JP5378046B2 - Germination induction cultivation method of fruiting body - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention, in a mushroom cultivation method using a fungus bed, induces the occurrence of fruit bodies to the upper part of the fungus bed, and suppresses the occurrence of fruit bodies from the side and bottom of the fungus bed, which is the part where the occurrence is not desired It relates to the cultivation method.

  When harvesting mushrooms using a fungus bed such as shiitake cultivation multiple times in one fungus bed, top-cultivated varieties with characteristics that are relatively likely to occur from the top of the fungus bed in the second and subsequent harvests (variety of shiitake mushrooms) Name: Hokuken 600 and other mushrooms can continuously generate fruit bodies from the top of the fungus bed without special germination treatment, but other commonly used mushrooms In the cultivar, it is difficult to obtain the next generation of fruiting bodies unless germination treatment is performed on the first harvested fungus bed.

  Conventional general methods for such germination treatment include “inversion treatment”, “buchiki treatment”, and “pack water immersion treatment” described in Patent Document 1, all of which are fungus beds. Therefore, it takes time and effort to move the fungus bed. And in particular, since the entire fungus bed is stimulated by the movement, the occurrence of fruiting bodies from the side part of the fungus bed that is not originally desired to be induced is induced. The problem is that the number of fruiting bodies generated from the upper surface is reduced by the amount of the substance, and the fruiting body that is generated from the side part of the fungal bed is prone to spoilage. Even when normal fruiting bodies are grown on the upper surface, they induce secondary contamination due to the spread of the harmful bacteria and pests and contamination of the bacterial bed, resulting in decreased productivity and reduced service life of the bacterial bed. There was a problem that caused.

  Moreover, in the upper surface cultivation technique for obtaining fruit bodies from the upper part of the fungus bed described in Patent Document 2 below, when a variety other than the upper surface cultivation compatible variety (for example, the above-mentioned Hokuken 600) is used, The occurrence of fruiting bodies from the side or bottom surface may be induced, and in this case, various problems as described above have been caused by the fruiting bodies generated from the side surface portion of the fungus bed.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-16532 Japanese Patent No. 3087171

In the conventional germination stimulation treatment method, since the whole germ bed is stimulated, the occurrence of fruiting bodies is induced from the side surface portion of the fungus bed that is not originally desired to be generated. The number of fruiting bodies generated from this part will decrease, and this will reduce the quality of the fruiting body that has spoiled from the side part of the fungus bed, resulting in a decrease in productivity and the life expectancy of the fungus bed. It was.
Therefore, the present invention uses a fungus bed after harvesting the first fruiting body, and is used to prevent harmful germs and pests caused by the conventional germination stimulation performed to generate the fruiting body for the second and subsequent times in the fungus bed. In order to solve problems such as generation and early deterioration of the fungus bed, the occurrence of fruit bodies from the side and bottom of the fungus bed is suppressed by actively inducing the occurrence of mushroom fruit bodies to the upper part of the fungus bed. It aims at providing the germination induction cultivation method of a mushroom which becomes possible.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the germination-induced cultivation method of fruiting bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the generation process of fruiting bodies after completion of cultivation in fungal bed cultivation, an air-impermeable object is placed on the upper part of the fungal bed. And a suffocation stimulating step of removing the non-breathable substance from the fungus bed after giving a suffocation stimulus to the mushroom fungus on the mounting surface portion, Generation | occurrence | production of a fruit body is suppressed in the side surface and bottom face part which induces generation | occurrence | production actively and does not stimulate suffocation other than that.

  The invention according to claim 2 is a plurality of fungus beds arranged in a plane in the asphyxia stimulation step of the invention according to claim 1, and is simultaneously applied to each fungus bed. Specifically, after placing a non-breathable object and allowing it to stand for a certain period of time while applying a suffocation stimulus, the non-breathable object is removed from the plurality of fungus beds.

  The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1 or 2, the non-breathable object used is composed of a non-breathable shield or a water-containing non-breathable coating.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the non-breathable object used is formed by superimposing a non-breathable shield and a water-containing non-breathable coating. Features.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the non-breathable object used is integrally laminated with a non-breathable shielding layer and a water-containing non-breathable coating layer. It is characterized by comprising a non-breathable laminated body.

