JP5213399B2 - Building components - Google Patents

Description

Pillar of the present invention is a building such as a house, beams, walls, be for you that can be constructed by building a floor structure material, related to structural materials及having a function that is in the event of a disaster can contribute to the survival of the victims.

Buildings such as houses are built by various construction methods such as wooden, concrete, wooden prefabrication, concrete prefabrication, etc., but structural materials for buildings for constructing such buildings (also examples below) The following structural materials have been proposed from the viewpoint of simplifying the construction work and improving the strength as a structural body.
JP 2000-104335 A JP 2000-110303 A JP 2004-332532 A JP 2003-166306 A

  Of these, the invention described in Patent Document 1 aims to reduce the manufacturing cost of a building by using a hollow tube as a structural material, and the invention described in Patent Document 2 uses a hollow tube to It is configured to increase the strength, and the invention of Patent Document 3 proposes a structure that maintains the strength of a long structural material, and the invention described in Patent Document 4 has a structure in which a plurality of hollow portions are configured. The purpose is to reduce the weight while maintaining the strength of the building with the material.

  The invention described in each of the above patent documents is an invention for realizing the matters originally required for a building, such as strength improvement as a building, weight reduction, and building cost reduction, from the viewpoint of a building structure material, It can be said that this is a direct response to each issue required for structural materials.

  As shown in each of the above-mentioned documents, the technical solution of building structural materials is to realize the matters originally required for buildings, such as strength, weight reduction and cost reduction as a building. Matters.

In other words, in the inventions described in the above patent documents, technical proposals for achieving technical matters other than the problems originally required for building structural materials are not made.
On the other hand, the present invention adds functions that are completely different from the functions related to technical matters originally required for structural materials such as light weight, strength, and economy, and multi-functions structural components such as structural materials and interior materials. The present invention proposes a structural member of a building that is configured to improve the function as a structural member.

In response to the above problems, the present invention forms structural members for buildings such as pillars, floors, walls, and beams with a metal such as aluminum or a material such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), and the interior of the structural members is In addition, a plurality of spaces for storing materials other than the materials constituting the constituent members are formed , and at least one of the materials stored in the spaces is water, and this water is used to extinguish fires in an emergency such as an earthquake and secure drinking water. In addition to this, it is configured to improve or change the characteristics of the constituent members themselves such as improvement of heat insulation of buildings and improvement of heat capacity.

  If the space of the component is filled with water or a material having the same effect, it can be used as drinking water or other living water by taking out this filled water in the event of an earthquake or other disaster, and the component can be used as a wall surface. When constructed as a component or flooring, the heat capacity of the component is greatly increased by filling with water with a large specific heat. Especially in winter, the wall and floor heated by sunlight have an appropriate temperature. By maintaining, artificial heating energy by electricity, gas, kerosene, etc. can be reduced.

  Moreover, the thermal insulation effect of the structural member as a structural material or an interior material can be improved significantly by filling a space part with thermal insulation materials, such as a polystyrene foam. In particular, when the structural members are made of a metal material such as aluminum, these metal materials have a small specific heat and a considerably low heat insulation effect. However, the heat insulation effect as a structural member can be greatly improved by filling such a heat insulation material. Can do.

  Furthermore, when the component is configured as a relatively large structural material such as a pillar, the space of the structural material should be used as a storage place for emergency food, preserved food such as canned food, chemicals, or other emergency items. The arrangement of these items does not get in the way at all times, and can be easily taken out and used in an emergency.

