JP5356973B2 - Water pressure reducing device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic pressure reducing device.

  Generally, in a plant having a large movable mechanism such as a generator, a facility for cooling a movable part that generates heat is required. As a cooling method, for example, water cooling in which cooling water is allowed to flow through a metal pipe provided in such a heat generating portion to cool the same portion is effective. In particular, when there is a cooling water supply source at a position higher than the same plant near the plant, if the potential energy obtained by this height difference is used, the operation source is hardly incurred and the supply source (upstream side) is used. It is possible to guide the cooling water to the plant (downstream side) and to flow the cooling water at a predetermined water pressure through a pipe provided at the heat generation point.

  However, if the water pressure of the cooling water in the plant is too high because of the large difference in height described above, there is a risk that the piping, the object to be cooled (heat generation location), etc. will be damaged by this water pressure. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a decompression means for decompressing the cooling water between the upstream side and the downstream side of the cooling water until a predetermined water pressure necessary and sufficient for cooling is obtained. Specifically, this decompression means is, for example, a valve body or the like provided in the pipe, and by adjusting the size of the opening portion in the pipe with this valve body, the friction of the cooling water passing through the opening portion is reduced. The cooling water is reduced to the above-mentioned predetermined water pressure through pressure loss due to collision or the like.

JP-A-9-97117

  However, in the pressure reduction by the pressure reducing means described above, the positional energy of the cooling water generated due to the difference in the angle of bending is also the thermal energy, vibration energy, etc. due to the friction or collision described above, except for obtaining the downstream water pressure. Therefore, such heat energy and vibration energy that are difficult to effectively use have been wasted.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and the object of the present invention is to reliably depressurize the water on the upstream side before reaching the downstream side, and efficiently use the energy of the water corresponding to this depressurized portion. There is to use.

  The invention for solving the above-described problems includes a first water turbine that reduces the water pressure from the upstream side, a pressure reducing device that reduces the water pressure downstream of the first water wheel, and a bypass pipe connected to the pressure reducing device. And when the rotation speed of the first water wheel is less than a predetermined rotation speed, the first water wheel and the pressure reducing device are connected, and when the rotation speed of the first water wheel is equal to or higher than the predetermined rotation speed, A switching device that connects the first water wheel and the bypass pipe is provided, and water flowing out from the pressure reducing device or the bypass pipe is supplied to the cooled mechanism as cooling water for cooling the cooled mechanism. This is a hydraulic pressure reducing device.

  According to this hydraulic pressure reducing device, when the rotational speed of the first water turbine is equal to or higher than the predetermined rotational speed, the potential energy that the upstream water has with respect to the downstream side is converted into the rotational energy of the first turbine. Accordingly, the water on the upstream side can be reduced in pressure to cool the cooled mechanism. That is, the upstream water can be depressurized to a water pressure suitable for cooling the cooled mechanism, and potential energy corresponding to the depressurized amount of the water can be obtained as rotational energy with high utilization efficiency. On the other hand, when the rotation speed of the first water turbine is less than the predetermined rotation speed, the decompression capability of the first turbine is supplemented by the decompression capability of the decompression device, thereby reducing the upstream water and cooling the cooled mechanism. Can be used for cooling water. That is, upstream water can be reduced to a water pressure suitable for cooling the cooled mechanism, and rotational energy corresponding to the rotational speed of the first water turbine can be obtained. From the above, the first turbine has the potential energy that maintains the downstream water, for example, at a predetermined water pressure, and the upstream water has the downstream relative to the downstream, with the predetermined rotation speed serving as a reference for switching the switching device described above. By setting the optimal number of rotations for efficient conversion to rotational energy, the water on the upstream side is reliably decompressed before reaching the downstream side, and the water energy corresponding to this decompression is used efficiently. it can.

  The invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes a first water turbine that reduces the water pressure from the upstream side, a first generator that generates electric power in accordance with the rotation of the first water wheel, and the first power generation. A detector for detecting the power generation amount of the machine, a pressure reducing device for reducing the water pressure downstream of the first water turbine, a bypass pipe connected to the pressure reducing device, and a detection result of the detector, When the power generation amount of the first generator is less than a predetermined power generation amount, the first turbine is connected to the pressure reducing device, and when the power generation amount of the first generator is equal to or greater than the predetermined power generation amount, The first water turbine and a switching device for connecting the bypass pipe are provided, and water flowing out from the pressure reducing device or the bypass pipe is supplied to the cooled mechanism as cooling water for cooling the cooled mechanism. It is a hydraulic pressure reducing device.

