JP5385951B2 - Silver brazing material - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、例えば超硬合金部材と他部材とのろう付接合(ろう接)に用いられる銀ろう材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a silver brazing material used for brazing (brazing), for example, a cemented carbide member and another member.
超硬合金は、一般に炭化タングステン(WC)粉末を結合材であるコバルト(Co)を用いて焼結した複合材料であり、高硬度で耐摩耗性に優れ、切削工具などに広く使用されているが、タングステン等の希少金属を主成分としているため、非常に高価である。 Cemented carbide is generally a composite material obtained by sintering tungsten carbide (WC) powder using cobalt (Co) as a binder, and has high hardness and excellent wear resistance, and is widely used in cutting tools and the like. However, it is very expensive since it contains a rare metal such as tungsten as a main component.
このため、例えばドリル等の切削工具においては、シャンク部を再利用することによって、超硬合金使用量の節減が行われている。例えば、使用済み工具の摩耗した刃部のみを除去し、残った超硬合金製のシャンク部に新しい刃部をろう付して工具として再利用する等である。 For this reason, for example, in cutting tools such as drills, the amount of cemented carbide used is reduced by reusing the shank. For example, only a worn blade portion of a used tool is removed, and a new blade portion is brazed to the remaining cemented carbide shank portion to be reused as a tool.
ところで、従来、このような刃部とシャンク部とのろう付には、例えば特許文献1に開示されるような銀(Ag)ろう材が用いられている。 By the way, conventionally, for example, a silver (Ag) brazing material disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used for brazing between the blade portion and the shank portion.
しかしながら、本発明者等は、種々の検討の結果、従来の銀ろう材による超硬合金のろう付時には、超硬合金中の結合材であるCoがろう層部(ろう材)に拡散することにより、接合界面近傍の超硬合金中のCoが欠乏して、破断が起きやすくなることを見出した。 However, as a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that Co, which is a binder in the cemented carbide, diffuses into the brazing layer (brazing material) when brazing the cemented carbide with the conventional silver brazing material. Thus, it was found that Co in the cemented carbide near the bonding interface is deficient and breakage easily occurs.
即ち、ろう付継手のろう層部がある程度の強度を有する場合には、超硬合金内(のCoが欠乏したCo欠乏領域)で破断が起き、このCo欠乏領域の大きさが継手の強度に大きく影響することを見出した。 That is, when the brazing layer portion of the brazed joint has a certain level of strength, fracture occurs in the cemented carbide (the Co-deficient region where Co is deficient), and the size of this Co-deficient region depends on the strength of the joint. I found that it has a big influence.
本発明は、上記問題点を解決したものであり、超硬合金部材を接合する際に用いる場合においても秀れた接合強度を発揮できる極めて実用性に秀れた銀ろう材を提供するものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a silver brazing material excellent in practicality that can exhibit excellent bonding strength even when used in bonding cemented carbide members. is there.
添付図面を参照して本発明の要旨を説明する。 The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)及びコバルト(Co)から成る銀ろう材であって、前記各成分の含有量が、Ag:48.0〜54.0質量%、Cu:19.0〜23.0質量%、Zn:13.0〜30.0質量%、Co:0.1〜2.3質量%であることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。 A silver brazing material composed of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co), wherein the content of each component is Ag: 48.0 to 54.0 mass%, Cu: The present invention relates to a silver brazing material characterized by being 19.0 to 23.0 mass%, Zn: 13.0 to 30.0 mass%, and Co: 0.1 to 2.3 mass%.
また、銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、コバルト(Co)及びスズ(Sn)から成る銀ろう材であって、前記各成分の含有量が、Ag:48.0〜54.0質量%、Cu:19.0〜23.0質量%、Zn:13.0〜30.0質量%、Co:0.1〜2.3質量%、Sn:10.0〜12.0質量%であることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。The silver brazing material is made of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and tin (Sn), and the content of each component is Ag: 48.0 to 54. 0.0 mass%, Cu: 19.0 to 23.0 mass%, Zn: 13.0 to 30.0 mass%, Co: 0.1 to 2.3 mass%, Sn: 10.0 to 12.0 The present invention relates to a silver brazing material characterized by being in mass%.
また、銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)から成る銀ろう材であって、前記各成分の含有量が、Ag:48.0〜54.0質量%、Cu:19.0〜23.0質量%、Zn:13.0〜30.0質量%、Co:0.1〜2.3質量%、Ni:2.1〜2.2質量%であることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。The silver brazing material is made of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni), and the content of each component is Ag: 48.0 to 54. 0.0 mass%, Cu: 19.0 to 23.0 mass%, Zn: 13.0 to 30.0 mass%, Co: 0.1 to 2.3 mass%, Ni: 2.1 to 2.2 The present invention relates to a silver brazing material characterized by being in mass%.
また、請求項1〜3いずれか1項に記載の銀ろう材において、この銀ろう材は該銀ろう材を使用してろう付した際、継手のろう層部にCoを高濃度に含有するCoリッチ相が形成されるものであり、このCoリッチ相の硬さは280HV以上であることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。 Further, in the silver brazing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , when the silver brazing material is brazed using the silver brazing material, the brazing layer portion of the joint contains a high concentration of Co. A Co-rich phase is formed, and the hardness of the Co-rich phase is related to a silver brazing material characterized by being 280 HV or higher.