  The structural member is integrally formed of aluminum, the space of the structural member is filled with water, and a water outlet is provided so as to communicate with the space, and the heat capacity of the entire structural member is improved with the filled water at all times. In an emergency, the water filled through this outlet is used for drinking and other daily use.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
The structural members shown in the drawings are structural members suitable as pillars of structures such as houses, that is, as structural materials for structures. Hereinafter, the illustrated structural members will be described as columnar structural members. An arrow 1 indicates a pillar structure material, and this pillar structure material 1 is integrally formed of, for example, aluminum. The inside of the column structure 1 is hollow, and the entire column structure 1 has an integral box structure.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the inside of the pillar structure material 1 is partitioned into two upper and lower spaces by a partition wall 1a. Among these, a container 2 for storing water W is stored in the upper space 1A, and the water storage container 2 is filled with water (for example, tap water) W. As the material for the water storage container 2, a flexible bag in which aluminum foil and a synthetic resin layer are stacked is preferable. By filling the bag with water W, the water storage container 2 itself is a pillar. It is possible to store water W in the water storage container 2 in close contact with the upper space 1 </ b> A of the structural material 1 and with a volume comparable to the volume of the upper space 1 </ b> A.

  The water storage container 2 may be filled with water W at the time of shipment of the column structure material 1 from the factory. However, since the column structure material 1 becomes heavier due to the weight of the water, the movement of the column structure material 1 is burdened. It is desirable to fill in the field.

  Reference numeral 2 a indicates a water inlet of the water storage container 2. As will be described later, when the pillar structure material 1 is arranged at a predetermined position and fixed to the arrangement position in a state where it can be connected to another structure material such as a beam, the hatch structure 3a is opened and the pillar structure is opened. The water inlet 2a of the water storage container 2 located in the upper space of the material 1 is exposed to the outside of the pillar structure material 1, the screw plug is opened, and for example, tap water is injected into the water storage container 2 by a hose or the like.

  When the tap water injection is completed, the water inlet 2a is sealed with a screw cap, the sealed water inlet 2a is returned to the upper space 1A of the column structure 1 again, and the hatch 3a is closed in this state. On the other hand, a faucet 4 is attached to the lower portion of the water storage container 2 as a drainage portion for taking out the filled water W. The faucet 4 has a structure in which a water flow inlet is opened in the water storage container 2 through a space securing member 5 formed of a relatively rigid material such as metal or plastic formed in close contact with the water storage container 2. It has become.

  The faucet 4 is located in the upper space 1 </ b> A of the column structure 1 by the empty securing member 5, and a flexible hose portion 4 a is connected to the faucet 4. With this configuration, the hose portion 4a as well as the faucet 4 main body is always housed in the column structure 1 by closing the hatch 3b. In this state, when water W in the column structure material 1 is required due to an earthquake or the like, when the hatch 3b is opened, the hose 4a of the faucet 4 in the column structure material 1 has a column structure as indicated by reference numeral 4a '. It is exposed to the outside of the material 1. Therefore, if the faucet 4 is opened in this state, a desired amount of water W can be obtained.

  Next, the lower space indicated by reference numeral 1B is configured as a storage space for emergency food such as earthquakes and emergency carry-out items in the case of this embodiment. For example, canned food 15a, dry bread 15b, and medicine 15c. Further, a drinking mineral water bottle may be stored in the lower space 1B or the like, and the water W in the upper space 1A may be used as medium water used for face washing, stool or the like. Reference numeral 3 c is a hatch provided in the lower space B.

  The hatches 3a to 3c are not limited to the configuration such as a detachable type, an openable door type, and the like. Further, the hatches 3a to 3c are not necessarily formed of the same aluminum as that of the column structure material 1. Considering the case where the column structure material 1 is distorted by a severe earthquake, etc., if the hatches 3a to 3c are formed of aluminum having the same high rigidity as the column structure material 1, the hatch may not be opened. Therefore, if the hatch is made of a plastic material, wood, or the like having a lower strength than the pillar structure material 1, the intended purpose can be achieved by destroying the hatch itself even if the hatch does not open. Incidentally, since the portion where the hatch is formed is not the portion responsible for the strength as the column structure material 1, there is no problem in the strength of the column structure material 1 even if the hatch is constituted by a material having low strength.

  In the illustrated configuration, the upper space 1A is a space for storing water, and the lower space 1B is a storage space for emergency food, but the lower space 1B is a water storage space and the upper space 1A is a storage space for emergency food, Alternatively, it is possible to eliminate the upper and lower spaces and configure all the spaces in the column structure 1 as water storage spaces.

