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JP5281341B2 - Electrolytic solution and electric double layer capacitor using the same - Google Patents
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JP5281341B2 - Electrolytic solution and electric double layer capacitor using the same - Google Patents

Electrolytic solution and electric double layer capacitor using the same Download PDF

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JP5281341B2
JP5281341B2 JP2008224229A JP2008224229A JP5281341B2 JP 5281341 B2 JP5281341 B2 JP 5281341B2 JP 2008224229 A JP2008224229 A JP 2008224229A JP 2008224229 A JP2008224229 A JP 2008224229A JP 5281341 B2 JP5281341 B2 JP 5281341B2
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論 堀越
一美 千葉
秀樹 温井
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Meidensha Corp
Japan Carlit Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolyte solution that improves safety even though dimethyl carbonate is contained. <P>SOLUTION: The electrolyte solution contains an electrolyte of spirobipyrrolidinium ammonium salt in mixed solvent of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate. An explosion point of the electrolyte solution is greater than or equal to 70&deg;C. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタに関する。   The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and an electric double layer capacitor using the electrolytic solution.

電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極に電解質中のアニオン、カチオンを正極、負極表面に物理吸着させて電気を蓄えることを原理としている。   The electric double layer capacitor is based on the principle that an anion and a cation in an electrolyte are physically adsorbed on a polarizable electrode on the positive electrode and negative electrode surfaces to store electricity.

バイポーラ型電気二重層キャパシタ(以後、キャパシタと称する)は、活性炭電極(分極性電極)を接着した2枚の集電極の間に、分極基材の両面に接着した活性炭電極と、イオンが通過可能なセパレータとを交互に重ねた積層型である。対向した活性炭電極に挟まれるセパレートの最小単位をセルと呼称する。   A bipolar electric double layer capacitor (hereinafter referred to as a capacitor) allows ions to pass between the two collector electrodes to which the activated carbon electrode (polarizable electrode) is bonded, and the activated carbon electrode bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing substrate. It is a laminated type in which various separators are alternately stacked. The minimum unit of separation between the opposed activated carbon electrodes is called a cell.

積層されたセルの階層にシール機能を有するパッキンが挟み込まれており、キャパシタ内の前記活性炭電極に含浸された電解液を漏れ出さないようにしている。また、このパッキンは、積層されたセル間にて絶縁する機能も有する。   A packing having a sealing function is sandwiched between the layers of the stacked cells so that the electrolyte solution impregnated in the activated carbon electrode in the capacitor does not leak out. The packing also has a function of insulating between the stacked cells.

キャパシタでは、必要な耐電圧分のセル(単セル耐電圧2.5V程度)およびパッキンを積み重ねてなるモジュールの両面からエンドプレートにて挟み込まれ、絶縁体を介してボルトで締め付けられることにより、密閉構造が保たれている。   Capacitors are hermetically sealed by being clamped by end plates from both sides of the module, which is a stack of stacked cells (single cell withstand voltage of about 2.5V) and packing, and tightened with bolts through an insulator. The structure is maintained.

前記キャパシタを積層してなる積層型キャパシタユニットは、各キャパシタの前記集電極の端面にリード線が取り付けられ、各キャパシタがユニット内にて直列に接続されて、(単セル耐電圧)×(積層数)だけの耐電圧を持たされている。この積層型キャパシタユニットは、一般的な巻取り方式を用いた同一容量のキャパシタと比較してケーブル等を必要とせず、コンパクトに耐電圧を高く設計できるため設置面積を小さくすることができる。   In the multilayer capacitor unit formed by stacking the capacitors, a lead wire is attached to the end face of the collector electrode of each capacitor, and each capacitor is connected in series within the unit, (single cell withstand voltage) × (multilayer) Only withstand voltage). This multilayer capacitor unit does not require a cable or the like as compared with a capacitor of the same capacity using a general winding method, and can be designed to be compact and have a high withstand voltage, so the installation area can be reduced.

前述したキャパシタは、前記活性炭電極、前記セパレータ、前記集電極、および前記パッキン等が交互に積み重ねられ、各セル間がシールされた後に、その内部に電解液が導入されて、活性炭電極、およびセパレータに電解液を含浸させることで製造されている。前記キャパシタの一箇所に設けられた電解液導入口に前記電解液が導入されて、前記導入口、各セルを仕切る分極基材の穴を介して全てのセル内に行き渡せられている。   In the capacitor described above, the activated carbon electrode, the separator, the collector electrode, the packing, and the like are alternately stacked, and after each cell is sealed, an electrolytic solution is introduced into the interior of the capacitor. It is manufactured by impregnating with electrolyte solution. The electrolytic solution is introduced into an electrolytic solution introduction port provided in one place of the capacitor, and is distributed in all the cells through the introduction port and a hole of a polarization base material that partitions each cell.

