記載された通り、フィーダーを含まない培養物から入手した(オーストラリア特許第729377号;国際公開公報第01/51616号)。胚様体は以下の通りに作製した。hES細胞の集密化した単層培養物を、1mg/mLコラゲナーゼ中で5〜20分間インキュベートし、その後に細胞をプレートから剥離させることによって回収した。続いて、細胞を分離して塊にした上で、80%KO(「ノックアウト」)DMEM(Gibco)および熱非働化を行っていない20%FBS(Hyclone)から構成され、1%非必須アミノ酸、1mMグルタミン、0.1mMβ-メルカプトエタノールを補充した培地を入れた非接着性細胞培養プレート(Costar)中にプレーティングした。細胞は1ウェル(6ウェルプレート)当たり2mL培地中に1:1または1:2の比で播種した。
胚様体を10μMレチノイン酸の存在下で4日間懸濁培養した後に、EGF、bFGF、PDGFおよびIGF-1を添加した規定培地中にプレーティングして3〜4日間おいた。続いて細胞を磁気ビーズ選別またはイムノパンニングにより、A2B5陽性またはNCAM陽性が集積した集団に分離した。
・10ng/mL bFGF(Gibco)、10ng/mL BDNF、および10ng/mL NT-3
・10ng/mL bFGF、5000ng/mLソニックヘッジホッグ、および100ng/mL FGF8b
・10ng/mL bFGFのみ
・10ng/mL BDNF、10ng/mL NT-3
・1μM cAMP、200μMアスコルビン酸
・1μM cAMP、200μMアスコルビン酸、10ng/mL BDNF、10ng/mL NT-3
次の実験では、胚様体を、ポリ-リジン、フィブロネクチンをコーティングしたウェル上にプレーティングし、10ng/mL EGF、1ng/mL PDGF-AA、10ng/mL bFGFおよび1ng/mL IGF-1とともに培養した。第4日の時点で、混合物に5U/mL EPO、700μM cAMP、またはその両方を添加した。この細胞を再プレーティングし、10ng/mL BDNF、10ng/mL NT-3により、さらに選択的にはEPO、cAMP、および200μMアスコルビン酸とともに7日間処理した。結果は表2に示されている。この実験では、全細胞のうちMAP-2陽性であったものの割合は異常に低かった。
この検討では、ヒトES細胞を、胚様体を形成させることなくニューロンに分化させるためのさまざまなパラダイムを評価した。
本発明の神経前駆細胞は培養下で継代および増殖を行うことができ、これはそれらの独特かつ有益な特性の一部を表している。
Claims (10)
- 微小管関連タンパク質2(MAP-2)およびチロシンヒドロキシラーゼ(TH)を発現する神経細胞を作製するための方法であって、
ヒト胚性幹細胞(hES細胞)を、上皮成長因子(EGF)、塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF)、血小板由来成長因子(PDGF)、およびインスリン様成長因子(IGF-1)を含む培地中で培養することを含む培養条件の第1のセットにおいて、培養するステップと、
得られた細胞を、第2の培養期間、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、およびニューロトロフィン3(NT-3)を含む培地中で培養することを含む培養条件の第2のセットにおいて、培養するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、およびエリスロポエチン(EPO)を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、およびcAMPを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、EPO、およびcAMPを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第2のセットに用いる培地が、EPO、cAMP、およびアスコルビン酸(AA)をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、5日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、およびIGF-1を含む培地中で培養するステップを含み、前記培養条件の第2のセットが、7日間、BDNF、およびNT-3を含む培地中で培養するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、5日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、およびIGF-1を含む培地中で培養するステップを含み、前記培養条件の第2のセットが、7日間、BDNF、NT-3、EPO、cAMP、およびAAを含む培地中で培養するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、3日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、およびIGF-1を含む培地中で、ならびに2日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、およびEPOを含む培地中で、培養するステップを含み、前記培養条件の第2のセットが、7日間、BDNF、NT-3、EPO、cAMP、およびAAを含む培地中で培養するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、3日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、およびIGF-1を含む培地中で、ならびに2日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、およびcAMPを含む培地中で、培養するステップを含み、前記培養条件の第2のセットが、7日間、BDNF、NT-3、EPO、cAMP、およびAAを含む培地中で培養するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記培養条件の第1のセットが、3日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、およびIGF-1を含む培地中で、ならびに2日間、EGF、bFGF、PDGF、IGF-1、EPO、およびcAMPを含む培地中で、培養するステップを含み、前記培養条件の第2のセットが、7日間、BDNF、NT-3、EPO、cAMP、およびAAを含む培地中で培養するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
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| US10/157,288 US7250294B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2002-05-28 | Screening small molecule drugs using neural cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells |
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| JP5784296B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2015-09-24 | 学校法人 創価大学 | 神経細胞の製造方法及び神経細胞分化促進剤 |
| US20140206028A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2014-07-24 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Stable Electrically Active Neurons from Adult Tissue |
| US10202580B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2019-02-12 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Adult oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte progenitor cell production method |
| US11674952B2 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2023-06-13 | The Rockefeller University | Embryonic cell-based therapeutic candidate screening systems, models for Huntington's Disease and uses thereof |
| CN111849899B (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2022-06-14 | 杨涛 | 定向诱导hiPSC分化为神经细胞体系的诱导培养基 |
| CN111304167B (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2024-03-26 | 上海泉眼生物科技有限公司 | 人源脂肪干细胞来源的神经元前体细胞及其制备方法和应用 |
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