JP5352012B2 - Exhaust turbocharger guide device with adjustable turbine geometry and internal combustion engine exhaust turbocharger - Google Patents

Description

  The invention relates to a guide device for an exhaust turbocharger with an adjustable turbine geometry according to the premise of claim 1 and to an exhaust turbocharger of an internal combustion engine according to the premise of claim 6.

  From US Pat. No. 6,057,056, a guide device for an exhaust turbocharger with an adjustable turbine geometry is known. The guide device includes an axial slider and an adjusting device for the axial slider to translate. In this case, the adjusting device includes an adjusting fork formed so as to surround the axial slider, and the first fork arm and the second fork arm have contact surfaces, respectively. Contact with the axial slider is possible. The guide portion of the adjusting device has an opening for supporting the guide element. With this guide element, it is possible to position an axial slider which is guided along and fixed by one axis, ie the guide axis of the guide element. The lever end of the adjusting lever of the adjusting device is engaged with the guide portion. By using this adjustment lever, the movement of the adjustment fork can be generated.

German Patent Application No. 102006051628A1

  The present invention relates to a guide device for an exhaust turbocharger having an adjustable turbine geometry and an internal combustion engine so as to ensure a smooth positioning of the axial slider in each operating range in view of a simple and low-cost structure Based on the challenge of providing an exhaust turbocharger.

  This problem is solved by the exhaust turbocharger guide device with the adjustable turbine geometry having the features of claim 1 and the exhaust turbocharger of the internal combustion engine according to claim 6. Advantageous embodiments with suitable and important developments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

  The guide device according to the present invention has an adjustment fork having a meshing opening for supporting the lever end, and the contact surface is arranged so that the direction coincides with the guide axis of the opening of the adjustment fork. Is done. This contact surface is formed to establish contact between the axial slider to be positioned and the adjusting fork. This means that when the axial slider is positioned, the point of application of the first force exists on the contact surface. The point of action of the second force for positioning the axial slider is in the meshing opening where the lever end of the adjusting lever is supported while transmitting the force. The points of action of both forces required for the positioning of the axial slider are arranged so that their directions coincide with the guide shaft, so that the generated torque can be partially or completely offset. This partial or complete cancellation can prevent the adjusting fork from tilting and thereby sticking during operation or when positioning the axial slider.

  In an advantageous embodiment of the guide device, the engagement opening is provided in the guide portion of the adjustment fork, so that sufficient strength of the adjustment fork is ensured when positioning the axial slider.

  In another advantageous embodiment of the guide device, the guide part is connected in a stationary manner with the adjusting fork in order to further suppress the inclination tendency.

  In an advantageous embodiment of the guide device, the lever end is movably disposed in the meshing opening, so that its mobility allows rotational movement of the adjusting lever and the lever end to counter the catch of the lever end of the meshing opening. Can act.

  In another special embodiment of the guide device, the meshing opening is arranged between the guide shaft and the longitudinal axis of the axial slider, thereby reducing the torque generated during positioning.

  The present invention further relates to an exhaust turbocharger for an internal combustion engine having a housing having an exhaust gas guide portion and a rotating mechanism with a turbine wheel rotatably supported in the housing. A guide device according to the present invention is assigned to the exhaust gas guide portion for changing the load on the wheel.

  In a preferred form of the exhaust turbocharger, a contact having a certain length is formed between the adjusting fork and the guide element, the guide element having an effective diameter. In order to reduce wear and to ensure long-term operation of the exhaust turbocharger, the ratio between length and diameter is advantageously greater than 2.

  In another form of the exhaust turbocharger, the guide element is supported in the contour sleeve on the side not facing the turbine wheel and in the exhaust gas guide part on the side facing the turbine wheel, Deformation of the guide element due to large temperature fluctuations during operation can be avoided.

  In another preferred embodiment, the guide element and the opening are formed in a cylinder shape to reduce manufacturing costs and to simplify assembly.

  In another advantageous embodiment, the adjusting fork and the axial slider have a first body contact and a second body contact, wherein the first body contact and the second body contact are guide elements. Are arranged symmetrically with respect to the guide shaft, thereby preventing the tilting movement of the axial slider.

  Other advantages and suitable embodiments of the invention can be referred to the description and figures.

