JP5289990B2 - Method for modifying the surface of a round shaft and reformer used therefor - Google Patents
Method for modifying the surface of a round shaft and reformer used therefor Download PDFInfo
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- JP5289990B2 JP5289990B2 JP2009016838A JP2009016838A JP5289990B2 JP 5289990 B2 JP5289990 B2 JP 5289990B2 JP 2009016838 A JP2009016838 A JP 2009016838A JP 2009016838 A JP2009016838 A JP 2009016838A JP 5289990 B2 JP5289990 B2 JP 5289990B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Description
本発明は、軸受等に適した丸軸表面の改質方法及びこれに用いる改質装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for modifying a surface of a round shaft suitable for a bearing or the like and a reforming apparatus used therefor.
相手材に対して高速で摺動し、相手材との間に大きな摩擦力が発生する部材では、アルミニウム合金、鉄鋼材等より成る基材の表面に硬質薄膜を形成して耐摩耗性を高めるのが一般的である。
基材に硬質薄膜を形成する方法として、例えば、外側構造体の円形内面に機能材料よりなる内側パイプを挿入セットし、円盤状の回転加圧工具を内側パイプの内面に回転及び加圧下に押付けながら軸方向に進行させ、内側パイプを摩擦発熱により加熱軟化させて、外側構造体の円形内面に機能材料より成る膜を形成する方法が知られている（特許文献１参照）。
And sliding at high speed against the mating member, the member a large frictional force is generated between the mating material, aluminum alloy, enhances the wear resistance by forming a hard film on the surface of the base material made of steel material or the like It is common.
As a method of forming a hard thin film on the substrate, for example, an inner pipe made of a functional material is inserted and set on the circular inner surface of the outer structure, and a disk-shaped rotary pressurizing tool is pressed against the inner surface of the inner pipe while rotating and under pressure However, a method is known in which a film made of a functional material is formed on a circular inner surface of an outer structure by advancing in the axial direction and heating and softening the inner pipe by frictional heat generation (see Patent Document 1).
しかし、この方法では、高い摩擦熱によって機能材料を軟化させるので、構造体が熱の影響で変形する虞があるばかりか、回転加圧工具により高荷重を加えるので、高熱と高荷重に耐えられる特殊な工具及び装置が必要である。また、この方法では、軸受ピンのような丸軸の表面に薄膜を形成することができない。
特許文献２及び特許文献３には、鉄鋼材、アルミニウム材等より成る基材の表面に、アーク式イオンプレーティング法により硬質薄膜を形成する技術が記載されている。
しかし、アーク式イオンプレーティング法を行なうには、真空発生装置、複数の処理室等を備えた大掛かりな装置が必要でコストが高くつき、しかも、非常な高熱が発生するので基材が熱の影響を受けざるを得ない。
However, in this method, the functional material is softened by high frictional heat, so that the structure may be deformed by the influence of heat, and a high load is applied by a rotary pressurizing tool, so that it can withstand high heat and high load. Special tools and equipment are required. Also, with this method, a thin film cannot be formed on the surface of a round shaft such as a bearing pin.
Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 describe a technique of forming a hard thin film on the surface of a base material made of steel, aluminum, or the like by an arc ion plating method.
However, in order to perform the arc type ion plating method, a large-scale apparatus including a vacuum generator and a plurality of processing chambers is required, which is expensive and generates extremely high heat. I have to be affected.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、丸軸の表面硬度が増して耐摩耗性が向上し、しかも、発熱量が少ないため丸軸の歪や変形が抑制され、高熱・高荷重に耐えられる特殊な工具や装置を必要としない丸軸表面の改質方法及びこれに用いる改質装置を提供することにある。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the surface hardness of the round shaft is increased and the wear resistance is improved. Further, since the calorific value is small, distortion and deformation of the round shaft are suppressed, and a special ability to withstand high heat and high load. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for modifying the surface of a round shaft that does not require a special tool or device, and a modification device used therefor.
