JP5228438B2 - Trolley wire wear amount measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire that measures the wear amount of a trolley wire of an electric railway using image processing.

  The trolley wire is an electric wire that supplies electric power to the train, and is worn by friction with the pantograph every time the train passes. The trolley wire in a general section wears in proportion to the number of passes of the train, but is not necessarily proportional to the number of passes, and wear progresses locally and at an accelerated rate, and the amount of wear is unpredictable. There are some sections. Therefore, in order to prevent an accident that the trolley wire is cut beyond the wear limit of the trolley wire, the amount of wear of the trolley wire is periodically measured.

  The conditions of the wear amount measuring device for the trolley wire will be described. Since the wear amount measuring device is often installed on the roof of a train, the wear amount measuring device is required to have a low height particularly in dimensions. This is because if there are tall objects on the roof of the train, wind noise may be generated, air resistance may increase, or damage or falling off may occur due to collision with flying objects. is there. Accordingly, a small wear amount measuring device is required, but in particular, a low height is required.

  Explaining the method of measuring the amount of wear on the trolley wire, the method of measuring the amount of wear by directly measuring the thickness of the trolley wire and the width of the sliding surface of the trolley wire (the surface formed by friction with the pantograph) For example, there is a method of measuring the amount of wear by measuring automatically.

  In the former method, the amount of wear is measured by directly measuring the thickness of the trolley wire manually using a caliper or the like.

  In the latter method, light is applied to the sliding surface of the trolley wire, the reflected light of the sliding surface is acquired by a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera or the like, and image processing of the acquired reflected light image is performed. The wear amount of the trolley wire is measured by obtaining the width of the sliding surface of the trolley wire. This is because the lower part of the trolley wire of the gourd-shaped section is flattened by friction with the pantograph, and the width of the flat part (sliding surface) becomes wider as wear progresses. Since it reflects within the range of the width of the flat part (sliding surface), the width of the sliding surface of the trolley wire can be obtained by measuring the width of the reflected light, and as a result, the wear amount of the trolley wire can be obtained. Because you can. In addition, sodium light (nonpatent literature 1), a laser beam (patent documents 1, 2), etc. are used as light irradiated to a trolley line.

Shunichi Kusumi, “Development of a train line inspection device using a railroad vehicle”, Railway Research Institute report, July 1998, Summary of the 114th Railway Research Institute monthly presentation, Kenyusha Foundation, September 22, 1998 JP 2001-59710 A JP-A-6-307832 JP 2002-139305 A JP 2002-279409 A JP 2003-341389 A JP 2006-244841 A

Since the former method is manual measurement, continuous measurement cannot be performed with respect to the trolley wire, which results in point measurement, resulting in poor measurement efficiency.
In the latter method, it is necessary to mechanically adjust the focus of the lens using the measured height of the trolley wire. The mechanical lens adjustment mechanism has a drawback that the apparatus becomes large. In this connection, the mechanical lens adjustment mechanism has a limit in tracking speed. Therefore, in the section where the height of the trolley line is abruptly changed or in high speed running, there is a disadvantage that the lens adjustment cannot follow and cannot be measured. When laser light is used (Patent Documents 1 and 2), the laser light attenuates as the distance to the trolley line becomes longer. Therefore, it is necessary to install high-power laser light exceeding Class 2 upward. In this case, safety measures are required to prevent the laser from entering the human eye, which makes it difficult to use.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire that can be reduced in size, increased in efficiency, and has high followability.

A wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to a first invention that solves the above-described problem is,
A light source that emits visible light to the trolley wire from below;
A plurality of imaging means configured to image adjacent focal ranges and simultaneously image the trolley line irradiated with the visible light from the lower side toward the vertical upper side;
A height measuring means for measuring the height of the trolley wire in synchronization with the imaging means;
An image selection unit that selects an image having the measured height as a focal range from images in units of frames captured by the plurality of imaging units;
Recording means for accumulating the selected images in a time series in units of frames, and recording the accumulated plural images as one image data;
By processing the image of the recorded image data in units of frames, the width of the sliding surface of the trolley line is calculated and the remaining diameter of the trolley line is calculated. Based on the remaining diameter, the trolley line A wear amount calculating means for obtaining a wear amount;
The plurality of imaging units are arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the trolley line, while the plurality of imaging units shift each imaging range in the horizontal direction with respect to the center of each optical axis, and the imaging The horizontal position of the range is the same position,
At least the light source, the imaging unit, the height measuring unit, the image selecting unit, and the recording unit are provided on the vehicle, and the image data of the trolley wire in the measurement section is recorded at a time and collectively The recorded image data is processed by the wear amount calculation means provided on the vehicle or on the ground.

A wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to a second invention that solves the above-described problems,
In the wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to the first invention,
The plurality of imaging means are each arranged in a vertically upward direction.

A wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to a third invention for solving the above-described problems is
In the wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to the first invention,
The plurality of image pickup means are arranged to face the same horizontal direction, respectively, and image a vertical upward direction using a mirror arranged in front of the image pickup means.

A wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to a fourth invention for solving the above-described problems is
In the wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to the first invention,
The plurality of image pickup means is an even number of 4 or more , and the pair of image pickup means are arranged facing each other in the horizontal direction along the trolley line, and different pairs of the image pickup means are the trolleys. A mirror is disposed in parallel in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the line and disposed between the opposing imaging means, and images are taken in the vertically upward direction.
A wear amount measuring apparatus for a trolley wire according to a fifth invention for solving the above-described problems is
In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the fourth invention,
The optical axis of the imaging means is directed to the vertex position of the mirror.

According to the first and second aspects of the invention, the wear amount can be measured while running on the vehicle, so that the measurement is efficient. In addition, since a mechanical lens adjustment mechanism for adjusting the lens focus is not required, the apparatus can be reduced in size, and can be followed even in a section where the height fluctuates greatly or at high speed. In addition, the use of visible light illumination is safe. Furthermore, since the image used for measuring the amount of wear is recorded, it is possible to view the recorded image and visually recognize the abnormal state.

Further , the capacity of image data to be recorded can be reduced. In addition, the horizontal shift of the imaging range can be reduced.

According to the third invention, in addition to the effect of the first invention, the height of the apparatus can be lowered.

According to the fourth invention, in addition to the effect of the first invention, the horizontal shift of the imaging range can be further reduced, and the visual field in the deviation direction is widened.
According to the fifth aspect, in addition to the effect of the fourth aspect, it is possible to reduce the longitudinal displacement of the trolley wire to be imaged.

  Embodiments of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an embodiment of a trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a trolley wire 1 for supplying electric power to a vehicle (train 5) is supported by a brace 3 (or bent metal) provided on a utility pole 2, and between each utility pole 2. It is erected.

  And the wear amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire in a present Example is directed to the lower surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 on the upper part (on the roof) of the train 5 that can travel on the rail 4 as shown in FIG. Then, the projector 6 (light source) that irradiates visible light upward from the lower side and the focal range are set to be adjacent to each other, and the trolley wire 1 irradiated with visible light is simultaneously imaged from the lower side vertically upward. It has a plurality of cameras 7 and 8 (imaging means). The first camera 7 and the second camera 8 continuously image the trolley wire 1 from the lower side including the light reflected by the lower surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1. As the first camera 7 and the second camera 8, those using an area sensor type or line sensor type image sensor are used. Although not shown, a height measuring device (height measuring means) that measures the height of the trolley wire 1 in synchronization with the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 is also provided on the train 5 independently. Is provided. For example, a laser sensor or the like is used as the height measuring device.

  Further, in the train 5, image data captured by the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 (data obtained by accumulating a plurality of images in frame units in time series) and height data measured by the height measuring device are recorded. A recording apparatus 9 for performing the processing, and an image processing apparatus 10 for performing image processing of the recorded image data. The image data is collectively recorded in the recording device 9, and then image processing is performed by the image processing device 10 on the vehicle.

  In this embodiment, the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 are arranged in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rail 4 (hereinafter, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the rail 4 is referred to as a sleeper direction). As described in FIG. 2, the rail 4 may be arranged in the length direction as long as a predetermined imaging range (a range in which the position of the trolley wire 1 fluctuates) can be imaged. In this embodiment, two cameras are used. However, if a predetermined imaging range can be imaged and the focal ranges are adjacent to each other, three or more cameras may be used.

  Here, the focal ranges of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of complementing each other with the imaging ranges 7 a and 8 a of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 for the range of deviation and height variation of the trolley wire 1.