また、請求項1〜4いずれか1項に記載の銀ろう材において、この銀ろう材は、炭化タングステン(WC)とCoとを主成分とする超硬合金部材と他部材とを接合する際に用いられるものであることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。 The silver brazing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the silver brazing material joins a cemented carbide member mainly composed of tungsten carbide (WC) and Co and another member. The present invention relates to a silver brazing material characterized by being used in
また、請求項5記載の銀ろう材において、前記他部材は前記超硬合金部材であることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。 6. The silver brazing material according to claim 5 , wherein the other member is the cemented carbide member .
また、請求項5,6いずれか1項に記載の銀ろう材において、この銀ろう材は、前記超硬合金部材と接合した際、前記超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面に形成されるCo欠乏領域の幅が1μm以下となるものであることを特徴とする銀ろう材に係るものである。 The silver brazing material according to any one of claims 5 and 6 , wherein the silver brazing material is formed at a joint interface between the cemented carbide member and the silver brazing material when joined to the cemented carbide member. The present invention relates to a silver brazing material characterized in that the width of the Co-deficient region is 1 μm or less.
本発明は上述のように構成したから、超硬合金部材を接合する際に用いる場合においても秀れた接合強度を発揮できる極めて実用性に秀れた銀ろう材となる。 Since the present invention is configured as described above, it becomes a silver brazing material having excellent practicality that can exhibit excellent bonding strength even when used when bonding cemented carbide members.
好適と考える本発明の実施形態を、図面に基づいて本発明の作用を示して簡単に説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention which is considered to be suitable will be briefly described with reference to the drawings showing the operation of the present invention.
予め銀ろう材にCoが含有されているため、例えば、(Coを結合材とする)超硬合金部材をろう付する際、超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面近傍における銀ろう材へのCoの拡散が防止されることになる。従って、超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面近傍のCo欠乏領域の幅を可及的に狭くすることが可能となり、前記超硬合金部材に対しても、それだけ破断し難く接合強度に秀れたろう付を行えるものとなる。 Since Co is contained in the silver brazing material in advance, for example, when brazing a cemented carbide member (with Co as a binder), the silver brazing material in the vicinity of the bonding interface between the cemented carbide member and the silver brazing material This prevents the diffusion of Co. Accordingly, the width of the Co-deficient region in the vicinity of the bonding interface between the cemented carbide member and the silver brazing material can be reduced as much as possible, and the cemented carbide member is less likely to break and has a high bonding strength. Excellent brazing can be performed.
本発明の具体的な実施例について図面に基づいて説明する。 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本実施例は、Ag、Cu、Zn及びCoを主成分とする銀ろう材であって、前記各成分の含有量が、Ag:48.0〜54.0質量%、Cu:19.0〜23.0質量%、Zn:13.0〜30.0質量%、Co:0.1〜2.3質量%に設定されているものである。 This example is a silver brazing material mainly composed of Ag, Cu, Zn, and Co. The content of each component is Ag: 48.0 to 54.0% by mass, Cu: 19.0. It is set to 23.0 mass%, Zn: 13.0-30.0 mass%, Co: 0.1-2.3 mass%.
本実施例における各成分の含有量等の数値限定の範囲は後述する実験例に基づいて導き出されるものであり、まず、本実施例の概略を説明する。 The range of numerical limitations such as the content of each component in this example is derived based on experimental examples described later. First, an outline of this example will be described.
本実施例は、例えば、WCとCoを主成分とする超硬合金部材同士をろう付する際に用いられるものである。尚、超硬合金部材と超硬合金部材以外の部材とをろう付する際に用いても良いし、超硬合金部材以外の部材同士をろう付する際に用いても良い。 This embodiment, for example, is used when the brazing cemented carbide members What happened mainly composed of WC and Co. In addition, you may use when brazing a cemented carbide member and members other than a cemented carbide member, and you may use when brazing members other than a cemented carbide member.
また、本実施例は、Coを高濃度に含有するCoリッチ相を有し、このCoリッチ相の硬さが280HV以上となるように、更に好ましくは300HV以上となるようにCoの含有量が設定されている。280HV以上の硬度がない場合、Coを含有せしめることによる接合強度向上効果が十分に発揮されないためである。 In addition, this example has a Co-rich phase containing Co at a high concentration, and the Co content is such that the hardness of the Co-rich phase is 280 HV or more, more preferably 300 HV or more. Is set. This is because when there is no hardness of 280 HV or more, the effect of improving the bonding strength due to the inclusion of Co is not sufficiently exhibited.