本発明の丸軸表面の改質方法は、丸軸を回転させ、外周面に螺旋溝を形成した工具の平坦な又は円錐状をした先端面を、前記丸軸の外周面に線又は点接触させ、該工具を回転させながら、前記丸軸と工具とを丸軸の軸方向に相対移動させ、前記工具の回転に伴って、前記丸軸よりも硬い微細な硬質粉末を前記丸軸と工具との接触部分へ送り込むことにより、前記丸軸の表面に前記硬質粉末を埋め込むことを特徴とする構成を有する。
前記工具に対して前記丸軸をその軸方向に複数回往復させると良い。
The method for modifying the surface of the round shaft according to the present invention is such that a flat or conical tip surface of a tool in which a round shaft is rotated to form a spiral groove on the outer peripheral surface is in line contact or point contact with the outer peripheral surface of the round shaft. While rotating the tool, the round shaft and the tool are relatively moved in the axial direction of the round shaft, and fine hard powder harder than the round shaft is rotated along with the rotation of the tool. The hard powder is embedded in the surface of the round shaft by being fed into the contact portion.
The round shaft may be reciprocated a plurality of times in the axial direction with respect to the tool.
前記硬質粉末は、金属粉末、シリコン粉末、セラミックス粉末（例えば、窒化チタン粉末、窒化アルミ粉末、窒化クロム粉末、タングステンカーバイト粉末、炭化ケイ素粉末）、ダイアモンド粉末、カーボンナノチューブなどの少なくとも１種類より成る。
前記硬質粉末を、該硬質粉末よりも径大の高速度工具鋼粉末と共に送り込むことが望ましい。
本発明の丸軸表面の改質装置は、被改質物である丸軸より径大で端部が開口した丸軸摺動孔と、一端が前記丸軸摺動孔に連通し、他端が硬質粉末投入口となっている工具挿入孔と、該硬質粉末投入口から前記工具挿入孔へ回転可能に挿入され、先端が前記丸軸摺動孔に達する工具とを備え、該工具は、その外周面に螺旋溝を形成すると共に、平坦な或いは円錐状の先端面を有する。
The hard powder is composed of at least one of metal powder , silicon powder , ceramic powder (for example, titanium nitride powder, aluminum nitride powder, chromium nitride powder, tungsten carbide powder, silicon carbide powder), diamond powder, and carbon nanotube. .
It is desirable to feed the hard powder together with high-speed tool steel powder having a diameter larger than that of the hard powder.
The round shaft surface reforming device of the present invention has a round shaft sliding hole having a diameter larger than that of the round shaft to be reformed and having an open end, one end communicating with the round shaft sliding hole, and the other end A tool insertion hole serving as a hard powder inlet, and a tool rotatably inserted from the hard powder inlet into the tool insertion hole, the tip of which reaches the round shaft sliding hole. A spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface, and a flat or conical tip surface is provided.
本発明の丸軸表面の改質方法によれば、丸軸の表面に硬質粉末が埋め込まれて方向性のない硬質膜が島状に創成されるので、耐摩耗性が著しく向上する。
また、工具と丸軸とが丸軸の軸方向に相対的に移動しながら線接触又は点接触して回転するので、高い熱が発生せず、このため、丸軸の歪みや変形が抑制され、しかも、丸軸の摩耗は極めて少なく、高熱・高荷重に耐えられる特殊な工具や装置も必要としない。
本発明の丸軸表面の改質装置によれば、工具の螺旋溝で硬質粉末が効率良く工具と丸軸との接触部分へ送り込まれると共に、丸軸の摺動によって、丸軸摺動孔内に送り込まれた硬質粉末は端部の開口から排出されるので、工具及び丸軸の運動を阻害することがなく、熱の発生も抑えられる。また、高熱が発生しないので、高度な耐久性が要求されず、装置全体の構造も簡単で済む。
According to the method for modifying the surface of the round shaft of the present invention, the hard powder is embedded in the surface of the round shaft and a non-directional hard film is created in an island shape, so the wear resistance is remarkably improved.