It is longitudinal direction sectional drawing of the exhaust-gas guide part of an exhaust turbocharger provided with the guide apparatus based on this invention. It is a perspective view of the guide apparatus based on this invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the exhaust gas guide part according to FIG. 1, showing the torque acting on the guide device when positioning the axial slider to the first position. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the exhaust gas guide part according to FIG. 1, showing the torque acting on the guide device when positioning the axial slider to the second position. It is a perspective view of the guide apparatus by a prior art. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an exhaust gas guide part of an exhaust turbocharger according to the prior art comprising the guide device according to FIG. 5, showing the torque acting on the guide device when positioning the axial slider to the first position. Yes. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the exhaust gas guide part according to FIG. 6, showing the torque acting on the guide device when positioning the axial slider to the second position.

  In the figure, the same components or the same components having the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  The internal combustion engine has a machine housing including a cylinder head and a crankcase. The cylinder head is connected to an outside air system of the internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas system of the internal combustion engine.

  Cylinders are arranged in the crankcase, and each cylinder has a piston that moves in the axial direction. Furthermore, in this crankcase, the crankshaft is rotatably supported. Since each piston is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod, the associated piston force can be transmitted to the crankshaft and converted into rotational movement of the crankshaft.

  A combustion chamber for burning the fuel mixture is formed in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Each combustion chamber is delimited by an inner wall of the cylinder, a piston moving in the cylinder, and a wall of the cylinder head, and the cylinder head wall and each piston are arranged so as to face each other. Since the combustion chamber is formed so that its volume can be changed by the corresponding piston, a well-known combustion process can be executed therein.

  The cylinder head has an inlet system including an inlet port and an inlet valve, an outlet system including an outlet port and an outlet valve, and an injection system for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, and the fuel uses a fuel pump. Can be pumped from the fuel tank. Each inlet port has, in a preferred manner, at least one inlet valve, which can be opened and closed by the inlet valve, which is arranged at the end of the inlet port on the combustion chamber side. ing. When the inlet valve is open, combustion air or a fuel mixture can be sent to the combustion chamber via this inlet port. The end of the inlet port that does not face the combustion chamber is disposed in the outside air system and is connected to a recovery tank that works to reduce the flow rate.

  Each outlet port has, in a preferred manner, at least one outlet valve, which can be opened and closed by the outlet valve, which is arranged at the end of the outlet port on the combustion chamber side. ing. When the fuel mixture formed in the combustion chamber burns, exhaust gas is generated during operation of the internal combustion engine, and this exhaust gas can flow from the combustion chamber to the exhaust gas system via the outlet port.

  The outside air system has a boost air line, and a recovery tank is arranged at the end of the boost air line facing the internal combustion engine. In the boost air line, an intercooler for cooling the sucked combustion air is arranged upstream of the recovery tank. An air filter for purifying the suctioned combustion air is disposed at the other end of the boost air line that does not face the internal combustion engine.

  The exhaust gas system includes an exhaust manifold and an exhaust gas line, and the exhaust manifold includes an exhaust gas duct and a collective duct in which the exhaust gas ducts are gathered. The exhaust manifold is disposed downstream of the exhaust gas system, and one outlet port is assigned to one exhaust gas duct. The exhaust gas line is connected to the exhaust manifold at the opening of the collecting duct, and this opening is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas duct. At the end of the exhaust gas line not facing the internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system is arranged for the exhaust gas aftertreatment, which is in the form of a soot filter and / or a catalytic converter. Is formed.

  This internal combustion engine further has an exhaust gas recirculation system, and a connection line is arranged in the form of an exhaust gas recirculation line between the exhaust manifold and the recovery tank. An exhaust gas recirculation cooling device is disposed in the exhaust gas recirculation line in order to cool the recirculated exhaust gas. Adjustment of the amount of exhaust gas recirculated is performed using an exhaust gas recirculation valve.

  In order to regulate and control a number of functions, this internal combustion engine is assigned a regulation and control system. This regulation and control system makes it possible in particular to control the fuel supply and exhaust gas recirculation valves.

  An exhaust turbocharger 1 is assigned to the internal combustion engine. The exhaust turbocharger includes an air guide portion (not shown in detail) that can pass, an exhaust gas guide portion 3 that can pass, and a bearing portion. A housing 2 is included, the air guide part being arranged in an outside air system (not shown in detail) and the exhaust gas guide part 3 being arranged in an exhaust gas system (not shown in detail). .

