JP5356677B2 - Teaching materials or programs for learning monosaccharide structural formulas - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a chemical teaching material, and in particular, to a learning material or program for learning the structural formula of a monosaccharide for a total of 59 monosaccharides of aldose, ketose, and polyol.

  Inventor Ken Imorimori has published an Izumoring linkage diagram for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar, and 6-carbon sugar in Patent Document 1 and has shown its usefulness. That is, a linkage diagram connecting all monosaccharides having 4 to 6 carbon atoms by the production process and the molecular structure (D type, L type) shown in FIG. 9 is an overall view of Izumoring. That is, what can be understood from FIG. 9 is that monosaccharides are all connected with 4, 5, and 6 carbon atoms. The general view shows that the connection in Izumoring C6, the connection in Izumoring C5, the connection in Izumoring C4, and C4, C5, and C6 are all connected. This idea is important. The fermentation method is mainly used to reduce the carbon number. It is also characterized by a large linkage diagram that connects all monosaccharides with different carbon numbers. Izumoring of monosaccharides with 6 carbons (hexoses) has 34 types of monosaccharides with 6 carbons (hexoses) as shown in the lower part of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 and FIG. There are 16 types, 8 types of ketoses, and 10 types of sugar alcohols.

  Rare sugars can be defined as monosaccharides (aldoses, ketoses) and their derivatives (sugar alcohols) that rarely exist in nature. This definition is ambiguous because it is not defined by the structure or properties of sugar. That is, there is no definition of an amount such as a rare sugar that is a certain amount or less. However, in general, there are 6 types of aldoses present in nature: D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and other aldoses are defined as rare sugars. The As ketose, D-fructose exists, and other ketoses can be said to be rare sugars. Other ketoses include D-psicose, D-tagatose, D-sorbose, L-fructose, L-psicose, L-tagatose, and L-sorbose. Sugar alcohols can be produced by reducing monosaccharides, but in nature there are relatively many D-sorbitols, but the others are quantitatively small, so these are also rare sugars.

  It is known from research including the present inventors that these sugars can be converted by the reaction of oxidoreductase, the reaction of aldose isomerase, and the reaction of aldose reductase. D-glucose (dextrose) and D-fructose are sugars that exist in large amounts in nature and are inexpensive, but rare sugars could not be synthesized from them. However, a new enzyme was discovered. It originates from the discovery of a completely unexpected D-sorbose in the culture medium of a bacterium having an enzyme that synthesizes D-tagatose from galactitol. As a result of investigating the cause, it was discovered that this bacterium produces an enzyme called D-tagatose 3 epimerase (DTE) (Patent Document 2). It can be seen that this DTE is an enzyme that connects between D-tagatose and D-sorbose, which had not been linked before. Surprisingly, this DTE is an enzyme that epithelizes the 3rd position of all ketoses, and D-fructose and D-psicose, L-sorbose and L-tagatose, D-tagatose, which could not be synthesized and connected so far. It has been found to be a unique enzyme with a very broad substrate specificity of acting on D-sorbose, L-psicose and L-fructose, ie a very wide selection of substrates. With the discovery of this DTE, all monosaccharides were linked in a ring shape, and the structuring of monosaccharide knowledge was completed and named Izumoring.

Looking closely at FIG. 10, there is an L type on the left side, a D type on the right side, a DL type in the middle, and the L type and the D type are point-symmetric about the center (star) of the ring. I understand that. For example, D-glucose and L-glucose are symmetric with respect to a central point. Moreover, the value of Izumoring is that it is a blueprint for the production of all monosaccharides. The previous example shows that if you want to produce L-glucose starting from D-glucose, you can make L-glucose by isomerizing → epimerizing → reducing → oxidizing → epimerizing → isomerizing D-glucose. ing.
Using Izumoring of monosaccharides (hexoses) with 6 carbon atoms, the relationship between sugars that exist in large quantities in nature and rare sugars that exist only in trace amounts has been shown. D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, and D-galactose that can be produced from lactose in milk are classified as rare sugars that are abundant in nature and other than those that exist only in trace amounts. With the discovery of DTE, it has become possible to produce D-fructose and D-psicose from D-glucose, as well as D-allose, allitol and D-talitol. Rare sugar D-psicose has been difficult to obtain in the past, but a method for mass production of rare sugar from monosaccharides existing in large quantities in nature is being developed. it can.
Summarizing the significance of Izumoring of monosaccharides with 6 carbons (hexoses), all monosaccharides are structurally organized by the production process and molecular structure (D-type, L-type) (structure of knowledge). ), Being able to grasp the whole picture of monosaccharides, being able to select an effective and efficient approach for research, being able to design an optimal production route, and being able to foresee the missing part.

  The Izumoring of a monosaccharide having 5 carbon atoms (pentose) is a ring smaller than the Izumoring having 6 carbons, as shown in the middle of FIG. 9 and FIG. However, like C6's Izumoring, it contains 8 aldoses, 4 ketoses and 4 sugar alcohols, and all are linked by an enzymatic reaction. The difference is that everything can be linked in a ring shape only by oxidation-reduction reaction and isomerization reaction. On the other hand, it can be seen that a more efficient production path can be designed by using DTE. The characteristic of Izumoring with 5 carbon atoms is that, as is clear from FIG. 6 in particular, all monosaccharides are arranged for the point of the Izumoring of 6 carbon atoms, while the left and right are arranged for the object. Is a big feature. Since all these pentoses are linked by an enzymatic reaction, all the pentoses are structurally organized (structure of knowledge), just like Izumoring with 6 carbon atoms, and the whole picture can be grasped. It has the meaning that the effective and efficient approach of research can be selected, the optimal production route can be designed, and the missing part can be foreseen.

As shown in the upper part of FIG. 9 and FIG. 12, Izumoring of a monosaccharide having 4 carbon atoms (tetrose) has a feature that the ring is not completed due to the structural characteristics of tetrose. It has the structure of the upper half of Izumoring with 5 carbon atoms. In the case of this ring, they are linked by the same oxidation-reduction and isomerization reaction as in the case of carbon numbers 5 and 6. There is currently no reaction between ketoses because DTE does not react to ketoses with 4 carbon atoms. However, the existence of a novel epimerase is predicted and this study is currently under study.
The overall arrangement is symmetrical, as is the case with 5 carbon atoms, and includes 4 aldoses, 2 ketoses and 3 sugar alcohols. That is, the same significance as Izumoring having 5 or 6 carbon atoms exists.

D-glucose of Izumoring C6 is linked to D-arabitol of Izumoring C5 and erythritol of Izumoring C4. This line shows that D-arabitol and erythritol can be produced from D-glucose by fermentation. That is, Izumoring C6, Izumoring C5, and Izumoring C4 are connected. This linkage is mainly a reaction by the fermentation method of reducing the carbon number, and Izumoring C6 and Izumoring C5, C4 can be linked by fermentation methods other than the two conversion reactions to D-arabitol and erythritol. It is. For example, D-ribose can be produced from D-glucose.
In this way, all monosaccharides (aldoses, ketoses, sugar alcohols) having four, five, and six carbon atoms are linked by three Izumoring, and each monosaccharide is present in all monosaccharides. Can be clearly confirmed. It can be clearly confirmed that the most famous xylitol can be easily produced by reducing D-xylose which can be produced from wood of unused resources.
If a specific monosaccharide is obtained in a large amount by a biological reaction, it is possible to easily find the possibility of conversion to a new monosaccharide using it as a raw material. That is, since the position as a raw material of all monosaccharides can be surely grasped from this whole picture, a useful usage method can be designed. In particular, the utilization method when monosaccharides are obtained from waste or by-products can be easily estimated.