特開2006−351915号公報JP 2006-351915 A

前記電解液として、電解質塩にスピロビピロリジニウム(SBP−BF4)アンモニウム塩を用い、溶媒にプロピレンカーボネート(以下、PCと称する)とエチレンカーボネート(以下、ECと称する)とジメチルカーボネート(以下、DMCと称する)の3種類を混合したものを用いている。前記電解質塩は、一般に幅広く用いられており、キャパシタ用電解質塩としては標準的なものである。前記溶媒の中でDMCは低沸点溶媒と呼ばれ、沸点が96℃と低く、その液粘度もPCやECと比較して極めて低いといった特徴がある。本溶媒を使用することで電解液の粘度も低減し電導度は格段に向上し、キャパシタの内部抵抗も低減することが可能である。 As the electrolytic solution, spirobipyrrolidinium (SBP-BF 4 ) ammonium salt is used as an electrolyte salt, and propylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as PC), ethylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as EC) and dimethyl carbonate (hereinafter referred to as EC) as solvents. , Referred to as DMC). The electrolyte salt is generally used widely and is a standard electrolyte salt for capacitors. Among the above solvents, DMC is called a low boiling point solvent and has a feature that its boiling point is as low as 96 ° C. and its liquid viscosity is extremely low as compared with PC and EC. By using this solvent, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be reduced, the electrical conductivity can be significantly improved, and the internal resistance of the capacitor can also be reduced.

しかし、DMC単体は日本の消防法で定められる危険物区分の第4類第一石油類(1気圧で、引火点が21℃未満のもの)に該当し非常に引火性が強い物質である。DMCを数%程度混合させた電解液は危険物区分の第4類第二石油類(1気圧で、引火点が21℃以上70℃未満のもの)に該当し、DMCの混合量が80%を超えた電解液は危険物区分の第4類第一石油類に該当する。   However, DMC alone is a highly flammable substance that falls under Class 4 No. 1 petroleum (having a flash point of less than 21 ° C at 1 atm) as defined by the Japanese Fire Service Act. Electrolyte mixed with several percent of DMC falls under the category of hazardous materials, Class 4 Petroleum (1 atm, with a flash point of 21 ° C or higher and lower than 70 ° C), and the amount of DMC mixed is 80%. Electrolyte exceeding the above level is classified as Class 4 No. 1 petroleum in the dangerous goods category.

高沸点溶媒であるPCおよびECは、危険物区分の第4類第三石油類(1気圧で、温度20℃で液体であって、引火点が70℃以上200℃未満のもの)に該当する。一般的なキャパシタでは、PC単体またはPCとECの混合溶媒で使用されている。また、キャパシタが高温環境にて用いられる場合や安全性を重視する環境にて用いられる場合、または電解液を大量に保管する場合、電解液が1気圧での引火点が70℃以上である危険物区分の第4類第三石油類に該当することが望ましい。   PC and EC, which are high-boiling solvents, fall under the category of hazardous substances, Class 4 petroleum (1 atm, liquid at a temperature of 20 ° C, and flash point of 70 ° C to less than 200 ° C). . In general capacitors, PC is used alone or in a mixed solvent of PC and EC. In addition, when the capacitor is used in a high temperature environment, in an environment where safety is important, or when storing a large amount of electrolyte, there is a risk that the flash point of the electrolyte is 70 ° C. or higher at 1 atm. It is desirable to fall under Class 4 petroleum category 3.

しかし、PC、EC溶媒では電解液の電導度を高くすることができずキャパシタの内部抵抗が高くなってしまう。   However, with PC and EC solvents, the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be increased and the internal resistance of the capacitor is increased.

さらには環境問題などから電気自動車が注目を集めており、エネルギー密度が高く、かつ密閉型でメンテナンスフリーの非水電解液二次電池、例えば電気二重層キャパシタを電気自動車に用いることが提案されている。しかし、一般に低粘度溶媒は引火点が低いため発火してしまうおそれがある。特に電気自動車用の大型電池では放熱が少ないため、過充電や短絡時に電池内部の温度の上昇が大きく、電池の不具合を発生させてしまう可能性がある。   Furthermore, electric vehicles are attracting attention due to environmental problems, and it has been proposed to use non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries with high energy density and maintenance-free, such as electric double layer capacitors, for electric vehicles. Yes. However, in general, a low-viscosity solvent has a low flash point and may ignite. In particular, large batteries for electric vehicles have little heat dissipation, so the temperature inside the battery increases greatly during overcharging or short-circuiting, which may cause battery malfunction.

そこで、本発明は、前述した問題に鑑み提案されたもので、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させた電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electrolytic solution having improved safety despite containing dimethyl carbonate and an electric double layer capacitor using the same. To do.