  The exhaust turbocharger 1 has a rotating mechanism (not shown in detail), which rotates a compressor wheel for sucking and compressing combustion air, a turbine wheel for expanding exhaust gas, A shaft with a rotating shaft connecting the compressor wheel to rotate with the turbine wheel. The shaft is supported so as to rotate together with a bearing portion (not shown in detail) of the exhaust turbocharger 1 disposed between the air guide portion and the exhaust gas guide portion 3.

  A compressor wheel of the first wheel chamber is rotatably disposed in the air guide portion (not shown in detail). An inflow duct is arranged in the air guide portion upstream of the first wheel chamber, and the inflow duct and the compressor wheel are preferably arranged coaxially. This inflow duct is used for conditioning the combustion air sucked from the compressor wheel.

  Downstream of the first wheel chamber, an air duct part is formed with an outflow duct in the form of a diffuser, which is designed for conditioning the combustion air drawn from the compressor wheel and compressed. ing. The outflow duct is connected to a first spiral duct belonging to the air guide portion at an end not facing the first wheel chamber, and this spiral duct is used to provide a rotationally symmetric flow. . Furthermore, this 1st spiral duct is implemented as a connection duct between an outflow duct and the exit port formed in the air guide part.

  In an alternative embodiment of the air guide part, the air guide part has a device for changing the flow rate into the compressor wheel. By changing the inflow amount, the suctioned combustion air can be expanded, so that the compressor wheel can be operated in the cold air turbine mode.

  In order to allow the exhaust gas to flow into the exhaust gas guide portion 3, an inlet duct 4 is formed in the exhaust gas guide portion 3. The inlet duct 4 works for adjusting the state of exhaust gas during operation of the internal combustion engine, and rotates the turbine wheel. The inlet duct 4 is preferably arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis of the shaft.

  A second spiral duct 5 is arranged in the exhaust gas guide part 3 downstream of the inlet duct 4 and is used to provide a rotationally symmetric flow. A supply duct 6 is disposed in the exhaust gas guide portion 3 downstream of the second spiral duct 5, and this supply duct is generally formed for adjusting the state of the exhaust gas flow. Further, the second spiral duct 5 is also formed as a connection duct between the suction duct 4 and the supply duct 6. A second wheel chamber 7 is arranged in the exhaust gas guide part 3 downstream of the supply duct 6, and a turbine wheel (not shown in detail) is arranged in the second wheel chamber 7. ing. The supply duct 6 has an outlet cross section 8 at the end located opposite the wheel chamber 7. An outlet duct 9 is arranged in the exhaust gas guide part 3 downstream of the second wheel chamber 7.

  During operation of the internal combustion engine, the turbine wheel rotates by the load of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and the compressor wheel similarly rotates by the shaft, so that combustion air is sucked and compressed.

  Even if the internal combustion engine has a low load and a low rotational speed, and the internal combustion engine has a high load and a high rotational speed, it is arranged in the exhaust gas guide portion 3 in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of the exhaust turbocharger. The state of the exhaust gas can be adjusted by the guide device 10 formed so as to be adjustable.

As shown in FIG. 1, the guide device 10 is used to adjust the flow state of exhaust gas in a guide grill ring 11 through which exhaust gas can pass, an annular axial slider 12, and an outlet duct 9. And a contour sleeve 13 to be formed. The guide grill ring 11, the axial slider 12 and the contour sleeve 13 are arranged coaxially with the shaft. That is, the rotation axis of the shaft of the rotation mechanism corresponds to the long axis 14 of the axial slider 12. The contour sleeve 13 is arranged in the exhaust gas guide part 3 so as not to move. The guide grill ring 11 is fixedly supported by the exhaust gas guide portion 3.

  The guide grill ring 11 is disposed in the supply duct 6 so as to partially surround the turbine wheel, and the guide grill ring 11 is formed so as to protrude into the outlet cross section 8. The axial slider 12 includes a first opening 15 disposed to face the guide grill ring 11, and the guide grill ring 11 is formed so as to be inserted into the opening. The size of the outlet cross section 8 can be adjusted by the axial slider 12. Preferably, the outlet cross section 8 is small when the internal combustion engine has a low load and / or a low rotational speed, and is large when the internal combustion engine has a high load and / or a high rotational speed.

  An adjusting device 16 is assigned to the guide device 10. The adjustment device 16 includes an adjustment fork 17, a guide portion 18, a guide element 19, and an adjustment lever 20. The force acting on the adjusting lever 20 and starting the movement can be generated electrically and / or mechanically and / or pneumatically and / or hydraulically.