When monosaccharides are reduced, aldehyde groups and ketone groups become alcohol groups and polyhydric alcohols having the same number of carbon atoms, that is, sugar alcohols. Many reducing sugars are useful in the field of food and the like. For example, L-arabinose is a pentose sugar, has a taste similar to sucrose, and is a hardly absorbable non-caloric sugar. It is also known to inhibit disaccharide hydrolase that acts when disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose are absorbed into the body, and is expected to be used as a sweetener for diet and sweeteners for diabetics. . L-arabinose is also a sugar that is useful as a raw material for pharmaceutical synthesis.
In the case of obtaining reducing sugars, the natural product is obtained from its origin. For example, as a means for obtaining L-arabinose, recently, a method for producing L-arabinose in which an enzyme or an acid is allowed to act on corn fiber, gum arabic, beet pulp or the like has been developed. Crude fibers such as arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan as raw materials often exist together with pectin and unnecessary crude fibers, etc., and in the solution obtained by enzymatic degradation or acid hydrolysis. In addition to reducing sugars such as L-arabinose, pectin and crude fibers, and degradation products thereof are mixed. Regarding the method for purifying L-arabinose, a method of fractionating xylose and oligosaccharides in an L-arabinose-containing sugar solution and the desired L-arabinose by chromatography using an ion exchange resin, Chromatography with ion exchange resins for the purpose of separation, membrane treatment, and the like have been proposed.
On the other hand, with respect to the deoxy form of monosaccharides, there are few recognized as effective production methods and substances, and establishment of the production method is primarily desired.

Various projects have been made with the aim of raising interest and interest in science through many experimental experiences in response to high-school students who have been pointed out in recent years, touching the latest science and technology in Japan. There is no teaching material for understanding the linkage diagram that connects all monosaccharides with 4 to 6 carbon atoms by the production process and molecular structure (D-type, L-type), which is the overall view of Izumoring.
Conventionally, as a chemical teaching material, for example, a molecular model is cited. There are several types of molecular models, one of which is a sphere-rod-shaped molecular model. This is because a connecting hole is formed in a plurality of spheres of appropriate size according to the valence angle, and both ends of the rod are inserted into the connecting hole so that the distance between the centers of the spheres corresponds to the interatomic distance. And each sphere is connected. The other is a model called a space filling model or a Stuart model. In this structure, parts corresponding to the van der Waals radii of atoms constituting the molecule are bonded so as to match the bond radius and the valence angle.
As an improved molecular model, for example, a polyhedron such as a tetrahedron, a icosahedron, a 26-hedron, a 32-hedron, and a sphere obtained by cutting off the corners of a Plato regular polyhedron is used as the atomic representation of the atom or molecule. The standard valence angle based on the concept was used to make it easy to understand and concise, and by using a highly symmetric polyhedron, it was easy to see the symmetry of the molecule. In addition, a molecular model has been proposed in which the correspondence between the two types of sphere-rod models and the space-filling model can be easily understood, and various matters relating to the molecular structure can be learned at once (Patent Document 3).

No. 2004/063369 Japanese Patent No. 3333969 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-233900 G.E. Edelman, Spektrum Wiss. 1964 (6), 62 V. Ginsburg, Adv. Enzymol. 36, (1972), 131. G.M.W.Cook, E.W.Stoddart, “Surface Carbohydratesof the Eucaryotic Cell”, Academic Press, London, 1973 P. Albersheim, A.G. Darvill, Spektrum Wiss. 1985 (11), 86 T.W.Rademacher, R.B.Parekh, R.A.Dwek, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 57, (1988), 785 T. Reichstein, E. Weiss, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 17, (9162 [sic]), 65

A chemical formula is a notation for expressing a chemical substance in terms of elemental composition. A chemical formula representing a substance composed of molecules may be called a molecular formula, and a chemical formula representing an ionic substance may be called an ionic formula. In some cases, sometimes called chemical formulas, it is often called a molecular formula. There are cases where a chemical formula is used in association with the attribute information of a substance and a case where it is used to represent a substance as part of a chemical reaction formula.
Molecules having the same molecular formula but different structures or compounds composed of such molecules are called isomers. When molecule A1 and molecule A2 have the same molecular formula and different structures, A1 is an isomer of A2, and A2 is an isomer of A1. When a group of compounds having the same molecular formula is collectively referred to as A, both A1 and A2 are isomers of A. “L-glucose is an isomer of L-allose” is the former usage, and “there are 24 structural isomers of L-glucose” is the latter usage.

The three-dimensional structure of a chemical substance has a great influence on its physical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the three-dimensional structure when learning isomers. What is shown in Patent Document 1 is a teaching material of a molecular model for showing a molecular structure, and there is no teaching material for learning isomers as far as the inventors know. There are 34 types of monosaccharides (hexoses) with 6 carbon atoms in total, 16 types of aldoses, 8 types of ketoses, and 10 types of sugar alcohols.
A chemical formula for indicating the structure of a substance is called a structural formula. It should be noted that the structural formula is not a realistic copy of the actual structure because it is usually expressed while maintaining only the topological relationship of the structure on the plane. Usually, the structural formula is expressed as a two-dimensionally expanded chart, but the structural formula expressed in a series of character strings enclosed in parentheses based on a branching part without using a line segment that expresses a connection is It is called an expression formula.
There are the following two methods for indicating the structural formula.
(1) A method of expressing a molecular structure by connecting chemical atoms between individual atoms by a single line (single bond), double line (double bond) or triple line (triple bond).
(2) A method of expressing a molecular structure by linking characteristic groups or groups.
The structural formula is expressed using one or both of these. In other words, the formula is created by assembling groups using only the latter method.
Originally, the structural formula is not a diagram in which a solid is projected onto a plane like perspective projection, but topological information, i.e., the relative positional relationship between individual atoms and connected atoms cannot be expressed in a diagram. It is a shortcut to grasping the general structure. Various stereoscopic display methods and projection methods have been devised.

The advantage of monosaccharides is that the coordination of the OH group bonded to carbon has a unique structure and is very important as a raw material for synthesizing useful compounds such as pharmaceuticals having a chiral structure. Although its usefulness is understood, the fact that its production method has not been established is a major obstacle. Although it is superior in organic chemistry to have a chiral structure, it is extremely difficult to synthesize a compound having a specific chiral structure by an organic chemistry method. In other words, the fact that it is important for the synthesis of organic chemicals, etc. means that it is very difficult to synthesize monosaccharides with a specific chiral structure by organic chemical methods. .
With the current state of research and development of these monosaccharides, it is possible to produce rare sugars such as D-psicose and D-allose using the Izumoring strategy shown in FIG. . Specific chiral structures of monosaccharides that have not been available so far have become available as organic chemical raw materials.