  The imaging ranges 7a and 8a of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 can each cover the maximum range of displacement of the trolley wire 1 in the sleeper direction with respect to the width in the sleeper direction. On the other hand, with respect to the vertical width (focus range) of the imaging range 7a or the imaging range 8a alone, when the focal length and focus of the lens are fixed, the maximum height fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 in the vertical direction is maximum. The range cannot be covered. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, when the focal length and focus of the lens are fixed, the two imaging ranges 7a and 8a are matched with the focal ranges of the imaging ranges 7a and 8a being different from each other. Thus, the maximum range of the vertical fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 can be covered. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, in the imaging ranges 7a and 8a, the position in the sleeper direction is the same position in both the imaging ranges 7a and 8a, but the vertical position is the adjacent height position. . That is, in the imaging ranges 7a and 8a, the respective focal ranges are set to be different so that imaging can be performed.

  With such a setting, it is possible to compensate the range of deviation and height fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 with the imaging ranges 7a and 8a of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8, and in particular, the trolley wire. It is possible to supplement the range of the height variation of 1 with the different focus ranges of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8. Since the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 have the same image pickup ranges 7a and 8a in the sleeper direction, the image pickup ranges 7a and 8a are arranged in the sleeper direction with respect to the optical axis centers 7b and 8b. Has shifted to.

  Further, the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 shown in FIG. 1 are configured as shown in the block diagram of FIG. 3, for example.

  Specifically, the recording device 9 accumulates and records the frame unit images captured by the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 as the first camera image data 15a and the second camera image data 15b. A recording unit 11 </ b> A (recording unit) that accumulates and records the height measured by the height measuring device as height data 15 c in synchronization with the image in frame units. For example, an HDD (hard disk drive) or the like is used as the recording unit 11A.

  Further, the image processing apparatus 10 selects, based on the recorded frame data of the trolley line 1 of the trolley line 1, an image having the height as a focal range from the recorded image data 15 a and 15 b in units of frames. The image selection unit 13A (image selection means) that performs the image processing on the selected image calculates the width of the reflective surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 and calculates the remaining diameter thereof. 14A (wear amount calculation means) for obtaining the wear amount of the trolley wire 1 based on the above. A frame is a minimum unit still image constituting image data (moving image). In the present invention, image processing is performed for each frame unit, that is, for each minimum unit still image.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the projector 6, the cameras 7 and 8, the height measuring device, the recording device 9 (recording unit 11A), and the image processing device 10 (image selecting unit 13A, wear amount calculating unit 14A) are connected to the train 5. The recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 are connected to each other directly, and after image data is recorded in a batch on the recording device 9, the image processing device 10 on the vehicle performs image processing. Will be.

  Here, the measuring method in the wear amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire of a present Example is demonstrated, referring FIGS. 1-3.

  First, the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 are installed upward (vertically upward) toward the trolley line 1 and their focal ranges are set adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. The focal length and focus of the lens are set so that the lens is in focus within the range. As a result, the range of height fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 is such that the focal ranges of the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 complement each other, and even if the height of the trolley wire 1 fluctuates, An image in focus on the trolley line 1 can be acquired by the camera. The height measuring device is also arranged and set so that the height of the trolley wire 1 can be measured.

  Next, the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section is simultaneously imaged by the cameras 7 and 8, and the height is measured by the height measuring device in synchronization with the imaging, and the image and height in units of frames are recorded in the recording device 9. Are stored and recorded as image data 15a and 15b and height data 15c, respectively.

  Next, the image selection unit 13A of the image processing apparatus 10 uses the recorded height of the trolley line 1 to select an image focused on the trolley line 1 from the image data 15a and 15b in units of frames. That is, by selecting an image corresponding to the height of the trolley wire 1 from the focal ranges 7a and 8a shown in FIG. 2, the image selection unit 13A selects an image used when measuring the wear amount of the trolley wire 1. Will choose.

  Next, the wear amount calculation unit 14A of the image processing apparatus 10 detects the reflection surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 shown in the selected image by the binarization process in units of frames, and measures the width of the reflection surface. Finally, since the cross section of the trolley wire 1 is treated as a perfect circle and the reflecting surface is a flat surface, the remaining diameter of the trolley wire 1 is obtained using the measured width of the reflecting surface, and the trolley wire 1 wear amount is obtained.

  When measuring the width of the reflecting surface of the trolley wire 1 from the image, for example, as shown in Patent Document 6, by performing binarization processing on the image, a worn portion (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 And removing noise, detecting the edge of the worn portion (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1, and calculating the width of the worn portion (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 based on the detected edge.