In addition, since the tool and the round shaft rotate while moving relative to each other in the axial direction of the round shaft, they do not generate high heat, and therefore, distortion and deformation of the round shaft are suppressed. Moreover, the wear of the round shaft is extremely small, and no special tool or device that can withstand high heat and high load is required.
According to the round shaft surface reforming apparatus of the present invention, the hard powder is efficiently fed into the contact portion between the tool and the round shaft in the spiral groove of the tool, and the round shaft slides into the round shaft sliding hole. Since the hard powder fed into is discharged from the opening at the end, the movement of the tool and the round shaft is not hindered, and the generation of heat is also suppressed. In addition, since no high heat is generated, high durability is not required, and the structure of the entire apparatus is simple.
図１は、丸軸表面の改質装置を示す。
この改質装置は、丸軸Ａが内部に設置されてその軸方向に摺動する丸軸摺動孔１と、一端が丸軸摺動孔１に連通し、他端が硬質粉末投入口２となっている工具挿入孔３と、硬質粉末投入口２から工具挿入孔３へ挿入された工具４とを備える。
被改質物である丸軸Ａは、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）合金、ＳＣＭ鋼等の摩擦材として汎用されている材質より成ることが多い。
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for modifying a round shaft surface.
This reformer has a round shaft sliding hole 1 in which a round shaft A is installed and slides in the axial direction, one end communicates with the round shaft sliding hole 1 and the other end has a hard powder inlet 2. And a tool 4 inserted into the tool insertion hole 3 from the hard powder inlet 2.
The round shaft A, which is a material to be modified, is often made of a material generally used as a friction material such as an aluminum (Al) alloy or SCM steel.
丸軸摺動孔１は、丸軸Ａよりやや径大であり、図示しないがその両端部は開口して硬質粉末排出口となっている。
工具挿入孔３は、工具４よりやや径大であり、その硬質粉末投入口２にはロート５が取り付けられている。
工具挿入孔３の上方には粉末ホッパ６が設置され、粉末ホッパ６内に微細な硬質粉末Ｂが充填されている。硬質粉末Ｂは、丸軸Ａの材質よりも硬い、金属粉末、シリコン粉末、セラミックス粉末（例えば、窒化チタン粉末、窒化アルミ粉末、窒化クロム粉末、タングステンカーバイト粉末、炭化ケイ素粉末）、ダイアモンド粉末、カーボンナノチューブなどの一種類、又は、複数種類を混合したものである。
The round shaft sliding hole 1 is slightly larger in diameter than the round shaft A, and although not shown, both ends thereof are opened to serve as hard powder discharge ports.
The tool insertion hole 3 is slightly larger in diameter than the tool 4, and a funnel 5 is attached to the hard powder inlet 2.
A powder hopper 6 is installed above the tool insertion hole 3, and fine hard powder B is filled in the powder hopper 6. Hard powder B is harder than the material of round shaft A, metal powder , silicon powder , ceramic powder (for example, titanium nitride powder, aluminum nitride powder, chromium nitride powder, tungsten carbide powder, silicon carbide powder), diamond powder, One type such as a carbon nanotube, or a mixture of a plurality of types.
また、粉末ホッパ６の下流には羽根車７が設置され、その下方には粉末供給チューブ９が連続して設けてある。
粉末供給チューブ９の供給口はロート５の内部に向けて開口し、羽根車７を回転させると、粉末ホッパ６内の硬質粉末Ｂが粉末供給チューブ９を通ってロート５内に落下するようになっている。
An impeller 7 is installed downstream of the powder hopper 6 and a powder supply tube 9 is continuously provided below the impeller 7.
The supply port of the powder supply tube 9 opens toward the inside of the funnel 5, and when the impeller 7 is rotated, the hard powder B in the powder hopper 6 falls into the funnel 5 through the powder supply tube 9. It has become.