Therefore, the present invention visually displays the structural formula of 34 types of isomers of a monosaccharide (hexose) having at least 6 carbon atoms, and is a molecular structure (D type, L) that is an overall view of Izumoring. The goal is to increase interest in the linkage diagram (total number of aldoses, ketoses, and polyols is 59) connecting all monosaccharides having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
In other words, the present invention grasps the structural formulas of isomers through scientifically important experiences that make those experiences unforgettable memories and inspire their own interests and motivate them to work creatively. The purpose is to provide learning materials or programs for learning monosaccharide structural formulas.

The gist of the present invention is a learning material for learning monosaccharide structural formulas described in the following (1) to (4): (1) The total number of 59 monosaccharides of aldose, ketose, and polyol is The skeleton is displayed vertically or horizontally and at least the structure having a chain carbon-carbon bond is not changed, and the asymmetric carbon constituting the skeleton includes an OH group and hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom. A movable display unit that is alternately arranged left and right or up and down centered on a carbon atom, and the movable display unit includes a OH group on the left or top and hydrogen on the right or bottom for each asymmetric carbon. Having a single position and a second position where an OH group is placed on the right or top and hydrogen is placed on the left or bottom, and the structural formula of one compound as a whole is displayed. Learning material.
(2) For each asymmetric carbon, a specific symbol or L identification symbol is displayed when it is the first position, and another specific symbol or D identification symbol that can be distinguished from the above is displayed when it is the second position. A learning material for learning monosaccharide structural formula according to (1), comprising a third display unit.
(3) The learning material for learning a monosaccharide structural formula according to (2), comprising a compound name display unit that displays a compound name corresponding to a combination of identification symbols for each carbon atom in the third display unit.
(4) For learning the monosaccharide structural formula of (1), (2) or (3), characterized by combining Izumoring linkage diagrams for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar and 6-carbon sugar Teaching material.

The gist of the present invention is the monosaccharide structural formula learning program described in the following (5) to (8).
(5) A program for causing a computer to display a skeleton of a chemical formula for a total of 59 monosaccharides in total of aldose, ketose, and polyol,
The program includes means for displaying a fixed display unit in which a structure having at least a chain-type carbon-carbon bond does not change;
The computer functions as a means for displaying a movable display unit that arranges the OH group and hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom alternately and horizontally or vertically around the carbon atom with respect to the asymmetric carbon constituting the skeleton. Let
The movable display unit has an OH group on the left or top and hydrogen on the right or bottom for each asymmetric carbon, and a second position on the right or top with OH group and hydrogen on the left or bottom. A monosaccharide structural formula learning program, wherein the structural formula of one compound is displayed as a whole.
(6) When each asymmetric carbon is in the first position, a specific symbol or L identification symbol is displayed in order, and when it is in the second position, another specific symbol or D identification symbol that can be distinguished from the above is displayed in order. (5) The monosaccharide structural formula learning program according to (5), wherein the computer functions as a means for displaying the third display unit.
(7) The computer is caused to function as a means for displaying a compound name display portion in which a compound name corresponding to a combination of identification symbols for each asymmetric carbon in the third display portion is displayed. A program for learning monosaccharide structural formulas.
(8) A computer is functioned as a means for displaying a mark on a corresponding monosaccharide in an Izumoring linkage diagram for a 4-carbon sugar, a 5-carbon sugar, and a 6-carbon sugar (5), A program for learning the monosaccharide structural formula of (6) or (7).

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the learning material or program for monosaccharide structural formula which can grasp | ascertain the structural formula of an isomer can be provided.
Since the structure of isomers can be expressed visually, it is easy to understand for beginners.
To the linkage diagram (total number of aldoses, ketoses, and polyols is 59) connecting all monosaccharides with 4 to 6 carbon atoms by molecular structure (D-type, L-type), which is an overall view of Izumoring Can raise interest.

[Total 59 monosaccharides in total of aldose, ketose, and polyol]
In the present invention, 59 types of monosaccharides shown in FIG. 9 (the Izumoring linkage diagram for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar, and 6-carbon sugar) are targeted. The total number of aldoses, ketoses and polyols is 59 as shown in FIG. However, in the case of polyol, it is displayed as two kinds of names, but it is the same substance because it overlaps when rotated 180 degrees.
FIG. 9 shows a route for producing Izumoring in which 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar, and 6-carbon sugar are linked. The Izumoring reaction is summarized below. The Izumoring reaction is a reaction using epimerization, oxidation reaction, isomerization reaction, and reduction reaction, and each will be described.
1) Epimerase reaction As shown in FIG. 9, by using DTE (D-tagatose 3-epimerase) which can produce a new monosaccharide for the first time by epithelizing the OH group at the 3-position of carbon of ketose. A total of 59 strategies have been established.
2) Oxidation reaction Izumoring is completed as a ring, and polyol plays a major role in producing all monosaccharides. That is, a process of producing ketose by oxidizing a polyol at the 2-position with a microorganism is essential. Since this reaction is a microbial reaction, it is necessary for the polyol to enter the microbial cell, where it is oxidised to the corresponding deoxyketose, mainly by the polyol dehydrogenase. It is essential that this process proceeds in Izumoring. That is, there is a pathway for producing ketose by taking a polyol into the microbial cells and specifically oxidizing the 2nd or 5th position by the polyol dehydrogenase.
3) Isomerization The isomerase reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction between carbon 1 and carbon 2 of aldose. In the isomerase reaction, various aldoses can be produced from ketose.
4) Reduction reaction As the reaction for reducing ketose to polyol, a method using yeast and an organic chemical reaction using hydrogen can be used in Izumoring. For industrial use and reliable reaction, it is advantageous if ketose can be reduced at present using a method using hydrogen with a nickel catalyst. The reduction reaction using this nickel catalyst has been confirmed in the present invention. The ketose obtained by the conventional hydrogenation method can be reduced to 16 types of sugar alcohols corresponding to each.

  This result shows that DTE reacts with ketose, that microorganisms can oxidize polyol to ketose, isomerase can isomerize ketose to the corresponding aldose, and reduction reaction can be applied to ketose production. These results clearly show that monosaccharides can be produced by the Izumoring technique, which has been very difficult until now with organic chemistry techniques. In other words, this systematically produces many sugars with many chiral structures by a new production strategy called Izumoring, and systematically removes many sugars whose properties were completely unknown. This shows that we have established a production method. The obtained results are of great industrial significance not only in the food industry but also in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries related to this.

[Chemical Formula Learning Materials / Programs]
The teaching material or program of the present invention memorizes the structural formula, which is a chemical formula for showing the structure of a substance, through the structural formula of monosaccharides that are related to isomers that can be said to be the most advanced science and technology in Japan. It is a learning material for systematic chemical formula learning that can have a scientifically important experience. Experienced students such as junior and senior high school students, high school students, university students, etc. will inspire their own interests and become fundamentally motivated to tackle things widely in general chemistry. This is a learning material or program for learning monosaccharide structural formulas that contributes to the improvement and enhancement of knowledge.