The present invention uses a fungus bed after harvesting the first fruiting body, and in the step of generating a mushroom fruiting body after completion of the culture in which the fruiting body is generated for the second and subsequent times in the fungus bed, It is possible to perform asphyxiation stimulation by limiting the range to the upper part of the fungus bed on which a non-breathable object is placed on the bed to generate fruit bodies. Then, the fruit body is induced and generated on the limited upper part of the fungus bed, so that it becomes possible to obtain a high quality fruit body, and the fruit body from the side surface and the bottom surface of the fungus bed that has not been suffocated. Occurrence is suppressed.
As a result, it is possible to prevent the growth of harmful insects and the propagation of various bacteria due to the decay of fruit bodies that occur from the side of the fungus bed, thereby extending the service life of the fungus bed and increasing the productivity.
Further, since the suffocation stimulation process of the present invention does not involve the movement of the microbial bed, the labor required for the movement of the microbial bed as in the prior art is eliminated, and it becomes possible to increase the production efficiency such as the reduction of the production cost. .

In the invention according to claim 2, the non-breathable object can cover a wide non-breathable object at a time with respect to a plurality of fungus beds, so that a plurality of operations can be simultaneously performed until harvesting. So it helps to improve productivity.
In the invention according to claim 3, claim 4 and claim 5, as the non-breathable object, use conditions and use can be selected from among a non-breathable shield, a water-containing non-breathable coating, and a non-breathable laminate. It is possible to select the optimal non-breathable object according to the situation, etc., and when using any non-breathable object, the suffocation stimulation process is a simple task of placing them on the fungus bed. Can be done.

  In the invention using the water-impermeable air-permeable coating according to claim 4, the coating contains water, and as shown in FIG. The gap space S generated between the upper surface of the microbial bed and the water-impermeable non-breathable coating is reduced by causing the deformation to enter the dent, and asphyxia can be stimulated more reliably.

  In the invention using the non-breathable laminate in which the non-breathable shielding layer and the water-containing non-breathable coating layer according to claim 5 are integrally laminated, the upper surface of the fungus bed is weighted with water. And the moisture-containing air-impermeable coating, the gap space S can be reduced, the suffocation stimulation can be more reliably performed, and the two sheets are separately stacked, which is more labor-intensive than the invention of claim 4 Therefore, the labor can be reduced accordingly.

It is each perspective view which shows the state before (i) puts a non-breathable shield on a microbial bed, and (b) shows the state before putting a water-containing non-breathable covering. It is each perspective view which shows the state before (c) places a non-breathable shield and a water-containing non-breathable covering on a fungus bed, and (2) shows a state before placing a non-breathable laminate. . It is a perspective view which shows the state before mounting on the state which mounted the air-impermeable shielding thing on the microbial bed arranged in the shelf. (B) shows a state where a non-breathable covering is placed on the fungus bed, (b) shows a state where a water-containing non-breathable coating is placed, and (c) shows a state where a non-breathable laminate is placed. It is each vertical side surface of a part.

In the mushroom germination induction cultivation method of the present invention, as shown in (a), (b) and (c) of FIG. A non-breathable object (corresponding to reference numerals 2 and 3 in the figure) is placed on the upper part of the fungus bed 1 and allowed to stand for a certain period of time while applying a suffocation stimulus to the placement surface portion. It has a suffocation stimulation process to remove from the fungus bed 1.
The placement of the non-breathable object does not involve the movement of the fungus bed 1 unlike the conventional germination treatment. For this reason, it becomes possible to perform a germination process only in a partially limited range such as a part of the upper surface of the fungus bed 1.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, germination of the fruiting body is performed only on the upper fungal bed 1a which is a preferable site for the germination stimulation range, and germination is induced on the germinated stimulation portion. For example, when a non-breathable object (symbols 2 and 3 in the figure corresponds) is placed on the fungus bed upper portion 1a to give a suffocation stimulus to the placement surface portion, A large number of high-quality child bodies standing upright only in the part 1a are generated.
At this time, the stimulation is limited to the fungus bed upper portion 1a, and no stimulation is performed on the side surface 1b or the bottom surface, so that germination hardly occurs on the side surface 1b or the like.

