JP5368705B2 - 真空カプセル化したデバイスのリークレート測定方法 - Google Patents
真空カプセル化したデバイスのリークレート測定方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5368705B2 JP5368705B2 JP2007544866A JP2007544866A JP5368705B2 JP 5368705 B2 JP5368705 B2 JP 5368705B2 JP 2007544866 A JP2007544866 A JP 2007544866A JP 2007544866 A JP2007544866 A JP 2007544866A JP 5368705 B2 JP5368705 B2 JP 5368705B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bombing
- pressure
- leak
- encapsulated
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3281—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell
- G01M3/329—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell for verifying the internal pressure of closed containers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/186—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
dP/dt=L/V (1)
ここで、Lはリークレートであり、Vはデバイスの空洞容積である。現存するデバイスの典型的な空洞容積は0.1mm3から略5mm3であり、空洞容積は明らかに減少する風潮がある。
(a)デバイスをネオン雰囲気を使用して、少なくとも環境圧力よりも高いボンビング圧力を用いてボンビング(bombing)する工程、
(b)前記ボンビングの前と後で、マイクロ共振構造のクオリティファクタを測定する工程、及び
(c)工程(b)での測定から、ボンビングの前と後の空洞圧力を計算する工程、
を有し、
工程(b)でのクオリティファクタの測定は、前記カプセル化されたデバイス内での共振構造のダンピング特性を測定すること(“リング−ダウン方法”)により為され、
クォリティファクターの減少が、リークを示すことを特徴とする。
qgas=Lgas・(P1−P2) (2)
Lgas=8/3・r3/l・√(T/Mgas) (3)
Lgas=ΔP・V/(t・Pbomb) (4)
Lair=LNe・√(MNe/Mair)=LNe・0.8316 (5)
qair=Lair・Pair (6)
本発明により、最高で略10-16mbar・l/sのエアーリークレート感度が検出可能である。
ネオン中、3バールの絶対圧力で30hのボンビング時間により、10-14hPa・l/sの範囲の最大許容臨界リークレートを有するデバイスは、10-2hPaの圧力変化に対応するクオリティ測定に要求される感度をもつものと同一であるとみなされる。高い圧力の領域から低い圧力のタンクへの非常に小さなリークを介してのガス流れは、分子流条件に基礎をおく。ガスの流れは(T/M)1/2に比例する。ここで、Tはガス温度[K]、Mは分子量[g/mol]である。図9は、この明細書で記述したデバイスの最大操作温度での延長された操作時間の影響を示す。初期のリークレートの要求識別感度は、より過酷なボンビング条件によってだけ満たされ得る。
Claims (8)
- エアーリークレート感度が10 -16 mbar・l/sまでの超微細リークテストに有用な、マイクロ共振構造を含む、カプセル化されたデバイスのリークレートを試験する方法であって、以下の工程:
(a)デバイスをネオン雰囲気を使用して、少なくとも環境圧力よりも高いボンビング圧力を用い、及び50℃未満のボンビング温度でボンビングする工程、
(b)前記ボンビングの前と後で、マイクロ共振構造のクオリティファクタを測定する工程、及び
(c)工程(b)での測定から、ボンビングの前と後の空洞圧力を計算する工程、
を有し、
工程(b)でのクオリティファクタの測定は、前記カプセル化されたデバイス内での共振構造のダンピング特性を測定すること(“リング−ダウン方法”)により為され、
クォリティファクターの減少が、リークを示すことを特徴とするカプセル化されたデバイスのリークレートの試験方法。 - 前記ボンビング時間は、略10から100時間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ボンビング圧力は、1.5から100バール、好ましくは1.5から5バール、最も好ましくは3から4バールであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記カプセル化されたデバイスは、真空カプセル化されたデバイスであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記デバイスは、略10-4から1000ミリバールの間の空洞圧力下でカプセル化されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記デバイスは、環境圧力又は過圧力下でカプセル化されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ボンビングは、バッチ的なモードで、複数のデバイスで為されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、リークしているデバイスの特定、又は好ましくは5から15年の要求されるサービス寿命を提供できるほど十分に密封されていないデバイスの特定、若しくは前記デバイスの更なるプロセッシング、例えばプラスチックカプセル化に起因するダメージに対して用いられることを特徴とする請求項1〜7の何れか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04028993 | 2004-12-07 | ||
| EP04028993.6 | 2004-12-07 | ||
| PCT/EP2005/055890 WO2006061302A1 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2005-11-10 | Method for testing the leakage rate of vacuum capsulated devices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008523597A JP2008523597A (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
| JP5368705B2 true JP5368705B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=35734937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007544866A Expired - Lifetime JP5368705B2 (ja) | 2004-12-07 | 2005-11-10 | 真空カプセル化したデバイスのリークレート測定方法 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7739900B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1831664B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5368705B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101288751B1 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE541196T1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2588854C (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL183488A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20073525L (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006061302A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8007166B2 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2011-08-30 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Method for optimizing direct wafer bond line width for reduction of parasitic capacitance in MEMS accelerometers |
| US20100139373A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2010-06-10 | Honeywell Internationa Inc. | Mems sensor package |
| WO2008082362A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-10 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Encapsulated device with integrated gas permeation sensor |