The wear amount measuring apparatus for the trolley wire according to the present embodiment can measure the wear amount of the trolley wire 1 by the above-described procedure. The trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration has the following advantages.
(1) The trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment can be installed in a business vehicle. Therefore, it is possible to continuously measure the amount of wear on the trolley wire by using the image processing device installed on the upper side of the vehicle or the ground side while taking the trolley line image data etc. of the measurement section while traveling. Become efficient.
(2) The method using sodium lamp light or laser light requires a mechanical lens adjustment mechanism that adjusts the lens focus in real time from the height measurement value of the trolley wire, and there is a problem that the apparatus becomes large. However, in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment, a plurality of cameras with different focal ranges are arranged, and instead of using a lens adjustment mechanism, a plurality of images captured by cameras with different focal ranges are electrically selected. This eliminates the need for a lens adjustment mechanism, thereby reducing the size of the apparatus.
(3) Although the lens adjustment mechanism has a limit in the follow-up speed, the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment does not have such an adjustment mechanism, and therefore follows a section where the height fluctuates rapidly or even at high speeds. be able to.
(4) The method using laser light requires safety measures so that the high-power laser to be used does not directly enter the eyes. However, in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of this embodiment, visible light illumination and It is safe because it consists of a camera.
(5) In the conventional method, when there is an abnormality in the wear amount of the trolley wire, there is a problem that only the measured value is known. However, the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of this embodiment records an image of the trolley wire. Therefore, it is possible to view the abnormal state by viewing the recorded image.

  1, both the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 are installed on the train 5, but only the recording device 9 is installed on the train 5. The image processing apparatus 10 is installed on the ground, the image data collectively recorded in the recording apparatus 9 is subjected to image processing using the ground image processing apparatus 10, and the wear amount of the trolley wire 1 is measured. You may make it do. Hereinafter, the modification of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and the structure is demonstrated.

<First Modification>
The first modification is a configuration in which only the recording device 9 is installed on the train 5 and the image processing device 10 is installed on the ground in the configuration of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. Although not shown, separately from the first camera 7 and the second camera 8, an image for calculating the height of the trolley line 1 by imaging the trolley line 1 irradiated with visible light from below. A third camera (other image pickup means) for acquiring the above is provided on the train 5.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the first modification, the recording device 9 converts the frame-by-frame images captured by the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 into the first camera image. The data 15a and the second camera image data 15b are stored and recorded, and an image of the frame unit for calculating the height of the trolley line 1 is stored as the third camera image data 15d while being captured by the third camera. And a recording unit 11B for recording.

  In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the first modification, the image processing device 10 performs image processing on the recorded image data 15d to obtain the height of the trolley wire 1 in units of frames. The calculation unit 12B, an image selection unit 13B that selects an image to be used for wear amount measurement from the image data 15a and 15b based on the calculated frame unit height, and the trolley line 1 using the image processing from the selected image. And a wear amount calculation unit 14B for obtaining the remaining diameter and the wear amount.

  In the first modification, a projector 6, cameras 7, 8, a third camera, and a recording device 9 (recording unit 11B) are provided on the train 5, and an image processing device 10 (height calculating unit 12B, image selecting unit 13B, The wear amount calculation unit 14B) is provided on the ground, and the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 are not directly connected to each other. Accordingly, the image data collectively recorded on the recording device 9 is input to the image processing device 10 via a recording medium or the like and is subjected to image processing. As in the first embodiment, the image processing apparatus 10 is also provided on the train 5, and after image data is recorded in the recording apparatus 9 in a lump, the image processing apparatus 10 on the vehicle performs image processing. Also good.

  The measurement method in the first modification example is as follows.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 are installed upward toward the trolley line 1 and their focal ranges are set to be adjacent to each other. The focal length and focus of the lens are set so that the subject is in focus. The third camera is also arranged and set so that image data for calculating the height of the trolley line 1 can be acquired.

  Next, the trolley line 1 in the measurement section is simultaneously captured by the cameras 7 and 8, and images in units of frames are accumulated and recorded as image data 15 a and 15 b in the recording unit 11 B of the recording device 9. At this time, in synchronization with the cameras 7 and 8, the third camera also captures the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section, and accumulates and records the image in units of frames as image data 15 d in the recording unit 11 B of the recording device 9. These image data 15a, 15b, and 15d can be collectively output to a recording medium (for example, a CD-ROM), and the image processing apparatus 10 installed on the ground can be collectively output via the recording medium. Then, the next image processing is performed.

