JP5347158B2 - Waste treatment apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide equipment and a method for waste treatment which can treat various types of wastes including harmful ones safely by thermal decomposition and carbon fixation. <P>SOLUTION: The waste treatment method includes charging various types of wastes into a thermal decomposition reactor (3) arranged within a vacuum tank (2) by using a charging means (5), decomposing the wastes above thermal decomposition rollers (14 and 15) while pressurizing and heating, discharging high-frequency photons through high-frequency discharge terminals (27 and 28) arranged on the thermal decomposition rollers (14 and 15) in a connected state during the thermal decomposition process and causing the thermally decomposed wastes to pass through an a.c. coil (29) to remove harmful ingredients through thermal magnetism. The equipment and method for waste treatment utilizes the thermal decomposition reactor arranged in the vacuum tank and can treat various types of wastes safely through thermal decomposition and carbon fixation (dry distillation) under the thermal decomposition action on molecular structures, without secondary environmental pollutions, by decomposing various types wastes thermally with heating through rotation of connected thermal decomposition rollers within the thermal decomposition reactor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus and method, and more particularly to a waste treatment apparatus and method capable of safely treating various types of waste including hazardous waste by a pyrolysis and carbon fixation method. .

Until now, we have focused on the treatment method that leaves various ash in the atmosphere and leaves only ash (ash) to reduce the volume, but the elements generated during the incineration of various solid organic substances are in the gas phase. Therefore, the incineration method has been proposed as a problem to be improved because it is odorless and colorless, is not confirmed by the naked eye or smell, and does not disappear even when incinerated.
Because flammable waste has no smoke that can be seen with the naked eye, even if it is completely extinguished in the atmosphere, harmful gases generated from hazardous waste remain as it is and pollute the atmosphere and groundwater. So far, general incineration methods require fundamental improvements.

JP 2009-82823 A JP 2009-174740 A

Therefore, the present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus and method for fixing carbon by pyrolysis without burning out waste to prevent various harmful substances from being scattered in the air by incineration. Objective.
In addition, the present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus having a new configuration capable of solving the above-mentioned problems that occur during the treatment of various types of waste as described above, particularly hazardous waste and combustible waste, and the like. An object is to provide a waste treatment method using a treatment apparatus.

  In the present invention, in particular, various wastes and the like are put into a pyrolysis reactor in a vacuum state, and then small pulverized wastes are put between high-temperature (1000 to 3000 ° C.) pyrolysis rollers. It is thermally decomposed and simultaneously emits high-frequency photons through a high-frequency discharge terminal to change the structure of the material. At this time, the gas phase substance is vaporized and gathers around the suction port on the pyrolysis reactor, and after the gas collected along the suction pipe is made high pressure, it is placed between the heat generating rollers of the pyrolysis reactor. Diffusion is generated to produce useful new substances, and these new substances are collected by discharging through the suction pipes formed above and below the vacuum furnace, and the solid waste that passes through the heating reactor passes through the AC coil. And a waste treatment apparatus and method for removing harmful components by thermomagnetism (static electricity).

  According to the present invention, the waste treatment apparatus and method according to the present invention includes a pyrolysis reactor installed in a vacuum tank, and a pyrolysis roller connected to the pyrolysis reactor to rotate variously. By decomposing hazardous waste such as waste, pollution caused by hazardous waste can be minimized and prevented, and various types of waste including hazardous waste can be decomposed into the environment by pyrolysis and carbon fixation method (dry distillation method). It can be safely processed without causing pollution, and it can be used for photolysis of toxic substances generated during incineration of flammable waste. The effect is great.

It is a whole perspective view which shows the state which cut off some waste disposal apparatuses which concern on preferable one Embodiment of this invention. It is the enlarged view of A part of FIG. 1, and the excerpt perspective view of one part. FIG. 3 is an extracted front view of charging means and a thermal decomposition reactor used in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which cut off a part of internal structure of the thermal decomposition reaction furnace which is the principal part of the waste disposal apparatus which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is a partially exploded enlarged perspective view of a thermal decomposition roller that is shaft-installed inside a thermal decomposition reactor that is a main part of the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste treatment apparatus 1 according to the present invention. This is because a pyrolysis reactor 3 is installed in a spherical vacuum tank 2, and on one side of the vacuum tank 2, workers are put in and out of the vacuum tank 2, waste is put in, and processed waste is taken out. A doorway 4 that opens and closes sometimes is installed.

The pyrolysis reaction furnace 3 is configured as a spherical reflection chamber for reusing radiant heat radiated from pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 described later.
In addition, a charging means 5 (see FIG. 3) for automatically charging the waste charged in the vacuum tank 2 to the pyrolysis reactor 3 is installed.

