JP5366187B2

JP5366187B2 - Apparatus and method for detecting object by radio wave

Info

Publication number: JP5366187B2
Application number: JP2008259773A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 定生島津
Original assignee: NEC Network and Sensor Systems Ltd
Current assignee: NEC Network and Sensor Systems Ltd
Priority date: 2008-10-06
Filing date: 2008-10-06
Publication date: 2013-12-11
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-06
Also published as: JP2010091326A

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable detection of an object being present in the sky, by utilizing a radio wave originating in space. <P>SOLUTION: In a disclosed system for detecting the object by the radio wave, the radio wave 1 originating in the space is received by a radio telescope 3. An electronic computer 4 compares a radio wave reception level value of each position coordinates in the sky received by the radio telescope 3 with the radio wave reception level value of the same coordinates stored in a database 5 and computes that a shadow which is formed by the object 2 interrupting the radio wave 1 originating in the space is present at the position of the coordinates where the radio wave reception level value is smaller than an ordinary one. Based on the results of detection of the object 2 obtained by the computation of the electronic computer 4, a display unit 6 displays the ratio of the radio wave reception level value of each position coordinates in the sky by expressing it with a color or a shade, for instance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、電波によって物体を検出する装置および方法に係り、特に宇宙由来の電波を物体が遮ることによって生じる影によって物体を検出しようとするものであって、レーダの反射波では検出できなかった物体を検出可能にするものである。 The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting an object using radio waves, and particularly to detect an object by a shadow generated by the object blocking a radio wave derived from space, and could not be detected by a reflected wave of a radar. An object can be detected.

従来、電波を利用して物体を検出する装置としては、レーダが一般に用いられていた。レーダは、指向性を有する電波をアンテナから放射して、物体からの反射波をアンテナで受信して観測することによって、物体の方位と距離を計測するものである。
近年において、レーダ検出回避技術の進歩によって、レーダ電波の反射率が著しく小さい物体の製造が可能になり、従来のレーダでは検出できない航空機等の物体が実現している。 Conventionally, a radar is generally used as an apparatus for detecting an object using radio waves. Radar measures the azimuth and distance of an object by radiating directional radio waves from an antenna and receiving and observing a reflected wave from the object with the antenna.
In recent years, with the advancement of radar detection avoidance technology, it has become possible to manufacture objects with extremely low radar radio wave reflectivity, and have realized objects such as aircraft that cannot be detected by conventional radar.

図４は、従来の電波による物体の検出装置を示したものである。図において、１１はレーダアンテナ、１２はレーダアンテナ１１からの放射電波、１３は検出対象の物体、１４は物体１３からの反射電波、１５は受信器、１６は表示器をそれぞれ示している。 FIG. 4 shows a conventional object detection apparatus using radio waves. In the figure, 11 is a radar antenna, 12 is a radiated radio wave from the radar antenna 11, 13 is an object to be detected, 14 is a reflected radio wave from the object 13, 15 is a receiver, and 16 is a display.

レーダアンテナ１１は、放射電波１２を送出し、放射電波１２に応じて物体１３から送り返された反射電波を受けとる。受信器１５は、受信した反射電波を検波，増幅して受信信号を生成する。表示器１６は、受信器１５からの受信信号に応じて、所定の形式による表示を行う。 The radar antenna 11 transmits a radiated radio wave 12 and receives a reflected radio wave sent back from the object 13 according to the radiated radio wave 12. The receiver 15 detects and amplifies the received reflected radio wave to generate a reception signal. The display 16 performs display in a predetermined format in accordance with the received signal from the receiver 15.

図４に示されたような、レーダ電波の反射を利用した物体の検出装置においては、次のような課題があった。
すなわち、被検出物体の電波反射率が著しく小さい場合は、反射波の強度が小さいため、物体の検出が不可能であった。 The object detection apparatus using the reflection of radar radio waves as shown in FIG. 4 has the following problems.
That is, when the radio wave reflectance of the object to be detected is extremely small, the intensity of the reflected wave is small, so that the object cannot be detected.