工具４は、高速度工具鋼（ＨＳＳ）、超鋼など、硬くて耐摩耗性のある材料を素材とした円柱体より成り、工具挿入孔３に挿入されている部分の外周面に螺旋溝１０を形成してあり、平坦な或いは円錐状の先端面１１を有する。
さらに、工具４の基端部はボール盤等の工作機械に取り付けられており、工具４を回転させると共に、先端面１１を介して丸軸摺動孔１内の丸軸Ａに対し荷重を加えられるようになっている。
The tool 4 is made of a cylindrical body made of a hard and wear-resistant material such as high-speed tool steel (HSS) or super steel, and the spiral groove 10 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the portion inserted in the tool insertion hole 3. And has a flat or conical tip surface 11.
Further, the base end portion of the tool 4 is attached to a machine tool such as a drilling machine, and the tool 4 is rotated and a load is applied to the round shaft A in the round shaft sliding hole 1 through the tip surface 11. It is like that.
丸軸Ａの表面を改質するには、丸軸Ａを丸軸摺動孔１内に設置し、工具４の先端面１１を丸軸Ａの外周面に線接触又は点接触させ、羽根車７を回転させて、粉末ホッパ６に充填した硬質粉末Ｂを工具挿入孔３の硬質粉末投入口２に供給する。
そして、図２に示すように、工具４を回転させると共に、丸軸Ａを回転させながら、丸軸摺動孔１内で軸方向に沿って一定速度で移動させる。
すると、工具４の回転に伴い、硬質粉末Ｂが螺旋溝１０によって工具４と丸軸Ａとの接触部へ送り込まれる。
なお、丸軸Ａは、軸方向に複数回往復させると良い。
In order to modify the surface of the round shaft A, the round shaft A is installed in the round shaft sliding hole 1, the tip surface 11 of the tool 4 is brought into line contact or point contact with the outer peripheral surface of the round shaft A, and the impeller. 7 is rotated to supply the hard powder B filled in the powder hopper 6 to the hard powder inlet 2 of the tool insertion hole 3.
Then, as shown in FIG. 2, while rotating the tool 4 and rotating the round shaft A, the tool 4 is moved along the axial direction in the round shaft sliding hole 1 at a constant speed.
Then, with the rotation of the tool 4, the hard powder B is fed into the contact portion between the tool 4 and the round shaft A through the spiral groove 10.
The round shaft A may be reciprocated a plurality of times in the axial direction.
工具４の先端面１１と丸軸Ａの外周面とは線接触又は点接触して回転及び摺動しているため、大きな荷重を加えなくても、接触部に送り込まれた硬質粉末Ｂと丸軸Ａとの間には高面圧が作用して、冷間溶着、即ち、高い接触圧力又はせん断力による低温下での溶着が生ずる。
この結果、丸軸Ａの外周面に硬質粉末Ｂが埋め込まれ、丸軸Ａの表面に方向性のない島状の硬質膜が形成されて、耐摩耗性が大幅に向上する。
また、丸軸Ａの表面は高面圧とせん断力を受けて摩耗するが、その摩耗粉のほとんどは硬質粉末Ｂと混じり合って再移着が生じるため、結果的に、丸軸Ａの摩耗はきわめて少なく、しかも、高温が発生しないため、丸軸Ａの歪みや変形を抑制できる。
Since the tip surface 11 of the tool 4 and the outer circumferential surface of the round shaft A are rotating and sliding in line contact or point contact, the hard powder B and the round powder fed into the contact portion are applied without applying a large load. A high surface pressure acts between the shaft A and cold welding, that is, welding at a low temperature due to high contact pressure or shear force.
As a result, the hard powder B is embedded in the outer peripheral surface of the round shaft A, and an island-like hard film having no directionality is formed on the surface of the round shaft A, so that the wear resistance is greatly improved.
Further, the surface of the round shaft A is worn by receiving high surface pressure and shearing force, but most of the wear powder is mixed with the hard powder B and retransfer occurs, resulting in wear of the round shaft A. Is extremely small and high temperature does not occur, so that distortion and deformation of the round shaft A can be suppressed.