  The vacuum tank 2 has a shape of a regular pyramid as shown in FIG. 2, and a plurality of metal pieces 6 whose ends are formed in a hemispherical shape are sequentially fixed in a mosaic by a method such as welding. A spherical vacuum tank 2 is manufactured so as not to be deformed by a pressure difference with the outside, and a horizontal base frame 7 is installed in the vacuum tank 2 to form a work space 8 in the upper part. Each metal piece 6 is fixed with its hemispherical end facing the inside of the vacuum tank 2. The working space 8 in the vacuum tank 2 is connected to a vacuum processing apparatus (not shown) and a vacuum suction pipe 9 so as to form a vacuum.

  The throwing means 5 is for automatically throwing the waste thrown into the work space 8 into the pyrolysis reactor 3, which is connected to the vertical conveyor 10 and the upper part of the vertical conveyor 10. And a horizontal conveyor 11 for transferring the transferred waste in a horizontal direction. The vertical conveyor 10 is provided with a plurality of transfer lugs 12 at predetermined intervals, and the transfer lugs 12 receive the waste. When it is transferred to the upper part by a predetermined amount and dropped onto the horizontal conveyor 11, the horizontal conveyor 11 throws the waste into the charging hole 13 formed at the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor 3.

As shown in FIG. 4, pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 are connected to spur gears 16 and 17 and gears in order to thermally decompose the waste introduced through the charging hole 13 into the pyrolysis reactor 3. The shaft is installed on the meshing shafts 18 and 19.
In order to make the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 easy and inexpensive, a plurality of graphite pieces 20 that can withstand high temperatures are manufactured in a fan shape, and are aligned with the arcs of the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15. Arrange in the arc direction. The graphite pieces 20 connected to the front and rear sides in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred to as X direction) of the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 are arranged so as to overlap each other in a zigzag manner in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of coupling holes penetrating in the longitudinal direction. After being coupled using the support rod 22 via 21, nuts 24 are screwed onto the male screws 23 formed at both ends of the support rod 22 and fixed.

  The male screws 23 and nuts 24 formed at both ends of the support bar 22 can be deformed due to high heat and the like, so this is eliminated, and the graphite pieces 20 assembled with the support bars 22 at both ends of the shafts 18 and 19 are separately provided. It can also be fixed using a fixing ring. As such means for fixing the graphite piece 20 on the shafts 18 and 19, various generally known means can be selectively used, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  In addition, a tungsten (W) material heating wire 26 coated with an insulating film made of mica powder is wired in the longitudinal direction in another bonding hole 25 penetrating the graphite piece 20 to generate heat when a power supply is applied. Let

High-frequency discharge terminals 27 and 28 are installed at outer edges of the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 so as to generate high-frequency photons, respectively, and pyrolyzed waste is exchanged under the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15. Pass through the coil 29. At this time, the AC coil 29 has an antistatic effect that prevents the decomposed fine particles from being scattered in all directions due to an electrostatic phenomenon.
Further, the intake pipe is formed so that the vaporized product generated when pyrolysis is performed in the pyrolysis reactor 3 is sucked and compressed at the top of the pyrolysis reactor 3 and jetted onto the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 at high pressure. 30 is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor 3 and connected to the fine jet pipe 32 via the pump 31 so as to be adjacent to the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15.

  The waste processing apparatus 1 of the present invention configured as described above extracts oxygen through a vacuum suction pipe 9 connected to a vacuum processing apparatus, and a work space 8 in a vacuum-type sealed vacuum tank 2. After various kinds of waste are filled in to prevent oxidation, the waste is put into the pyrolysis reactor 3 by using the vertical conveyor 10 and the horizontal conveyor 11 to put the waste through the charging hole 13 of the pyrolysis reactor 3. The pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 fall between the installed and rotating pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15, and the pyrolysis rollers 14 and 15 are made of a plurality of graphite pieces (sublimation) by the heating wire 26 made of tungsten (melting point: 3,400 ° C.). (Point: 3,460 ° C.) 20 is formed in a cylindrical shape, dissipates high heat of 1000 ° C. or more and 3000 ° C. or less, and the waste is thermally decomposed while being heated to a high temperature and falls to the lower portion. , 15 connected to High-frequency photons are radiated from the frequency discharge terminals 27, 28, and the gas (natural gas) generated at the time of pyrolysis is compressed by the pump 31 through the intake pipe 30 piped at the top of the pyrolysis reactor 3, and then high-pressure hydrogen A gas such as a compound is jetted into the waste through the fine jet pipe 32, and the waste is decomposed.

Further, ash such as carbides finally generated in the pyrolysis reactor 3 is extracted from the pyrolysis reactor 3 and pulverized into fine powder to maximize the volume and density, and this is free of oxygen. It is put in a vacuum unmanned facility and heated, pressurized and compressed by robot work to form a block.
At this time, thermosetting resin such as melamine resin is appropriately added, pores in the compression block are removed, strength and density are increased, and volume is reduced.

At the time of forming the block, a predetermined amount of borax, lead (Pb) powder or the like is added and formed.
The molded block is for preventing harmful substances from being accumulated in the block and contaminating water and air.