前述した課題を解決する第1の発明に係る電解液は、
プロピレンカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの混合溶媒にスピロビピロリジニウムアンモニウム塩の電解質を含有し、その引火点が70℃以上であり、
前記混合溶媒における前記プロピレンカーボネートと前記エチレンカーボネートと前記ジメチルカーボネートの重量比は、60:35〜37:5〜3である
ことを特徴とする。
The electrolytic solution according to the first invention for solving the above-described problem is:
It contains an electrolyte of spirobipyrrolidinium ammonium salt in a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and its flash point is 70 ° C. or higher.
The weight ratio of the propylene carbonate, the ethylene carbonate, and the dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent is 60: 35-37: 5-3 .

前述した課題を解決する第の発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタは、
第1の発明に係る電解液を用いて作製されてなる
ことを特徴とする。
The electric double layer capacitor according to the second invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is as follows:
Characterized by comprising been produced using the electrolytic solution according to the first inventions.

本発明に係る電解液によれば、混合溶媒におけるプロピレンカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの重量比が、60:35〜37:5〜3であることにより、引火点が70℃以上となり、引火点が検討されていない従来のジメチルカーボネートを大量に含有する電解液の場合と比べて、引火点が高くなる。よって、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させることができる。この電解液を用いて作製されてなる電気二重層キャパシタにあっては低温特性を損なわずに内部抵抗を低減することができる。混合溶媒におけるプロピレンカーボネートの重量比が60であることにより、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させることができる上に、マイナス30℃以上で凝固しないため、この電解液を用いて作製されてなる電気二重層キャパシタの汎用性が向上する。 According to the electrolytic solution according to the present invention, the weight ratio of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent is 60:35 to 37: 5 to 3, so that the flash point becomes 70 ° C. or higher, and the flash point. Compared to the case of a conventional electrolytic solution containing a large amount of dimethyl carbonate for which no consideration has been made, the flash point becomes higher. Therefore, safety can be improved despite containing dimethyl carbonate. In an electric double layer capacitor manufactured using this electrolytic solution, the internal resistance can be reduced without impairing the low temperature characteristics. When the weight ratio of propylene carbonate in the mixed solvent is 60, safety can be improved despite containing dimethyl carbonate, and it does not solidify at minus 30 ° C. or higher. The versatility of the manufactured electric double layer capacitor is improved.

本発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタによれば、引火点が70℃以上であり、引火点が検討されていない従来のジメチルカーボネートを含有する電解液を用いて作製されてなる電気二重層キャパシタの場合と比べて、引火点が高くなる。よって、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させることができる。その結果、電気二重層キャパシタの汎用性が向上する。   In the case of the electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention, the flash point is 70 ° C. or higher, and the electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the conventional electrolyte containing dimethyl carbonate whose flash point has not been studied. The flash point is higher than Therefore, safety can be improved despite containing dimethyl carbonate. As a result, the versatility of the electric double layer capacitor is improved.

本発明に係る電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタを実施するための最良の形態について図面を参照して具体的に説明する。   The best mode for carrying out an electrolytic solution according to the present invention and an electric double layer capacitor using the same will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[第一の実施形態]
本発明に係る電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタの一実施形態につき図1〜3を参照して説明する。
図1は、電気二重層キャパシタの構成を示す断面図である。図2は、試験体1,2および比較試験体1,2の電気二重層キャパシタの特性評価結果(静電容量および内部抵抗)を示すグラフである。図3は、電解液の溶媒におけるジメチルカーボネートの混合割合と抵抗変化率との関係を示すグラフである。
[First embodiment]
One embodiment of an electrolytic solution according to the present invention and an electric double layer capacitor using the same will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an electric double layer capacitor. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the characteristic evaluation results (capacitance and internal resistance) of the electric double layer capacitors of the test bodies 1 and 2 and the comparative test bodies 1 and 2. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of dimethyl carbonate and the resistance change rate in the solvent of the electrolytic solution.

本実施形態に係る電気二重層キャパシタ1は、図1に示すように、セル6を有する。セル6はセパレータ2と、このセパレータ2の両側にそれぞれ配設された一対の分極性電極3A,3Bと、これら一対の分極性電極3A,3Bの両側にそれぞれ配設された一対の集電極4A,4Bとを有してなるものである。ただし、集電極4A,4Bにおける分極性電極3A,3B側には、導電性材料5A,5Bがそれぞれ塗布される。   The electric double layer capacitor 1 according to the present embodiment has a cell 6 as shown in FIG. The cell 6 includes a separator 2, a pair of polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B disposed on both sides of the separator 2, and a pair of collector electrodes 4A disposed on both sides of the pair of polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B, respectively. , 4B. However, conductive materials 5A and 5B are applied to the polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B side of the collecting electrodes 4A and 4B, respectively.