なお、粉末ホッパ６の内部に、硬質粉末Ｂより径大の高速度工具鋼（ＨＳＳ）粒子を硬質粉末Ｂと共に充填しておき、硬質粉末ＢをＨＳＳ粒子と共に丸軸Ａと工具４との接触部へ送り込むと良い。この場合、硬質粉末ＢとＨＳＳ粒子との混合比は、かさ比で５０：５０、重量比で１５：８５程度とする。
このようにすると、流動性が良い球状のＨＳＳ粒子の周囲に硬質粉末Ｂが付着して運搬されるので、効率良く工具４と丸軸Ａとの接触部へ硬質粉末Ｂを送り込むことができる。また、ＨＳＳ粒子は、硬質粉末Ｂどうしを適度に分散させて、過度な凝集を防ぎ、ＨＳＳ粒子が転がることにより、大規模な焼き付きを防ぐ作用もある。
The powder hopper 6 is filled with high-speed tool steel (HSS) particles having a diameter larger than that of the hard powder B together with the hard powder B, and the hard powder B is contacted with the round shaft A and the tool 4 together with the HSS particles. Send it to the department. In this case, the mixing ratio of the hard powder B and the HSS particles is about 50:50 in the bulk ratio and about 15:85 in the weight ratio.
If it does in this way, since the hard powder B adheres and is conveyed around the spherical HSS particle | grains with favorable fluidity | liquidity, the hard powder B can be efficiently sent to the contact part of the tool 4 and the round shaft A. Moreover, HSS particle | grains have the effect | action which disperse | distributes hard powder B moderately, prevents excessive aggregation, and prevents large-scale image sticking by HSS particle rolling.
直径１０ｍｍ、長さ１００ｍｍのＡｌ合金製の丸軸Ａを丸軸摺動孔１に設置し、直径８ｍｍの工具４の平坦な先端面１１を丸軸Ａに線接触させて１９．６Ｎの荷重（Ｗ）を加えた。
工具４の回転数（ＮT）を３８０ｒｐｍとし、丸軸Ａの回転数（ＮR）を１１０ｒｐｍとし、丸軸Ａを０．２６ｍｍ／ｓの速度（ＶT）で軸方向に移動させた。なお、丸軸Ａの改質部分の長さは８０ｍｍとする。
＃３００メッシュのＳｉ粉末より成る硬質粉末Ｂと、平均粒径５０μｍのＨＳＳ粒子とを嵩比５０：５０で混合した混合粉末を、工具４と丸軸Ａの接触部へ送り込み、丸軸Ａの改質部分を２往復させて、硬質粉末Ｂを丸軸Ａの改質部分の表面に埋め込んだ。
An Al alloy round shaft A having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 100 mm is installed in the round shaft sliding hole 1, and a flat tip surface 11 of a tool 4 having a diameter of 8 mm is brought into line contact with the round shaft A to load 19.6 N. (W) was added.
The rotational speed (N T ) of the tool 4 was set to 380 rpm, the rotational speed (N R ) of the round shaft A was set to 110 rpm, and the round shaft A was moved in the axial direction at a speed (V T ) of 0.26 mm / s. The length of the modified portion of the round shaft A is 80 mm.
A mixed powder obtained by mixing hard powder B made of # 300 mesh Si powder and HSS particles having an average particle diameter of 50 μm at a bulk ratio of 50:50 is fed to the contact portion between the tool 4 and the round shaft A, and the round shaft A The modified part was reciprocated twice, and the hard powder B was embedded in the surface of the modified part of the round shaft A.
処理した丸軸Ａを図３に示す。脱脂綿で付着物を拭い去ってから丸軸Ａを目視すると、改質部分の表面は黒灰色を呈し、軸方向にも周方向にも引っ掻き傷は付いておらず、丸軸Ａの歪みも認められなかった。
また、丸軸Ａの素材をＡｌ合金よりも硬いＳＣＭ鋼に変え、他の条件は同様にして改質処理を行なった。
硬質粉末Ｂの埋め込み処理後に丸軸Ａの直径を測定すると、０．０４〜０．０６ｍｍの寸法増が認められた。
The processed round shaft A is shown in FIG. After observing the round shaft A after wiping off the adhering material with absorbent cotton, the surface of the modified part is black-gray, there is no scratch in the axial direction or circumferential direction, and distortion of the round shaft A is also observed. I couldn't.
