JP5316738B2 - Lubricant for oil temperature and hot forging - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention prevents the residue of the lubricant applied to the mold from sticking or depositing on the mold surface when the steel, copper alloy, aluminum alloy or the like is continuously forged in a warm or hot state, and is stable. The present invention relates to a lubricant for oil-based warm and hot forging that can be forged.

  Conventionally, as oil-based lubricants used for hot / hot forging of steel, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, etc., oil-based warm / hot forging lubricants in which graphite powder is dispersed in mineral oil, or mineral oil-based metal soap greases. Oil based temperature and hot forging lubricants in which graphite powder and mineral oil are dispersed and diluted are commercially available. JP-A-8-333594 describes a forging lubricant in which a highly basic alkaline earth metal organic acid salt is dispersed in a base oil.

However, these conventional oil-based warm / hot forging lubricants have the advantage that they can be forged without overcooling the die like water-based lubricants, but in the case of continuous precision forging, they were applied to the die. The lubricant deteriorates due to heat or the like, and adheres to or accumulates on the mold surface as a residue, resulting in lack of material or poor material flow. Therefore, there is a problem that the forging process must be interrupted and the mold cleaned each time a residue is deposited.
JP-A-8-333594

  In view of the above-described conventional problems, the present invention provides an oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant that prevents sticking and accumulation of lubricant residue to a mold and enables stable and stable continuous forging. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, the oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant provided by the present invention is used as a dryer for promoting oxidative decomposition of the oil remaining in the mold together with the base oil, cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper 1 to 30% by weight of an organometallic compound of at least one metal selected from iron, tin, nickel, cerium, and potassium.

  In the oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant of the present invention, it is preferable to contain 0.1 to 1.0 times the cleaning dispersant in a weight ratio with respect to the dryer. The detergent dispersant is preferably at least one selected from basic sulfonates, basic phenates, salicylates, succinimides, benzylamines, succinic acid esters, and copolymer polymers.

  In addition, the oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant of the present invention may further contain various additive components, for example, it may contain graphite powder and / or molybdenum disulfide as a solid lubricant. Alternatively, an organic compound of low-melting-point metal bismuth can be contained as an additive for improving the lubrication performance between the mold and the metal material during warm / hot forging.

  According to the present invention, the oxidative decomposition of the oil remaining in the mold is promoted, and sticking or accumulation of the lubricant residue on the mold surface can be prevented. Therefore, by using the oil-based temperature / hot forging lubricant of the present invention, continuous forging between steel and copper alloys, aluminum alloys, etc. can be performed without maintenance such as mold cleaning. It becomes possible to implement stably.

  The lubricant for oil-based temperature / hot forging of the present invention contains base oil and a dryer as essential components. The dryer generally has a catalytic action that accelerates the oxidation of the paint containing the drying fatty oil in the atmosphere and shortens the drying time, and is also called a desiccant. In the lubricant according to the present invention, the dryer (drying agent) promotes the oxidative decomposition of the oil remaining in the mold and functions to prevent the adhesion or accumulation of the lubricant residue on the mold surface.

  The dryer (drying agent) used in the present invention comprises an organometallic compound of at least one metal selected from cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, tin, nickel, cerium, and potassium. These organometallic compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, iron 2-ethylhexylate and copper 2-ethylhexylate are particularly preferred.

  The lubricant for oil-based warm / hot forging of the present invention can contain a cleaning dispersant in addition to the essential components of the base oil and the dryer (drying agent). A cleaning dispersant is generally used as an additive for lubricating oil for internal combustion engines (engines), and carbon-like substances and sludge generated by oxidation of the lubricating oil are suspended and dispersed in the lubricating oil and deposited on various parts of the engine. To prevent this. By adding this cleaning dispersant, sticking or accumulation of the lubricant residue on the mold surface can be further prevented.

  The detergent / dispersant is preferably at least one selected from basic sulfonates, basic phenates, salicylates, succinimides, benzylamines, succinic acid esters, and copolymer polymers. Among them, alkenyl succinic acid polyimides, alkyls are preferred. Particularly preferred is calcium salicylate. The basicity in the basic sulfonate and the basic phenate means that the base number is several tens mg KOH / g or more, specifically 40 mg KOH / g or more, among which the base number is several hundred mg KOH / g or more. Are sometimes called particularly highly basic or superbasic.

  When the cleaning dispersant is added, the addition amount of the cleaning dispersant is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 times by weight with respect to the dryer (drying agent). When the amount of the detergent dispersant is less than 0.1 times by weight with respect to the dryer (drying agent), the addition effect is hardly obtained, and when it exceeds 1.0 times, the addition effect increases. There is no.

In addition, the base oil used in the present invention may be one that is usually used for lubricants for oil-based warm / hot forging, and uses any of mineral oil, vegetable oil, synthetic oil, or a mixture of two or more thereof. be able to. The base oil preferably has a flash point of 200 ° C. or higher and a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of less than 1000 mm ² / s. This is because if the flash point is less than 200 ° C., it tends to ignite when applied to the mold, and if the kinematic viscosity is 1000 mm ² / s or more at 40 ° C., spray application becomes difficult when applied to the mold.

  The oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant of the present invention can further contain various additional components in addition to the above, and can contain, for example, graphite powder and / or molybdenum disulfide as a solid lubricant. . By adding these solid lubricants, an effect of improving the anti-seizure performance on the mold can be obtained. The solid lubricant powder to be used may be a grade generally used as a solid lubricant.

  In order to improve the lubricating performance, an organic compound of low melting point metal bismuth can be added. As an organic compound of low melting point metal bismuth, for example, bismuth 2-ethylhexylate is preferable.