  Further, the internal space of the column structure 1 can be used as an integral tank, that is, as a tank for directly storing water without using the water storage container 2. In this case, since the inner surface of the column structure material 1 made of an aluminum material is in direct contact with water, at least the surface of the column structure material 1 that is in direct contact with water forms an anodized film (alumite film) to enhance corrosion resistance. It is desirable to keep it.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the pillar structure material 1 shown in FIG. 1 as a structure material.
Reference numeral 6 in the drawing is a bracket attached to the top of the column structure material 1 and is fixed to the column structure material 1 by a strong fixing means such as a bolt (not shown).
For example, the above-described water injection is performed with the bracket 6 attached. That is, the hatch 3a of the column structure member 1 is opened through the beam insertion opening 6a or 6b of the bracket 6, water W is injected into the water storage container 2 in the above-described procedure, and the hatch 3a is closed after water injection. In this state, the beam 7 is inserted into the beam insertion openings 6a and 6b of the bracket 6, and is firmly fixed to each other by a fixing means such as a bolt (not shown).

  In addition, if the formation position of the water inlet hatch 3a in the pillar structure material 1 is formed below the arrangement portion of the bracket 6, water can be injected even after the beam is fixed. It is also possible to configure so that water can be poured even once.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment.
Reference numeral 8 in the figure denotes a component of the building configured as a plate-like structural material (hereinafter referred to as “wall structural material”) that constitutes the wall surface of the building. Since the wall structural material 8 is a structural material constituting the wall surface of a building such as a house, it is configured in a flat plate shape as shown in FIG.

  Also in the wall structural member 8, the inside of the structural member is configured to be hollow, and materials other than the constituent material of the wall structural member 8 can be stored in the internal space. In addition, when the wall structure material 8 bears a part of the strength of the structure like the wall surface of the concrete structure, it is made of a material having high physical strength such as aluminum so as to have high rigidity like the column structure material 1. The Further, when it is configured as an interior material, such as a structure that fits as a wall surface to a frame body that bears the strength of the structure, it can also be configured of a material that is less rigid than aluminum, such as FRP.

  The configuration shown in FIG. 3 (B1) in FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which the space 8a of the wall structural member 8 is filled with water W. What is indicated by reference numeral 9 in FIG. 9A is a lid made of a flexible material such as urethane rubber, and is formed with respect to the wall structure material 8 [FIG. Reference] for sealing.

  The wall structure material 8 into which water W is injected and incorporated in a structure such as a building exhibits the following functions. First, similarly to the pillar structure material 1, the filled water W can be used as drinking water or domestic water when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs. More specifically, when the filled water W is needed, the lid body 8 is removed, a hose is inserted into the pouring drain, and the internal water W is discharged and used according to the siphon principle. In this case, since the lid body 9 is made of a flexible material such as urethane rubber as described above, the lid body 9 always has high hermeticity. Can be pulled out easily.

Next, by injecting water W into the wall structure material 8, the heat capacity of the wall structure material 8 itself can be significantly improved as compared with the aluminum material.
Incidentally, regarding the specific heat (Cal / g · ° C.), aluminum is 0.215, which is about 1/5 of water with a specific heat of 1.0, which is a very small specific heat with respect to water. For this reason, by injecting water W into the wall structure material 8 made of aluminum, the heat capacity of the wall structure material 8 as a whole can be greatly increased.

  By injecting water W into the wall structure material 8 to increase the heat capacity as described above, the thermal energy of sunlight inserted into the wall structure material 8 is stored in the wall structure material 8 in winter, for example. Further, by dissipating the heat, it is possible to reduce the consumption of artificial heating energy correspondingly at night as well as during the day. The thermal conductivity (Cal / g · ° C · second) of aluminum is 0.53, which is quite good. Therefore, the heat absorption and heat dissipation of the filling water W are considerably good through the aluminum material layer of the wall structure 8. Done. In addition, since the sun is higher in summer than in winter, if the length of the wall of the building is set appropriately, the wall structure material 8 can be prevented from being irradiated with sunlight, and the water in the wall structure material 8 can be prevented. Temperature rise can be avoided.