これに対して、特許文献１に開示された物体検出装置においては、送信手段を設けることなく、物体の有無，移動，移動方向，移動速度，形状，数量及びこれらについての時間情報を検出する。アンテナ装置は、ＧＰＳ（Global Positioning System)人工衛星から送信されてくる電波を受信し得る機能を有し、物体によって、ＧＰＳ人工衛星から送信された電波の受信が遮断されたとき、検知信号を出力する。信号処理装置は、アンテナ装置から供給された検知信号により物体を検出する。 On the other hand, in the object detection device disclosed in Patent Document 1, the presence / absence of an object, movement, movement direction, movement speed, shape, quantity, and time information about these are detected without providing a transmission means. The antenna device has a function to receive radio waves transmitted from GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites, and outputs detection signals when reception of radio waves transmitted from GPS artificial satellites is blocked by objects. To do. The signal processing device detects an object based on the detection signal supplied from the antenna device.

このように、特許文献１記載の技術によれば、ＧＰＳ衛星電波を利用するため、従来技術のように電波の送信手段を設けることなく、地上にある車両や航空機等の物体を検出することができる。
しかしながら、特許文献１記載の技術の場合は、地球に近いＧＰＳ衛星からの電波を利用するため、観測者 (観測点）からある程度以上の距離（数km以上）離れた物体の検出は困難である。
また、被検出物体とアンテナ装置とＧＰＳ衛星が一直線上に並んだ場合にしか物体を検出できない。 As described above, according to the technique described in Patent Document 1, since GPS satellite radio waves are used, it is possible to detect an object such as a vehicle or an aircraft on the ground without providing radio wave transmission means as in the prior art. it can.
However, in the case of the technique described in Patent Document 1, since a radio wave from a GPS satellite close to the earth is used, it is difficult to detect an object at a certain distance (several kilometers or more) from an observer (observation point). .
Further, the object can be detected only when the detected object, the antenna device, and the GPS satellite are aligned.

また、特許文献２においては、天体から放射される電磁波を受信し、スペクトルを抽出する抽出手段と、天体と人工惑星との相対速度が「０」の時に相当する基準スペクトルを発生する基準スペクトル発生手段と、天体からのスペクトルと基準スペクトル発生手段で発生した基準スペクトルを導入してドップラー変位の周波数を検出する周波数検出手段と、天体の方向を検出する方向検出手段と、ドップラー変位の周波数と上記の天体の方向とを用いて人工惑星の相対速度スペクトルを算出する手段とを備えた、人工惑星の速度スペクトル決定装置が開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2, an extraction means that receives electromagnetic waves radiated from a celestial body and extracts a spectrum, and a reference spectrum generation that generates a corresponding reference spectrum when the relative velocity between the celestial body and the artificial planet is “0”. Means, a frequency detection means for detecting the frequency of the Doppler displacement by introducing the spectrum from the celestial body and the reference spectrum generated by the reference spectrum generation means, a direction detection means for detecting the direction of the celestial body, the frequency of the Doppler displacement and the above And a means for calculating the relative velocity spectrum of the artificial planet using the direction of the celestial body.

このように、特許文献２記載の技術によれば、例えば、深宇宙探査用の人工惑星に搭載したスペクトル分光計の受信出力を利用して、人工惑星の速度スペクトルを決定して、軌道長半径，離心率等の軌道要素を導くことができる。
しかしながら、特許文献２記載の技術は、人工天体の速度をドップラー効果による電波の周波数スペクトルの変化により測定しようとするものであって、航空機等の物体を検出する技術ではない。
再特ＷＯ１９９７００４３３７号公報（Ｐ８Ｌ２３−Ｌ２５，図２、Ｐ９Ｌ８−Ｌ１５）特開昭６０−０７０３８０号公報（Ｐ３左下Ｌ１−Ｌ１１） Thus, according to the technique described in Patent Document 2, for example, the velocity spectrum of an artificial planet is determined using the received output of a spectrum spectrometer mounted on an artificial planet for deep space exploration, and the orbital length radius is determined. , Orbital elements such as eccentricity can be derived.
However, the technique described in Patent Document 2 is intended to measure the speed of an artificial celestial body by a change in the frequency spectrum of a radio wave due to the Doppler effect, and is not a technique for detecting an object such as an aircraft.
Re-specialized WO 1997004337 (P8L23-L25, FIG. 2, P9L8-L15) JP 60-070380 A (P3 lower left L1-L11)