[Composition of chemical formula learning materials]
The learning material for monosaccharide structural formula of the present invention is characterized in that the structural formula of one compound is displayed as a whole, having a fixed display portion and a movable display portion.
The fixed display portion is a portion in which the structure does not change, in which a skeleton portion having at least a chain carbon-carbon bond in the structural formula of the monosaccharide is displayed vertically or horizontally.
Sugar is the first oxidation product of polyhydric alcohol and has one aldehyde group (-CHO) or one ketone group (> C = O). Sugars with aldehyde groups are classified as aldoses, and sugars with ketone groups are classified as ketoses. Generally, it is often synonymous with carbohydrates (sugars), but strictly speaking, sugar is a narrower concept than carbohydrates. In carbohydrate chemistry and molecular biology, it is often called carbohydrate or sugar instead of carbohydrate. On the other hand, it is called carbohydrate in nutrition and biochemistry, but it is gradually called carbohydrate.
Sugars are also divided by the number of carbons. If the number of carbons constituting the sugar is three, three carbon sugars (triose), if four, four carbon sugars (tetraose), if five, five carbon sugars (pentose), if six, six Carbonase (hexose), if seven, heptose (heptose). However, such names are used exclusively for monosaccharides.
When the fixed indicator is hexose, aldose is CHO—C—C—C—C—CH ₂ OH, ketose is CH ₂ OH— (C═O) —C—C—C—CH ₂ It is a part of the skeleton where the structure represented by OH does not change. Depending on the position of OH bonded to the asymmetric carbon in this fixed display part, all isomers can be displayed by aldoses and ketoses. That is, the number of isomers is determined by the position of OH bonded to the asymmetric carbon. The asymmetric carbon is called an asymmetric carbon when one carbon atom in the molecule is covalently bonded to four different atoms and atomic groups (substituents). Usually, the atoms are often omitted and only asymmetric carbon is often referred to, and the present invention follows the example.
In the case of a hexose hexose having 4 asymmetric carbon atoms, there are 16 to the 4th power of 2 isomers. In the case of a ketose with an asymmetric carbon number of 3, there are 8 cubed isomers. Because of the large number, a method that can clearly recognize the difference between all these isomers becomes important. Therefore, the carbon chain containing the fixed asymmetric carbon is usually displayed vertically, but may be displayed horizontally depending on the case.
The movable display part is a part in which for each asymmetric carbon, an OH group and hydrogen bonded to the asymmetric carbon are alternately switched left and right or up and down around the asymmetric carbon. Since it is an asymmetric carbon, that is, carbon that becomes different sugars by changing the position of OH and H bonded to this, only those bonded to the asymmetric carbon are targeted for movement of OH .
The movable display portion is made of a slide piece (for example, the first movable portion 301 to the fourth movable portion 304 in FIG. 1) in which HO and OH are displayed side by side with a blank. For example, in aldose, a chain type asymmetry is provided. For each carbon of carbon-C-C-C-C-, for ketose, asymmetric carbon-C-C-C- each carbon is passed under that carbon so that it is perpendicular to the chain. HC-OH or HO-C-H is displayed by closing one O and blank.
When the movable display unit displays the part of the skeleton whose structure does not change vertically, the first position where an OH group is placed on the left and hydrogen is placed on the right for each carbon of the chain asymmetric carbon, and on the right An OH group, and a second position where hydrogen is located on the left. When the movable display portion displays a skeleton portion whose structure does not change horizontally, a first position where an OH group is located above and hydrogen is located below each asymmetric carbon, and an OH group below and hydrogen above. Has a second position.
In aldoses, all carbons of a chain-type asymmetric carbon-C—C—C—C— and in ketose all chains of a chain-type asymmetric carbon—C—C—C——H—C—OH Alternatively, when the display of HO—C—H is completed, the structural formula of one compound as a whole is displayed on the fixed display portion and the movable display portion. For hexose, 16 types of structural formulas can be displayed for aldose and 8 types for ketose.

[Third display section]
When each asymmetric carbon is in the first position, a specific symbol or L identification symbol is displayed. When it is in the second position, another specific symbol or D identification symbol that can be distinguished from the above is displayed. In this case, the specific symbol in the first position may be distinguished from other specific symbols in the second position, and may be 1 and 2, A and B, or a and i, for example. However, D and L mean sugars D and L, and are not displayed with other symbols.
D and L are defined as D on the right side of OH bonded to the asymmetric carbon farthest from —CHO or —CH ₂ (C═O), and L on the left side. Therefore, by setting the first position to L and the second position to D, sugars D and L can be clearly recognized.
The following description of the present invention will be made with respect to an example in which an identification symbol of 1 or L is displayed for each asymmetric carbon in the case of the first position, and an identification symbol of 2 or D is displayed for the second position. .
Taking hexose as an example, the number of isomers is 16 for aldose and 8 for ketose, and it is difficult to distinguish only from the structural formula. Therefore, a sign of 1 is attached to the left and 2 is attached to the right so that each end of the HO and OH, which are displayed side by side with a blank, constituting the movable display portion, is perpendicular to the chain. When passing under the carbon and plugging one O and blank, the code on the blocked side is under the inner frame, and the code on the side displaying OH is displayed without being blocked. It is like that. When the orientation of OH bound to the asymmetric carbon far from the aldehyde group (-CHO) or ketone group (> C = O) is displayed in this structure, that is, according to Fisher's projection, there is OH on the right side. Since the case of being on the left side is defined as L, it is displayed and the sugars D and L are clearly recognized.
The structural formula of one compound is displayed as a whole on the fixed display unit and the movable display unit, and at the same time, on the third display unit, hexose is 111 L, 112 L, 121 in the case of aldose. 16 types of L, 122 L, 211 L, 212 L, 221 L, 222 L, 111 D, 112 D, 121 D, 122 D, 211 D, 212 D, 221 D, 222 D, 11 L, 12 L for ketose , 21L, 22L, 11D, 12D, 21D, and 22D are displayed.

[Compound name display part]
The compound name corresponding to the combination of identification symbols for each carbon atom in the third display part is displayed. When the structural formula of one compound is displayed on the fixed display part and the movable display part as a whole, the compound name is immediately known. However, the compound name can be easily reached through the identification symbol displayed on the third display section.
In a preferred embodiment of the chemical formula learning material according to the present invention, the fixed display unit and the movable display unit are provided in the inner frame, and the third display unit and the compound group display unit are provided outside the inner frame. The whole is contained in the outer frame. The compound name display part is a part where a monosaccharide name corresponding to the structural formula of the isomer displayed on the movable display part is displayed. A list of monosaccharide names may be posted on the compound name display section, or the monosaccharide names associated with the movable display section may be automatically displayed.
In the compound name display section, for example, for hexose, in the case of aldose, 111 L-allose, 112 L-gulose, 121 L-glucose, 122 L-galactose, 211 L-altrose, 212 L- Idose, 221 L-mannose, 222 L-talose, 111 D-talose, 112 D-mannose, 121 D-idose, 122 D-altrose, 211 D-galactose, 212 D-glucose, 221 D-gulose, 222D- In the case of 16 types of allose, in the case of ketose, 8 types of 11L-psicose, 12L-sorbose, 21L-fructose, 22L-tagatose, 11D-tagatose, 12D-fructose, 21D-sorbose and 22D-psicose are displayed.
In the case of polyol, 111 L-allitol, 112 L-glycol, 121 L-glucitol, 122 L-galactitol, 211 L-allitol, 212 L-iditol, 221 L-mannitol, 222 L-talitol, 111 D-talitol , 112 D-mannitol, 121 D-iditol, 122 D-allitol, 211 D-galactitol, 212 D-glucitol, 221 D-glycol, and 222 D-allitol are displayed.
However, in the case of polyol, it is displayed as two kinds of names, but it is the same substance because it overlaps when rotated 180 degrees.
As shown in FIG. 13, D-glucitol and L-glycol, L-talitol and L-altitol, D-glycol and L-glucitol, D-altitol and D-talitol, L-allitol and D-allitol, L -Galactitol and D-galactitol are the same substance.