  Next, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3 (B2), the internal space 8a of the wall structure material 8 is filled with a heat insulating material 10 such as polystyrene foam. In this configuration, the internal space 8a is configured as a storage space for a material that cannot be put in and out, and by filling the heat insulating material 10, the heat insulating performance of the wall structure material 8 made of aluminum can be greatly improved. . Incidentally, as described above, aluminum has a considerably high thermal conductivity. From the viewpoint of heat insulation, aluminum is a material with extremely poor performance. In this regard, by filling the heat insulating material 10, the heat insulating performance of the aluminum wall structure material 8 can be drastically improved. In addition, when the material of the wall structure material 8 is FRP, although it depends on the blending amount of the carbon fiber, etc., the thermal conductivity is generally considerably lower than that of aluminum, and therefore the heat insulating performance is considerably better than that of aluminum. .

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment.
Reference numeral 11 denotes a structural member formed as a columnar structural material, which is configured as a structural material that can be used for various purposes such as a wall surface or a ceiling surface, or a floor surface. is there. Hereinafter, this structural material is referred to as a multipurpose structural material.

  The multi-purpose structural material 11 is basically configured such that the function of the multi-purpose structural material 11 is specified by the type of the material filled therein, and basically the filled material is used for the multi-purpose structural material 11. It is not taken out from the structural material 11 and used separately.

  FIG. 4 (B1) is a case where the heat insulating function as the multipurpose structural material 11 is improved by filling the internal space 11a of the multipurpose structural material 11 with a heat insulating material 10 such as polystyrene foam. Further, (B2) is configured to improve the heat capacity of the multipurpose structural member 11 by filling the internal space 11a with water W. The configuration filled with water W is configured by a method such as sealing one end of a cylinder constituting the multipurpose structural member 11 with a screw lid and then sealing the screw lid after filling the internal space 11a with water W. It is possible. Further, if necessary, it is possible to use the internal water W by providing a lid as shown in FIG.

In the configuration of FIG. 4, the multipurpose structural member 11 is a cylinder, but other than this configuration, the hexagonal column, the quadrangular column, the triangular column, or the like may have a polygonal cross section, and the shape thereof is not limited. .
Further, these multipurpose structural members 11 and the wall structure shown in FIG. 3 are combined to form a square or polygonal capsule, and this capsule is placed in a normal house, for example, in the event of an earthquake or fire. It is possible to use this capsule as a disaster prevention shelter when it is not possible to escape outdoors. Incidentally, the wall structural member 8 shown in FIG. 3 is rectangular, but it is possible to configure the entire capsule into a desired shape such as a square or a polyhedron by configuring it as a square, a triangle, or another polygon. In this case, since the multipurpose structural member 11 and the wall structure 8 have high heat insulating properties, it is possible to ensure the safety of those who evacuate in the capsule even in the event of a fire.

  Normally, the entrance of the capsule is opened, and communication means with the outside such as a personal computer or a telephone connected to the Internet is placed in the capsule, and communication with the outside is always performed using this communication means. If it is configured, it is highly possible to communicate with the outside using these means even when evacuating to this capsule in the event of an emergency such as an earthquake or fire. If an external confirmation means such as a window in which tempered glass or the like is fitted in a part of the capsule is installed, the external situation can be confirmed even in the capsule, and it becomes easy to take appropriate measures thereafter.

  Furthermore, in place of the window where the outside can be optically visually recognized in this way, means capable of confirming the outline of the outside situation by infrared rays, electromagnetic waves, etc., for example, an infrared night-vision device is arranged in the capsule, and this device is It may be used to check the outside. In particular, infrared night vision devices have capsules that are placed inside the building, and when the lighting in the building is completely lost due to a power outage due to a disaster, it is possible to see the outside and get out of the capsule. This is very effective when judging whether or not it is possible.