集電極4A,4Bの両側にはそれぞれ、一対の押え板8A,8Bが配設される。また、これら押え板8A,8Bの周縁部の間には、電解液7のシール材としてのパッキン9が介設される。パッキン9は分極性電極3A,3Bおよびセパレータ2の外周を囲んでいる。   A pair of pressing plates 8A and 8B are disposed on both sides of the collecting electrodes 4A and 4B, respectively. Further, a packing 9 as a sealing material for the electrolytic solution 7 is interposed between the peripheral portions of the pressing plates 8A and 8B. The packing 9 surrounds the polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B and the outer periphery of the separator 2.

パッキン9が介設された状態で押え板8A,8Bの周縁部はネジ(図示せず)によって締め付けられる。このため、電解液7がセル内に密封され、且つ、セル6を構成するセパレータ2、分極性電極3A,3Bおよび集電極4A,4Bが押え板8A,8Bによって両側から押え付けられる。また、かかるキャパシタ本体10はアルミラミネートフィルム11によって包まれることにより、外気から遮断される。集電極4A,4Bにはそれぞれ一対の導線(出力端子)12A,12Bの基端側が接続されており、これらの導線12A,12Bの先端側はアルミラミネートフィルム11の外に出ている。   In the state where the packing 9 is interposed, the peripheral portions of the pressing plates 8A and 8B are tightened by screws (not shown). For this reason, the electrolyte solution 7 is sealed in the cell, and the separator 2, the polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B, and the collecting electrodes 4A and 4B constituting the cell 6 are pressed from both sides by the pressing plates 8A and 8B. Further, the capacitor body 10 is shielded from outside air by being wrapped by the aluminum laminate film 11. The collector electrodes 4A and 4B are connected to the base end sides of a pair of conducting wires (output terminals) 12A and 12B, respectively, and the leading ends of these conducting wires 12A and 12B are out of the aluminum laminate film 11.

なお、上述したネジと集電極4A,4Bの間や、出力端子12A,12Bとアルミラミネートフィルム11との間は図示しない絶縁材によって電気的に絶縁される。また、セパレータ2、分極性電極3A,3B、集電極4A,4Bおよび押え板8A,8Bは矩形状のものであり、パッキン9はエチレンブタジエンゴムの薄膜シートを額縁状に切り抜いたものを使用している。   It should be noted that the above-described screws and the collector electrodes 4A and 4B and the output terminals 12A and 12B and the aluminum laminate film 11 are electrically insulated by an insulating material (not shown). The separator 2, the polarizable electrodes 3A and 3B, the collector electrodes 4A and 4B, and the holding plates 8A and 8B are rectangular, and the packing 9 is a thin film sheet of ethylene butadiene rubber cut out in a frame shape. ing.

セパレータ2としてはセルロースセパレータなど適宜のものが用いられ、例えばセルロース繊維などからなる不織布などが用いられる。集電極4A,4Bとしては、例えばアルミニウム箔が用いられる。   As the separator 2, a suitable one such as a cellulose separator is used, and for example, a nonwoven fabric made of cellulose fiber or the like is used. As the collecting electrodes 4A and 4B, for example, an aluminum foil is used.

そして、本実施形態に係る電気二重層キャパタ1では、セル6の内部が電解液7で満たされており、この電解液7は分極性電極3A,3Bやセパレータ2に浸透している。   In the electric double layer capacitor 1 according to this embodiment, the inside of the cell 6 is filled with the electrolytic solution 7, and the electrolytic solution 7 penetrates into the polarizable electrodes 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B and the separator 2.

この電解液7は、日本の消防法で定められている危険物区分の第4類第三石油類(1気圧で、温度20℃で液体であって、引火点が70℃以上200℃未満のもの)に該当し、かつ可能な限り電導度を上げキャパシタの内部抵抗を低減させる溶媒の混合比となっている。   This electrolyte 7 is a Class 4 third petroleum (Class 1 petroleum at 1 atm and a temperature of 20 ° C. and has a flash point of 70 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C. The mixing ratio of the solvent increases the conductivity as much as possible and reduces the internal resistance of the capacitor.