  The teaching material for learning chemical formulas according to the present invention is illustrated as being produced by a plate member such as a wooden board, a paper board, or a fiber board, but can also be realized by a computer program.

[Program for learning monosaccharide structural formulas]
The teaching material for learning the chemical formula of the present invention by a computer program displays an outer frame and an inner frame, a fixed display unit, a movable display unit, a third display unit, and a compound name display unit on a screen. It has the means.
In the outer frame of the screen, data of a fixed display portion that is a skeleton of a chemical formula and has at least a chain-type carbon-carbon bond is not changed. For example, in the case of hexose, aldose is CHO-C The —C—C—C—CH ₂ OH and ketose display vertically the part of the skeleton where the structure represented by CH ₂ OH— (C═O) —C—C—C—CH ₂ OH does not change. As for the asymmetric carbon constituting the skeleton, one blank is provided on each of the carbon atoms on the left and right or top and bottom. The blank is the portion of the —C—C— bond that is common to aldoses and ketoses, that is, a chain-like asymmetric carbon in aldoses — the carbon part of C—C—C—C—, and the asymmetric carbon for ketoses— It is a part of each carbon of C—C—C—.
When the fixed indicator is hexose, aldose is CHO—C—C—C—C—CH ₂ OH, ketose is CH ₂ OH— (C═O) —C—C—C—CH ₂ It is a part of the skeleton where the structure represented by OH does not change.
The movable display part is composed of a plurality of movable parts, and each movable part has a “first position” and a “second position” as described above. However, in the computer program, the “first position” and the “second position” are switched by clicking an arbitrary blank of each movable part or the third display part. That is, an OH group or an H symbol can be entered in the pair of blanks, and the OH group and hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom can be arranged alternately on the left and right with the carbon atom as the center. A movable display unit is provided with a first position where hydrogen is arranged on the right side, an OH group on the right side and a second position where hydrogen is arranged on the left side. The chemical formula of the compound is completed. The learning program includes a third display unit that sequentially displays an identification symbol of 1 or L when it is the first position for each carbon atom and an identification symbol of 2 or D when it is the second position. .
The learning program includes a compound name display unit in which compound names corresponding to combinations of identification symbols for each asymmetric carbon in the third display unit are displayed in a list, and the corresponding compound name is marked. Features. That is, based on the configuration of the compound (structural formula) whose arrangement position has been converted, the corresponding identification code is highlighted and displayed on the screen.
In the compound name display section, a list of isomers is displayed, and only substance names corresponding to the display contents of the movable display section are highlighted. At this time, only the compound name corresponding to the display content of the movable display unit may be displayed on the screen. The display state (ON) of the compound name display unit may be configured to be switchable to a non-display state (OFF).
The apparatus for carrying out the chemical formula learning program of the present invention inputs a processing device comprising a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM, ROM, auxiliary storage device (HDD, etc.), and position information of one point on the screen. A pointing device (such as a mouse) for inputting various data and operation commands, a character information input device (such as a keyboard) for inputting various data and operation commands, and a display are provided. A so-called personal computer can be used. The OS (operating system) is not limited to a specific one, and the chemical formula learning program of the present invention can be produced by a commercially available GUI (graphical user interface) development program (for example, Visual Basic (registered trademark)). it can.

[Izumoring linkage diagram for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar and 6-carbon sugar]
The learning material or program for learning a monosaccharide structural formula of the present invention can be accompanied by an overall view or a partial view of Izumoring shown in FIGS. This is useful for systematically learning monosaccharides having many chiral structures by Izumoring.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, this embodiment shows one aspect of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention, and can be arbitrarily changed within the scope of the present invention.

[Aldose in hexose, number 16 of isomers]
1 to 2 show a learning formula “aldose” for learning a chemical formula of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the “first position” of the learning material for chemical formulas in this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the “second position” of the learning material in this embodiment. It is.
The teaching material for learning the chemical formula of Example 1 includes, in the outer frame 1, a compound group display unit 2 that displays a compound name (aldose, ketose, polyol, etc.) of a superordinate concept of the compound group, an inner frame 3, The 1st display part 100, the 2nd display part 200, the 3rd display part 300, and the compound name display part 400 are provided as main components.

The fixed display portion is a portion in which the skeleton of the structural formula is displayed vertically and the structure having at least a chain carbon-carbon bond is not changed. In the case of hexose, aldose is CHO-C-C- C—C—CH ₂ OH. In the drawing, the first display unit 100, the second display unit 200, and a part of the third display unit (first row center portion 321 to fourth row center portion 324) are configured.
In the case of aldose, the first display unit 100 displays a first group, that is, an aldehyde group (—CHO), and the display content is fixed.
The second display unit 200 displays the second terminal structure, that is, (—CH ₂ OH), and the display content is fixed.
The third display unit 300 is provided between the first display unit 100 and the second display unit 200.
The third display unit 300 includes a first movable unit 301 to a fourth movable unit 304 configured to be movable left and right, and a first row left display unit 311 that is a window that displays a chemical formula described in each movable unit. The fourth row left display unit 314, the first row right display unit 331 to the fourth row right display unit 334, and the first row center unit 321 to the fourth row center unit 324 in which display contents are fixed are configured. The
In addition, the first row central portion 321 to the fourth row central portion 324 are displayed in a state where carbon (C) bonded to carbon (C) of the first display portion 100 and the second display portion 200 is linearly bonded. Has been. That is, in the third display part 300, the fixed part is a chain-like asymmetric carbon-C-C-C-C-C part in aldose.
Further, the hydroxyl values described in the movable parts (301 to 304) are displayed in the first line left display part 311 to the fourth line left display part 314 and the first line right display part 331 to the fourth line right display part 334. The group (OH) or hydrogen (H) is displayed and is bonded to the left and right of the asymmetric carbon (C) in each central part (321 to 324).

Next, the display mode of the third display unit 300 at the “first position” and the “second position” will be described.
As described above, the first movable portion 301 to the fourth movable portion 304 are movable to the left and right, and each movable portion (301 to 304) slides to the left, and the first row left display portion 311 to the fourth row left display. The state in which the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the part 314 is the “first position”, the movable parts (301 to 304) slide to the right side, and the first line right display part 331 to the fourth line right display part. The state where hydrogen (H) is displayed at 334 is the “second position”. A specific example will be described as follows.