Further, the material of the round shaft A was changed to SCM steel harder than the Al alloy, and the reforming treatment was performed in the same manner under other conditions.
When the diameter of the round shaft A was measured after the embedding process of the hard powder B, a dimensional increase of 0.04 to 0.06 mm was recognized.
丸軸Ａの改質部分の表面を３０μｍ程度研磨した後の丸軸Ａ表面のレーザー顕微鏡による輝度画像を図４に示す。図４の（イ）はＡｌ合金より成る丸軸Ａ、（ロ）はＳＣＭ鋼より成る丸軸Ａの画像である。
どちらの丸軸Ａも、金属光沢部（例えばａ部）に灰色のＳｉ組織（ｂ部）が島状に埋め込まれており、黒色に見える窪み（ｓ部）が存在した組織となっている。
なお、柔らかいＡｌ合金を素材とする丸軸Ａの改質部分表面には、円形状のＨＳＳ粒子部（ｃ部）が散在しているが、硬いＳＣＭ鋼より成る丸軸Ａの改質部分表面には、ＨＳＳ粒子の埋め込みが殆ど見られなかった。
FIG. 4 shows a luminance image of the surface of the round shaft A after polishing the surface of the modified portion of the round shaft A by about 30 μm using a laser microscope. 4A is an image of a round shaft A made of an Al alloy, and FIG. 4B is an image of a round shaft A made of SCM steel.
Both of the round axes A have a structure in which a gray Si structure (b part) is embedded in an island shape in a metallic luster part (for example, part a), and a depression (s part) that appears black appears.
In addition, round HSS particle part (c part) is scattered on the modified part surface of the round shaft A made of soft Al alloy, but the modified part surface of the round shaft A made of hard SCM steel. Hardly embedded HSS particles.
また、研磨後の丸軸Ａの断面画像を図５に示す。図５の（イ）はＡｌ合金より成る丸軸Ａ、（ロ）はＳＣＭ鋼より成る丸軸Ａの画像である。
いずれの丸軸Ａも、表層にＳｉが埋め込まれた灰色層が見られ、その厚さはＡｌ合金製の丸軸Ａでは約３０μｍ、ＳＣＭ鋼製の丸軸Ａでは約１５μｍであった。
なお、灰色層の表面に近い部分は粒子状となっているのに対し、基材側ではＳｉ粉末と基材とが混ざり合っていることがわかる。
Further, FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional image of the round shaft A after polishing. 5A is an image of a round shaft A made of an Al alloy, and FIG. 5B is an image of a round shaft A made of SCM steel.
In each of the round shafts A, a gray layer in which Si was embedded in the surface layer was seen, and the thickness thereof was about 30 μm for the round shaft A made of Al alloy and about 15 μm for the round shaft A made of SCM steel.
In addition, it turns out that the part close | similar to the surface of a gray layer is a particle form, but Si powder and a base material are mixed on the base material side.
研磨後の丸軸Ａの改質部分表面とその近傍の基材面にビッカース硬さ試験を行なった。荷重は０．２４５Ｎとし、金属光沢部（ａ部）、灰色層部（ｂ部）、ＨＳＳ粒子部（ｃ部）ごとに打点して硬さを測定した結果をばらつき範囲を含めて図６に示す。
Ａｌ合金、ＳＣＭ鋼のいずれの丸軸Ａでも、金属光沢部は基材（ｄ）の硬さに近く、灰色層部は金属光沢部よりはるかに高い硬さを示した。
また、Ａｌ合金製丸軸Ａの灰色層部の硬さとＳＣＭ鋼製丸軸Ａのそれとを比較すると、後者の方がはるかに硬い。
なお、ＨＳＳ粒子部の硬さが灰色層部に比べて高いのは、粉砕されていないＨＳＳ粒子そのものの硬さが計測されたためと考えられる。
A Vickers hardness test was performed on the surface of the modified portion of the round shaft A after polishing and the substrate surface in the vicinity thereof. The load was 0.245 N, and the results of measuring the hardness by hitting each metallic luster part (a part), gray layer part (b part), and HSS particle part (c part) are shown in FIG. 6 including the variation range. Show.