図４に記載された従来の技術における課題は、物体の電波反射率が著しく小さい場合、反射電波のレベルが小さいため、反射電波を検出できないということである。
そのため、従来の電波による物体の検出装置では、物体の電波反射率が著しく小さい場合、反射電波による物体の検出が不可能であった。 The problem with the conventional technique described in FIG. 4 is that when the radio wave reflectance of an object is extremely small, the level of the reflected radio wave is small and the reflected radio wave cannot be detected.
For this reason, in the conventional object detection apparatus using radio waves, it is impossible to detect an object using reflected radio waves when the radio wave reflectance of the object is extremely small.

この発明は、上述の課題に鑑みてなされたものであって、電波による物体の検出装置において、宇宙由来の電波を遮ることによって生じている物体の影を検出することによって、宇宙空間におけるその物体の存在を検知するとともに、観測者（観測点）から電波を遮る物体に対する方位角と仰角を検出することができるようにすることを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and in an object detection apparatus using radio waves, the object in space is detected by detecting the shadow of the object generated by blocking radio waves derived from space. It is intended to be able to detect the azimuth angle and elevation angle of an object that blocks radio waves from an observer (observation point).

上記課題を解決するため、この発明の第１の構成は、電波による物体の検出装置に係り、宇宙由来の電波のうち、大気の状態や太陽の位置に影響されることなく、大気中で吸収されにくい周波数帯の電波を受信する手段を備え、該手段によって天空の位置座標ごとに受信した電波の受信レベル値と、天空の位置座標ごとに予め観測され記憶されている電波の受信レベル値とを比較し、前記受信した電波の受信レベル値が、前記予め観測され記憶されている電波の受信レベル値より小さい天空の座標位置を検出することで、当該天空の座標位置に前記宇宙由来の電波を遮る物体が存在することを検知することを特徴としている。 In order to solve the above-described problems, a first configuration of the present invention relates to an object detection device using radio waves , and absorbs in the atmosphere, without being influenced by the state of the atmosphere and the position of the sun, from radio waves derived from space. A means for receiving radio waves in a frequency band that is difficult to be received, a reception level value of radio waves received for each sky position coordinate by the means, and a reception level value of radio waves that are observed and stored in advance for each sky position coordinate; comparing the reception level value of the radio wave thus received is, by detecting the advance observed receiving level value is smaller than the sky of the coordinate position of the radio wave that has been stored, the radio wave of the cosmic to the coordinate position of the sky It is characterized by detecting the presence of an object that blocks the object.

また、この発明の第２の構成は、電波による物体の検出装置に係り、宇宙由来の電波のうち、大気の状態や太陽の位置に影響されることなく、大気中で吸収されにくい周波数帯の電波を受信する手段によって天空の位置座標ごとに受信した電波の受信レベル値と、天空の位置座標ごとに予め観測され記憶されている電波の受信レベル値とを比較し、前記受信した電波の受信レベル値が、前記予め観測され記憶されてる電波の受信レベル値より小さい天空の座標位置を検出することで、当該天空の座標位置に前記宇宙由来の電波を遮る物体が存在することを検知することを特徴としている。 Further, the second configuration of the present invention relates to an object detection apparatus using radio waves . Of radio waves derived from space , a frequency band that is not easily absorbed in the atmosphere without being affected by the state of the atmosphere or the position of the sun. compares the reception level value of the received radio wave for each position coordinate of the sky by means for receiving a radio wave, and a reception level value of the radio wave which is previously observed and stored for each sky coordinates, signal reception said received level value, by detecting the advance observed coordinates of the received level value is smaller than the sky waves we leave for stored, detects that an object interrupting the electric wave of the cosmic to the coordinate position of the sky is present It is characterized by that.

