JP5250989B2 - 光電変換素子及び太陽電池 - Google Patents
光電変換素子及び太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5250989B2 JP5250989B2 JP2007083976A JP2007083976A JP5250989B2 JP 5250989 B2 JP5250989 B2 JP 5250989B2 JP 2007083976 A JP2007083976 A JP 2007083976A JP 2007083976 A JP2007083976 A JP 2007083976A JP 5250989 B2 JP5250989 B2 JP 5250989B2
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Description
1.対向電極間に、下記一般式(1)の構造を有する化合物を含有することを特徴とする光電変換素子。
上記一般式(1)中、Gは、一般式(1a)で表される結合基、mは1以上の整数を示す。
2. 対向電極間に、下記一般式(2)の構造を有する化合物を含有することを特徴とする光電変換素子。
上記一般式(2)中、Gは、一般式(2a)で表される結合基、nは3以上の整数を示す。
3.前記一般式(1)又は一般式(2)に記載された化合物が、下記一般式(a)または(b)で表される置換基を含有することを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。
4.前記1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を有することを特徴とする太陽電池。
(例示化合物D−1の合成)
以下に示すスキーム(1)に従い、例示化合物D−1を合成した。
以下に示すスキーム(2)に従い、例示化合物D−12を合成した。
(例示化合物D−18の合成)
以下に示すスキーム(3)に従い、例示化合物D−18を合成した。
本発明の光電変換素子は、導電性支持体上の金属化合物半導体に本願発明の化合物(増感色素)を含ませてなる光電極と対向電極を電解質層を介して対向配置してなる。以下、金属化合物半導体、光電極、電解質、対向電極について順次説明する。
光電極に用いられる金属化合物半導体としては、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのような単体、周期表(元素周期表ともいう)の第3族〜第5族、第13族〜第15族系の元素を有する化合物、金属のカルコゲニド(例えば、酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物等)、金属窒化物等を使用することができる。
本発明の光電変換素子や本発明の太陽電池に用いられる導電性支持体には、金属板のような導電性材料や、ガラス板やプラスチックフイルムのような非導電性材料に導電性物質を設けた構造のものを用いることができる。導電性支持体に用いられる材料の例としては金属(例えば白金、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、ロジウム、インジウム)あるいは導電性金属酸化物(例えばインジウム−スズ複合酸化物、酸化スズにフッ素をドープしたもの)や炭素を挙げることができる。導電性支持体の厚さは特に制約されないが、0.3〜5mmが好ましい。
本発明に係る光電極の作製方法について説明する。
まず、金属化合物半導体の微粉末を含む塗布液を調製する。この半導体微粉末はその1次粒子径が微細な程好ましく、その1次粒子径は1〜5000nmが好ましく、更に好ましくは2〜50nmである。半導体微粉末を含む塗布液は、半導体微粉末を溶媒中に分散させることによって調製することができる。溶媒中に分散された半導体微粉末は、その1次粒子状で分散する。溶媒としては金属化合物半導体微粉末を分散し得るものであればよく、特に制約されない。
上記のようにして得られた金属化合物半導体微粉末含有塗布液を、導電性支持体上に塗布または吹きつけ、乾燥等を行った後、空気中または不活性ガス中で焼成して、導電性支持体上に金属化合物半導体層(半導体膜)が形成される。
金属化合物半導体の増感処理は、前述のように本願発明の化合物(増感色素)を適切な溶媒に溶解し、その溶液に前記半導体を焼成した基板を浸漬することによって行われる。その際には半導体層(半導体膜ともいう)を焼成により形成させた基板を、予め減圧処理したり加熱処理したりして膜中の気泡を除去しおくことが好ましい。このような処理により、本発明の増感色素が半導体層(半導体膜)内部深くに進入できるようになり、半導体層(半導体膜)が多孔質構造膜である場合には特に好ましい。
金属化合物半導体を焼成した基板を本願発明の化合物(増感色素)を含む溶液に浸漬する時間は、半導体層(半導体膜)に前記化合物が深く進入して吸着等を充分に進行させ、半導体を十分に増感させることが好ましい。また、溶液中での前記化合物の分解等により生成して分解物が化合物の吸着を妨害することを抑制する観点から、25℃条件下では3〜48時間が好ましく、更に好ましくは4〜24時間である。この効果は、特に半導体膜が多孔質構造膜である場合において顕著である。但し、浸漬時間については25℃条件での値であり、温度条件を変化させた場合には、上記の限りではない。