すなわち、電解液7は、プロピレンカーボネート(以下、PCと称する)とエチレンカーボネート(以下、ECと称する)とジメチルカーボネート(以下、DMCと称する)の3種類を混合した混合溶媒にスピロビピロリジニウム(SBP−BF4)アンモニウム塩の電解質を含有し、電解液7の引火点が70℃以上となっているものである。電解液の引火点が70℃よりも低くなると、その電解液は危険物区分の第4類第二石油類に該当する。そのため、70℃よりも低い温度にて電解液が引火や発火してしまう可能性があるため安全性が低下してしまい、不都合である。また、危険物区分の第4類第二石油類に該当する電解液は、危険物区分の第4類第三石油類に該当する場合と比べて大量に保管することができず、取扱性が悪く、不都合である。よって、引火点が検討されていない従来のジメチルカーボネートを含有する電解液の場合と比べて、引火点が高くなる。その結果、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させることができる。また、電解液の引火点が70℃以上であることにより、この電解液を用いて作製してなる電気二重層キャパシタを70℃未満の高温環境、例えば、車両に搭載して利用することが可能となり、その汎用性を向上させることができる。 That is, the electrolyte solution 7 is spirobipyrrolidinium in a mixed solvent in which three types of propylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as PC), ethylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as EC), and dimethyl carbonate (hereinafter referred to as DMC) are mixed. It contains an electrolyte of (SBP-BF 4 ) ammonium salt, and the flash point of the electrolytic solution 7 is 70 ° C. or higher. When the flash point of the electrolytic solution becomes lower than 70 ° C., the electrolytic solution falls under Class 4 and Type 2 petroleum of the dangerous goods category. For this reason, there is a possibility that the electrolyte solution may ignite or ignite at a temperature lower than 70 ° C., which is inconvenient because safety is lowered. In addition, electrolytes that fall under Class 4 second petroleums in the dangerous goods category cannot be stored in large quantities compared to those that fall under Class 4 third petroleums in the dangerous goods category, and handling is easier. Bad and inconvenient. Therefore, the flash point becomes higher compared to the case of the conventional electrolyte containing dimethyl carbonate whose flash point has not been studied. As a result, safety can be improved despite containing dimethyl carbonate. In addition, since the flash point of the electrolytic solution is 70 ° C. or higher, the electric double layer capacitor produced using this electrolytic solution can be used in a high-temperature environment of less than 70 ° C., for example, in a vehicle. Thus, the versatility can be improved.

好適には、電解液7の混合溶媒におけるDMCの混合割合を3重量%以上5重量%以下とする。このDMCの混合割合が3重量%より低くなると、DMCを含有する効果が小さく、不都合である。他方、DMCの混合割合が5重量%を超えると、その引火点が70℃より低くなり、この電解液が危険物区分の第4類第二石油類に該当してしまう。その結果、70℃よりも低い温度にて電解液が引火や発火してしまう可能性があるため安全性が低下してしまい、不都合である。よって、このようにDMCの混合割合を3重量%以上5重量%以下にすることで、電解液7の混合溶媒にDMCを含有することによる効果を発現させつつ、電解液7を危険物区分の第4類第三石油類に該当させることができる。よって、電解液7の引火点が70℃以上となり、引火点が検討されていない従来のジメチルカーボネートを含有する電解液の場合と比べて、引火点が高くなる。よって、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させることができる。   Preferably, the mixing ratio of DMC in the mixed solvent of the electrolyte solution 7 is 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less. When the mixing ratio of DMC is lower than 3% by weight, the effect of containing DMC is small and disadvantageous. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of DMC exceeds 5% by weight, its flash point becomes lower than 70 ° C., and this electrolytic solution falls under Class 4 second petroleum of the hazardous material category. As a result, the electrolyte solution may ignite or ignite at a temperature lower than 70 ° C., so that the safety is lowered, which is inconvenient. Therefore, by making the mixing ratio of DMC 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less in this way, the electrolyte solution 7 is classified into the dangerous goods category while exhibiting the effect of containing DMC in the mixed solvent of the electrolyte solution 7. Can be classified as Class 4 and 3 Petroleum. Therefore, the flash point of the electrolyte solution 7 is 70 ° C. or higher, and the flash point is higher than that in the case of the conventional electrolyte solution containing dimethyl carbonate whose flash point has not been studied. Therefore, safety can be improved despite containing dimethyl carbonate.

さらに好適には、電解液7の混合溶媒におけるPCの混合割合を60重量%以上とする。このPCの混合割合が60重量%より低くなると、電解液がマイナス30℃程度で凝固してしまい、この電解液を用いて作製してなる電気二重層キャパシタの汎用性を低下させてしまい、不都合である。よって、このようにPCの混合割合を60重量%以上とすることで、マイナス30℃でも電解液7が凝固しないという効果を発現させることができる。   More preferably, the mixing ratio of PC in the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution 7 is set to 60% by weight or more. When the mixing ratio of the PC is lower than 60% by weight, the electrolytic solution is solidified at about −30 ° C., and the versatility of the electric double layer capacitor produced using this electrolytic solution is lowered. It is. Therefore, by setting the mixing ratio of PC to 60% by weight or more in this way, an effect that the electrolytic solution 7 does not solidify even at minus 30 ° C. can be exhibited.