この発明の第１の効果は、電波の反射を利用せずに物体の影によって被検出物体を検出しているので、電波反射率が著しく小さい、例えばステルス性を有する航空機等のような、従来検出不可能であった物体を検出できることである。
また、この発明の第２の効果は、大気中で吸収されにくい周波数帯の宇宙天体放射電波を利用することによって、大気の状態や太陽の位置に影響されることなく、物体を検出できることである。
また、この発明の第３の効果は、高分解能の電波望遠鏡を利用して電波を遮る影の形を観測することによって、物体の形状や種類を推定できることである。 The first effect of the present invention is that the object to be detected is detected by the shadow of the object without using the reflection of the radio wave, so that the radio wave reflectivity is remarkably small, such as an aircraft having stealth property. That is, an object that could not be detected can be detected.
In addition, the second effect of the present invention is that an object can be detected without being affected by the atmospheric state or the position of the sun by using a space celestial body radio wave having a frequency band that is difficult to be absorbed in the atmosphere. .
A third effect of the present invention is that the shape and type of an object can be estimated by observing the shape of a shadow that blocks radio waves using a high-resolution radio telescope.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1

図１は、本発明の電波による物体の検出装置の第１の構成例を示したものである。同図においては、宇宙由来の電波１と、物体２と、電波望遠鏡３と、電子計算機４と、データベース５と、表示器６とが示されている。 FIG. 1 shows a first configuration example of an object detection apparatus using radio waves according to the present invention. In the figure, a radio wave 1 derived from space, an object 2, a radio telescope 3, an electronic computer 4, a database 5, and a display 6 are shown.

宇宙由来の電波１は、宇宙に存在する天体から放射されている電波である。物体２は、検出対象の物体である。電波望遠鏡３は、宇宙由来の電波１を受信するものである。電子計算機４は、電波望遠鏡３が受信した天空の位置座標の電波受信レベルと、最新の観測受信レベルとを比較して、電波受信レベルが通常よりも小さい座標に、物体が電波を遮っている影があることを算出する。データベース５は、電子計算機４が算出した天空の位置座標ごとの電波受信レベルを記憶している。表示器６は、物体２の検出結果を表示するものであって、例えば、天空の位置座標ごとの電波受信レベルの差異を、色彩や濃淡で表現して表示する。 The radio wave 1 derived from the universe is a radio wave radiated from a celestial body existing in the universe. The object 2 is a detection target object. The radio telescope 3 receives radio waves 1 derived from space. The electronic computer 4 compares the radio wave reception level of the sky position coordinates received by the radio telescope 3 with the latest observation reception level, and the object blocks the radio wave at coordinates where the radio wave reception level is lower than normal. Calculate that there is a shadow. The database 5 stores the radio wave reception level for each position coordinate of the sky calculated by the electronic computer 4. The display device 6 displays the detection result of the object 2 and displays, for example, a difference in radio wave reception level for each position coordinate in the sky expressed in color or shade.

なお、電波望遠鏡３は、当業者に周知のものであり、また本発明の内容とは直接の関係がないので、これに関する詳細な説明は省略する。 The radio telescope 3 is well known to those skilled in the art, and is not directly related to the contents of the present invention, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

次に、図１に示された電子計算機４の動作を、図２に示すデータベース例及び観測値例を使用して説明する。
図２において、左側の表の数値は、データベースに記憶された過去の天空の位置座標ごとの電波受信レベル値を示し、右側の表の数値は、観測された電波の受信レベル値を示す。 Next, the operation of the electronic computer 4 shown in FIG. 1 will be described using the database example and the observation value example shown in FIG.
In FIG. 2, the numerical values in the left table indicate the radio wave reception level values for each past position coordinate stored in the database, and the numerical values in the right table indicate the received radio wave reception level values.