When the first movable portion 301 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the first line left display unit 311, and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the first line right display unit 331. Is displayed (see FIG. 1). At this time, “1” is displayed in the first row left identification symbol 341.
On the other hand, when the first movable unit 301 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the first line left display unit 311, and the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the first line right display unit 331. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 2). At this time, “2” is displayed in the first row right identification symbol 351.

When the second movable unit 302 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the second row left display unit 312 and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the second row right display unit 332. Is displayed (see FIG. 1). At this time, “1” is displayed in the second row left identification symbol 342.
On the other hand, when the second movable unit 302 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the second line left display unit 312 and hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the second line right display unit 332. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 2). At this time, “2” is displayed in the second row right identification symbol 352.

When the third movable portion 303 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the third row left display portion 313, and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the third row right display portion 333. Is displayed (see FIG. 1). At this time, “1” is displayed in the third row left identification symbol 343.
On the other hand, when the third movable unit 303 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the third line left display unit 313, and hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the third line right display unit 333. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 2). At this time, “2” is displayed in the third row right identification symbol 353.

When the fourth movable unit 304 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the fourth line left display unit 314 and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the fourth line right display unit 334. Is displayed (see FIG. 1). At this time, “L” is displayed in the fourth row left identification symbol 344.
On the other hand, when the fourth movable unit 304 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the fourth line left display unit 314, and the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the fourth line right display unit 334. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 2). At this time, “D” is displayed in the fourth row right identification symbol 354.

Next, the compound name display unit 400 will be described.
The compound name display unit 400 includes a first correspondence table 401 and a second correspondence table 402. The first correspondence table 401 displays the one in which the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (the center carbon in the last row of the third display section) is facing left (hereinafter abbreviated as L). It is what you are doing. In the second correspondence table 402, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is facing right (hereinafter abbreviated as D). It is what is displayed. That is, the first carbon atom from the end far from the aldehyde group (—CHO) or ketone group (> C═O) is labeled with L instead of 1 and D instead of 2.
In the first correspondence table 401 and the second correspondence table 402, eight monosaccharide names are described, respectively. The three-digit number written on the left side of the monosaccharide name is the above-mentioned left and right first row left identification symbol 341 to third row left identification symbol 343 and first row right identification symbol 351 to third row right. The first character of the monosaccharide name is associated with the fourth row left identification symbol 344 and the fourth row right identification symbol 354.

A procedure for associating the compound name display unit 400 with the identification symbol will be described with a specific example.
In the case of FIG. 1, the first row left identification number 341 is “1”, the second row left identification number 342 is “1”, the third row left identification number is “1”, and the fourth row left identification number 344 is “L”. ”Is displayed, the“ identification code ”including the identification symbols is“ 111L ”.
Since the last character of the “identification code” is “L”, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is facing left. You can see that you are displaying things. Therefore, referring to the first correspondence table 401 and referring to “111L” which is an “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined, the name of the structural formula of the monosaccharide corresponding to “111L” is “L-Allose”. It turns out that it is.

In the case of FIG. 2, the first row right identification number 351 is “2”, the second row right identification number 352 is “2”, the third row right identification number 353 is “2”, and the fourth row right identification number 354. “D” is displayed on the screen, the “identification code” including the identification symbols is “222D”.
Since the last character of the “identification code” is “D”, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is facing right. You can see that you are displaying things. Therefore, referring to the second correspondence table 402 and referring to “222D” that is an “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined, the name of the structural formula of the monosaccharide corresponding to “222D” is “D-Tarose”. It turns out that it is.
By referring to an “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined by the same procedure, the names of the structural formulas of 16 types of monosaccharides displayed on the compound name display unit 400 can be grasped.

[Number of polyols and isomers in hexose]
3 to 6 show the learning formula “polyol” for the chemical formula of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the “first position” of the chemical formula learning material according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the “second position” of the chemical formula learning material according to the present embodiment. FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram in which a three-dimensional structure display diagram 500 for clarifying the three-dimensional arrangement position of the hydroxyl group (OH) in the third display unit 300 is added to FIG. 3 of the present embodiment. 6 is a diagram obtained by adding a three-dimensional structure display diagram 500 for clarifying the three-dimensional arrangement position of the hydroxyl group (OH) in the third display unit 300 to FIG. 4 of the present embodiment.
In the following, the chemical formula learning material of the present embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment, and the description of the points that can be configured similarly to the first embodiment will be omitted as appropriate.

The first display unit 100 displays the first group, that is, (—CH ₂ OH), and the display content is fixed.
The second display unit 200 displays the second terminal structure, that is, (—CH ₂ OH), and the display content is fixed.
It is described in the structure of the 3rd display part 300, the 1st display part 100, the 2nd display part 200, each center part (321-324), each movable part (301-304), and each movable part (301-304). Since the bonding state of the chemical formula and the display mode of the third display unit 300 at the “first position” and the “second position” are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here.

Next, the display mode for FIGS. 5 and 6 will be described in detail.
First, when the first movable portion 301 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the first row left side display portion 311 of the first movable portion 301 and the third structure display diagram 500 of FIG. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the first row display portion 501 of one movable portion 301 is compared. Then, since a solid line is displayed on the first row display unit 501 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the first row left side display unit 311 of the first movable unit 301 is the present example. It can be seen that is in a state of protruding from the paper surface on which is drawn (see FIG. 5). On the other hand, when the first movable portion 301 is positioned at the “second position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the first row right side display portion 331 of the first movable portion 301 and the first movable portion 301 The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the one-line display portion 501 is compared. Then, since a broken line is displayed on the first line display unit 501 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the first line right side display unit 331 of the first movable unit 301 is the present example. It turns out that it is in the state which has turned to the direction of the back surface of the paper surface in which is drawn (refer FIG. 6).

  When the second movable portion 302 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the second row left side display portion 312 of the second movable portion 302 and the second movable portion of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the second row display part 502 of the part 302 is compared. Then, since a broken line is displayed on the second line display unit 502 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the second line left side display unit 312 of the second movable unit 302 is the present example. It turns out that it is in the state which has turned to the direction of the back surface of the paper surface on which (2) is drawn (refer FIG. 5). On the other hand, when the second movable unit 302 is positioned at the “second position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the second row right side display unit 332 of the second movable unit 302 and the third structure display diagram 500 of FIG. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the second row display portion 502 of the second movable portion 302 is compared. Then, since a solid line is displayed on the second row display portion 502 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the second row right side display portion 332 of the second movable portion 302 is the present embodiment. It can be seen that is in a state of protruding from the paper surface on which is drawn (see FIG. 6).