さらに好適には、PCとECとDMCの混合割合を60:35〜37:5〜3とする。このようにDMCの混合割合を5〜3%に抑えることで、電解液7が危険物区分の第4類第三石油類にとどまる。これ以上混合割合を大きくすると引火点が70℃未満となり危険物区分の第4類第二石油類となってしまう。   More preferably, the mixing ratio of PC, EC, and DMC is 60:35 to 37: 5-3. In this way, by limiting the mixing ratio of DMC to 5 to 3%, the electrolyte solution 7 remains in the fourth class and third petroleum class of the dangerous goods category. If the mixing ratio is increased further, the flash point will be less than 70 ° C., and it will become the fourth class second petroleum class in the dangerous goods category.

よって、このようなDMCの混合割合とすることで電導度はDMCを混合させないときと比較して5〜10%増加し、この混合溶媒を含む電解液7を用いて作製してなる電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗を5%程度低減させることが可能となる。さらに、このような混合割合としたことでマイナス30℃まで電解液7が凝固しないため、この電解液7を用いて作製してなる電気二重層キャパシタを一般的な用途、例えば、電子機器や電源設備などの周囲環境が低温である場合であっても使用することができ、汎用性を向上させることができる。なお、電解質塩濃度は1.3mol/L〜1.6mol/Lに設定したときキャパシタの抵抗が最も低くなり好適である。   Therefore, by setting the mixing ratio of DMC as described above, the electric conductivity is increased by 5 to 10% compared to the case where DMC is not mixed, and the electric double layer formed using the electrolytic solution 7 containing this mixed solvent. It becomes possible to reduce the internal resistance of the capacitor by about 5%. Furthermore, since the electrolyte solution 7 does not solidify to minus 30 ° C. because of such a mixing ratio, an electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the electrolyte solution 7 is used for general purposes such as electronic devices and power supplies. Even if the surrounding environment such as equipment is low temperature, it can be used, and versatility can be improved. In addition, when the electrolyte salt concentration is set to 1.3 mol / L to 1.6 mol / L, the resistance of the capacitor is the lowest, which is preferable.

以下に、本発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタの第1の実施例について具体的に説明する。
本実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタに用いられる電解液では、その電解質塩としてスピロビピロリジニウム(SBP−BF4)アンモニウム塩が用いられ、その溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)の3種類の溶媒の重量比(混合割合)を60:37:3にて混合した混合溶媒が用いられる。なお、電極として賦活活性炭をPTFEバインダで成形したシート状電極を用いると共に、セパレータとしてセルロース紙を用い、積層型電気二重層キャパシタを組み立てその内部に当該電解液を注入して電気二重層キャパシタ(試験体(No.1))を得た。
The first embodiment of the electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention will be specifically described below.
In the electrolytic solution used in the electric double layer capacitor according to this example, spirobipyrrolidinium (SBP-BF 4 ) ammonium salt is used as the electrolyte salt, and propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) as the solvent. ) And dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are used in a mixed solvent in which the weight ratio (mixing ratio) of the three solvents is 60: 37: 3. In addition, while using the sheet-like electrode which shape | molded activated activated carbon with the PTFE binder as an electrode, using the cellulose paper as a separator, a multilayer type electric double layer capacitor was assembled, the said electrolyte solution was inject | poured in the inside, and an electric double layer capacitor (test Body (No. 1)) was obtained.

以下に、本発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタの第2の実施例について具体的に説明する。
本実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタは、上述した第1の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、電解液の混合溶媒における混合割合を変更したものであり、それ以外はこの電気二重層キャパシタと同一である。
The second embodiment of the electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention will be specifically described below.
The electric double layer capacitor according to the present embodiment is the same as the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment described above, except that the mixing ratio in the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution is changed. Are the same.

本実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタで用いられる電解液では、溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)の3種類の溶媒の重量比(混合割合)を60:35:5にて混合した混合溶媒が用いられる。この電解液を上述した積層型電気二重層キャパシタの内部に注入して電気二重層キャパシタ(試験体(No.2))を得た。   In the electrolytic solution used in the electric double layer capacitor according to this example, the weight ratio (mixing ratio) of three types of solvents, propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), is set to 60: A mixed solvent mixed at 35: 5 is used. This electrolytic solution was injected into the multilayer electric double layer capacitor described above to obtain an electric double layer capacitor (test body (No. 2)).