また、本実施例は、銀ろう材と前記超硬合金部材とを接合した際、前記超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面に形成されるCo欠乏領域の幅が1μm以下となるようにCoの含有量が設定されている。1μmを超えるCo欠乏領域が存在するとCoを含有せしめることによる接合強度向上効果が十分に発揮されないためである。尚、Co欠乏領域とは、超硬合金部材においてCo量が他領域より少ない領域のことであり、本実施例では接合界面に対し直交する方向の長さをCo欠乏領域の幅としている。このCo欠乏領域の幅は例えば、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)に搭載されたエネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDS)を用いた元素の面分析によって確認することができる。例えば、図3,8,15では夫々の写真の左側に超硬合金部材、右側にろう層部が配置されるように接合界面近傍を観察したものであり、写真中の左右に横断する線はCo量を表しており、夫々の写真中で線が上にあるほどCo量が多いことを示すためこの線によりCo欠乏領域の幅を求める。具体的には、一辺がWC粒径の40倍以上の領域で面分析により超硬合金部材のCo量を測定し、それを平均化した線を接合界面に対し直交する方向で表した時に、接合界面に向かい平均化した線が下がり始める(Co量が減少し始める)所から、接合界面までの領域をCo欠乏領域としてその幅を求める。 Further, in this example, when the brazing filler metal and the cemented carbide member are joined, the width of the Co-deficient region formed at the joining interface between the cemented carbide member and the silver brazing material is 1 μm or less. The content of Co is set in This is because if there is a Co deficient region exceeding 1 μm, the effect of improving the bonding strength due to the inclusion of Co is not sufficiently exhibited. The Co-deficient region is a region where the amount of Co in the cemented carbide member is smaller than other regions. In this embodiment, the length in the direction perpendicular to the bonding interface is the width of the Co-deficient region. The width of this Co-deficient region can be confirmed, for example, by elemental surface analysis using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) mounted on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For example, in FIGS. 3, 8 and 15, the vicinity of the bonding interface is observed so that the cemented carbide member is arranged on the left side of each photograph and the brazing layer portion is arranged on the right side. The amount of Co is shown, and the higher the line in each photograph, the larger the amount of Co, so that the width of the Co-deficient region is obtained from this line. Specifically, when the Co amount of the cemented carbide member is measured by surface analysis in a region where one side is 40 times or more the WC grain size, and the averaged line is expressed in a direction orthogonal to the bonding interface, The area from the point where the averaged line starts to fall toward the junction interface (the amount of Co begins to decrease) to the junction interface is defined as the Co deficiency region, and the width is obtained.
また、上記構成に、スズ(Sn)を10.0〜12.0質量%添加したり、ニッケル(Ni)を2.1〜2.2質量%添加しても良い。この場合にも、良好な銀ろう材を得ることが可能である。 Moreover, 10.0 to 12.0 mass% of tin (Sn) may be added to the said structure, or 2.1 to 2.2 mass% of nickel (Ni) may be added. Also in this case, it is possible to obtain a good silver brazing material.
尚、融点(液相線)が700℃以下となるように各成分の含有量を設定すると、ろう付時の加熱温度をそれだけ低くすることが可能となり、ろう付工程における作業性の向上と省エネルギー化が可能となる。 If the content of each component is set so that the melting point (liquidus) is 700 ° C. or less, the heating temperature at the time of brazing can be lowered accordingly, improving workability and energy saving in the brazing process. Can be realized.
本実施例は上述のように構成したから、予め銀ろう材にCoが含有されることで、Coを結合材とする超硬合金部材をろう付する際、超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面近傍における銀ろう材へのCoの拡散が防止されることになる。従って、超硬合金部材の銀ろう材との接合界面近傍のCo欠乏領域の幅を可及的に狭くすることが可能となり、前記超硬合金部材に対しても、それだけ破断し難く接合強度に秀れたろう付を行えるものとなる。 Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, when brazing a cemented carbide member having Co as a binder by previously containing Co in the silver brazing material, the silver brazing material of the cemented carbide member and Co diffusion to the silver brazing material in the vicinity of the bonding interface is prevented. Accordingly, the width of the Co-deficient region in the vicinity of the bonding interface between the cemented carbide member and the silver brazing material can be reduced as much as possible, and the cemented carbide member is less likely to break and has a high bonding strength. Excellent brazing can be performed.
よって、本実施例は、超硬合金部材を接合する際に用いる場合でも秀れた接合強度を発揮できる極めて実用性に秀れたものとなる。 Therefore, the present embodiment is extremely practical in that it can exhibit excellent bonding strength even when used when bonding cemented carbide members.
以下、本実施例の効果を裏付ける実験例について詳述する。 Hereinafter, experimental examples supporting the effects of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
供試材には、直径6mmの超硬合金(WC−9.2mass%Co−0.8mass%Cr−0.4mass%V,抗折力:約3990MPa)丸棒を用いた。なお、含有量を示す単位である「質量%」と「mass%」とは同じ意味であり、本明細書においてはこれらを併用している。WCの平均粒径は約0.2μmである。接合用試験片の長さは50mmであり、接合端面をダイヤモンドペーストによって鏡面に仕上げた(平均表面粗さ:Ra≒0.05μm)後、アセトン中で超音波洗浄して接合に供した。 As a test material, a 6 mm diameter cemented carbide (WC-9.2 mass% Co-0.8 mass% Cr-0.4 mass% V, bending strength: about 3990 MPa) round bar was used. In addition, “mass%” and “mass%”, which are units indicating the content, have the same meaning, and are used together in this specification. The average particle size of WC is about 0.2 μm. The length of the test piece for joining was 50 mm, and the joining end face was finished to a mirror surface with diamond paste (average surface roughness: Ra≈0.05 μm), and then subjected to joining by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone.
用いたろう材は、超硬合金のろう付に用いられているBAg−24,BAg−24の組成のうちNiを除いた銀ろう材(BAg−24−0Ni)、及び、本発明者等が開発した特許第4093322号に係る銀ろう材(BAg0)と、それぞれにCoを添加した銀ろう材(本実施例)である。用いた銀ろう材の化学組成と液相線を図1に示す。Coの添加量は図1中最左欄の「−0.1Co」,「−1Co」等と表示される通りである(いずれも単位はmass%)。液相線は示差熱分析法(DTA)によって測定した。なお、特開昭63−317290号公報には、Coを添加した銀ろう材が記載されているが、用途やCoを添加する目的が異なっている。また、超硬合金用の銀ろう材には、Znが含有されていないと超硬合金に対して銀ろうが濡れずに接合が困難であるため、特開昭63−317290号公報に記載の銀ろう材は超硬合金のろう付には適用できない。 The brazing material used is a silver brazing material (BAg-24-0Ni) excluding Ni in the composition of BAg-24 and BAg-24 used for brazing of cemented carbide, and developed by the present inventors. The silver brazing material (BAg0) according to Japanese Patent No. 4093322 and the silver brazing material to which Co is added (Example). The chemical composition and liquidus of the silver brazing material used are shown in FIG. The amount of Co added is as shown in the leftmost column of FIG. 1 as “−0.1Co”, “−1Co”, etc. (the unit is mass%). The liquidus was measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-317290 discloses a silver brazing material to which Co is added, but uses and purposes for adding Co are different. In addition, since the silver brazing material for cemented carbide does not contain Zn, it is difficult to join the cemented carbide with the silver brazing alloy. Therefore, it is difficult to join the cemented carbide described in JP-A-63-317290. Silver brazing material is not applicable for brazing of cemented carbide.
接合に用いたろう付装置の概略を図2(a)に示す。ろう付は大気中で行い、加熱は高周波誘導加熱によって行った。垂直に配置した二本の接合試験片(超硬合金部材)の接合面に市販のフラックスを塗布し、質量約0.05gの薄片状のろうを挿入した後、加熱速度10℃/sで所定の温度(この温度を接合温度と呼ぶ)まで加熱した。接合温度に30s間保持した後、空冷した。接合温度は、使用するろうにより、650℃または750℃とした。試験片の温度は、接合端面から約1mm離れた箇所に取り付けたR熱電対で測定した。なお、図2(b)に示すように,上側試験片の接合面に直径0.1mmのタングステン線を挿入してクリアランスを0.1mmに保持した。接合中は、超硬合金丸棒(接合試験片)の軸方向に約90Nの荷重を加えた。 The outline of the brazing apparatus used for joining is shown in FIG. Brazing was performed in the atmosphere, and heating was performed by high frequency induction heating. A commercially available flux is applied to the joining surfaces of two joining test pieces (super-hard alloy members) arranged vertically, and a flaky wax having a mass of about 0.05 g is inserted, followed by a heating rate of 10 ° C./s. (This temperature is referred to as the bonding temperature). After holding at the bonding temperature for 30 s, it was air-cooled. The bonding temperature was 650 ° C. or 750 ° C., depending on the solder used. The temperature of the test piece was measured with an R thermocouple attached at a location about 1 mm away from the joint end face. In addition, as shown in FIG.2 (b), the 0.1 mm diameter tungsten wire was inserted in the joining surface of the upper side test piece, and the clearance was hold | maintained at 0.1 mm. During the joining, a load of about 90 N was applied in the axial direction of the cemented carbide round bar (joint specimen).
ろう付された接合体は、中央部を直径4mmで平行部長さ5mmに加工後、三点曲げ試験(支点間距離:25mm,試験速度:0.1mm/min)を行い、曲げ強さを測定した。この曲げ強さを継手の接合強さとした。また、ろう層部(ろう付した状態のろう材)の組織や破断経路を走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)によって観察し、エネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDS)によって元素分析等を行った。ろう層部組織の硬さ試験は、ダイナミック超微小硬度計を用いて行い、試験時間10sでビッカース硬さを求めた。 The brazed joint is processed into a center part of 4 mm in diameter and a parallel part length of 5 mm, and then subjected to a three-point bending test (distance between fulcrums: 25 mm, test speed: 0.1 mm / min) to measure the bending strength. did. This bending strength was defined as the joint strength of the joint. Further, the structure and fracture path of the brazing layer portion (the brazing material in the brazed state) were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and elemental analysis and the like were performed with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The hardness test of the brazing layer part structure was performed using a dynamic ultra-micro hardness meter, and the Vickers hardness was obtained at a test time of 10 s.
次に実験結果について説明する。 Next, experimental results will be described.
図3に従来から超硬合金のろう付に使用されているBAg−24と、これからNiを除いたBAg−24−0Niと、BAg0を使用してろう付した継手の接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏の様子を示す。接合温度は、BAg−24,BAg−24−0Niを使用した場合は750℃で、BAg0を使用した場合は650℃である。従来から超硬合金用のろう付に使用されているBAg−24による継手のCo欠乏領域の幅は比較的広くなっているのがわかる。これは、ろう成分中にCoと全率で固溶するNiが含まれている影響で、超硬合金中のCoがろう層部に拡散しやすくなっていることが原因と考えられる。また、接合温度が低い場合にCo欠乏領域が狭くなっているが、これは接合温度が低いため、Coがろう層中に拡散しにくかったためと考えられる。 Fig. 3 shows BAg-24, which has been conventionally used for brazing cemented carbide, BAg-24-0Ni excluding Ni from this, and cemented carbide near the joint interface of joints brazed using BAg0. The state of medium Co deficiency is shown. The bonding temperature is 750 ° C. when BAg-24, BAg-24-0Ni is used, and 650 ° C. when BAg0 is used. It can be seen that the width of the Co-deficient region of the joint made of BAg-24, which has been conventionally used for brazing for cemented carbide, is relatively wide. This is considered to be because Co in the cemented carbide is easily diffused into the brazing layer portion due to the influence of Ni contained in the brazing component in a solid solution with Co. Further, when the junction temperature is low, the Co-deficient region is narrowed. This is probably because Co is difficult to diffuse into the brazing layer because the junction temperature is low.
それぞれの銀ろうを使用してろう付された継手の曲げ強さを図4に示す。BAg−24とBAg−24−0Niを比較すると、超硬合金中Co欠乏領域が狭かったBAg−24−0Niの方が曲げ強さが高かった。しかし、Co欠乏領域が最も狭かったBAg0による継手の曲げ強さは、一番低い値を示した。 The bending strength of the joint brazed using each silver solder is shown in FIG. When BAg-24 and BAg-24-0Ni were compared, the bending strength was higher in BAg-24-0Ni where the Co-deficient region in the cemented carbide was narrow. However, the bending strength of the joint by BAg0 having the narrowest Co-deficient region showed the lowest value.
次に、それぞれの銀ろうによる継手の曲げ試験後の破面の様子を図5に示すが、BAg−24とBAg−24−0Niを使用した継手の破断は、図5(a),(b)に示すようにほとんどが超硬合金内での破断であった。また、図5(c)に示すように、BAg0による継手の破断は主にろう層内で起きていた。このことから、BAg−24よりBAg−24−0Niによる継手の曲げ強さが高くなったのは、超硬合金中Co欠乏領域が狭いことにより、超硬合金内での破断が起きにくかったことが原因と考えられる。また、BAg0による継手の曲げ強さが低かった原因は、ろう層部が弱かったためと考えられる。 Next, the state of the fracture surface after the bending test of each joint by silver brazing is shown in FIG. 5. The fracture of the joint using BAg-24 and BAg-24-0Ni is shown in FIGS. Most of the fractures occurred in the cemented carbide as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5 (c), the fracture of the joint due to BAg0 occurred mainly in the brazing layer. From this, the bending strength of the joint by BAg-24-0Ni was higher than that of BAg-24 because the Co-deficient region in the cemented carbide was narrow and it was difficult for fracture in the cemented carbide to occur. Is considered to be the cause. The reason why the bending strength of the joint by BAg0 was low is considered to be that the brazing layer portion was weak.
次に、BAg0へのCo添加の影響について調べた。上述したようにBAg0による継手の破断はろう層部で起きているため、曲げ強さの向上のためにはろう層部の強化が必要である。また、超硬合金中Co欠乏領域についても、接合温度が低いために狭くなってはいるものの、ろう層部の強化によりこの欠乏領域が問題になることも十分に考えられる。そこで、あらかじめ銀ろう中にCoを添加することで、超硬合金からのCoの拡散を抑えると同時に、Coの固溶強化によるろう層部の強化を期待した。図6にBAg0とこれにCoを添加した銀ろうによる継手の曲げ強さを示す。Coを微量添加することにより、それによる継手の曲げ強さが向上し、添加量0.5mass%で最大の曲げ強さを示した。また、さらに添加量を増加させた場合、それによる継手の曲げ強さは低下する傾向を示した。曲げ試験後の破面の様子を図7に示すが、Coを0.5mass%添加した銀ろうを使用した場合には、破断が一部超硬合金内で発生していた。このことから、Coの添加によりろう層部が破断しにくくなったことが予想される。また、Coを2mass%添加した銀ろうを使用した場合には、ろう層部での破断がほとんどであり、過度にCoを添加することで、ろう層部が弱くなっていることが予想される。 Next, the influence of Co addition to BAg0 was investigated. As described above, since the fracture of the joint due to BAg0 occurs in the brazing layer portion, it is necessary to strengthen the brazing layer portion in order to improve the bending strength. Further, although the Co-deficient region in the cemented carbide is narrow because the bonding temperature is low, it is fully conceivable that this deficient region becomes a problem due to the strengthening of the brazing layer portion. Therefore, by adding Co to the silver brazing in advance, the diffusion of Co from the cemented carbide was suppressed, and at the same time, the brazing layer portion was expected to be strengthened by solid solution strengthening of Co. FIG. 6 shows the bending strength of a joint made of silver solder with BAg0 and Co added thereto. By adding a small amount of Co, the bending strength of the joint was improved, and the maximum bending strength was shown at an addition amount of 0.5 mass%. Moreover, when the addition amount was further increased, the bending strength of the joint due to the addition amount tended to decrease. FIG. 7 shows the state of the fracture surface after the bending test. When a silver brazing alloy containing 0.5 mass% of Co was used, the fracture partially occurred in the cemented carbide. From this, it is expected that the brazing layer portion is not easily broken by the addition of Co. In addition, when a silver brazing alloy containing 2 mass% of Co is used, the fracture at the brazing layer portion is almost all, and it is expected that the brazing layer portion is weakened by adding Co excessively. .
図8にBAg0とBAg0−0.5Coを使用してろう付した継手の接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏の様子を示す。Coを0.5mass%添加したことで、超硬合金中のCo欠乏領域が縮小したことがわかる。このことから、Coを添加することで、それによる継手は超硬合金での破断が起きにくくなることが考えられる。次に、BAg0とBAg0−0.5Coを使用してろう付した継手のろう層部組織を図9に示す。通常の銀ろうの凝固組織は、α−Cu相(Znと少しのAgを含む銅固溶体)の初晶,α1−Ag相(Znと少しのCuを含む銀固溶体)及びこれらの共晶が主体であると言われていて、本実験例においてもこれと同様の組織となっていると考えられる。すなわち、Wで示す相は銀固溶体相、Dで示す相は銅固溶体相、Eで示す部分はWとDの共晶組織と考えられ、いずれのろう層部にもこれらの組織が見られた。また、Coを添加した銀ろうを使用した場合にはBで示すCoリッチ相が見られた。Coリッチ相の定義については後述する。 FIG. 8 shows the state of Co deficiency in the cemented carbide near the joint interface of a joint brazed using BAg0 and BAg0-0.5Co. It can be seen that the addition of 0.5 mass% Co reduced the Co deficient region in the cemented carbide. From this, it can be considered that the addition of Co makes it difficult for the joint made thereby to break in the cemented carbide. Next, the brazing layer structure of the joint brazed using BAg0 and BAg0-0.5Co is shown in FIG. The solidification structure of normal silver brazing is mainly composed of primary crystals of α-Cu phase (copper solid solution containing Zn and a little Ag), α1-Ag phase (silver solid solution containing Zn and a little Cu), and eutectics thereof. In this experimental example, it is considered that the same organization is formed. That is, the phase indicated by W is considered to be a silver solid solution phase, the phase indicated by D is considered to be a copper solid solution phase, the portion indicated by E is considered to be a eutectic structure of W and D, and these structures were observed in any brazing layer portion. . In addition, when a silver solder added with Co was used, a Co-rich phase indicated by B was observed. The definition of the Co rich phase will be described later.
各相の化学組成とビッカース硬さを図10に示す。なお、Coリッチ相は非常に小さく硬さ測定が困難だったため、後述するBAg0−2Coを使用した継手のろう層部に形成されたほぼ同組成の相の硬さをこの相の硬さとしている。銀固溶体相、銅固溶体相ともに、含有するCo量が増加し、それに伴い、硬さも上昇しているのがわかる。以上のことから、BAg0−0.5Coを使用した継手の曲げ強さの向上は、接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏領域の縮小と、ろう層部の固溶強化によるものと考えられる。 The chemical composition and Vickers hardness of each phase are shown in FIG. In addition, since the Co-rich phase was very small and it was difficult to measure the hardness, the hardness of the phase having almost the same composition formed in the brazing layer portion of the joint using BAg0-2Co described later is regarded as the hardness of this phase. . It can be seen that in both the silver solid solution phase and the copper solid solution phase, the amount of Co contained increases, and the hardness increases accordingly. From the above, it is considered that the improvement of the bending strength of the joint using BAg0-0.5Co is due to the reduction of the Co deficient region in the cemented carbide near the joining interface and the solid solution strengthening of the brazing layer.
BAg0−2Coを使用した継手のろう層部の組織を図11に示す。ろう層部に形成される相はBAg0−0.5Coによる継手と同じであったが、Bで示すCoリッチ相が多く、粗大になっていた。また、この相のビッカース硬さは390HVと硬くなっていた。この硬さはCoリッチ相の平均硬さであるが、硬さは低いものでも300HV以上であった。図12にBAg0−2Coによる継手の破断経路を示すが、破断は硬いCoリッチ相の周囲で起きていた。このことから、Coの添加量を増加させた場合に曲げ強さが低下したのは、Coリッチ相の増加と粗大化が原因であると考えられる。 The structure of the brazing layer portion of the joint using BAg0-2Co is shown in FIG. The phase formed in the brazing layer portion was the same as that of the joint made of BAg0-0.5Co, but there were many Co-rich phases indicated by B, which were coarse. Further, the Vickers hardness of this phase was as hard as 390 HV. This hardness is the average hardness of the Co-rich phase, but it was 300 HV or higher even if the hardness was low. FIG. 12 shows the fracture path of the joint with BAg0-2Co. The fracture occurred around the hard Co-rich phase. From this, it is considered that the bending strength decreased when the amount of Co added was increased due to an increase in Co-rich phase and coarsening.
次に、BAg−24−0NiへのCo添加の影響について調べた。 Next, the influence of Co addition to BAg-24-0Ni was examined.
BAg−24−0NiとこれにCoを添加した銀ろうを使用してろう付した継手の曲げ強さを図13に示す。Coを微量添加することにより、それによる継手の曲げ強さが向上し、添加量0.5%で最大の曲げ強さを示した。また、添加量を増加させた場合、それによる継手の曲げ強さは低下する傾向を示した。これは、BAg0にCoを添加した場合と同様の結果であった。曲げ試験後の破面の様子を図14に示すが、BAg−24−0NiとBAg−24−0Ni−0.5Coを使用した継手の破断は、そのほとんどが超硬合金での破断であった。また、BAg−24−0Ni−2Coを使用した継手の場合は、ろう層部での破断が多く見られた。 FIG. 13 shows the bending strength of a joint brazed using BAg-24-0Ni and a silver brazing alloy with Co added thereto. By adding a small amount of Co, the bending strength of the joint was improved, and the maximum bending strength was shown at an addition amount of 0.5%. Moreover, when the addition amount was increased, the bending strength of the joint due to it increased. This was the same result as when Co was added to BAg0. FIG. 14 shows the state of the fracture surface after the bending test. Most of the fractures of the joints using BAg-24-0Ni and BAg-24-0Ni-0.5Co were fractures of cemented carbide. . In the case of the joint using BAg-24-0Ni-2Co, many fractures at the brazing layer portion were observed.
BAg−24−0Ni、BAg−24−0Ni−0.5Co、BAg−24−0Ni−2Coを使用してろう付した継手の接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏の様子を図15に示す。Co添加によりCo欠乏領域が縮小しているのがわかる。また、Co添加量が0.5mass%と2.0mass%ではほとんど違いは見られなかった。このことから、前述のBAg0にCoを添加した場合と同様に、Coを添加することで超硬合金での破断が起きにくくなっていると考えられる。 FIG. 15 shows the state of Co deficiency in the cemented carbide near the joint interface of a joint brazed using BAg-24-0Ni, BAg-24-0Ni-0.5Co, and BAg-24-0Ni-2Co. It can be seen that the Co-deficient region is reduced by adding Co. Further, there was almost no difference between the Co addition amount of 0.5 mass% and 2.0 mass%. From this, it is considered that the fracture in the cemented carbide is less likely to occur by adding Co, as in the case of adding Co to BAg0.
BAg−24−0NiとBAg−24−0Ni−0.5Coを使用してろう付した継手のろう層部の組織を図16に示す。図9に示したBAg0による継手のろう層部に形成される組織とは大きく異なるものの、現れる相は同じと考えられ、銀固溶体と銅固溶体とこれらの共晶組織、そして、Coを添加した場合には黒く見えるCoリッチ相が見られた。また、各相の化学組成とビッカース硬さを図17に示す。なお、上述のBAg0の場合と同様にCoリッチ相は非常に小さく硬さ測定が困難だったため、後述するBAg−24−0Ni−2Coを使用した継手のろう層部に形成されたほぼ同組成の相の硬さをこの相の硬さとしている。上述のBAg0にCoを添加した場合と同様に、Coを添加することで各相に固溶されるCo量が増加し、それに伴い硬さも上昇した。このことから、BAg−24−0NiにCoを添加することで、それによる曲げ強さが向上した原因は、接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏領域の縮小とCoの固溶強化により、超硬合金とろう層部が破断しにくくなったためと考えられる。BAg−24−0Ni−2Coによる継手のろう層部組織を図18に示す。黒く見えるCoリッチ相が多く粗大になっている。Co添加量を増加すると、それによる継手の曲げ強さが低下した原因は、BAg0にCoを添加した場合と同様に、この硬く粗大なCoリッチ相により、ろう層部が破断しやすくなったためと考えられる。 The structure of the brazing layer portion of the joint brazed using BAg-24-0Ni and BAg-24-0Ni-0.5Co is shown in FIG. Although it differs greatly from the structure formed in the brazing layer portion of the joint by BAg0 shown in FIG. 9, the appearing phases are considered to be the same, and when silver solid solution, copper solid solution, their eutectic structure, and Co are added Showed a Co-rich phase that looked black. Moreover, the chemical composition and Vickers hardness of each phase are shown in FIG. As in the case of BAg0 described above, the Co-rich phase was very small and it was difficult to measure the hardness, so that the composition of almost the same composition formed in the brazing layer portion of the joint using BAg-24-0Ni-2Co described later was used. The hardness of the phase is the hardness of this phase. Similar to the case of adding Co to BAg0, the amount of Co dissolved in each phase increased by adding Co, and the hardness increased accordingly. From this, the reason why the bending strength is improved by adding Co to BAg-24-0Ni is due to the reduction of the Co deficient region in the cemented carbide near the bonding interface and the strengthening of the solid solution of Co. This is considered to be because the hard alloy and the brazing layer portion are less likely to break. The brazing layer structure of the joint made of BAg-24-0Ni-2Co is shown in FIG. Many Co-rich phases that appear black are coarse. As the amount of Co increases, the bending strength of the joint decreases due to the fact that the braze layer portion easily breaks due to this hard and coarse Co-rich phase, as in the case of adding Co to BAg0. Conceivable.
次に、BAg−24へのCo添加の影響について調べた。 Next, the influence of Co addition to BAg-24 was examined.
BAg−24とこれにCoを添加した銀ろうを使用してろう付した継手の曲げ強さを図19に示す。上述したBAg−24−0Niの場合と同様に、Coを添加することでそれによる継手の曲げ強さが向上したが、BAg−24−0NiにCoを添加した銀ろうによる継手の曲げ強さに比べると低い値を示した。また、Co添加量を増加させても曲げ強さの明らかな低下は見られなかった。図20に曲げ試験後の破面の様子を示すが、BAg−24とBAg−24−0.5Coによる継手の破断は、そのほとんどが超硬合金内で起きていた。また、Co添加量が増加すると、それによる継手の破断はろう層内での破断が多くなった。図21にBAg−24とBAg−24−0.5CoとBAg−24−2Coによる継手の接合界面近傍の超硬合金中Co欠乏の様子を示す。BAg0またはBAg−24−0NiにCoを添加した場合は、夫々図8と図15に示すように、その添加量が0.5mass%でCoの欠乏はほとんど見られなくなっていたが(Co欠乏領域の幅が0.5μm未満)、BAg−24にCoを0.5mass%添加した場合は、それによる継手の接合界面近傍の超硬合金Co欠乏領域は、まだ広かった。これは、銀ろうに含まれるNiとCoは全率で固溶する元素であるため、微量のCo添加では超硬合金からろう層部への拡散が起こっていることが考えられる。Coを2mass%添加した場合には、接合界面近傍のCo欠乏領域はほとんど見られなくなっていた。次に、BAg−24、BAg−24−0.5Co、BAg−24−2Coによる継手の接合部組織を図22に示す。それぞれの接合部に銀固溶体と銅固溶体と思われる相が見られた。また、Coを添加した銀ろうを使用した継手のろう層部には黒く見えるCoリッチ相が見られた。各相の化学組成を図23に示すが、このCoリッチ相はBAg0やBAg−24−0NiにCoを添加した場合とは違い、含有するCoの割合が少なく、Niが若干多く含まれていた。Co含有量には多少のばらつきがあったが、一番少ないもので約58at%であった。この結果より、Coリッチ相はCoを55at%以上含有する相と定義した。また、添加量が多くなるにつれ、Co濃度が高くなっていた。このことから、Co添加量が多くなるとろう層部での破断が起きやすくなり、ろう層部での破断が多くなったと考えられる。しかし、NiはCoを全率で固溶する元素であるために、ろう成分中にNiを含んでいる場合は、Niを含んでいない場合に比べて、Coリッチ相のCo濃度が低く、また粗大化も起こりにくいために接合強度の明らかな低下が見られなかったと考えられる。しかし、さらにCo添加量を増加させた場合には徐々に接合強度が低下することが予測される。 FIG. 19 shows the bending strength of a joint brazed using BAg-24 and a silver braze added with Co. As in the case of BAg-24-0Ni described above, the bending strength of the joint was improved by adding Co, but the bending strength of the joint by silver brazing with Co added to BAg-24-0Ni was improved. Compared to a low value. Further, even when the amount of Co added was increased, no apparent decrease in bending strength was observed. FIG. 20 shows the state of the fracture surface after the bending test. Most of the fractures of the joints with BAg-24 and BAg-24-0.5Co occurred in the cemented carbide. Further, when the amount of Co added was increased, the fracture of the joint caused by that increased in the brazing layer. FIG. 21 shows a state of Co deficiency in the cemented carbide near the joint interface of the joints of BAg-24, BAg-24-0.5Co, and BAg-24-2Co. When Co was added to BAg0 or BAg-24-0Ni, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 15, respectively, the addition amount was 0.5 mass%, but almost no Co deficiency was observed (Co deficient region). When 0.5 mass% of Co was added to BAg-24, the cemented carbide Co-deficient region near the joint interface of the joint was still wide. This is because Ni and Co contained in the silver brazing are elements that are solid-solved at a total rate, and it is considered that diffusion from the cemented carbide to the brazing layer occurs when a small amount of Co is added. When 2 mass% of Co was added, a Co-deficient region near the junction interface was hardly seen. Next, the joint structure of the joint made of BAg-24, BAg-24-0.5Co, and BAg-24-2Co is shown in FIG. A phase considered to be a silver solid solution and a copper solid solution was observed at each joint. Further, a Co-rich phase that looks black was observed in the brazing layer portion of the joint using the silver brazing added with Co. The chemical composition of each phase is shown in FIG. 23. Unlike the case where Co was added to BAg0 or BAg-24-0Ni, the Co-rich phase contained a small proportion of Co and contained a little more Ni. . There was some variation in the Co content, but the smallest content was about 58 at%. From this result, the Co-rich phase was defined as a phase containing 55 at% or more of Co. Moreover, the Co concentration increased as the amount added increased. From this fact, it is considered that when the amount of Co added is increased, breakage at the brazing layer portion is likely to occur, and breakage at the brazing layer portion is increased. However, since Ni is an element that dissolves Co at a total rate, when the brazing component contains Ni, the Co-rich phase has a lower Co concentration than when it does not contain Ni, It is considered that since the coarsening hardly occurs, no obvious decrease in the bonding strength was observed. However, it is predicted that the bonding strength gradually decreases when the amount of added Co is further increased.
以上から、BAg−24、BAg−24−0Ni、BAg0のいずれに対しても、適量のCoを添加することで、超硬合金部材同士をろう付した際、曲げ強さ(接合強度)を向上させることが可能であることを確認できた。 From the above, for any of BAg-24, BAg-24-0Ni, and BAg0, the bending strength (joining strength) is improved when brazing cemented carbide members by adding an appropriate amount of Co. We were able to confirm that
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