  Furthermore, the adhesiveness of the lubricant to the high-temperature mold can be further improved by blending a thickening agent such as a metal soap, urea, inorganic or calcium sulfonate. As these thickeners, for example, lithium soap, calcium sulfonate and the like can be suitably used.

  The oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant of the present invention contains the above-described essential components, base oil, dryer (drying agent), and other additive components as necessary, mixed and dispersed or dissolved. Can be adjusted. Moreover, a load bearing additive, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoaming agent, a pour point depressant, a viscosity index improver, an antioxidant and the like can be further added as necessary.

Each oil type temperature / hot forging lubricant having the composition (% by weight) shown in Table 1 below was prepared. In the type in which the thickeners of Samples 1 to 8 and Comparative Sample C1 were not blended, each component was dispersed and dissolved in the base oil using a homomixer. Moreover, the type which mix | blends the thickener of sample 9-10 and the sample C2 of a comparative example mix | blended the thickener with high concentration with respect to the thickener alone or beforehand to the base oil using the universal mixing stirrer. Other components were added and stirred in several portions, and each component was finally dispersed and dissolved in the base oil.

Each lubricant samples 1-10 and samples C1~C2 adjusted by the, it was evaluated by a tapered cup test method. In other words, in the taper cup test method, as shown in the left half of FIG. The material of the workpiece 1 is aluminum alloy A-4032, copper alloy C-3771, and carbon steel S45C. The taper cup testing machine used is a 6.0MN crank press, a stroke of 148 mm, and a forging speed of 30 spm.

  The heating temperature of the workpiece 1 is 500 ° C. for aluminum alloy A-4032, 700 ° C. for copper alloy C-3771 (both heated to a set temperature in an electric furnace), and 1020 ° C. for carbon steel S45C (set with a high-frequency heating device). Heating to temperature). The temperature of the punch 2 was 450 ° C. (heated to the set temperature with a high-frequency heating device), and the temperature of the die 3 was 150 ° C. (heated to the set temperature with the embedded heater 4).

In this taper cup test, each of the lubricants of Samples 1 to 10 and Samples C1 to C2 shown in Table 1 was spray-coated on the punch 2 heated to 450 ° C. so that the coating amount was 3 g / 3 sec. The die 3 was coated with a solvent-based molybdenum disulfide lubricant during testing of the aluminum alloy A-4032, and was otherwise coated with a water-based graphite lubricant.

  As shown in the right half of FIG. 1, each workpiece 1 to which the above-described lubricant was applied was forged with a punch 2 so as to have an indentation amount (gap value at no load) of 12 mm. Thereafter, the lubricant residue adhering to the punch 2 after the test was evaluated in four stages. That is, the four-level evaluation is as follows: ◎: No sticking (including powdery adhesion that can be easily removed by air blow), ○: There is a very small amount of sticking, but there is no practical problem, Δ: Small amount of sticking, ×: With sticking, It was.

Further, the surface of the punch 2 after the test was observed, and the seizure state was evaluated in three stages. That is, the three-level evaluation was: ○: no seizure, Δ: slight seizure, x: seizure. Furthermore, the maximum load (kN) at the time of forging and the cup bottom thickness h (mm) were measured. The lower the maximum load and the thinner the cup bottom thickness, the better the lubricating performance of the lubricant. These test results are shown together with the composition of each sample in Table 1 below.

As can be seen from the test results in Table 1 above, samples 1, 3 to 10 containing iron 2-ethylhexylate according to the present invention and sample 2 containing copper 2-ethylhexylate as a reference example are all lubricant residues. Can be prevented. Further, in samples 1 to 5, baking was observed by forging aluminum alloy A-4032, but in samples 6 to 10 in which a solid lubricant was further blended, the lubricating performance was improved, and baking was performed on all workpieces. Lost.

Further, from the comparison of the maximum load and the cup bottom thickness of Samples 1 , 3 to 10 according to the present invention and Sample 2 of Reference Example, by blending bismuth 2-ethylhexylate which is an organic compound of low melting point metal bismuth, lubrication performance It can be seen that is further improved. Further, it can be seen that by adding a thickener such as lithium soap or calcium sulfonate, the adhesion performance of the lubricant to the mold is improved, and as a result, good lubrication performance is exhibited.

On the other hand, since the sample C1 of the comparative example basically consists of only the base oil, sticking of the lubricant residue occurred in all the workpieces, and seizure was observed in the forging of the aluminum alloy A-4032. . Comparative sample C2 basically contained a base oil, a solid lubricant, and a thickener, so that seizure was not observed and good lubrication performance was exhibited. Sticking occurred.

It is sectional drawing which shows a taper cup test method typically, The left half shows the state before a process, and the right half shows the state after a process.

Explanation of symbols

1 Work material 2 Punch 3 Die 4 Heater

Claims (5)

It is an oil-based lubricant used for continuous forging between warm and hot, and contains 1 to 30% by weight of iron 2-ethylhexylate as a dryer that promotes oxidative decomposition of the oil remaining in the mold together with the base oil. Lubricant for oil-based temperature and hot forging characterized by   The lubricant for oil-based warm / hot forging according to claim 1, comprising a cleaning dispersant in a weight ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 times that of the dryer.   The cleaning dispersant is at least one selected from basic sulfonates, basic phenates, salicylates, succinimides, benzylamines, succinic acid esters, and copolymer-based polymers. Oil-based temperature / hot forging lubricant as described.   The oil-based warm / hot forging lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising graphite powder and / or molybdenum disulfide as a solid lubricant. The oil-based temperature according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by containing bismuth 2-ethylhexylate as an additive for improving the lubrication performance between the mold and the metal material during hot / hot forging.・ Lubricant for hot forging.

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