  According to this water pressure reducing device, the predetermined power generation amount that serves as a reference for switching the switching device described above is used to maintain the downstream water at a predetermined water pressure, for example, and the potential energy that the upstream water has relative to the downstream side. Is set to an optimum power generation amount for efficiently converting the electric energy into the electric energy (power generation amount) of the first generator via the rotational energy of the first water turbine, so that the upstream water reaches the downstream side. The pressure can be reliably reduced by the time and the energy of water corresponding to the reduced pressure can be efficiently used as the power generation amount of the first generator.

  Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings and the description of this specification.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reliably depressurize the water on the upstream side before reaching the downstream side, and to efficiently use the energy of water corresponding to this depressurized amount.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the hydraulic power unit provided with the hydraulic pressure reduction apparatus concerning this embodiment and the hydraulic pressure reduction apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the structure which manages operation | movement of the hydraulic pressure reduction apparatus concerning this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the control part at the time of starting the hydraulic power unit concerning this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the mode of the water flow and water pressure in a water pressure decompression device when the electric power generation amount of the 1st generator concerning this embodiment is slight. It is a figure explaining the mode of the water flow and water pressure in a water pressure decompression device when the power generation amount of the 1st power generator is less than predetermined power generation amount. It is a figure explaining the mode of the water flow and water pressure in a water pressure decompression device when the power generation amount of the 1st generator is more than predetermined power generation amount.

At least the following matters will become apparent from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.
A configuration example of the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 according to the present embodiment and a hydroelectric generator 1 including the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10, and FIG. 2 is a configuration that controls the operation of the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10. It is a block diagram which shows an example.

  The hydraulic pressure reducing apparatus 10 is generally applied to an apparatus having a water supply pipe that supplies upstream water to the downstream side by using the potential energy of water due to the height difference. In the present embodiment, the hydraulic power generation apparatus 1 is used. The case where it applies to is demonstrated. The hydroelectric generator 1 generates power using the energy of water guided from a water tank (not shown) located higher than the hydroelectric generator 1. Specifically, the hydroelectric generator 1 connects between a hydraulic iron pipe 6 (main water pipe) that guides water from the water storage tank and a casing 3 that is provided in the hydraulic iron pipe 6 and stores the second water turbine 2. Alternatively, the hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 7 to be shut off, the second generator 5 (cooled mechanism) connected to the second water turbine 2, and the auxiliary iron pipe 6 branched from the hydraulic iron pipe 6 are provided with the hydraulic iron pipe 6 and the water pressure. A sub-water pipe inlet valve 9 (valve) for connecting or blocking between the pressure reducing device 10, a water pressure reducing device 10 described below, and a draft tube 4 for discharging water after the second water turbine 2 is rotated. It has. The second generator 5 described above includes a generator coil (not shown) and a rotor (not shown) for generating power, a main shaft 5a connecting the rotor and the second water turbine 2, and the main shaft 5a. And a cooling water pipe 105 that guides the cooling water to a location to be cooled such as a bearing portion or a generator coil. The cooling water pipe 105 is connected to the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 on the upstream side via the sub-water pipe 104, and connected to the draft tube 4 via the drain pipe 106 on the downstream side. A flow meter 11 for measuring the flow rate of the cooling water is provided. Further, a check valve 8 for preventing a backflow between the hydraulic iron pipe 6 and the auxiliary water pipe inlet valve 9 is provided between the hydraulic iron pipe 6 and the auxiliary water pipe inlet valve 9 in the auxiliary water pipe 101 described above.

  The water pressure reducing device 10 is interposed between the sub water pipe inlet valve 9 and the cooling water pipe 105, and reduces the water pressure upstream of the water pressure reducing device 10 in the sub water pipe 101 to an appropriate predetermined water pressure as cooling water. . Specifically, the water pressure reducing device 10 includes a first water wheel 110, a first generator 111, a detector 112, a pressure reducing device 115, a bypass pipe 103, a switching valve (switching device) 114, And a control unit (switching device) 20 (FIG. 2), and further includes a strainer 113 for removing dust and the like contained in water.