  When the third movable portion 303 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the third row left side display portion 313 of the third movable portion 303 and the third movable portion of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500 are displayed. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the third row display portion 503 of the portion 303 is compared. Then, since a solid line is displayed on the third row display portion 503 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the third row left side display portion 313 of the third movable portion 303 is the present embodiment. It can be seen that is in a state of protruding from the paper surface on which is drawn (see FIG. 5). On the other hand, when the third movable portion 303 is positioned at the “second position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the third row right side display portion 333 of the third movable portion 303 and the third structure display diagram 500 of FIG. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the third row display portion 503 of the three movable portions 303 is compared. Then, since a broken line is displayed on the third row display unit 503 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the third row right side display unit 333 of the third movable unit 303 is the present example. It turns out that it is in the state which has turned to the direction of the back surface of the paper surface in which is drawn (refer FIG. 6).

When the fourth movable portion 304 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the fourth row left display portion 314 of the fourth movable portion 304 and the fourth movable portion of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500 are displayed. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the fourth line display portion 504 of the portion 304 is compared. Then, since a broken line is displayed on the fourth row display unit 504 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the fourth row left display unit 314 of the fourth movable unit 304 is the present example. It turns out that it is in the state which has turned to the direction of the back surface of the paper surface on which (2) is drawn (refer FIG. 5). On the other hand, when the fourth movable portion 304 is positioned at the “second position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the fourth row right side display portion 334 of the fourth movable portion 304 and the third structure display diagram 500 of FIG. The hydroxyl group (OH) described in the fourth row display part 504 of the four movable parts 304 is compared. Then, since a solid line is displayed on the fourth row display unit 504 of the three-dimensional structure display diagram 500, the hydroxyl group (OH) displayed on the fourth row right side display unit 334 of the fourth movable unit 304 is the present embodiment. It can be seen that is in a state of protruding from the paper surface on which is drawn (see FIG. 6).
In addition, although the compound name display part 400 is not provided in a present Example, it is also possible to add.

[Ketose in hexose, number of isomers 8]
7 to 8 show the learning formula “ketose” for the chemical formula of the third embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the “first position” of the learning material for chemical formulas in this embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the “second position” of the learning material in this embodiment. It is. In FIGS. 7 and 8, reference numerals 301 to 303, 311 to 313, 321 to 323, and 331 to 333 that are common to FIGS.
In the outer frame 1, the learning material for learning the chemical formula of Example 3 includes a compound group name display unit 2 displaying “Ketose”, an inner frame 3 having a width, a first display unit 100, and a second display unit. A display unit 200, a third display unit 300, and a compound name display unit 400 on which eight types of ketose isomer names are displayed are provided as main components.

The fixed display portion is a portion in which the skeleton of the structural formula is displayed vertically and the structure having at least a chain carbon-carbon bond is not changed. In the case of hexose, ketose is CH ₂ OH— (C = O) a _{-C-C-C-CH 2} OH. In the drawing, the first display unit 100, the second display unit 200, and a part of the third display unit (first row center to third row center) are configured.
In the case of ketose, the first display unit 100 displays CH 2 OH— (C═O) — containing a first group, that is, a ketone group (> C═O), and the display content is fixed.
The second display unit 200 displays the second terminal structure, that is, (—CH ₂ OH), and the display content is fixed.
The third display unit 300 is provided between the first display unit 100 and the second display unit 200.
The third display unit 300 is a first row left-side display that is a window that displays the chemical formulas described in the first movable unit 301 to the third movable unit 303 configured to be movable left and right and the movable units (301 to 303). 311 to 3rd line left side display part 313 and 1st line right side display part 331 to 3rd line right side display part 333, 1st line center part 321 to 3rd line center part 323 to which display contents are fixed, Consists of
Further, in the first row central portion 321 to the third row central portion 323, the carbon (C) bonded to the carbon (C) of the first display portion 100 and the second display portion 200 is displayed in a linear state. Has been. That is, in the third display unit 300, the fixed portion is a chain-type asymmetric carbon-C—C—C— moiety in the ketose.
Further, in the first row left display portion 311 to the third row left display portion 313 and the first row right display portion 331 to the third row right display portion 333, hydroxyls described in the respective movable portions (301 to 303). The group (OH) or hydrogen (H) is displayed and is bonded to the left and right of each central carbon (C).

Next, the display mode of the third display unit 300 at the “first position” and the “second position” will be described.
As above-mentioned, the 1st movable part 301-the 3rd movable part 303 are movable to right and left, each movable part (301-303) slides to the left side, and the 1st line left display part 311-the 3rd line left display The state in which the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the part 313 is the “first position”, and the movable parts (301 to 303) slide to the right side, and the first line right display part 331 to the third line right display part. A state in which hydrogen (H) is displayed at 333 is the “second position”. A specific example will be described as follows.

When the first movable portion 301 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the first line left display unit 311, and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the first line right display unit 331. Is displayed (see FIG. 7). At this time, “1” is displayed in the first row left identification symbol 341.
On the other hand, when the first movable unit 301 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the first line left display unit 311, and the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the first line right display unit 331. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 8). At this time, “2” is displayed in the first row right identification symbol 351.

When the second movable unit 302 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the second row left display unit 312 and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the second row right display unit 332. Is displayed (see FIG. 7). At this time, “1” is displayed in the second row left identification symbol 342.
On the other hand, when the second movable unit 302 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the second line left display unit 312 and hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the second line right display unit 332. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 8). At this time, “2” is displayed in the second row right identification symbol 352.

When the third movable portion 303 is positioned at the “first position”, the hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the third row left display portion 313, and the hydrogen (H) is displayed on the third row right display portion 333. Is displayed (see FIG. 7). At this time, “L” is displayed in the third row left identification symbol 343.
On the other hand, when the third movable unit 303 is positioned at the “second position”, hydrogen (H) is displayed on the third line left display unit 313, and hydroxyl group (OH) is displayed on the third line right display unit 333. ) Is displayed (see FIG. 8). At this time, “D” is displayed in the third row right identification symbol 353.

Next, the compound name display unit 400 will be described.
The compound name display unit 400 includes a first correspondence table 401 and a second correspondence table 402. The first correspondence table 401 displays the one in which the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (the center carbon in the last row of the third display section) is facing left (hereinafter abbreviated as L). It is what you are doing. In the second correspondence table 402, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is facing right (hereinafter abbreviated as D). It is what is displayed. That is, the first carbon atom from the end far from the ketone group (> C = O) is labeled with L instead of 1 and D instead of 2.
Each of the first correspondence table 401 and the second correspondence table 402 describes four monosaccharide names. The three-digit numbers written on the left side of the monosaccharide name are the above-mentioned left and right first row left identification symbols 341 to the second row left identification symbol 342 and the first row right identification symbol 351 to the second row right. The first character of the monosaccharide name is associated with the third row left identification symbol 343 and the third row right identification symbol 353.

A procedure for associating the compound name display unit 400 with the identification symbol will be described with a specific example.
In the case of FIG. 7, “1” is displayed in the first row left identification number 341, “1” is displayed in the second row left identification number 342, and “L” is displayed in the third row left identification number. The combined “identification code” is “11 L”.
Since the last character of the “identification code” is “L”, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the chiral center at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is facing left. You can see that you are displaying things. Therefore, referring to the first correspondence table 401 and referring to “11 L”, which is an “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined, the name of the structural formula of the monosaccharide corresponding to “11 L” is “L- It turns out that it is "Allose".