  In contrast to the present invention, for example, in the conventional “striking treatment”, even if the top of the fungus bed is hit, the impact is transmitted to the whole and the whole fungus bed is stimulated. The fruiting body that emerges from the side surface is curved or hits the adjacent fungal bed or the fruiting body that develops on the side of the adjacent fungal bed, resulting in deformed inferior fruiting bodies occurring on those sides. The fruiting body is not preferred because it tends to rot.

The Journal of the Wood Society Vol. 49, no. 4, P. “The development and control of basidiomycetous fruit bodies” published by Shoji Oga, published on 239-246 (2003), in 3.1.2 Ventilation “Cultivated mushrooms generally prefer aerobic conditions, As a result, it is stated that there is an increase in CO ₂ generation and ethylene release. ” It is considered to be one of the effective factors of the environmental factors.
Next, the cultivation method of the present invention will be described in detail in the following examples.

Example 1 is an example of fungus bed cultivation in shiitake mushroom.
The medium of the shiitake fungus bed is a hardwood chip, a raw material obtained by adding nutrients and water to sawdust, and is usually formed into a predetermined size in a rectangular parallelepiped block shape.
The fungus bed is sterilized and cooled, and then cultured for an appropriate number of days in an appropriate culture temperature range for each variety. Then, the fungus bed is transferred to the generation temperature range to obtain the first fruiting body, and the first harvest is performed.
In the germination induction cultivation method of the present invention, the following germination treatment is then performed in order to obtain the occurrence of fruiting bodies after the second time.

In the present Example 1, the suffocation stimulation step is included in the generation process of fruiting bodies after the harvesting is finished and the culture is completed.
This suffocation stimulation step is shown in FIG. 1 (a) (state before placing the non-breathable shield 2) and FIG. 4 (a) (state before placing the non-breathable shield 2). In addition, a non-breathable shield 2 is placed on the top of the fungus bed 1 to give a suffocation stimulus to the placement surface portion, and the air is shut off by the non-breathable shield 2 so that it remains stationary for a certain period of time. And then the procedure of removing the non-breathable shield 2 from the fungus bed was performed.
In Example 1, the non-breathable shield 2 having the function of preventing the breathing was used as the non-breathable object.

The non-breathable shield 2 is a non-breathable shield capable of blocking the outside air. For example, a sheet made of synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polypropylene, or a soft rubber or silicon material is used to breathe air. It is possible to use a sheet-like non-breathable material that does not pass through.
In the germination induction cultivation method of the present invention, a non-breathable object is placed on each of the plurality of fungus beds 1, that is, one piece of non-breathable one on the top of each fungus bed 1 arranged on the shelf 7. It is possible to obtain a fruit body in each fungus bed 1 by placing the shield 2, but when producing efficiently as a business, the fungus bed to be suffocated as shown in FIG. A plurality of bacteria beds 1, 1, 1... Are placed on a flat surface such as a shelf 7 so as to cover a large area of the air-impermeable shield 2 on the top of many bacteria beds 1 at the same time. It is possible to stimulate asphyxiation to many mushroom fungi at the same time and to grow in many fungi beds at the same time.

And in the case where there is only one fungus bed 1 or in many cases, after placing the non-air-permeable shield 2 on the fungus bed 1, leave it for 30 minutes to 6 hours. The mycelium on the upper part of the mycelium bed 1 is temporarily suffocated.
Thereafter, when the suffocation state is released by removing the non-breathable shield 2, the supply of oxygen is resumed, the activity of the mycelium is increased, and when the germination is waited while giving appropriate watering, the upper part receiving the suffocation stimulus Child bodies are generated from the same.