  Next, in the image processing apparatus 10 to which the image data 15a, 15b, and 15d are input, the height calculation unit 12B performs image processing on the image of the recorded image data 15d, whereby the height of the trolley line 1 in units of frames. In the image selection unit 13B, an image used for wear amount measurement is selected from the image data 15a and 15b from the obtained frame unit height. That is, an image in focus on the trolley line 1 is selected.

  Next, the wear amount calculation unit 14B of the image processing apparatus 10 detects the reflection surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 shown in the selected image by binarization processing in units of frames, and measures the width of the reflection surface. Finally, since the cross section of the trolley wire 1 is treated as a perfect circle and the reflecting surface is a flat surface, the remaining diameter of the trolley wire 1 is obtained using the measured width of the reflecting surface, and the trolley wire 1 wear amount is obtained.

  In the image processing apparatus 10, when selecting an image to be used for wear amount measurement based on the height information in units of frames, the selected image is accumulated in time series and recorded as one image data. It may be. In this way, by using one image data, when there is an abnormality in the wear amount, the abnormal state can be easily visually recognized by browsing the image data edited into one image data.

<Second Modification>
The second modification is also a configuration in which only the recording device 9 is installed on the train 5 and the image processing device 10 is installed on the ground in the configuration of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. In addition, a height measuring device (height measuring means) for measuring the height of the trolley wire 1 is provided on the train 5 in synchronization with the cameras 7 and 8.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire according to the second modified example has a height measuring device 18 (for example, a laser sensor) that independently measures the height of the trolley wire 1. Yes. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the second modified example, the recording device 9 includes a first frame buffer 16 for temporarily recording images in frame units captured by the first camera 7 and the second camera 8. An image in which the second frame buffer 17 and an image having the height measured by the height measuring device 18 as a focal range are selected from the frame unit images recorded in the first frame buffer 16 and the second frame buffer 17. A selection unit 13C and a recording unit 11C that accumulates the selected images in a time series in units of frames and records them as one image data. That is, in the second modification example, the image selection unit 13C is provided on the recording device 9 side. Therefore, the recording unit 11c of the recording device 9 stores one image in which a plurality of images selected in units of frames are accumulated. Image data is recorded.

  In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the second modification, the image processing device 10 obtains the width of the reflecting surface of the trolley wire 1 from the recorded image data image using image processing. A wear amount calculation unit 14C for obtaining the remaining diameter and the wear amount is provided.

  In the second modification, the projector 6, cameras 7 and 8, the height measuring device 18, and the recording device 9 (recording unit 11C, image selection unit 13C) are provided on the train 5, and the image processing device 10 (wear amount calculation unit). 14C) is provided on the ground, and the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 are not directly connected to each other. Therefore, the image data recorded in the recording device 9 is input to the image processing device 10 via a recording medium or the like and is subjected to image processing. As in the first embodiment, the image processing apparatus 10 is also provided on the train 5, and after image data is recorded in the recording apparatus 9 in a lump, the image processing apparatus 10 on the vehicle performs image processing. Also good.

  The measurement method in the second modification example is as follows.

  As in the case of the first embodiment, the first camera 7 and the second camera 8 are installed upward toward the trolley line 1 and their focal ranges are set adjacent to each other. The focal length and focus of the lens are set so that the lens is in focus. The height measuring device 18 is also arranged and set so that the height of the trolley wire 1 can be measured.

  Next, the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section is simultaneously imaged by the cameras 7 and 8 and images are temporarily recorded in the first frame buffer 16 and the second frame buffer 17 in units of frames. At this time, the height of the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section is measured by the height measuring device 18 in synchronization with the cameras 7 and 8, and the image selection unit 13 </ b> C is based on the height of each frame unit. An image focused on the line 1 is selected from images recorded in the first frame buffer 16 and the second frame buffer 17. Then, the selected images are accumulated in time series in units of frames, and recorded in the recording unit 11C as a single image data. The recorded image data can be output to a recording medium (for example, a CD-ROM), and is input to the image processing apparatus 10 installed on the ground via the recording medium to perform the next image processing. Is called.

  Next, the wear amount calculation unit 14C of the image processing apparatus 10 detects the reflection surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 shown in the image of the input image data by binarization processing in units of frames, and the width of the reflection surface. Measure. Finally, since the cross section of the trolley wire 1 is treated as a perfect circle and the reflecting surface is a flat surface, the remaining diameter of the trolley wire 1 is obtained using the measured width of the reflecting surface, and the trolley wire 1 wear amount is obtained.