[比較例1]
以下に、比較例1の電気二重層キャパシタについて、具体的に説明する。
比較例1の電気二重層キャパシは、上述した第1の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、電解液の溶媒を変更したものであり、それ以外はこの電気二重層キャパシタと同一である。
[Comparative Example 1]
The electric double layer capacitor of Comparative Example 1 will be specifically described below.
The electric double layer capacitor of Comparative Example 1 is the same as the electric double layer capacitor except that the solvent of the electrolytic solution is changed in the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment described above.

比較例1の電気二重層キャパシで用いられる電解液では、溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)の2種類の溶媒の重量比(混合比)を60:40にて混合した混合溶媒が用いられる。この電解液を上述した積層型電気二重層キャパシタの内部に注入して電気二重層キャパシタ(比較試験体(No.1))を得た。   In the electrolytic solution used in the electric double layer capacity of Comparative Example 1, a mixed solvent in which a weight ratio (mixing ratio) of two kinds of solvents, propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC), was mixed as a solvent at 60:40. Is used. This electrolytic solution was injected into the multilayer electric double layer capacitor described above to obtain an electric double layer capacitor (comparative test body (No. 1)).

[比較例2]
以下に、比較例2の電気二重層キャパシタについて、具体的に説明する。
比較例2の電気二重層キャパシは、上述した第1の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、電解液の混合溶媒の混合割合を変更したものであり、それ以外はこの電気二重層キャパシタと同一である。
[Comparative Example 2]
The electric double layer capacitor of Comparative Example 2 will be specifically described below.
The electric double layer capacity of Comparative Example 2 is the same as the electric double layer capacitor except that the mixing ratio of the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution is changed in the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment described above. It is.

比較例2の電気二重層キャパシで用いられる電解液では、溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)の3種類の溶媒の重量比(混合割合)を60:32:8にて混合した混合溶媒が用いられる。この電解液を上述した積層型電気二重層キャパシタの内部に注入して電気二重層キャパシタ(比較試験体(No.2))を得た。   In the electrolytic solution used in the electric double layer capacity of Comparative Example 2, the weight ratio (mixing ratio) of three solvents of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a solvent was 60:32. : A mixed solvent mixed at 8 is used. This electrolytic solution was injected into the multilayer electric double layer capacitor described above to obtain an electric double layer capacitor (comparative test body (No. 2)).

[電気二重層キャパシタの性能評価試験]
上記試験体(No.1、No.2)および比較試験体(No.1、No.2)について、静電容量および内部抵抗をそれぞれ測定した。
[Performance evaluation test of electric double layer capacitor]
About the said test body (No.1, No.2) and a comparative test body (No.1, No.2), the electrostatic capacitance and the internal resistance were measured, respectively.

上記測定結果を図2、図3および表1に示す。
図2において、縦軸に静電容量(F)および内部抵抗(Ω)を示す。白抜き太線は静電容量を示し、ドット付き太線は内部抵抗を示す。図3において、横軸に電解液の混合溶媒におけるジメチルカーボネートの混合割合(Wt%)を示し、縦軸に抵抗変化率(%)を示す。
The measurement results are shown in FIGS.
In FIG. 2, the vertical axis indicates the capacitance (F) and the internal resistance (Ω). The open bold line indicates the capacitance, and the thick dotted line indicates the internal resistance. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the mixing ratio (Wt%) of dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution, and the vertical axis represents the resistance change rate (%).

Figure 0005281341
Figure 0005281341

図2および表1に示すように、試験体(No.1)では、静電容量が1.81Fとなり、内部抵抗が1.57Ωとなった。試験体(No.2)では、静電容量が1.81Fとなり、内部抵抗が1.55Ωとなった。比較試験体(No.1)では、静電容量が1.76Fとなり、内部抵抗が1.67Ωとなった。比較試験体(No.2)では、静電容量が1.81Fとなり、内部抵抗が1.52Ωとなった。   As shown in FIG. 2 and Table 1, in the test body (No. 1), the capacitance was 1.81F, and the internal resistance was 1.57Ω. In the test body (No. 2), the capacitance was 1.81F, and the internal resistance was 1.55Ω. In the comparative specimen (No. 1), the capacitance was 1.76 F, and the internal resistance was 1.67Ω. In the comparative specimen (No. 2), the capacitance was 1.81F, and the internal resistance was 1.52Ω.