電波望遠鏡３から電波受信レベル観測値が電子計算機４に与えられると、電子計算機４は、位置座標ごとの電波受信レベル観測値をデータベース上の位置座標ごとの電波受信レベル値と比較して、その比率を記憶メモリ（不図示）上にデータとして展開する。電波受信レベル値の比率は表示器６に供給される。表示器６は、天空の位置座標ごとの電波受信レベル値の比率を、色彩又は濃淡によって、コンピュータディスプレイ（不図示）上に表示する。 When the radio wave reception level observation value is given from the radio telescope 3 to the electronic computer 4, the electronic computer 4 compares the radio wave reception level observation value for each position coordinate with the radio wave reception level value for each position coordinate on the database. The ratio is developed as data on a storage memory (not shown). The ratio of the radio wave reception level value is supplied to the display 6. The display 6 displays the ratio of the radio wave reception level value for each position coordinate in the sky on a computer display (not shown) by color or shade.

Embodiment 2

図３は、本発明の電波による物体の検出装置の第２の構成例を示したものである。同図において、宇宙由来の電波１，物体２，電波望遠鏡３，電子計算機４，データベース５，表示器６は、図１の場合と同様である。７は、第２の電波望遠鏡である。 FIG. 3 shows a second configuration example of the object detection apparatus using radio waves according to the present invention. In the figure, the radio wave 1, object 2, radio telescope 3, electronic computer 4, database 5, and display 6 derived from space are the same as those in FIG. Reference numeral 7 denotes a second radio telescope.

図３に示された構成においては、電波望遠鏡３と電波望遠鏡７とは、三角測量の原理によって、物体２までの距離を計測する。
このように、この実施形態の電波による物体の検出装置によれば、天空における物体２の位置座標だけでなく、物体２までの距離を計測することが可能となる。 In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the radio telescope 3 and the radio telescope 7 measure the distance to the object 2 according to the principle of triangulation.
Thus, according to the radio wave object detection apparatus of this embodiment, it is possible to measure not only the position coordinates of the object 2 in the sky but also the distance to the object 2.

この場合、電波望遠鏡３と電波望遠鏡７の配置関係を正確に把握することにより、電波望遠鏡３，７を例えば車両，船舶，航空機等に搭載して任意の場所に移動しても、その場所で三角測量の原理によって、物体２までの距離を計測することができる。 In this case, by accurately grasping the positional relationship between the radio telescope 3 and the radio telescope 7, even if the radio telescopes 3 and 7 are mounted on a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, etc. The distance to the object 2 can be measured by the principle of triangulation.

以上、この発明の実施形態を図面により詳述してきたが、具体的な構成は上記の実施形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計の変更等があってもこの発明に含まれる。例えば、各実施形態において、電波望遠鏡に代えて電波干渉計を使用してもよい。 The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. Included in the invention. For example, in each embodiment, a radio wave interferometer may be used instead of the radio telescope.

この発明の電波による物体の検出装置および方法は、被検出物体の形式，形状、構造を問わず適用可能なものである。 The object detection apparatus and method using radio waves according to the present invention can be applied regardless of the type, shape, and structure of the detected object.

本発明の電波による物体の検出装置の第１の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 1st structural example of the detection apparatus of the object by the electromagnetic wave of this invention. 図１に示された電波による物体の検出装置の動作を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the detection apparatus of the object by the electromagnetic wave shown by FIG. 本発明の電波による物体の検出装置の第２の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 2nd structural example of the detection apparatus of the object by the electromagnetic wave of this invention. 従来のレーダによる物体の検出装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the detection apparatus of the object by the conventional radar.