  As described above, in the second modified example, before recording in the recording unit 11C of the recording device 9, an image used for wear amount measurement is selected in units of frames, and the selected image in units of frames is accumulated. Therefore, the required recording capacity can be reduced as compared with the first and second modified examples. In addition, since there is one piece of image data, when there is an abnormality in the amount of wear, the abnormal state can be easily visually recognized by browsing this image data.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing another example of the embodiment of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

  The trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. The apparatus 9 and the image processing apparatus 10 are also configured as shown in FIG.

  A specific difference is that in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment, the plurality of cameras 7 and 8 are both installed upward toward the trolley wire 1. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of cameras 21 and 22 are arranged in parallel so that the lenses face the same horizontal direction, and the lenses of the cameras 21 and 22 are arranged. This is that a triangular prism-like mirror 23 having a mirror surface is arranged on the front surface. The mirror surface of the mirror 23 is inclined with respect to the length direction of the rail 4. In the present embodiment, the trolley wire 1 is imaged from the lower side to the vertically upper side via the mirror 23. The focal range captured by the cameras 21 and 22 is as shown in FIG. These focal ranges are set to be adjacent to each other.

  Normally, in the wear amount measuring device for the trolley wire, the cameras 21 and 22 need a field of view equivalent to the displacement of the trolley wire 1 with respect to the sleeper direction. The length direction) may be a narrow field of view. Therefore, the mirror surface of the mirror 23 may be long in the sleeper direction and short in the height direction.

  In the present embodiment, the first camera 21 and the second camera 22 are arranged in the sleeper direction. However, as described with reference to FIG. You may arrange | position in a length direction. In this embodiment, two cameras are used. However, if a predetermined imaging range can be imaged and the focal ranges are adjacent to each other, three or more cameras may be used.

  Here, the measuring method in the wear amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire of a present Example is demonstrated. Here, the description will be made with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 described above in addition to FIG.

  The first camera 21 and the second camera 22 are placed sideways in front of the mirror 23 and their focal ranges are set adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. The focal length and focus of the lens are set so that As a result, the range of height fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 compensates for the focal ranges of the first camera 21 and the second camera 22, and even if the height of the trolley wire 1 fluctuates, An image in focus on the trolley line 1 can be acquired by the camera. The height measuring device is also arranged and set so that the height of the trolley wire 1 can be measured.

  Next, the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section is simultaneously imaged by the cameras 21 and 22, and the height is measured by the height measuring device in synchronization with the imaging, and the image and height in units of frames are recorded in the recording device 9. Are stored and recorded as image data 15a and 15b and height data 15c, respectively.

  Next, the image selection unit 13A of the image processing apparatus 10 uses the recorded height of the trolley line 1 to select an image focused on the trolley line 1 from the image data 15a and 15b in units of frames. That is, by selecting an image corresponding to the height of the trolley line 1 from the focal range as shown in FIG. 2, the image selection unit 13A selects an image to be used when measuring the wear amount of the trolley line 1. It will be.

  Next, the wear amount calculation unit 14A of the image processing apparatus 10 detects the reflection surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 shown in the selected image by the binarization process in units of frames, and measures the width of the reflection surface. Finally, since the cross section of the trolley wire 1 is treated as a perfect circle and the reflecting surface is a flat surface, the remaining diameter of the trolley wire 1 is obtained using the measured width of the reflecting surface, and the trolley wire 1 wear amount is obtained. In addition, as a means to measure the width | variety of the reflective surface of the trolley line 1 from an image, you may use the means shown by patent document 6, for example.

  The wear amount measuring apparatus for the trolley wire according to the present embodiment can measure the wear amount of the trolley wire 1 by the above-described procedure. In addition to the advantages described in the first embodiment, the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration has an advantage that the height of the apparatus can be reduced.

  Normally, when a wear amount measuring device for a trolley wire is installed on the roof of a train, there are few restrictions on its width and length, but there are many restrictions on its height. This is because if there is a tall one on the roof of the train, problems such as wind noise, air resistance, damage due to collision with flying objects, and dropout may occur. On the other hand, in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment, the cameras 21 and 22 are placed horizontally, and the mirror 23 having a low height is arranged, so that the apparatus height can be lowered. This is a great advantage when installed on the roof of a train.