In the case of FIG. 8, “2” is displayed in the first row right identification number 351, “2” is displayed in the second row right identification number 352, and “D” is displayed in the third row right identification number 353. The “identification code” combined with the identification symbol is “22 D”.
Since the last character of the “identification code” is “D”, the hydroxyl group (OH) at the center of the chiral at the bottom (center carbon in the last row of the third correspondence table) is pointing to the right. You can see that something is displayed. Therefore, referring to the second correspondence table 402 and referring to “22 D” that is an “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined, the name of the structural formula of the monosaccharide corresponding to “22 D” is “D−”. As shown in FIG.
By referring to the “identification code” in which each identification symbol is combined by the same procedure, the names of the structural formulas of the eight monosaccharides displayed on the compound name display unit 400 can be grasped.

The teaching materials of Examples 1 to 3 can be accompanied by Izumoring of FIGS. 9 to 13.
The teaching materials of Examples 1 to 3 were produced by a plate member such as a wooden board, a paper board, or a fiber board, but can also be realized by a computer program.

  The present invention is not limited to simply recognizing structural isomers of monosaccharides. That is, it can also be used to clearly recognize the reaction of monosaccharides. For example, by moving the OH at position 3 of the ketose, it is possible to directly understand the reaction in DTE. This comes from the structural advantage that there is a fixed part and only the part that changes with DTE can be moved.

  In addition, as a recognition of the reaction between monosaccharides, rather than using only one model, the process of many monosaccharides as well as Izumoring can be facilitated by using several or many models. It is possible to recognize. That is, not only a single model but also a combination of a plurality of models is not only useful for structural learning of isomers but also for understanding sugar conversion and metabolism. By using these combined techniques and combining with Izumoring, an effective and efficient monosaccharide conversion plan is useful for discussing metabolic experiments and creating ideas.

The report released by Toray Management Research Institute, Inc. is indispensable for Japan to take away from science. (1) Improvement of science and technology literacy for all citizens, (2) 21st-century “science mind” (3) Reform science and mathematics education, make science part of culture and culture, (4) `` Science performer '' (search for important work from scientific research and discovery, (5) Realistic experiment experience, (6) Improving the status and treatment of science, (7) A long-term timeline with activities that connect science and technology and society as a national policy It is recommended that it is important to promote it.
The teaching material or program of the present invention memorizes the structural formula, which is a chemical formula for showing the structure of a substance, through the structural formula of monosaccharides that are related to isomers that can be said to be the most advanced science and technology in Japan. It is a learning material for systematic chemical formulas that allows you to have a scientifically important experience.Experiences such as junior and senior high school students, high school students, and university students will expand their interests and It is expected to contribute to the improvement and enhancement of basic knowledge regarding the understanding of the structural formula of isomers so that it can motivate creative work in general.

It is a figure for demonstrating "the 1st position" of the learning material "Aldose" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating "the 2nd position" of the learning material "Aldose" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating "the 1st position" of the learning material "Polyol" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating "the 2nd position" of the learning material "Polyol" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the three-dimensional structure in the "first position" of the learning material "Polyol" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the three-dimensional structure in the "2nd position" of the learning material "Polyol" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the three-dimensional structure in the "first position" of the learning material "Kosese" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the three-dimensional structure in the "2nd position" of the learning material "Kosese" of the chemical formula concerning embodiment of this invention. A route for producing Izumoring in which tetrasaccharide, pentasaccharide and hexasaccharide are linked is shown. A route for producing Izumoring with hexasaccharide linkage is shown. The path | route which manufactures Izumoring which pentasaccharide cooperated is shown. The path | route which manufactures Izumoring which tetrasaccharide cooperated is shown. Explanatory drawing of structural formula and set Izumoring C6 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer frame body 2 Compound group display part 3 Inner frame body 100 1st display part 200 2nd display part 300 3rd display part 301 1st movable part 302 2nd movable part 303 3rd movable part 304 4th movable part 311 1st 1st line left display part 312 2nd line left display part 313 3rd line left display part 314 4th line left display part 321 1st line center part 322 2nd line center part 323 3rd line center part 324 4th line center part 331 First row right display portion 332 Second row right display portion 333 Third row right display portion 334 Fourth row right display portion 341 First row left identification symbol 342 Second row left identification symbol 343 Third row left identification symbol 344 Fourth row left identification symbol 351 First row right identification symbol 352 Second row right identification symbol 353 Third row right identification symbol 354 Fourth row right identification symbol 400 Compound name display 401 First correspondence table 402 Second correspondence table 500 3D structure display diagram 50 1 First row display diagram 502 Second row display diagram 503 Third row display diagram 504 Fourth row display diagram

Claims (8)

  For the total 59 monosaccharides of aldose, ketose, and polyol, the skeleton of the structural formula is displayed vertically or horizontally, and the skeleton is configured with a fixed display portion that does not change the structure having at least a chain carbon-carbon bond An asymmetric carbon having an OH group and a hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom and alternately moving left and right or up and down around the carbon atom. Each has a first position where an OH group is placed on the left or top and hydrogen is placed on the right or bottom, and a second position where an OH group is placed on the right or top and hydrogen is placed on the left or bottom. A learning material for learning a monosaccharide structural formula, wherein the structural formula of the compound is displayed.   A third display in which a specific symbol or L identification symbol is displayed for each asymmetric carbon in the first position, and another specific symbol or D identification symbol that can be distinguished from the above in the second position. The learning material for learning monosaccharide structural formula according to claim 1, further comprising:   The learning material for learning monosaccharide structural formula according to claim 2, further comprising a compound name display unit for displaying a compound name corresponding to a combination of identification symbols for each asymmetric carbon of the third display unit.   The teaching material for learning monosaccharide structural formulas according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by combining Izumoring linkage diagrams for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar and 6-carbon sugar. A program for causing a computer to display a skeleton of a chemical formula for a total of 59 monosaccharides of aldose, ketose, and polyol,
The program includes means for displaying a fixed display unit in which a structure having at least a chain-type carbon-carbon bond does not change;
The computer functions as a means for displaying a movable display unit that arranges the OH group and hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom alternately and horizontally or vertically around the carbon atom with respect to the asymmetric carbon constituting the skeleton. Let
The movable display unit has an OH group on the left or top and hydrogen on the right or bottom for each asymmetric carbon, and a second position on the right or top with OH group and hydrogen on the left or bottom. A monosaccharide structural formula learning program, wherein the structural formula of one compound is displayed as a whole. A specific symbol or L identification symbol is displayed in order when each asymmetric carbon is in the first position, and another specific symbol or D identification symbol that can be distinguished from the above is displayed in the second position. 6. The computer program for learning a monosaccharide structural formula according to claim 5, wherein the computer functions as means for displaying the three display units. 7. A monosaccharide structure according to claim 6, wherein the computer functions as a means for displaying a compound name display part in which a compound name corresponding to a combination of identification symbols for each asymmetric carbon in the third display part is displayed. A program for learning expressions. The computer is caused to function as means for displaying a mark on a corresponding monosaccharide in an Izumoring linkage diagram for 4-carbon sugar, 5-carbon sugar, and 6-carbon sugar. Program for learning monosaccharide structural formulas.