When fruit bodies are generated on the upper part 1a of the fungus bed 1, the occurrence of fruit bodies from the side part 1b and the bottom part of the fungus bed 1 is suppressed. As a result, the occurrence of fruiting bodies on the side face 1b of the fungus bed 1 is suppressed. Less, there will be no secondary pollution caused by the incentive growth of pests caused by reduced yield and decay of fruiting bodies.
In the present invention, there are a plastic resin bag container, a bottle, a box, and the like that can be used as the container for storing the bacterial bed 1 used for cultivation to obtain fruit bodies from the upper part 1a of the bacterial bed 1.

This Example 2 is also a case of shiitake mushroom bed cultivation.
In this Example 2, as in Example 1, the medium of the fungus bed is a hardwood chip, a raw material obtained by adding nutrients and water to sawdust, usually in a rectangular parallelepiped block shape and formed to a predetermined size. Is done.
The fungus bed is sterilized and cooled, and then cultured for an appropriate number of days in an appropriate culture temperature range for each variety, and then transferred to the generation temperature range to obtain the first fruiting body and harvest the mushrooms.
After the first harvesting, the following germination treatment was performed in order to obtain the second and subsequent fruiting bodies from the fungus bed.

  In the present Example 2, in the generation process of fruiting bodies after the harvesting is completed once the cultivation is completed, the water-containing air-impermeable coating 3 is placed on the upper part 1a of the fungus bed 1 as shown in FIG. And after leaving still for a fixed time, giving a suffocation stimulus to this mounting surface part, the said water-containing non-breathable covering 3 was removed from the microbial bed.

In Example 2, as shown in (b) of FIG. 1, a water-containing non-breathable coating 3 having a function of preventing aeration was used as the non-breathable object.
The water-containing non-breathable coating 3 contains water in a porous material using, for example, urethane, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like, or a fibrous material such as cotton, or a highly water-absorbing coating such as a water-absorbing polymer. It is not.
When these materials become wet with water in the gaps such as fibers and holes, they lose their breathability with the water and become non-breathable.
In the present invention using these water-containing non-breathable coatings 3, a plurality of fungus beds 1 are placed on the same plurality of fungus beds 1 as in Example 1 above. The water-containing non-breathable coating 3 is coated on the surface.
The water-containing non-breathable coating 3 may be wet by spraying water from above, or the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 individually wetted with water may be placed on the fungus bed.

And after placing the water-containing non-breathable coating 3, it is allowed to stand for 30 minutes to 6 hours. During this time, only the hyphae of the upper part 1a of the fungus bed covered with the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 are temporarily suffocated.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the covering contains water, and the weight of the water causes deformation to enter the recessed portion of the upper surface of the fungus bed, and the upper surface of the fungus bed and the water-impermeable non-breathable coating. The gap space S generated between the objects is reduced and the suffocation is surely performed.
Thereafter, the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 was removed, and the activity of the suffocated mycelia increased by resuming the oxygen supply. When germination was waited while giving appropriate watering, the fruiting body was subjected to the suffocation stimulus. A uniform occurrence occurs from the part.
When fruit bodies are generated in the upper part 1a of the fungus bed in this manner, the occurrence of fruit bodies from the side surface portion 1b and the bottom surface portion of the fungus bed 1 is suppressed, and as a result, the generation of fruit bodies is reduced on the side surface 1b. The secondary pollution caused by the incentive growth of pests caused by the decrease in yield and decay of fruiting bodies is eliminated.

In Example 3, as the non-breathable object, the non-breathable coating 2 of Example 1 and the water-containing non-breathable coating 2 of Example 2 are vertically arranged as shown in FIG. Use repeatedly.
The non-breathable covering 2 is, for example, a synthetic resin sheet such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polypropylene that can block out the outside air, or a sheet-like non-breathable material that is soft and does not allow air to pass through, such as rubber or silicon. In addition, the water-containing air-impermeable coating 3 is a porous material using urethane, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like, or a fibrous material such as cotton, or a highly water-absorbing coating such as a water-absorbing polymer. Use water with water.
And in the generation process of the fruiting body after the first harvest is finished and the culture is completed, the hydrated air-impermeable coating 3 is placed on the upper part 1a of the fungus bed, and the suffocation stimulus is applied to the placement surface portion from 30 minutes. After standing for 6 hours, the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 is removed from the fungus bed.