本発明に用いられる電解質について説明する。
本発明に用いられる対向電極について説明する。
本発明の太陽電池について説明する。
市販の酸化チタンペースト(粒径18nm)をフッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)透明導電性ガラス基板へドクターブレード法により塗布した。60℃で10分間加熱してペーストを乾燥させた後、500℃で30分間焼成を行い、厚さ0.9及び5μmの酸化チタン薄膜を得た。
光電変換素子SC−1の作製において、例示化合物D−1を表1中の化合物に変更した以外は同様にして、それぞれ光電変換素子SC−2〜SC−8を得た。
光電変換素子SC−1の作製において、例示化合物D−1を下記R−1及びR−2に変更した以外は同様にして、それぞれ光電変換素子SC−R1及びSC−R2を得た。
得られた光電変換素子SC−1〜SC−8、比較の光電変換素子SC−R1、SC−R2の各々について、下記のように太陽電池として光電変換性能を評価した。
耐久性は、光電変換素子(太陽電池)の初期の変換効率A(組み立て直後の変換効率である)と、太陽光を100時間(合計の照射時間)照射後の変換効率Bとから、下記に式を用いて、耐久性評価を算出した。
前記酸化チタン薄膜が5μmで得られた結果を表1に示す。
フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)透明導電性ガラス基板電極に、アルコキシチタン溶液(松本交商:TA−25/IPA希釈)をスピンコート法にて塗布。室温で30分放置後、450℃で間焼成を行い、短絡防止層とした。続いて、市販の酸化チタンペースト(粒径18nm)を上記基盤へドクターブレード法により塗布した後、60℃で10分間加熱処理後、500℃で30分間焼成を行い、厚さ0.9μmの酸化チタン薄膜を有する半導体電極基盤を得た。
光電変換素子SC−1の作製において、例示化合物D−1を表2中の化合物に変更した以外は同様にして、それぞれ光電変換素子SE−2〜SE−8を得た。
光電変換素子SE−1の作製おいて、例示化合物D−1を前記R−1及びR−2に変更した以外は同様にして、それぞれ光電変換素子SE−R1、SE−R2を得た。
2,7 透明導電膜
3 金属化合物半導体
4 増感色素
5 電解質
6 対向電極
7 透明導電膜
8 Pt
Claims (2)
- 対向電極間に、下記一般式(1b)または一般式(1c)のいずれかの構造を有する化合物を増感色素として含有し、前記増感色素は式中のmの値が異なる複数の一般式(1b)または一般式(1c)で表される化合物を含有するものであることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
〔式中、Ar 1 は2価の置換、無置換の芳香族基、2価の複素環基または下記一般式(3)を示し、Ar 4 は1価の置換又は無置換の芳香族基又は複素環基を示し、R 1 、R 7 は水素原子、置換、無置換のアルキル基、1価の置換、無置換の芳香族基を示し、Aはトリアリールアミン基を含有する2価の基を示し、下記一般式(a)または一般式(b)で表される基を含有する。但し、Ar 4 とR 7 は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。また、複数のA、Ar 1 、R 1 、R 7 は互いに異なっていてもよい。mは0以上の整数を表し、p、qは各々0または1の整数を表す。〕
〔式中、Ar 1 は2価の置換、無置換の芳香族基、2価の複素環基、または下記一般式(3)を示し、R 1 は水素原子、置換、無置換のアルキル基、1価の置換、無置換の芳香族基を示し、Aはトリアリールアミン基を含有する2価の基を示し、下記一般式(a)または一般式(b)で表される基を含有する。Bは1価の置換、無置換のアルキル基、1価の置換、無置換の芳香族基を示す。但し、複数のA、B、R 1 は互いに異なっていてもよい。mは0以上の整数を表し、pは各々0または1の整数を表す。〕
一般式(3)中、Wは単結合、酸素原子、硫黄原子、−CH=CH−、または−C(R4)(R5)−であり、R2、R3、R4、R5は水素原子、アルキル基、または芳香族基である。R2とR3、R4とR5はそれぞれ互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
〔式中Zは、少なくとも一つ以上の酸性基を有し、Cと共に5員環または6員環を形成するのに必要な原子群を表す。Xは電子求引性基を表し、Yは酸性基を表す。Ra,Rbは水素原子または任意の1価の有機基を表す。〕。 - 請求項1に記載の光電変換素子を有することを特徴とする太陽電池。
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