  In the case of the shelter having the above configuration, it is naturally possible to improve the strength and heat resistance by solidifying the periphery of the configured shelter with mortar and integrating them. In addition, when the shelter is arranged in a house or building, it is naturally possible to perform a process such as putting wallpaper on the outer surface of the shelter or applying a design such as appropriate coloring so as not to feel uncomfortable.

5 and 6 show examples of use of the cylindrical multipurpose structural material 11 itself shown in FIG. 4 for the structure.
In FIG. 5A, reference numeral 12 denotes a lower end support member (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “lower end support member”) of the multipurpose structure material configured such that the lower end portion of the multipurpose structure material 11 is fitted and positioned. Reference numeral 13 denotes an interposition plate interposed between the lower end support members 12, and the lower end side edge thereof is connected to two adjacent lower end support members 12. In addition to the configuration in which the lower end support member 12 and the interposition plate 13 are firmly connected and fixed so that the lower end support members 12 are positioned in a straight line, for example, the connection portions of the lower end support members 12 and the interposition plates 13 are attached. As a fitting structure (not shown) such as key engagement capable of changing the angle, the position of each lower end support member 12 can be arranged in a free curve or broken line as shown in FIG. You can also.

  In the above configuration, for example, the lower end of the multipurpose structural member 11 is inserted into each lower end support member 12 arranged in a planar shape that draws a gentle curve as shown in FIG. In addition, since the interposition plate 13 is disposed in close contact with the space between the adjacent multipurpose structural members 11, a series of wall surfaces are formed by the multipurpose structural member 11 and the interposition plates 13.

  5 (B) and 5 (C) show, as described above, the multipurpose structural member 11 erected and supported by the respective lower end support members 12 and the interposition plate 13 interposed between the multipurpose structural members 11 at the upper end portions thereof. The upper end support member 14 which supports and fixes is shown.

  The multi-purpose structural member 11 is connected to the multi-purpose structural material support portion 14a, and the multi-purpose structural material support portion 14a is connected to the multi-purpose structural material support portion 14a. An intervening plate support portion 14 b that supports the upper end of one intervening plate 13 of the two intervening plates 13 adjacent to 11 is formed.

  Upper end support members 14 are sequentially inserted into the top portions of the multipurpose structural members 11 and the interposition plates 13 erected by the lower end support members 12, and the multipurpose structure members 111 and the interposition plates 13 are connected by connecting the upper end support members 14. The upper end of is supported. Incidentally, since the upper end support member 14 is configured to support the multipurpose structural material support portion 14a and one of the interposition plates 13, each multipurpose structural material 11 is opposed to the interposition plate on the side not supported by the multipurpose structural material 11. Since the contact angle can be freely changed, the arrangement can be performed following the arrangement of the lower end support members 12 shown in FIG. Further, when the load of the structure is supported by the multipurpose structural material 11 through the upper support member 14, the upper support member 14 is also made of a highly rigid material such as aluminum and fixed to the ceiling surface or the like. While supporting the multipurpose structural material 11 and the interposition board 13 firmly, the load of the ceiling surface side can be transmitted to the multipurpose structural material 11 side.

  If the lower end support member 12 is formed in a ring shape as shown in the figure, the load of the structure including the multipurpose structural material 11 is all directly supported by the multipurpose structural material 11, so that the lower end support member 12 itself is Does not require great strength. Similarly, when the upper support member 14a is configured in a ring shape like the lower end support member 12 and is configured to receive the load directly on the multipurpose structural material 11 side, the strength is not required to be as great as the lower end support member 12. Accordingly, the upper and lower support members and the interposed member can be made of plastic or wood.

  FIG. 6 conceptually shows an example of the arrangement state of the lower end support member 12 and the interposition plate 13. In the configuration shown in the figure, the entire configuration is arranged so as to draw a soft S-shape. However, by drawing other curves or arranging them in a straight line except for some connecting portions, the planar shape may have a plurality of straight lines. The arrangement configuration can be freely set, for example, such that the arrangement is made.