  Note that the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment also has both the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 installed on the train 5 in the same manner as the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the first embodiment. As in the first modification and the second modification in the first embodiment, only the recording device 9 is installed on the train 5, the image processing device 10 is installed on the ground, and the images collectively recorded on the recording device 9 are recorded. Data may be subjected to image processing using the ground image processing apparatus 10 to measure the wear amount of the trolley wire 1.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another example of the embodiment of the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

  The trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment except for the configuration of the cameras 31, 32, etc. The apparatus 9 and the image processing apparatus 10 are also configured as shown in FIG.

  A specific difference is that in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment, the plurality of cameras 7 and 8 are both installed upward toward the trolley wire 1. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of cameras 31, 32 are arranged horizontally so that the lenses face each other and face in the horizontal direction. 32, a triangular prism-shaped mirror 33 is disposed between the cameras 31 and 32 so that a long rectangular mirror surface in the sleeper direction is disposed on the front surface of each lens. The cameras 31 and 32 image the trolley wire 1 vertically from the lower side via the mirror 33, but the focus range that can be imaged is as shown in FIG. The focal range is set to be adjacent.

  Usually, in the wear amount measuring device for the trolley wire, the cameras 31 and 32 require a field of view equivalent to the displacement of the trolley wire 1 with respect to the direction of the sleepers. The length direction) may be a narrow field of view. Therefore, the mirror surface of the mirror 33 may be long in the sleeper direction and short in the height direction.

  Further, the arrangement configuration of the cameras 7 and 8 in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the first embodiment described above, and the arrangement configuration of the cameras 21 and 22 and the mirror 23 in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the second embodiment described above. Then, since the cameras 21 and 22 are arranged in parallel in the sleeper direction, actually, as shown in FIG. 8, in the displacement direction of the trolley wire 1, their imaging ranges 7 a and 8 a (or 21 a and 22 a). During this period, a deviation d of the imaging range occurs. This shift d can be made as small as possible by shifting each imaging range. However, in reality, it is not easy to make the shift d zero, and when the imaging range is not shifted at all. , Will increase in proportion to the number of cameras installed. The deviation d may narrow a substantial visual field (an imaging range effective for measurement).

  Therefore, in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the cameras 31 and 32 are arranged so that the lens surfaces face each other with a triangular prism-shaped mirror 33 in between. In such an arrangement, for example, by aligning the optical axes of the cameras 31 and 32, the focal range shift d as shown in FIG. 8 is eliminated.

  In this embodiment, two cameras are used. However, if a predetermined imaging range can be captured and the focal ranges are adjacent to each other, an even number of cameras of four or more, that is, two cameras are paired. Then, two or more pairs of cameras may be used. In this case, the paired cameras are arranged to face each other, and the different pairs of cameras are arranged in parallel in the sleeper direction.

  Here, the measuring method in the wear amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire of a present Example is demonstrated. Here, the description will be given with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 in addition to FIG.

  In advance, the first camera 31 and the second camera 32 are placed horizontally so that the lens surfaces face each other with the mirror 33 in between. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the focal ranges of the lenses are set to be adjacent to each other, and the focal length and the focus of the lens are set so that the lens is focused in each focal range. As a result, the range of height fluctuation of the trolley wire 1 compensates for the focal range of the first camera 31 and the second camera 32, and even if the height of the trolley wire 1 fluctuates, An image in focus on the trolley line 1 can be acquired by the camera. The height measuring device is also arranged and set so that the height of the trolley wire 1 can be measured.

  The optical axes of the cameras 31 and 32 are set so as to face the apex position of the triangular prism-shaped mirror 33 (the highest position in the mirror 33), whereby the front-rear direction of the trolley wire 1 to be imaged The deviation is reduced.

  Next, the trolley wire 1 in the measurement section is simultaneously imaged by the cameras 31 and 32, and the height is measured by the height measuring device in synchronization with the imaging, and the image and height in units of frames are recorded in the recording device 9. Are stored and recorded as image data 15a and 15b and height data 15c, respectively.

  Next, the image selection unit 13A of the image processing apparatus 10 uses the recorded height of the trolley line 1 to select an image focused on the trolley line 1 from the image data 15a and 15b in units of frames. That is, by selecting an image corresponding to the height of the trolley line 1 from the focal range as shown in FIG. 2, the image selection unit 13A selects an image to be used when measuring the wear amount of the trolley line 1. It will be.