In Example 3, fruit bodies are generated in the upper part of the fungus bed regardless of which of the non-breathable coating 2 and the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 is on the lower side. As shown in FIG. 2, when the water-containing air-impermeable coating 3 is placed on the lower side, the water-weighted air-impermeable covering 3 is deformed to enter the recessed portion of the upper surface of the fungus bed due to the weight of the water. The gap space S generated between the covering 3 and the covering 3 can be reduced.
At that time, the water contained in the water-containing air-impermeable coating 3 can be supplied to the upper part 1a of the fungus bed.
On the contrary, when the non-breathable coating 2 is on the lower side, the suffocation can be stimulated without supplying water to the upper part of the fungus bed.
Whether the non-breathable coating 2 and the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 are placed above or below can be selected in consideration of the varieties and properties of mushrooms.

Note that the non-breathable coating 2 and the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 are used separately in FIG. 2C, and are separately used in FIG. 2B. The covering 4 is used as a laminate 4 in which both the porous covering layer 5 and the water-containing air-impermeable covering layer 6 are stacked one above the other.
In the form of (c) in FIG. 2, it takes time and labor since it is divided into two times, but in the form of the moisture-impermeable laminate 4 in (b) of FIG. 2, it is different in that it can be applied in one time. .
In addition, when the water-containing non-breathable coating layer 6 is on the upper side, water can be added by watering, so that it can be easily placed on the fungus bed when it is light before water is added. There is.

[Comparison experiment]
In order to confirm the effects of the above examples of the present invention on Shiitake fungus bed, comparative experiments of the above Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 which are conventional methods were conducted.
The experimental results are as shown in Table 1 below.
In this experiment, Kitaken 607 was used as an inoculum. Then, sterilization, cooling and inoculation by a conventional method, and after culturing at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 120 days, the upper part of the cultivation bag is cut and cultured from the 121st day to the 127th day in a high temperature and humidity environment of 25 ° C. After that, water was supplied into the cultivation bag, and generation management was performed in an air-conditioning room set to 13 ° C / 23 ° C temperature change management (12-hour cycle).
The fungus bed under development in the top cultivation of shiitake fungus bed was left standing in a different generation chamber in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples.

(Comparative Example 1)
Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 below is an experimental result in the case of performing “striking stimulation” by tapping the upper surface of the fungus bed once as a germination stimulation method.

(Comparative Example 2)
Comparative Example 2 in Table 1 below is an experimental result in the case of performing “reversal stimulation” that makes the fungus bed upside down.

(Comparative Example 3)
Comparative Example 3 in Table 1 below is an experimental result when the “pack immersion treatment” described in Patent Document 2 described above in which only the upper surface is immersed in a fruit pack in which the bacteria bed is inverted and water is stored is performed for 1 hour. .

In Examples 1 to 3 appearing in the germination treatment of the present invention in Table 1 below, the stimulation time was set to 1 hour in the same manner as the “packed water treatment” in Comparative Example 3 above, and in Example 1 of the present invention, on the bacteria bed The non-breathable coating 2 that can be sealed to block the fungus bed and the outside air is placed on the part. In Example 2, the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 containing moisture is placed on the upper part of the fungus bed. In Example 3, Both the non-breathable coating 2 and the water-containing non-breathable coating 3 were placed on the upper part of the fungus bed to suffocate.
In the experiment, after obtaining the first mushrooms, each germination stimulus was given when the germination subsided, and the next germination was obtained. The weight was recorded.
The fungus bed was put in a bag and the upper surface was exposed from the bag, and the number of mushrooms generated on the side and bottom surfaces of the fungus bed in the bag was measured.
The number of insects captured in the test space was determined by counting the number of insects attached using a commercially available shelf-type insect trapping adhesive sheet.
Table 1 below, which summarizes the experimental results, is data obtained for each of the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 with respect to the generation yield, the number generated in the bag, and the number of pests captured.