  As described above, the structural material shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is appropriately selected according to the structural materials shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 or in addition to these structural materials, so that the above-described disaster prevention shelter has a desired size and a desired shape. Those skilled in the art can easily conceive that the material can be molded.

  As described above, the building component according to the present invention has been described as a structural material mainly responsible for a part of a structure such as a house. For example, at least a part of the structure is a conventional wooden structure or reinforced concrete structure, and the building of the present invention is constructed. For example, the structural member can be used for applications other than the structural material, such as a partition material for partitioning a space portion of a building or an interior material for a wall surface.

  In each of the above embodiments, when building structural members are used as structural materials, the structural materials are described on the assumption that they are so-called bare on the indoor space side or external space side. The method of applying another material such as concrete mortar on the surface of the material or arranging another material such as a panel is easily conceived by those skilled in the art at the time of designing and constructing a building. The building structural member can be appropriately used in the design and construction in a mode according to the purpose of the designer and the installer.

1A shows a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a structural material configured as a pillar, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an assembled state of the column structure material illustrated in FIG. 1 and an assembled state of the column structure material and the beam. FIG. 3A shows a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a member configured as a wall structure material, and FIGS. 3B1 and 3B2 are both A in FIG. FIG. 3 (B1) is a cross-sectional view of the wall structure material filled with water, FIG. 3 (B2) is a cross-sectional view of the state where the heat insulating material is filled, and FIG. It is a cross-sectional enlarged view by the AA line of FIG. 3 (A). FIG. 4A shows a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4A is a partially omitted perspective view of a member configured as a column structure material, and FIGS. 4B1 and 4B2 are both FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4B, FIG. 4B1 is a cross-sectional view of the column structure material filled with a heat insulating material, FIG. 4B2 is a cross-sectional view of the state filled with water, and FIG. C1) and FIG. 4C2 are both cross-sectional views taken along line BB in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4C1 is a cross-sectional view in which the column structure material is filled with a heat insulating material. B2) is a sectional view of the state filled with water. 5A shows an example of an arrangement state of the column structure material, FIG. 5A is a partial perspective view showing a support state of the column structure material by the lower end support member, FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the upper end support member, and FIG. ) Is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. It is a figure which shows notionally the plane of the arrangement | sequence state of the column structure material shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Column structure material 1A (column structure material) upper space 1B (column structure material) lower space 2 Water storage container 2a (water storage container) water inlet 3a, 3b, 3c Hatch 4 Faucet 4a (for faucet) Flexible Hose 5 space securing member 6 bracket 6a (bracket) beam insertion opening 7 beam 8 wall structure material 8a (wall structure material) internal space 9 (wall structure material) lid 10 heat insulating material 11 column structure material 11a ( Internal space (of the column structure material) 12 Lower end support member 13 Intervening plate 14 Upper support member 14a (Upper support member) Multipurpose structural material support portion 14b (Upper support member) Interposal plate support portion

Claims (5)

Posts a member constituting the building, beams, walls, a separate member capable structuring according to their use as a floor, the element is configured as a hollow body having a plurality of interior space, the interior One of the spaces is filled with water, and an internal space filled with the water is provided with means capable of discharging a desired amount of the filled water, and the other space is configured as a space for storing articles used in an emergency. A structural member of a building, characterized by A bag-shaped water storage container is disposed in the space for filling the water, and the water storage container is provided with a means such as a faucet that can discharge a desired amount of filling water. 1 Symbol mounting the components of the buildings. Between empty except space filled with the water, emergency food, medicine, construction member according to claim 1 or 2 building wherein it has adapted for use as a storage space of the article to be used in portable radios such emergency. Forming a building structural member filled with water as a structural material of the building, and setting the heat capacity of the structural material larger than the heat capacity of the material constituting the structural material with the filled water The structural member of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the structural member is configured. The structural member of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the structural member of the building is made of aluminum.

Images