  The adjusting fork 17 is formed in a U shape (see FIG. 2). The first fork arm 21 formed in an arcuate shape and the second fork arm formed in an arcuate shape are connected to the guide portion 18 so as not to move at an end facing the guide portion 18. The first fork arm 21 and the second fork arm 22 are symmetrical to each other, and are convex with respect to the guide portion 18 disposed between the first fork arm 21 and the second fork arm 22. Is arranged.

The guide portion 18 has an opening 23 with a guide shaft 24 that passes completely through the guide portion 18, and this guide shaft is arranged parallel to the long axis 14. Across the guide shaft 24, the guide portion 18 has a groove-shaped engagement opening 25 on the side facing the axial slider 12.
In order to reliably guide the adjusting fork 17, the guide element 19 has a cross section formed in a complementary manner with the opening 23. Preference is given to selecting a symmetrical cross section.

  The guide element 19 is preferably formed in a cylinder shape and has an effective diameter D. In order to ensure a reliable guide, the guide element 19 is connected to the contour sleeve 13 so as not to move on the side not facing the spiral duct 5. The guide element 19 is supported in the exhaust gas guide portion 3 on the side facing the spiral duct 5, whereby deformation of the guide element 19 due to temperature fluctuation can be avoided.

  The adjusting fork 17 is arranged in a supported state on a guide element 19 which is arranged in an opening 23 which is preferably formed in a cylinder shape. By this support, a contact 26 having a length L is formed between the guide element 19 and the adjusting fork 17. In order to avoid the tilting movement of the adjusting fork 17, the effective diameter D of the guide element 19 is preferably longer in this case than the effective diameter D, in particular between the length L and the effective diameter D. The ratio L / D can be selected to be greater than 2.

  The adjustment lever 20 has a first lever arm 27 and a second lever arm 29 having a lever end 28 formed in a conical shape. The first lever arm 27 and the second lever arm 29 face each other and are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 30, and the lever end 28 is disposed on the meshing opening 25 side. The adjustment lever 20 is rotatably supported in the exhaust gas guide portion 3 by a connecting rod 30 supported by the bush 31 in order to support the adjustment force. Since the lever end 28 is formed in a conical shape, the contact between the conical lever end 28 and the meshing opening 25 is performed in the form of dots or lines, so that a movement with less friction is formed. Yes.

The lever end 28 is formed so as to be engaged in the meshing opening 25, and a forced guide of the lever end 28 is formed in the meshing opening 25.
Preferably, the lever end 28 is movably disposed and formed in the form of a slide roller, so that wear and sticking during operation can be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment fork 17 is disposed so as to surround the axial slider 12, and the first end 32 of the first fork arm 21 that does not face the guide portion 18 and The second end portion 33 of the second fork arm 22 not facing the guide portion 18 is engaged with a groove-shaped second opening 34 of the axial slider 12 surrounding the axial slider 12. It is formed as follows. A first body contact is formed between the second opening 34 and the first contact surface 35 of the first end 32 that is disposed opposite to the second opening 34. Has been. In order to act against the tilting motion of the axial slider 12, the second opening 34 and the second contact surface 36 of the second end 33 arranged opposite to the second opening 34. The second body contact is formed between the second body contact (hidden in the perspective view) and the first body contact and the second body contact are formed symmetrically with respect to the guide shaft 24. Must be.

  In order to position the axial slider 12, an adjusting force acting on the second lever arm 29 is created using an actuator. Since the adjustment lever 20 is rotatably supported, the first lever arm 27 is rotationally connected by being fixedly connected to the second lever arm 29. This rotational movement is converted into a translational movement of the adjusting fork 17 by the forced guide of the lever end 28. The adjustment fork 17 moves on the guide element 19 in the direction of the long axis 14 along the guide shaft 24. In this case, the axial slider 12 moves in the axial direction due to the first body contact and the second body contact with the adjusting fork 17.

  In order to support the lever end 28 according to the invention, the adjusting fork 17 is provided with a meshing opening, the meshing opening 25 and the first contact surface 35 and / or the second contact surface 36 being these guides. It arrange | positions so that the direction with respect to the shaft 24 may correspond. The meshing opening 25 is disposed in the guide portion 18 of the adjustment fork 17.