Explanation of symbols

１宇宙由来の電波
２物体
３電波望遠鏡
４電子計算機
５データベース
６表示器
７電波望遠鏡 1 Radio wave derived from space 2 Object 3 Radio telescope 4 Electronic computer 5 Database 6 Display 7 Radio telescope

Claims

Of radio waves from space, without being affected by the position of the atmospheric conditions and the sun, comprising means for receiving radio waves that are poorly absorbed frequencies in the air, it received for each position coordinate of the sky by the means Telecommunications of the received level value is compared with the reception level value of the radio wave which is previously observed and stored for each sky coordinates, the reception level value of the radio wave thus received is a radio wave receiving said that have been previously observed and stored An apparatus for detecting an object using radio waves, characterized in that by detecting a coordinate position of the sky smaller than a level value, it is detected that an object that blocks radio waves derived from the universe exists at the coordinate position of the sky .

A radio telescope that receives radio waves in a frequency band that is difficult to be absorbed in the atmosphere without being affected by atmospheric conditions and the sun's position among the radio waves derived from space, and received by the radio telescope for each position coordinate in the sky a reception level value of the radio wave, compares the reception level value of the radio wave which is previously observed and stored for each sky coordinates, the radio wave reception level value of the radio wave thus received is the that have been previously observed and stored The detection of a coordinate position in the sky smaller than the reception level value of the object by calculation by an electronic computer detects that there is an object blocking the radio waves derived from the universe at the coordinate position in the sky. An object detection device using the described radio wave.

Object reception level value of the radio wave for each position coordinate of the sky said predetermined observed, as a reference value for comparison, by radio according to claim 2, characterized in that it is stored in the connected to computer databases Detection device.

A distance to an object that includes means for receiving radio waves derived from the first universe and means for receiving radio waves derived from the second universe, and obstructs the radio waves derived from the first and second universes according to the principle of triangulation measurement to an object detecting device by radio waves according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein that you determine the position of the object.

Regarding the positional relationship between the means for receiving radio waves derived from the first universe and the means for receiving radio waves derived from the second universe, and the object that blocks the radio waves derived from the first and second universes , the first universe The position of the object that blocks the first and second space-derived radio waves is determined at an arbitrary location by moving the means for receiving the radio waves from the second space and the means for receiving the radio waves from the second space. object detecting device by radio waves according to claim 4, wherein to Rukoto.

Of the radio waves derived from space, the reception level value of the radio wave received for each position coordinate in the sky by means of receiving radio waves in a frequency band that is not easily absorbed in the atmosphere without being affected by the atmospheric state and the position of the sun. compares the reception level value of the radio wave which is previously observed and stored for each sky coordinates, the reception level value of the radio wave thus received is the pre observed receiving level value is smaller than the sky waves we leave for stored By detecting the coordinate position of the object, it is detected that there is an object that blocks the radio waves derived from the universe at the coordinate position of the sky .

The reception level value of radio waves received for each position coordinate in the sky by a radio telescope that receives radio waves in a frequency band that is difficult to be absorbed in the atmosphere without being affected by atmospheric conditions and the position of the sun. If, by comparing the reception level value of the radio wave which is previously observed and stored for each sky coordinates, the reception level value of the radio wave thus received is the smaller pre observed signal reception level values that have been stored 7. The method of detecting an object using radio waves according to claim 6 , wherein an object that blocks radio waves derived from the universe exists at the coordinate position of the sky by detecting the coordinate position of the sky by calculation using an electronic computer.

8. The radio wave object according to claim 7 , wherein a reception level value of radio waves for each position coordinate of the sky observed in advance is stored in a database connected to the electronic computer as a reference value for comparison. Detection method.

The means for receiving radio waves derived from the first universe and the means for receiving radio waves derived from the second universe measure the distance to the object blocking the radio waves derived from the first and second universes according to the principle of triangulation. 6., 7 or 8 object detection method according to the radio wave, wherein that you determine the position of the object to.

Regarding the positional relationship between the means for receiving radio waves derived from the first universe and the means for receiving radio waves derived from the second universe, and the object that blocks the radio waves derived from the first and second universes , the first universe The position of the object that blocks the first and second space-derived radio waves is determined at an arbitrary location by moving the means for receiving the radio waves from the second space and the means for receiving the radio waves from the second space. method of detecting an object by radio waves as claimed in claim 9, wherein to Rukoto.