The first water wheel 110 is, for example, a micro water wheel provided in the sub water pipe 101, and rotates the sub water pipe 101 by the water pressure of water flowing from the side of the sub water pipe inlet valve 9, and reduces the water pressure by this rotation.
The first generator 111 includes a rotor (not shown) connected to the first water turbine 110 and a generator coil (not shown). As the first turbine 110 rotates, the generator coil In contrast, the rotor rotates to generate electricity. The first generator 111 may be provided inside the first water wheel 110.

The detector 112 is a voltmeter, for example, and detects the power generation amount of the first generator 111.
The switching valve 114 is, for example, a three-way valve provided at a branch point where the sub-water pipe 102 and the bypass pipe 103 branch from the sub-water pipe 101, and the sub-water pipe 101 and only one of the sub-water pipe 102 and the bypass pipe 103 are connected. Selectively connect.
The decompression device 115 is, for example, an automatic decompression valve provided in the auxiliary water pipe 102, and reduces the water pressure of water flowing through the auxiliary water pipe 102 from the switching valve 114 side to a predetermined water pressure.

  The bypass pipe 103 is a pipe that bypasses the water flowing from the sub-water pipe 101 to the downstream side of the decompression device 115, and specifically, after branching from the sub-water pipe 102 provided with the decompression device 115 by the switching valve 114, A secondary water pipe 104 is joined to the secondary water pipe 102. The secondary water pipe 104 is connected to the cooling water pipe 105 as described above.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the control unit 20 performs overall control of the detector 112, the auxiliary water pipe inlet valve 9, the switching valve 114, the hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 7, and the flow meter 11 described above. It is. Here, the secondary water pipe inlet valve 9, the switching valve 114, and the hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 7 are, for example, electromagnetic valves.
The control unit 20 includes a CPU and a memory (not shown), and executes processing related to the operation of the water pressure reducing device 10 described later based on a predetermined program stored in the memory.

  An example of operation of the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the control unit 20 when starting the hydroelectric generator 1. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the state of water flow and water pressure in the water pressure decompression device 10 when the power generation amount of the first power generator 111 is slight. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the state of water flow and water pressure in the water pressure reducing apparatus 10 when the power generation amount of the first generator 111 is less than the predetermined power generation amount. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the state of water flow and water pressure in the water pressure reducing apparatus 10 when the power generation amount of the first generator 111 is equal to or greater than the predetermined power generation amount.

  The white arrows illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6 indicate the traveling direction of water at each point from the upstream side to the downstream side of the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 by the direction of the arrow, and the magnitude of the water pressure is large and small. The trend is represented by the thickness of the arrow. The bold arrows representing the rotation of the first water wheel 110 illustrated in each of FIGS. 4 to 6 indicate the tendency of the rotation speed of the first water wheel 110 depending on the length thereof. . Furthermore, the polygonal lines representing the water pressure illustrated in each of FIGS. 4 to 6 are for understanding the relative tendency of the water pressure at each location of the water pressure reducing device 10.

  First, as an initial state, the sub-water pipe inlet valve 9 is in a closed state to shut off the hydraulic iron pipe 6 and the water pressure reducing device 10, and the switching valve 114 connects the first water wheel 110 and the pressure reducing device 115. It is assumed that the hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 7 is in a closed state, and that the water tank and the casing 3 are blocked. That is, the hydroelectric generator 1 is in a stopped state.

  As illustrated in FIG. 3, when starting the hydroelectric generator 1, the control unit 20 opens the auxiliary water pipe inlet valve 9 (S <b> 100). In this state, water flows through the first water wheel 110 and the pressure reducing device 115 as indicated by the white arrow in FIG. However, in the transient state immediately after the auxiliary water pipe inlet valve 9 is opened, the first generator 111 starts power generation with the start of the rotation of the first turbine 110, and the first turbine 110 Since the downstream water pressure has just started to be reduced, the amount of water reduced by the first water wheel 110 is slight. Therefore, the decompression device 115 decompresses the water from the first water turbine 110 and causes the water to flow into the sub-water pipe 104. That is, as indicated by the broken line representing the water pressure in FIG. 4, the first water pressure corresponding to the height difference between the water tank and the second water turbine 2 is maintained up to, for example, the pressure reducing device 115, and then the pressure reducing device 115. The pressure is reduced to a predetermined water pressure (= (first water pressure) −ΔP (target pressure reduction value)). The predetermined water pressure means a water pressure that can efficiently cool the cooled portion without damaging the cooling water pipe 105, the cooled portion of the second generator 5, or the like. From the above, the water pressure reducing device 10 can reliably reduce the pressure of the upstream water until it reaches the downstream side to obtain cooling water.