  On the other hand, the gas and liquid generated when pyrolyzing the waste in the vacuum tank 2 of the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present invention are the vacuum suction pipes 9 formed above and below the vacuum tank 2 by the vacuum treatment apparatus. The gas phase and liquid phase products are sent to a petrochemical factory and classified into components (benzene, petroleum, light oil, heavy oil, etc.), and non-lipid soluble substances are centrifuged ( It can be reused as a petrochemical material, classified by physical properties such as specific gravity, boiling point, and freezing point.

In addition, the substance obtained by dry distillation as a solid phase can be selected and recycled in consideration of the characteristics of each component.
In addition, according to the waste treatment apparatus and method of the present invention, the generation of carbon dioxide known as a causative substance of the present situation of global warming can be fundamentally blocked when performing waste treatment, and various industries Waste materials can be reused after separating them using physical properties such as boiling point, freezing point, condensation, etc. of each substance through a thermal decomposition method.

In particular, according to the present invention, various toxic industrial wastes can be efficiently and safely treated by a vacuum dry distillation method when treating flammable garbage. Therefore, El Niño has recently been addressed as an international issue. It has an industrial effect that can fundamentally prevent the emission of carbon dioxide, which causes global warming due to the phenomenon.
In addition, the waste treatment apparatus and method of the present invention can be applied not only to bacterial hospital waste and various flammable industrial wastes but also to the treatment of radioactive waste discharged from nuclear power plants. It is expected to be possible.

  The waste treatment apparatus and method of the present invention can safely treat general flammable heavy chemical wastes as well as various kinds of hazardous wastes, and in particular, can safely treat various radioactive substances. It is expected to be widely used as a processing method.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste disposal apparatus 2 Vacuum tank 3 Pyrolysis reactor 4 Entrance / exit 5 Input means 6 Single part 7 Base frame 8 Work space 9 Vacuum suction pipe 10 Vertical conveyor 11 Horizontal conveyor 12 Transfer lug 13 Input hole 14, 15 Pyrolysis roller 16 , 17 Spur gears 18, 19 Shaft 20 Graphite pieces 21, 25 Coupling hole 22 Support rod 23 Male screw 24 Nut 26 Heating wire 27, 28 High frequency discharge terminal 29 AC coil 30 Intake pipe 31 Pump 32 Fine jet pipe

Claims (5)

In the waste treatment device (1),
The waste treatment apparatus (1) includes a spherical vacuum tank (2) having a vacuum suction pipe (9) connected to the vacuum treatment apparatus,
A doorway (4) installed on one side of the vacuum tank (2);
A pyrolysis reactor (3) installed on top of a base frame (7) in the vacuum tank (2);
A charging means (5) installed in the vacuum tank (2) for automatically charging waste through a charging hole (13) formed in the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor (3); Have
In the pyrolysis reactor (3), pyrolysis rollers (14, 15) are installed on shafts (18, 19) meshing with spur gears (16, 17).
A high frequency discharge terminal (27, 28) is installed on the outer edge of the pyrolysis roller (14, 15),
An AC coil (29) installed at the lower part of the pyrolysis roller (14, 15) and a vaporized product generated during pyrolysis in the pyrolysis reactor (3) are used in the pyrolysis reactor (3). The intake pipe (30) is piped so as to be sucked and compressed at the upper part of the nozzle and jetted at high pressure onto the pyrolysis rollers (14, 15), and the fine jet pipe (32) is connected via the pump (31). A waste treatment apparatus characterized by that.   The vacuum tank (2) is formed in a regular hexagonal pyramid shape and is formed in a spherical shape by sequentially fixing a plurality of pieces (6) each having a hemispherical end in a mosaic shape. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1. The charging means (5) includes a vertical conveyor (10) in which a plurality of transfer lugs (12) are fixed at predetermined intervals;
A horizontal conveyor (11) for transferring the waste transported connected to the upper part of the vertical conveyor (10) in the horizontal direction and throwing it into the pyrolysis reactor (3). Item 2. A waste treatment apparatus according to Item 1. The pyrolysis roller (14, 15) is a fan made of a plurality of graphite pieces (20) and is arranged in accordance with the arc of the pyrolysis roller (14, 15).
The graphite pieces (20) connected to the front and rear sides in the longitudinal direction of the pyrolysis rollers (14, 15) are arranged so as to overlap each other in a zigzag manner in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of coupling holes (21) penetrating in the longitudinal direction. In the bonding hole (25), which is bonded using the support rod (22) through the graphite piece (20) and penetrates the graphite piece (20), a heating wire (26) made of tungsten coated with an insulating film is provided in the longitudinal direction. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste disposal apparatus is wired. In the waste disposal method,
Using the charging means (5), charging the waste through the charging hole (13) of the pyrolysis reactor (3) installed in the vacuum tank (2);
A step of throwing the waste charged into the pyrolysis reactor (3) into the upper part of the pyrolysis roller (14, 15) and dropping it to the lower part while thermally decomposing;
A step of discharging high-frequency photons through high-frequency discharge terminals (27, 28) connected to the pyrolysis rollers (14, 15) during the pyrolysis process and then passing the AC coil (29). A waste treatment method characterized by the above.

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