In any round axis A of Al alloy or SCM steel, the metallic luster part was close to the hardness of the base material (d), and the gray layer part showed much higher hardness than the metallic luster part.
When the hardness of the gray layer portion of the Al alloy round shaft A is compared with that of the SCM steel round shaft A, the latter is much harder.
The reason why the hardness of the HSS particle part is higher than that of the gray layer part is considered because the hardness of the HSS particle itself that has not been pulverized is measured.
丸軸Ａの改質部分の耐摩耗性を、点接触形態の往復摩擦試験により評価した。相手材は市販のＳＵＪ２丸軸（直径１０ｍｍ、ＨＶ約７６０）として、丸軸Ａと直角に交差させ、上側の丸軸Ａを荷重４．９Ｎ、振幅２０ｍｍ、振動数３Ｈｚで、潤滑油中において１０８００回往復させ、改質部分の摩耗量を調べた。また、比較のために、同様の条件で改質処理していない丸軸の摩擦試験を行なった。その結果を図７に示す。なお、摩耗量は、摩耗痕の大きさと深さをもとに体積を算出したものである。
いずれの丸軸Ａも改質しない丸軸に比べて著しく耐摩耗性が高まり、殆ど摩耗が生じなかった（Ａｌ合金、ＳＣＭ鋼共に約０．７×１０6μｍ3）。
The abrasion resistance of the modified portion of the round shaft A was evaluated by a point contact type reciprocating friction test. The mating material is a commercially available SUJ2 round shaft (diameter 10 mm, HV approx. 760), intersecting the round shaft A at a right angle, the upper round shaft A with a load of 4.9 N, an amplitude of 20 mm, and a vibration frequency of 3 Hz, It was reciprocated 10800 times, and the amount of wear of the modified portion was examined. For comparison, a friction test was performed on a round shaft that was not modified under the same conditions. The result is shown in FIG. The amount of wear is a volume calculated based on the size and depth of wear marks.
Neither of the round shafts A was significantly improved in wear resistance as compared to the round shaft without modification, and almost no wear occurred (both Al alloy and SCM steel were about 0.7 × 10 6 μm 3 ).
図８に、往復摩擦試験による摩耗痕の様子を示す。Ａｌ合金製であってもＳＣＭ鋼製であってもその摩耗痕は類似しているので、図８にはＡｌ合金製のものを示す。（イ）は非改質の丸軸、（ロ）は改質した丸軸Ａの画像である。
図８から明らかなように、非改質丸軸では明瞭な摺動痕を伴う激しい摩耗が見られるのに対して、改質した丸軸Ａの摩耗は軽微であり、摺動痕もほとんど見られない。
なお、相手材のＳＵＪ２丸軸には、ストロークよりやや長い線状の摩耗痕ができるが、激しい引っ掻き痕は見られなかった。
FIG. 8 shows the appearance of wear marks by the reciprocating friction test. Since the wear marks are similar regardless of whether they are made of Al alloy or SCM steel, FIG. 8 shows the one made of Al alloy. (A) is an unmodified round shaft, and (B) is a modified round shaft A image.
As is clear from FIG. 8, while the non-modified round shaft shows severe wear with clear sliding marks, the modified round shaft A shows little wear, and almost no sliding marks are seen. I can't.
The SUJ2 round shaft of the counterpart material had a linear wear mark slightly longer than the stroke, but no severe scratch mark was observed.
Ａ 丸軸
Ｂ 硬質粉末
１ 丸軸摺動孔
２ 硬質粉末投入口
３ 工具挿入孔
４ 工具
５ ロート
６ 粉末ホッパ
７ 羽根車
９ 粉末供給チューブ
１０ 螺旋溝
１１ 先端面
A round shaft B hard powder 1 round shaft sliding hole 2 hard powder inlet 3 tool insertion hole 4 tool 5 funnel 6 powder hopper 7 impeller 9 powder supply tube 10 spiral groove 11 tip surface
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