  As illustrated in FIG. 3, the control unit 20 determines whether or not the power generation amount of the first generator 111 detected by the detector 112 has reached a predetermined power generation amount (S101). The predetermined power generation amount is a reference power generation amount for switching the rotation of the first water turbine 110 from the transient state described above to the steady state described later while maintaining the water on the side of the secondary water pipe 104 at the predetermined water pressure. It is.

  When it determines with the electric power generation amount of the 1st generator 111 being less than predetermined electric power generation amount (S101: No), the control part 20 performs the process of step 101 again. Here, for example, in a state immediately before the power generation amount of the first generator 111 reaches a predetermined power generation amount, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 5, the water passes through the first water wheel 110 and the decompression device 115. This is the same as in the case of FIG. 4 described above. However, in the case of FIG. 5, the first water pressure on the upstream side of the first water wheel 110 is the same as that of the first water wheel 110 because the rotational speed of the first water wheel 110 becomes larger than that in the case of FIG. 4 described above. After the pressure is reduced to the second water pressure on the downstream side of the water wheel 110, the pressure is reduced to a predetermined water pressure by the pressure reducing device 115.

  When it determines with the electric power generation amount of the 1st generator 111 being more than predetermined electric power generation amount (S101: Yes), the control part 20 switches the direction of the switching valve 114, and makes the 1st water turbine 110 and the bypass pipe 103 switch. Connect (S102). In this state, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 6, water flows through the first water wheel 110 but does not flow into the decompression device 115. In addition, since the first water turbine 110 is in a steady state rotating at a rotational speed corresponding to a predetermined power generation amount, the first water pressure on the upstream side of the first water turbine 110 is changed to the predetermined water pressure on the downstream side only by the first water turbine 110. The pressure is reduced to.

  That is, in step S101: Yes described above, when the rotational speed of the first water turbine 110 is equal to or higher than the predetermined rotational speed corresponding to the predetermined electric energy, the potential energy corresponding to the target reduced pressure value ΔP is rotated. By converting the electric energy into the electric energy (the amount of power generated by the first generator 111) via the energy, the water having the first water pressure on the upstream side can be converted into the cooling water having the predetermined water pressure on the downstream side. That is, upstream water can be reduced to a predetermined water pressure, and potential energy corresponding to ΔP is obtained as the power generation amount of the first generator 111. On the other hand, when the rotation speed of the first water wheel 110 is less than the predetermined rotation speed corresponding to the predetermined power amount in Step S101: No described above, the pressure reduction capability of the first water wheel 110 is supplemented with the pressure reduction capability of the pressure reduction device 115. Accordingly, the water having the first water pressure on the upstream side can be changed to the cooling water having the predetermined water pressure on the downstream side. That is, the upstream water can be reduced to a predetermined water pressure, and electric energy corresponding to the rotational speed of the first water wheel 110 is obtained as the amount of power generated by the generator 111. From the above, the predetermined power generation amount serving as a reference for switching the switching valve 114 described above is used to maintain the predetermined water pressure on the downstream side and the positional energy corresponding to ΔP to the first energy via the rotational energy of the first turbine 110. By setting the optimum power generation amount for efficient conversion to the electrical energy (power generation amount) of the generator 111, the water on the upstream side is surely decompressed before reaching the downstream side, and this is equivalent to this decompression. Water energy can be efficiently used as the power generation amount of the first generator 111.

Next, the control unit 20 determines whether or not the flow rate of the cooling water in the cooling water pipe 105 measured by the flow meter 11 has reached a predetermined flow rate (S103). The predetermined flow rate is a flow rate of cooling water necessary for cooling the portion to be cooled of the second generator 5.
When it determines with the flow volume of the cooling water in the cooling water piping 105 being less than predetermined flow volume (S103: No), the control part 20 performs the process of step 103 again.

When it determines with the flow volume of the cooling water in the cooling water piping 105 being more than predetermined flow volume (S103: Yes), the control part 20 opens the hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 7. FIG. As a result, the cooling water is cooling the portion to be cooled of the second generator 5 and the second water turbine 2 is rotated to start the second generator 5. The operation of the hydroelectric generator 1 can be started while being suppressed.
In such a hydraulic power generation apparatus 1, since the hydraulic pressure reducing apparatus 10 is provided, the power generation amount of the first generator 111 can be obtained in addition to the power generation amount of the second generator 5. The operating cost of the power plant that manages the power can be reduced.