  FIGS. 3 and 4 show longitudinal section views of the exhaust gas guide part according to FIG. 1, and additionally torques MV, MA acting on the guide device 10 along the adjusting fork and the axial slider 12. It is filled in. FIG. 3 shows the torque generated when the axial slider 12 is positioned in the first position, the so-called open position. In this position, the outlet section 8 is fully open. FIG. 4 shows the torque generated when the axial slider 12 is positioned in the second position, the so-called closed position. In this case, the axial slider 12 is partially or completely inserted into the outlet section 8. Advantageously, in the case of the embodiment according to the invention, the torque MV applied to the adjusting fork 17 by the adjusting lever 20 completely or partially offsets the torque MA generated in the axial slider 12.

  FIG. 5 shows a guide device according to the prior art. 6 and 7 show the torque generated during positioning. As a result, the inclination tendency cannot be completely excluded by applying torque.

  Advantageously, the second opening 34 is formed in a complementary manner with the first end 32 and the second end 33 so as to secure the axial slider 12 to the adjusting fork 17. A fixed body contact by static friction between the opening 34 and the first and second ends 33 must be made.

  In another embodiment, the first fork arm 21 and the second fork arm 22 each have one groove-shaped opening disposed opposite the axial slider 12, A ring, which is partly annular and is fixedly connected to the axial slider 12 and is formed complementary to the cross-section of the groove-shaped opening, is provided so that it can be supported in this groove-shaped opening. .

  In another alternative embodiment, the adjustment fork 17 is integrally formed with the axial slider 12, and the adjustment fork 17 and the axial slider 12 are respectively 1 in the first body contact and the second body contact. Has one fixed connection.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Exhaust turbocharger 2 Housing 3 Exhaust gas guide part 4 Inlet duct 5 Second spiral duct 6 Supply duct 7 Second wheel chamber 8 Outlet cross section 9 Outlet duct 10 Guide device 11 Guide grill ring 12 Axial slider 13 Contour sleeve 14 major axis 15 first opening 16 adjusting device 17 adjusts the fork 18 guides the portion 19 guides et Remento 20 adjusting lever 21 first fork arm 22 the second fork arm 23 opening 24 guide shaft 25 mesh openings 26 contact 27 a 1 lever arm 28 lever end 29 second lever arm 30 connecting rod 31 bush 32 first end 33 second end 34 second opening 35 first contact surface 36 second contact surface

Claims (9)

An exhaust turbocharger guide device with adjustable turbine geometry,
The guide device (10) includes an axial slider (12) and an adjusting device (16) for positioning the axial slider (12).
The adjusting device (16), an adjustment fork (17), the opening including the guide shaft for supporting the guide et Remento (19) to (24) and (23), the adjusting lever comprising a lever end (28) ( 20)
The adjusting fork (17) has at least one contact surface (35, 36);
The contact surfaces (35, 36) are formed to produce body contact with the axial slider (12);
In order to support the lever end (28), the adjusting fork (17) has a meshing opening (25) ;
Guide device, characterized in that the meshing opening (25) is arranged between the guide shaft (24) and the long axis (14) of the axial slider (12).   2. Guide device according to claim 1, characterized in that the meshing opening (25) is arranged in a guide part (18) of the adjusting fork (17). 3. Guide device according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide part (18) is connected so as not to move relative to the adjusting fork (17).   The guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lever end (28) is movably arranged in the meshing opening (25). A housing (2) having an exhaust gas guide portion (3) that can pass therethrough, and a rotating mechanism with a turbine wheel rotatably supported in the housing (2);
The turbine wheel is configured to be loaded with exhaust gas;
In the exhaust gas guide part (3), an exhaust turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, in which a guide device (10) for changing a load on the turbine wheel by exhaust gas is disposed,
An exhaust turbocharger, wherein the guide device (10) is formed according to any one of claims 1-4. A contact having a length (L) is formed between the adjusting fork (17) and the guide element (19),
The guide element (19) has an effective diameter (D);
6. The exhaust turbocharger according to claim 5, wherein a ratio (L / D) between the length (L) and the effective diameter (D) is larger than 2. The guide element (19) is supported in the contour sleeve (13) on a surface not facing the second spiral duct (5);
The exhaust turbocharger according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it is supported in the exhaust gas guide part (3) on the surface facing the second spiral duct (5).   The exhaust turbocharger according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the guide element (19) and the opening (23) are formed in a cylinder shape. The adjusting fork (17) and the axial slider (12) have the first body contact and the second body contact;
The first body contact and the second body contact are arranged symmetrically with respect to the guide shaft (24) of the guide element (19), according to claim 5-8. The exhaust turbocharger according to any one of the above.

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