よって、試験体(No.1)では、比較試験体(No.1)に対して、抵抗比が−6.1%となり、容量比が+3.0%となることが分かった。試験体(No.2)では、比較試験体(No.1)に対して、抵抗比が−7.5%となり、容量比が+2.7%となることが分かった。すなわち、電解液の混合溶媒におけるジメチルカーボネートの混合割合を3重量%から5重量%とすることで、このような混合割合のジメチルカーボネートを含有する電解液を内部に注入した電気二重層キャパシタは、プロピレンカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートを含有する一方、ジメチルカーボネートを含有しない電解液を内部に注入した電気二重層キャパシタと比べて内部抵抗が小さくなり、静電容量が増加することが分かった。   Therefore, in the test body (No. 1), it was found that the resistance ratio was -6.1% and the capacity ratio was + 3.0% with respect to the comparative test body (No. 1). In the test body (No. 2), it was found that the resistance ratio was −7.5% and the capacity ratio was + 2.7% relative to the comparative test body (No. 1). That is, by setting the mixing ratio of dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution to 3 wt% to 5 wt%, the electric double layer capacitor in which the electrolytic solution containing dimethyl carbonate of such a mixing ratio is injected into the inside, It has been found that the internal resistance is reduced and the capacitance is increased as compared with an electric double layer capacitor containing propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate but not containing dimethyl carbonate.

ここで、図3に示すように、電解液の混合溶媒におけるジメチルカーボネートの混合割合が5重量%を超える領域A1では、危険物区分の第4類第二石油類に該当し、そのジメチルカーボネートの混合割合が5重量%以下の領域A2では危険物区分の第4類第三石油類に該当する。よって、ジメチルカーボネートの混合割合を5重量%以下にすることで、電解液を危険物区分の第4類第三石油類に該当させて、電解液の引火点を70℃以上に引き上げ、その安全性を向上させることができる。よって、このような混合割合のジメチルカーボネートを含む電解液を内部に注入した電気二重層キャパシタを常温よりも高い温度(高温)の環境、例えば車両に搭載して利用することが可能となり、その汎用性を向上させることができる。   Here, as shown in FIG. 3, in the region A1 where the mixing ratio of dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent of the electrolytic solution exceeds 5% by weight, it corresponds to the class 4 second petroleum of the dangerous goods category, and the dimethyl carbonate In the area A2 where the mixing ratio is 5% by weight or less, it corresponds to the fourth class and third class petroleum of the dangerous goods category. Therefore, by setting the mixing ratio of dimethyl carbonate to 5% by weight or less, the electrolytic solution is classified as a Class 4 third petroleum in the hazardous material category, and the flash point of the electrolytic solution is raised to 70 ° C. or higher. Can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to use an electric double layer capacitor in which an electrolytic solution containing dimethyl carbonate in such a mixing ratio is injected and installed in an environment higher than room temperature (high temperature), for example, a vehicle. Can be improved.

本発明は、電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタに利用することが可能であり、ジメチルカーボネートを含有するにも関わらず安全性を向上させる電解液およびそれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタに広く利用可能である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for an electrolytic solution and an electric double layer capacitor using the electrolytic solution, and to an electrolytic solution for improving safety despite containing dimethyl carbonate and an electric double layer capacitor using the electrolytic solution. Widely available.

本発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタの一実施形態の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the electric double layer capacitor which concerns on this invention. 試験体1,2および比較試験体1,2の電気二重層キャパシタの評価特性(静電容量、内部抵抗)を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the evaluation characteristics (electrostatic capacity, internal resistance) of the electric double layer capacitor of the test bodies 1 and 2 and the comparative test bodies 1 and 2. 電解液の溶媒におけるジメチルカーボネートの混合割合と抵抗変化率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the mixing rate of the dimethyl carbonate in the solvent of electrolyte solution, and resistance change rate.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 電気二重層キャパシタ
2 セパレータ
3A,3B 分極性電極
4A,4B 集電極
5A,5B 導電性材料
6 セル
7 電解液
8A,8B 押え板
9 パッキン
11 アルミラミネートフィルム
12A,12B 出力端子
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric double layer capacitor 2 Separator 3A, 3B Polarization electrode 4A, 4B Collector electrode 5A, 5B Conductive material 6 Cell 7 Electrolytic solution 8A, 8B Holding plate 9 Packing 11 Aluminum laminate film 12A, 12B Output terminal

Claims (2)

プロピレンカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの混合溶媒にスピロビピロリジニウムアンモニウム塩の電解質を含有し、その引火点が70℃以上であり、
前記混合溶媒における前記プロピレンカーボネートと前記エチレンカーボネートと前記ジメチルカーボネートの重量比は、60:35〜37:5〜3である
ことを特徴とする電解液。
It contains an electrolyte of spirobipyrrolidinium ammonium salt in a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and its flash point is 70 ° C. or higher.
The electrolyte solution , wherein a weight ratio of the propylene carbonate, the ethylene carbonate, and the dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent is 60: 35-37: 5-3 .
請求項1に記載の電解液を用いて作製されてなる
ことを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。
An electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the electrolytic solution according to claim 1 .
JP2008224229A 2008-09-02 2008-09-02 Electrolytic solution and electric double layer capacitor using the same Expired - Fee Related JP5281341B2 (en)

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