  Note that the above-described hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 is configured such that, even if, for example, the rotational speed of the first water turbine 110 is reduced due to a failure or the like, the power generation amount of the first generator 111 is set to a predetermined power generation amount according to the decrease. When it is determined that the pressure has become less than that, the switching valve 114 is switched so that the reduced pressure reducing capability of the first water wheel 110 is supplemented by the pressure reducing capability of the pressure reducing device 115, thereby reliably reducing the cooling water to the cooling water pipe 105. It may be like this.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the water pressure reducing device 10 includes the first generator 111 and the detector 112, and the switching valve 114 is selected according to the power generation amount of the first generator 111 detected by the detector 112. Switching control. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a detector such as a pulse encoder or a counter for detecting the rotational speed of the first turbine 110 is provided, and the first turbine 110 detected by the detector is detected. Switching control of the switching valve 114 may be performed according to the number of rotations.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the rotation of the first water wheel 110 is used for power generation in addition to pressure reduction, but is not limited to this, and this rotational energy is converted to other than electric energy. May be.

  The above-described embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

  In the above-described embodiment, the hydraulic pressure reducing device 10 is applied to the hydroelectric generator 1, but is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention can be applied to a plant provided with a movable mechanism that requires cooling, a device including water conveyance, water supply, and water distribution pipes such as waterworks and industrial water.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydroelectric power generation device 2 2nd water turbine 3 Casing 4 Draft tube 5 2nd generator 6 Hydraulic iron pipe 7 Hydraulic iron pipe inlet valve 8 Check valve 9 Sub-water pipe inlet valve 10 Hydraulic pressure reduction apparatus 11 Flowmeter 20 Control part 101,102 104 Sub-water pipe 103 Bypass pipe 105 Cooling water pipe 106 Drain pipe 110 First water turbine 111 First generator 112 Detector 113 Strainer 114 Switching valve 115 Pressure reducing device

Claims (5)

A first water wheel for reducing the water pressure from the upstream side;
A pressure reducing device for reducing the water pressure downstream of the first water wheel;
A bypass pipe connected to the pressure reducing device;
When the rotation speed of the first water wheel is less than a predetermined rotation speed, the first water wheel is connected to the pressure reducing device, and when the rotation speed of the first water wheel is equal to or higher than the predetermined rotation speed, A switching device for connecting the one water wheel and the bypass pipe,
Water flowing out from the pressure reducing device or the bypass pipe is supplied to the cooled mechanism as cooling water for cooling the cooled mechanism. The switching device is configured so that the valve on the upstream side of the first water wheel is opened and the first water wheel and the pressure reducing device are connected to the first water wheel according to the rotation speed of the first water wheel from an initial state where the first water wheel and the pressure reducing device are connected. The water pressure reducing device according to claim 1, wherein the water wheel and the pressure reducing device, or the first water wheel and the bypass pipe are selectively switched. A first water wheel for reducing the water pressure from the upstream side;
A first generator for generating electricity in response to rotation of the first water wheel;
A detector for detecting a power generation amount of the first generator;
A pressure reducing device for reducing the water pressure downstream of the first water wheel;
A bypass pipe connected to the pressure reducing device;
According to the detection result of the detector, when the power generation amount of the first generator is less than a predetermined power generation amount, the first water turbine and the pressure reducing device are connected, and the power generation amount of the first generator A switching device that connects the first water turbine and the bypass pipe when the power generation amount is greater than or equal to the predetermined power generation amount,
Water flowing out from the pressure reducing device or the bypass pipe is supplied to the cooled mechanism as cooling water for cooling the cooled mechanism. The switching device is configured so that the valve on the upstream side of the first water wheel is opened and the first water turbine and the pressure reducing device are connected to each other in accordance with the amount of power generated by the first generator from the initial state. The water pressure reducing device according to claim 3, wherein one water wheel and the pressure reducing device, or the first water wheel and the bypass pipe are selectively switched. The first water turbine depressurizes the water pressure flowing through the sub-water pipe branched from the main water pipe,
The said to-be-cooled mechanism is a 2nd generator which produces electric power according to rotation of the 2nd water turbine to which the water which flows through the said main water pipe is supplied. The Claim 1 thru | or 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Water pressure reducing device.

Images