| CN103105269B (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2015-04-01 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | 空预器一次风漏风率测量方法 |
| DE102013020388A1 (de) | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | Tesat-Spacecom Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Dichteprüfung eines Gehäuses |
| US9442131B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-09-13 | Analog Devices, Inc. | System and method for run-time hermeticity detection of a capped MEMS device |
| US8921128B2 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-30 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Method of manufacturing MEMS devices with reliable hermetic seal |
| US9463976B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2016-10-11 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | MEMS fabrication process with two cavities operating at different pressures |
| RU2576635C1 (ru) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Тамбовский завод "Электроприбор" | Способ контроля негерметичности кольцевых лазерных гироскопов |
| US9738516B2 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2017-08-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Structure to reduce backside silicon damage |
| CN105043689B (zh) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-05-10 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | 空预器漏风率确定方法及装置 |
| CN105021357B (zh) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-05-10 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | 空预器漏风率确定方法及装置 |
| DE102015224533A1 (de) | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Reaktives Verschlussgas zur gezielten Anpassung des Kaverneninnendruckes |
| US9796585B2 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-10-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Leak detection using cavity surface quality factor |
| FR3047842B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-12 | 2018-05-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Composant electronique a resistance metallique suspendue dans une cavite fermee |
| RU2638135C1 (ru) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-12-11 | Публичное Акционерное Общество "Тамбовский завод "Электроприбор" | Способ локализации негерметичности кольцевых лазерных гироскопов |
| US10081536B2 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-09-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Gasses for increasing yield and reliability of MEMS devices |
| US11460384B2 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2022-10-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pressure test apparatus including a top plate assembly and an air block |
| CN113919150B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2025-02-11 | 电子科技大学 | 一种微纳传感器封装气密性失效时间的预测方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3070992A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1963-01-01 | Robert C Nemeth | Pressure gauge and method of operation |
| US3227872A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1966-01-04 | Robert C Nemeth | Mass spectrometer leak detecting device in combination with a gettering chamber |
| SE398392B (sv) * | 1975-05-14 | 1977-12-19 | Atomenergi Ab | Forfarande for tethetsprovning av en forslutbar behallare, speciellt en transportflaska for radioaktivt material |
| US4608866A (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-02 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Small component helium leak detector |
| US4785666A (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-11-22 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Method of increasing the sensitivity of a leak detector in the probe mode |
| JPS63284835A (ja) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 気密封止型半導体装置の検査方法 |
| US5317900A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-06-07 | The Lyle E. & Barbara L. Bergquist Trust | Ultrasensitive helium leak detector for large systems |
| JPH11108792A (ja) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-23 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | グロスリーク検査方法 |
| JP3430979B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-23 | 2003-07-28 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 漏洩試験方法および漏洩試験装置 |
| US7037745B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2006-05-02 | Dalsa Semiconductor Inc. | Method of making electrical connections to hermetically sealed MEMS devices |
| US7210337B1 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-05-01 | Honeywell International Inc. | MEMS sensor package leak test |