  Next, the wear amount calculation unit 14A of the image processing apparatus 10 detects the reflection surface (sliding surface) of the trolley wire 1 shown in the selected image by the binarization process in units of frames, and measures the width of the reflection surface. Finally, since the cross section of the trolley wire 1 is treated as a perfect circle and the reflecting surface is a flat surface, the remaining diameter of the trolley wire 1 is obtained using the measured width of the reflecting surface, and the trolley wire 1 wear amount is obtained. In addition, as a means to measure the width | variety of the reflective surface of the trolley line 1 from an image, you may use the means shown by patent document 6, for example.

  The wear amount measuring apparatus for the trolley wire according to the present embodiment can measure the wear amount of the trolley wire 1 by the above-described procedure. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, the first camera 31 and the second camera 32 are disposed so as to face each other with the mirror 33 interposed therebetween. In addition to the above advantages, there is an advantage that the horizontal displacement of the imaging range is reduced and the field of view in the displacement direction is widened.

  Note that the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the present embodiment also has both the recording device 9 and the image processing device 10 installed on the train 5 in the same manner as the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus of the first embodiment. As in the first modification and the second modification in the first embodiment, only the recording device 9 is installed on the train 5, the image processing device 10 is installed on the ground, and the images collectively recorded on the recording device 9 are recorded. Data may be subjected to image processing using the ground image processing apparatus 10 to measure the wear amount of the trolley wire 1.

  The wear amount measuring apparatus for trolley wires according to the present invention is suitable for the case where it is installed on the roof of a train and continuously measured when measuring the wear amount of a trolley wire of an electric railway.

It is the schematic which shows an example of embodiment of the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for compensating for the range of trolley wire deflection and height fluctuation in the imaging range of the first camera and the second camera in the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It is a block diagram explaining the structure of the recording device and image processing apparatus in the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire shown in FIG. It is a block diagram explaining the modification of the structure of the recording device in the wear amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire shown in FIG. 1, and an image processing apparatus. It is a block diagram explaining the other modification of the structure of the recording device in the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire shown in FIG. 1, and an image processing apparatus. It is the schematic which shows another example of embodiment of the abrasion amount measuring device of the trolley wire which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic which shows another example of embodiment of the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the trolley wire which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the shift | offset | difference which arises between the imaging range of a 1st camera and a 2nd camera.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Trolley line 4 Rail 5 Train 6 Floodlight 7, 21, 31 1st camera 8, 22, 32 2nd camera 9 Recording apparatus 10 Image processing apparatus 23, 33 Mirror

Claims (5)

A light source that emits visible light to the trolley wire from below;
A plurality of imaging means configured to image adjacent focal ranges and simultaneously image the trolley line irradiated with the visible light from the lower side toward the vertical upper side;
A height measuring means for measuring the height of the trolley wire in synchronization with the imaging means;
An image selection unit that selects an image having the measured height as a focal range from images in units of frames captured by the plurality of imaging units;
Recording means for accumulating the selected images in a time series in units of frames, and recording the accumulated plural images as one image data;
By processing the image of the recorded image data in units of frames, the width of the sliding surface of the trolley line is calculated and the remaining diameter of the trolley line is calculated. Based on the remaining diameter, the trolley line A wear amount calculating means for obtaining a wear amount;
The plurality of imaging units are arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the trolley line, while the plurality of imaging units shift each imaging range in the horizontal direction with respect to the center of each optical axis, and the imaging The horizontal position of the range is the same position,
At least the light source, the imaging unit, the height measuring unit, the image selecting unit, and the recording unit are provided on the vehicle, and the image data of the trolley wire in the measurement section is recorded at a time and collectively A trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus, wherein the recorded image data is processed by the wear amount calculating means provided on a vehicle or on the ground. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
The trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus, wherein the plurality of imaging means are respectively arranged in a vertically upward direction. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
The plurality of image pickup means are arranged facing the same horizontal direction, and wear the trolley wire characterized in that the mirror is arranged in front of the image pickup means to pick up an image in the vertical upward direction. Quantity measuring device. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
The plurality of image pickup means is an even number of 4 or more , and the pair of image pickup means are arranged facing each other in the horizontal direction along the trolley line, and different pairs of the image pickup means are the trolleys. An apparatus for measuring a wear amount of a trolley wire, wherein a mirror is disposed in parallel in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the line and arranged between the imaging means facing each other, and vertically upward is imaged. In the trolley wire wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 4,
An apparatus for measuring a wear amount of a trolley wire, wherein an optical axis of the imaging means is directed to a vertex position of the mirror.

Images