From Table 1 above, in the case of the cultivation method of the present invention in which fruit bodies are obtained only from the upper surface of the fungal bed of Examples 1 to 3, the total yield (generated live weight) is that of the conventional fungus bed sap treatment or fungus bed. In the case of the method by the reversal process (Comparative Examples 1 to 3), 1255 g / bacteria bed to 1367 g / bacteria bed compared to Examples 1 to 3 in 1372 g / bacteria bed to 1436 g / bacteria bed. In the example, it can be confirmed that the number has increased.
And generation | occurrence | production (the amount of generation | occurrence | production in a bag in Table 1) from a microbial bed side is a number, In Comparative Examples 1-3, it was 9-18, In Examples 1-3 of this invention It was confirmed that the decrease was so small that it hardly occurred from 0 to 1.
In addition, since the fruiting bodies no longer rot in the water stretched on the side, the number of pests captured in the generation chamber was 128 to 563 in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, whereas this In Examples 1 to 3 of the invention, there was a significant decrease from 33 to 44 animals.

As a result of this comparison experiment, in the second and subsequent mushroom fruit body generation processes, a non-breathable object is placed on the upper part of the fungus bed, and the asphyxia stimulus is performed by limiting the range on the upper part of the fungus bed. In the above cultivation method of the present invention having a step, many high-quality fruit bodies are generated in a limited stimulation range at the upper part of the fungus bed, and on the other hand, the fruit bodies from the side and bottom surfaces of the fungus bed are generated. It was confirmed that the occurrence can be suppressed. Furthermore, as a result of suppressing the occurrence of fruiting bodies from the side surface and the bottom surface, it was confirmed that the growth of harmful insects and the propagation of various bacteria were prevented.
For this reason, the present invention can prevent the growth of harmful insects on the fungus bed and the propagation of miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in fewer fungi beds than ever before, allowing more harvests from one fungus bed than ever before. It becomes.
Furthermore, in the suffocation stimulation process of the present invention, germination stimulation can be performed by a simple operation of simply placing a non-breathable object without moving the bacterial bed, so that each individual bacteria like conventional germination stimulation The troublesome labor required to move the floor has been reduced, making it possible to reduce production costs and increase production efficiency.

  A book that puts a non-breathable object on the part where you want to germinate the fruiting body even if germination stimulation such as `` reversal stimulation '' or `` pack soaking treatment '' has not been possible so far, such as mushroom bin cultivation and Toro box cultivation By using the suffocation stimulation method of the invention, it becomes possible to perform germination stimulation, and it may be possible to harvest mushrooms that generate fruit bodies even after the second time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bacteria bed 2 Non-breathable shield 3 Water-containing non-breathable coating 4 Non-breathable laminate 5 Non-breathable shielding layer 6 Water-containing non-breathable coating layer 7 Shelf S Gap space

Claims (5)

Using the fungus bed after harvesting the first fruiting body, the second and subsequent fruiting bodies are generated in the fungus bed. And a suffocation stimulating step of removing the non-breathable substance from the fungus bed after giving a suffocation stimulus to the mushroom fungus on the placement surface portion, A fruit body germination-inducing cultivation method characterized in that generation of fruiting bodies is positively induced and the occurrence of fruiting bodies is suppressed at other side and bottom portions that are not stimulated by suffocation.
  In the suffocation stimulation process of the invention according to claim 1, the microbial bed to be suffocated is a plurality of microbial beds arranged on a plane, and a non-breathable object is placed on each microbial bed simultaneously. A germination induction cultivation method for fruiting bodies, wherein the non-breathable body is removed from the plurality of fungal beds after being allowed to stand for a predetermined period of time while giving asphyxia stimulation.   3. The germination induction cultivation method of a fruiting body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the non-breathable object used comprises a non-breathable shield or a water-containing non-breathable coating.   3. A germination induction cultivation method for fruiting bodies according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the non-breathable object used is formed by superimposing a non-breathable shield and a water-containing non-breathable covering. .   In the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the non-breathable object to be used is composed of a non-breathable laminate in which a non-breathable shielding layer and a water-containing non-breathable coating layer are laminated integrally. A germination induction cultivation method for fruiting bodies characterized by the above.

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