-
2005
- 2005-11-10 US US11/792,074 patent/US7739900B2/en active Active - Reinstated
- 2005-11-10 WO PCT/EP2005/055890 patent/WO2006061302A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-10 AT AT05810986T patent/ATE541196T1/de active
- 2005-11-10 JP JP2007544866A patent/JP5368705B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-11-10 CA CA2588854A patent/CA2588854C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-11-10 KR KR1020077014018A patent/KR101288751B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-10 EP EP05810986A patent/EP1831664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-05-28 IL IL183488A patent/IL183488A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-07-09 NO NO20073525A patent/NO20073525L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20073525L (no) | 2007-07-09 |
| CA2588854A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| EP1831664B1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
| KR101288751B1 (ko) | 2013-07-23 |
| WO2006061302A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| KR20070086477A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
| US20080141759A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| JP2008523597A (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
| IL183488A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
| US7739900B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
| IL183488A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| CA2588854C (en) | 2013-12-31 |
| ATE541196T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
| EP1831664A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5368705B2 (ja) | 真空カプセル化したデバイスのリークレート測定方法 | |
| Jourdain et al. | Investigation of the hermeticity of BCB-sealed cavities for housing (RF-) MEMS devices | |
| Costello et al. | Review of test methods used for the measurement of hermeticity in packages containing small cavities | |
| JP4809848B2 (ja) | 半導体デバイスの空洞内に所定の内圧を形成する方法 | |
| Mitchell et al. | Encapsulation of vacuum sensors in a wafer level package using a gold-silicon eutectic | |
| Candler et al. | Hydrogen diffusion and pressure control of encapsulated MEMS resonators | |
| Jin et al. | MEMS vacuum packaging technology and applications | |
| Gan et al. | Getter free vacuum packaging for MEMS | |
| Reinert et al. | Assessment of vacuum lifetime in nL-packages | |
| Li et al. | Failure analysis of a thin-film nitride MEMS package | |
| De Wolf et al. | Hermeticity testing and failure analysis of MEMS packages | |
| Poly | ensure suitable vacuum (total pressure under 1x10³ mbar) and long-term stability in | |
| Knechtel et al. | Heat Conductivity Based Inner Cavity Pressure Monitoring and Hermeticity Monitoring for Glass Frit Wafer Bonded MEMS Devices | |
| Kim et al. | Identification and management of diffusion pathways in polysilicon encapsulation for MEMS devices | |
| Antelius et al. | Wafer-level vacuum sealing by coining of wire bonded gold bumps | |
| Garcia-Blanco et al. | Hybrid wafer-level vacuum hermetic micropackaging technology for MOEMS-MEMS | |
| US7880113B2 (en) | Plasma discharge method and structure for verifying a hermetical seal | |
| TW201730093A (zh) | 用於選擇性的調適空腔內部壓力的反應性封閉氣體 | |
| Conte et al. | High and stable Q-factor in resonant MEMS with getter film | |
| Costello et al. | Electrical test structure for the measurement of hermeticity in electronic and MEMS packages with small cavity volumes | |
| Nicolas et al. | High vacuum wafer level packaging for high-value MEMS applications | |
| De Moor et al. | Characterization of (near) hermetic zero-level packages for MEMS | |
| Dragoi et al. | Wafer bonding for MEMS vacuum packaging | |
| Millar et al. | In-situ test structures for ultra low leak detection | |
| Esashi | Vacuum Packaging |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20081106 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090520 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111025 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120119 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120703 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121001 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121211 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130305 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130827 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130913 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5368705 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |