Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP5386972B2 - Hot metal dephosphorization method - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP5386972B2 - Hot metal dephosphorization method - Google Patents

Hot metal dephosphorization method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5386972B2
JP5386972B2 JP2008327167A JP2008327167A JP5386972B2 JP 5386972 B2 JP5386972 B2 JP 5386972B2 JP 2008327167 A JP2008327167 A JP 2008327167A JP 2008327167 A JP2008327167 A JP 2008327167A JP 5386972 B2 JP5386972 B2 JP 5386972B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cao
hot metal
dephosphorization
slag
basicity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2008327167A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2010150574A (en
Inventor
進 務川
周 松本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp filed Critical Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
Priority to JP2008327167A priority Critical patent/JP5386972B2/en
Publication of JP2010150574A publication Critical patent/JP2010150574A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5386972B2 publication Critical patent/JP5386972B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Description

本発明は、鉄鋼精錬において、鋼材の性質に悪影響を及ぼす珪素、りんの効率的な除去方法を提供するものであり、鉄鋼の精錬において広く適用し得る技術である。また、本発明は、酸素ガスを多量に上吹きして脱珪脱りん処理を行う転炉方式溶銑予備処理技術に関する。なお、本明細書において塩基度とは、スラグの塩基度を意味するものである。   The present invention provides an efficient method for removing silicon and phosphorus that adversely affects the properties of steel materials in steel refining, and is a technique that can be widely applied in steel refining. The present invention also relates to a converter type hot metal pretreatment technique for performing desiliconization and phosphorus removal treatment by blowing a large amount of oxygen gas. In addition, in this specification, basicity means the basicity of slag.

鉄鋼材料は、大量に製造され、広く社会一般に用いられることにより、素材として、重要な役割を担ってきた。また、このように鋼材が社会に広く受け入れられてきた理由として、安価で安定供給を可能とする製造技術の発展によるところも大である。   Steel materials have played an important role as raw materials by being manufactured in large quantities and widely used in general society. Moreover, the reason why steel materials have been widely accepted by society in this way is largely due to the development of manufacturing technology that enables stable supply at low cost.

鉄鋼材料に含まれるりん、硫黄などの不純物は、その原料である鉄鉱石や石炭から混入するものであるが、これらの不純物は一般に鋼材を脆くし、性質を悪化させるため、これを除くために、これまでにも、多くの技術が開発・検討されてきた。鉄鋼材料は安価であることから、如何に効率的に、安価に不純物を除去するかも重要な点である。
特に、日本において、1980年代より、高炉溶銑を主たる原料とする場合に、溶銑段階でりん、硫黄などの不純物を取り除く、溶銑予備処理技術が発展した。また、本技術は、当初、一部の高級鋼材を対象に適用されていたが、製造品種全体の高級化、あるいは、精錬コスト低減の観点から、製鉄所における全ての製造品に適用する大量処理プロセスとして発展して来た。この場合、生産性の確保と、精錬コストの低減が技術的に最も重要になる。
Impurities such as phosphorus and sulfur contained in steel materials are mixed from the raw iron ore and coal, but these impurities generally make steel materials brittle and deteriorate their properties. So far, many technologies have been developed and studied. Since steel materials are inexpensive, it is also important how to remove impurities efficiently and inexpensively.
Particularly in Japan, since the 1980s, hot metal pretreatment technology has been developed to remove impurities such as phosphorus and sulfur in the hot metal stage when blast furnace hot metal is the main raw material. In addition, this technology was initially applied to some high-grade steel materials, but from the viewpoint of upgrading the overall production varieties or reducing refining costs, mass processing applied to all manufactured products at steelworks. Has evolved as a process. In this case, securing productivity and reducing refining costs are the most technically important.

溶銑の脱りん処理について言えば、脱りん剤の使用量や熱ロスを極限まで低減し、なおかつ、例えば従来40分要していた処理時間を10分程度の短時間とすることにより、コスト低減と生産性の両立が図られる。このため、従来、様々な技術的提案がなされている。
溶銑の脱りん処理は、一般にCaOなどの塩基性酸化物を主成分とするスラグを溶銑上に形成し、この中に酸化、除去する反応を利用する。この場合、脱りん反応はイオン式で表される。
P +3/2 (O2-) + 5/4 O2 = (PO4 3-) (1)
ここに、Pは溶銑中に溶解しているりん、(O2-)は、スラグ中の酸素イオン、O2はガス状の酸素、(PO4 3-)は、スラグ中のりん酸イオンを表す。
Speaking of hot metal dephosphorization treatment, the amount of dephosphorization agent and heat loss are reduced to the utmost limit, and for example, the processing time, which conventionally required 40 minutes, is reduced to about 10 minutes. And productivity. For this reason, various technical proposals have been conventionally made.
The hot metal dephosphorization process generally uses a reaction in which slag mainly composed of a basic oxide such as CaO is formed on the hot metal and is oxidized and removed. In this case, the dephosphorization reaction is represented by an ionic formula.
P +3/2 (O 2- ) + 5/4 O 2 = (PO 4 3- ) (1)
Where P is phosphorus dissolved in hot metal, (O 2- ) is oxygen ion in slag, O 2 is gaseous oxygen, and (PO 4 3- ) is phosphate ion in slag. Represent.

この場合、スラグに酸素イオンを供給するものがCaO等の所謂、塩基性酸化物であり、元素周期表の第1、2族の酸化物である。しかし、スラグとして優れた精錬能力を発揮するには、酸素イオンを供給し易いだけでなく、容易に溶融して溶融イオン体であるスラグを形成し易いことも重要である。CaO自体は、2600℃と非常に高い融点をもち、容易に溶融しない。そのため、過去においては、溶融促進剤として、安価で効果の大きいCaF2が広く使用されていた。しかし、現在では、スラグの再利用先である路盤材に対し、Fの溶出が厳しく制限されている。そのため、F源を使用しない脱りん方法として、特開平8-311523号公報には、こうしたハロゲン系化合物を使用しなくとも、効率的な脱りんを行う方法として、底吹き攪拌を行いつつ、溶銑1tonあたり0.7から2.0Nm3/tの酸素ガスとともに微粉CaOを吹き付ける方法が開示されている。これは、比表面積の大きな微粉をCaO源とし、更に、酸素ガスとともに吹き付けることで、溶銑と酸素ガスが反応して形成される高温の酸化反応領域、所謂、火点に吹き込むことで溶融を速やかに行わせることを意図したものと考えられる。転炉においてCaO源として微粉を使用し、これを火点に吹き込む、という発想は、例えば、日本鉄鋼協会編、鉄鋼製造法、第一分冊、製銑製鋼、p.568にも記載があるように、古くはARBED-CERN法として、欧州において高りん溶銑の転炉吹錬において行われ来た方法である。これを転炉型の溶銑予備処理に応用しようとする発想は、上記引用例の他にも、特開2004-43833公報に同様な記述がある。また、特開平9-143529公報には、単に微粉のCaO源を用い、底吹き攪拌力を1.2〜10kw/tとし、CaO/SiO2が1.7〜2.1とすることで、CaF2やCaCl2を使用せずに効率的な脱りん処理が可能であることが示されている。しかし、後述するように、本願発明者らは、単に微粉CaOを供給するのみでは、効率的な脱りんが常に可能ではないことを明らかにし、そのメカニズムを検討した結果、本願発明に至った。 In this case, what supplies oxygen ions to the slag is a so-called basic oxide such as CaO, which is an oxide of Groups 1 and 2 in the periodic table. However, in order to exhibit an excellent refining ability as a slag, it is important not only to supply oxygen ions but also to easily melt and form a slag that is a molten ion body. CaO itself has a very high melting point of 2600 ° C and does not melt easily. Therefore, in the past, inexpensive and highly effective CaF 2 has been widely used as a melting accelerator. However, at present, the elution of F is severely restricted for roadbed materials that are reused slag. Therefore, as dephosphorization method that does not use the F source, JP-A-8-311523, without using such halogen compounds, a method of performing efficient dephosphorization, while performing bottom-blown agitation, hot metal A method of spraying fine CaO with 0.7 to 2.0 Nm 3 / t oxygen gas per ton is disclosed. This is because fine powder with a large specific surface area is used as a CaO source, and further blown together with oxygen gas to quickly melt the molten metal by blowing it into a high-temperature oxidation reaction region formed by the reaction between hot metal and oxygen gas, so-called hot spot. It is thought that this is intended to be performed. The idea of using fine powder as the CaO source in the converter and blowing it into the fire point is also described in, for example, the Japan Iron and Steel Institute, Steel Manufacturing Method, Volume 1, Steelmaking, p.568. In the old days, the ARBED-CERN method has been used in high-phosphorus hot metal converter blowing in Europe. Idea to try applying this to the hot metal pretreatment of the converter type, in addition to the above cited examples, the same description in JP 2004-43833 publication. Further, in Japanese Laid-9-143529 Publication, simply using a CaO source of fines, the bottom-blown agitation force and 1.2~10kw / t, that the CaO / SiO 2 is 1.7 to 2.1, the CaF 2 and CaCl 2 It has been shown that an efficient dephosphorization process is possible without use. However, as will be described later, the present inventors have clarified that efficient dephosphorization is not always possible simply by supplying fine powder CaO, and as a result of studying the mechanism, the present invention has been achieved.

一方、CaO添加量のコントロールは、重要である。即ち、過剰なCaO添加はコスト高を招くのみならず、スラグ中の未反応CaOを増やすので、スラグを再利用した時の強アルカリ溶出や、風化膨張の原因となる。一方、当然ながら、CaOが不足すれば、脱りんが不十分になり、目的を達成しない。そこで、CaO添加量を最低限に抑えても十分な脱りんを可能とする方法が種々提案されている。一つの方法は、溶銑中の珪素を予め除去することにより、少ないCaO量でもスラグの塩基度CaO/SiO2を低下させない方法である。特開2002-105523号公報には、溶銑にCaO源と酸素源を添加して溶銑の脱りん処理を行うに際し、Si量が0.07質量%以下の溶銑に対して行うこととの記載がある。一般に、高炉溶銑の珪素濃度は0.2質量%以上であるので、本法を実施するには、脱りん処理に先行して脱珪処理が必要となる。しかし、事前に脱珪処理を行うには、新たな設備が必要となる。また、脱珪処理で発生するスラグを排滓する必要があり、排滓に伴う鉄ロスや熱ロスが増え、コスト的に不利になる、という問題がある。 On the other hand, the control of the CaO addition amount is important. That is, excessive addition of CaO not only increases the cost, but also increases unreacted CaO in the slag, which causes strong alkali elution and weathering expansion when the slag is reused. On the other hand, of course, if CaO is insufficient, dephosphorization will be insufficient and the purpose will not be achieved. Thus, various methods have been proposed that enable sufficient dephosphorization even when the amount of CaO added is minimized. One method is a method in which the basicity CaO / SiO 2 of the slag is not lowered even by a small amount of CaO by removing silicon in the hot metal in advance. JP-A-2002-105523 discloses, in performing the dephosphorization process of the molten iron with addition of CaO and oxygen sources in hot metal, Si amount is stated to be be performed on 0.07 wt% or less of molten iron. In general, since the silicon concentration of the blast furnace hot metal is 0.2% by mass or more, desiliconization is required prior to dephosphorization in order to carry out this method. However, new equipment is required to perform the silicon removal treatment in advance. Moreover, there is a problem that it is necessary to remove the slag generated by the desiliconization treatment, which increases iron loss and heat loss associated with the removal, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

スラグのCaO/SiO2やFeO濃度のコントロールという点では、脱りん処理終点でのCaO/SiO2をある範囲とすること、あるいはFeOを初期に生成促進することで、溶融スラグを早期に生成することによりCaOのスラグへの溶解を促進する、という発想が見られる。特開平11-50123号公報には、転炉に置ける溶銑の脱りん精錬方法として、精錬開始から珪素の酸化が終了する間、CaOを連続添加すること、また、珪素が酸化する間、CaO/SiO2を0.5〜2.5、ないし0.7〜1.5に維持する、との開示がある。しかし、本願発明者らによれば、このような方法で脱りんを促進するには不十分である。 In terms of control of CaO / SiO 2 and FeO concentration in slag, molten slag is generated early by setting CaO / SiO 2 at a dephosphorization end point within a certain range or by promoting the initial generation of FeO. The idea of promoting the dissolution of CaO in slag can be seen. During JP-A-11-50123, as dephosphorization refining method of molten iron to put the converter, while the oxidation of silicon from refining the start to end, it is continuously added to CaO, also the silicon is oxidized, CaO / There is a disclosure that SiO 2 is maintained at 0.5 to 2.5 or 0.7 to 1.5. However, according to the inventors of the present application, it is insufficient to promote dephosphorization by such a method.

更に、CaOを連続的に添加しつつ、その速度をコントロールする方法として、特開2005-126784号公報には、溶銑の脱りん処理を酸素ガスとCaO源の吹き付けにて行うに際し、処理前のりん、珪素濃度に応じ、下式によってCaO供給速度FCaOを決定する、との記載がある。
0.25×ln([P])+0.8<FCaO-0.4×[Si]<0.5×ln([P])+1.6
しかし、このような設定を行う物理化学的根拠は不明確である。
特開平8-311523号公報 特開2004-43833号公報 特開平9-143529号公報 特開2002-105523号公報 特開平11-50123号公報 特開2005-126784号公報 鉄鋼製造法、日本鉄鋼協会編、丸善
Furthermore, while adding CaO continuously, as a method to control its speed, JP 2005-126784, when performing the dephosphorization process of hot metal in blowing of oxygen gas and CaO source, pre-treatment of There is a description that the CaO supply rate FCaO is determined by the following equation according to the phosphorus and silicon concentrations.
0.25 × ln ([P]) + 0.8 <FCaO-0.4 × [Si] <0.5 × ln ([P]) + 1.6
However, the physicochemical basis for making such a setting is unclear.
JP-A-8-311523 JP 2004-43833 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9143529 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-105523 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-50123 JP 2005-126784 A Steel Manufacturing Method, edited by Japan Iron and Steel Association, Maruzen

本願発明は、以上の課題を解決し、効率的な脱りん方法を提供するものであり、基本的に蛍石などのハロゲン化物を用いることなく、また、特殊な精錬剤を必要とせず、事前脱珪処理を必要とせず、更に、低コストで効果を発揮する。
具体的には、10分程度という極めて短い時間で効率的な溶銑脱りんを可能とすることにより、極めて生産性の高い溶銑脱りん法を提供する。しかも、処理後りんのばらつきを抑制し、溶銑予備処理−転炉トータルでの精錬剤削減、コスト削減に寄与すること大である。
The present invention solves the above-described problems and provides an efficient dephosphorization method, which basically uses no halide such as fluorite, does not require a special refining agent, and Desiliconization is not required, and it is effective at low cost.
Specifically, a hot metal dephosphorization method with extremely high productivity is provided by enabling efficient hot metal dephosphorization in an extremely short time of about 10 minutes. In addition, it is important to suppress variation in phosphorus after the treatment and contribute to the reduction of the refining agent and the cost in the total hot metal pretreatment-converter.

特に、本法は、冷鉄源溶解量の多い、即ち、溶銑の脱珪脱りん処理において、スクラップ等の冷鉄源を同時に溶解する場合に大きな効果を発揮する。即ち、従来の方法では、冷鉄源比率が高い場合、脱りんが悪化する傾向があるが、これに対し、本法を適用すれば、冷鉄源比率が高い場合でも、冷鉄源比率が低い場合同様、安定した脱りん処理が可能になり、生産量の情報弾力性を高めることができる。   In particular, this method exhibits a great effect when the amount of cold iron source dissolved is large, that is, when a cold iron source such as scrap is simultaneously dissolved in the desiliconization and dephosphorization treatment of hot metal. That is, in the conventional method, when the cold iron source ratio is high, dephosphorization tends to be worsened. On the other hand, when this method is applied, the cold iron source ratio is high even when the cold iron source ratio is high. As in the case of low, stable dephosphorization processing is possible, and the information elasticity of the production amount can be increased.

上記課題を解決するために成された本願発明は、
(1)溶銑の脱珪脱りん処理を行うに際し、粒径1mm以下の微粉CaO源を用い、上吹き酸素とともに吹き付けを行う方法と、直接溶銑中に吹き込む方法とを併用することにより前記CaOの供給量を制御して、脱りん処理後の塩基度を1.8〜2.2とし、処理開始2分後の塩基度を1.0〜1.4、処理開始5分後の塩基度を1.4〜1.8とすることを特徴とする溶銑の脱珪脱りん方法。
(2)珪素濃度が0.2質量%以上の場合、CaO源として、粒径1mm以下の微粉CaOの他に、粒径5mm以上の脱炭滓を上方添加することを特徴とする(1)の溶銑の脱珪脱りん方法。
The present invention made to solve the above problems
(1) When performing desiliconization and dephosphorization treatment of hot metal, a combination of a method of spraying together with top-blown oxygen using a fine powder CaO source having a particle size of 1 mm or less and a method of blowing directly into hot metal By controlling the supply amount, the basicity after dephosphorization treatment is 1.8 to 2.2, the basicity 2 minutes after the start of treatment is 1.0 to 1.4, and the basicity 5 minutes after the start of treatment is 1.4 to 1.8. Desiliconization and dephosphorization method for hot metal.
(2) When the silicon concentration is 0.2% by mass or more, as a CaO source, in addition to fine powder CaO having a particle size of 1 mm or less, decarburized iron having a particle size of 5 mm or more is added upward. Desiliconization and dephosphorization method.

本願発明者らは、本願発明に至る基礎研究において、溶銑脱りん処理において、特に、処理前の溶銑温度が低い場合には、CaO源として微粉CaOを用いたプロセスで、これまでのように、早期にスラグの塩基度を上げるために、初期から大量に微粉CaOの供給を行うと、スラグが均一液相を形成する前に、固−液共存状態となり、所謂、キャピラリー効果によって流動性に乏しい大きな固まり状を呈することを見出した。脱りん処理初期の段階で、スラグがこのような状態になると、その後、更に焼結反応が進行して大きな塊となってしまうので、脱りん処理後半に温度が上がっても再溶解することはなく、スラグと溶銑の接触情況が悪い状態が維持される。即ち、塊内部に取り込まれたスラグは、溶銑と接触する機会がなくなるので、スラグと溶銑の界面で生成したりん酸を固定することができない。その結果、スラグと溶銑の混合が殆ど起きず、脱りん効率が極めて悪化することが分かった。特に、実験室にて、意図的に温度を1280℃程度の低いままに維持すると、脱りんに有効に作用するCaO、FeOが極端に減少することを見出した。一方、実際の工場プロセスでは、スクラップ、鉄鉱石などの冷却材と、酸化発熱作用をもたらす気体酸素の割合をコントロールすることにより、脱りん後の終点温度は多くの場合、ある目標値に制御される。しかし、上記の理由により、脱りん効率は処理終点のスラグの塩基度や温度だけでは決まらず、脱りん処理初期のスラグの状態が重要で、特に流動性を維持することが重要であることがわかった。その理由は、少量の液体スラグしか生成していない初期の段階で、大量の微粉CaOを供給すると、スラグに溶解し切れない粉体CaOの粒子間に少量の液体が侵入した状態になり、作用するキャピラリー効果、即ち、液体架橋による凝集効果によってスラグが流動性を全く失い、通常の2液体間反応のような、スラグへの溶銑の巻き込み、溶銑のスラグへの巻きこみが起き難く、接触が不十分となり、脱りん反応が進行しないことによって脱りん反応が遅れることを見出した。   In the basic research leading to the present invention, the inventors of the present application, in the hot metal dephosphorization treatment, particularly when the hot metal temperature before the treatment is low, in a process using fine powder CaO as a CaO source, In order to increase the basicity of slag at an early stage, if a large amount of fine CaO is supplied from the beginning, the slag becomes a solid-liquid coexistence state before forming a uniform liquid phase, and so-called capillary effect causes poor fluidity. It was found that a large lump was present. If the slag is in such a state at the initial stage of the dephosphorization process, then the sintering reaction further proceeds and becomes a large lump. No contact condition between slag and hot metal is maintained. That is, since the slag taken in the lump has no opportunity to come into contact with hot metal, phosphoric acid generated at the interface between the slag and hot metal cannot be fixed. As a result, it was found that the mixing of slag and hot metal hardly occurred and the dephosphorization efficiency was extremely deteriorated. In particular, it has been found in the laboratory that CaO and FeO that effectively act on dephosphorization are extremely reduced if the temperature is intentionally maintained at a low temperature of about 1280 ° C. On the other hand, in the actual factory process, the end point temperature after dephosphorization is often controlled to a certain target value by controlling the ratio of the coolant such as scrap, iron ore, and gaseous oxygen that causes oxidation heat generation. The However, for the above reasons, the dephosphorization efficiency is not determined only by the basicity or temperature of the slag at the end of the treatment, and the state of the slag at the initial stage of the dephosphorization treatment is important, and it is particularly important to maintain fluidity. all right. The reason is that in the initial stage when only a small amount of liquid slag is generated, if a large amount of fine powder CaO is supplied, a small amount of liquid invades between the particles of powder CaO that cannot be completely dissolved in the slag. The slag loses its fluidity due to the capillary effect, ie, the agglomeration effect due to the liquid cross-linking. It was found that the dephosphorylation reaction was delayed by the fact that the dephosphorylation reaction did not proceed.

従って、特に、温度が低くなりがちな、脱りん処理初期の段階では、スラグの融点を低く維持して液相量を多くすることが肝要であることを見出した。即ち、塩基度を高め過ぎて上記の現象で流動性を消失しないよう、粉体CaOの供給速度をデリケートにコントロールすることが必要であることが明らかになった。そのためには、脱りん処理開始後、脱珪反応がほぼ終了する2分後の塩基度を1.0〜1.4とする。こうすることにより、スラグの液相率は50〜100質量%に維持され、十分な流動性を維持することができる。更に、5分後に、1.4〜1.8とすることが適正であり、更に、脱りん終了時点では、1.8〜2.4とすることが適正であることが分かった。図2は、理想的なスラグ塩基度の推移を示したものである。これより高い塩基度になると、上記、塊成化により流動性不良となって脱りんがおき難くなる。一方、これより塩基度が低くなると、特に脱珪が終わって温度も上がる後半に、スラグフォーミングが激しくなってスロッピング現象、すなわち、スラグの泡立ちが激しくなり、スラグ、あるいはスラグとともにスラグに懸濁した溶銑が炉からあふれ出す現象により、精錬を中断し、更には、鎮静剤を投入せざるを得なくなる。また、そもそも、塩基度が低過ぎれば、スラグの脱りん能力が乏しくなって、目標のりん濃度に低減できなくなる。   Accordingly, it has been found that it is important to increase the amount of liquid phase by keeping the melting point of the slag low, particularly at the initial stage of the dephosphorization process, where the temperature tends to be low. In other words, it has become clear that it is necessary to delicately control the feed rate of the powder CaO so that the basicity is not increased too much and the fluidity is not lost due to the above phenomenon. For this purpose, the basicity after 2 minutes after the desiliconization reaction is almost finished after the start of the dephosphorization treatment is set to 1.0 to 1.4. By carrying out like this, the liquid phase rate of slag is maintained at 50-100 mass%, and sufficient fluidity | liquidity can be maintained. Further, it was found that after 5 minutes, it was appropriate to set to 1.4 to 1.8, and further to 1.8 to 2.4 when dephosphorization was completed. FIG. 2 shows the transition of ideal slag basicity. When the basicity is higher than this, the above-mentioned agglomeration causes poor fluidity and makes it difficult to remove phosphorus. On the other hand, when the basicity is lower than this, particularly in the latter half of the period when the temperature is increased after desiliconization, the slag forming becomes intense and the slopping phenomenon, that is, the foaming of the slag becomes intense and is suspended in the slag together with the slag or slag. Due to the phenomenon that the molten iron overflows from the furnace, refining is interrupted, and further, a sedative agent must be added. In the first place, if the basicity is too low, the dephosphorization ability of the slag becomes poor, and the target phosphorus concentration cannot be reduced.

一方、CaO供給速度をコントロールする手段として、従来、行われているような上吹き酸素ガスをキャリアーガスとして、同時に微粉CaOを供給する方法では、酸素流量が一般的には10000Nm3/h程度と大きいため、酸素ガスの吐出孔と粉体の吐出孔が同じとなっていて、酸素ガスが微粉CaOのキャリアーガスを兼ねている場合、微粉CaOの流量を極端に変更するためには、元圧を大きく変える必要があり、設備的に難しい場合があるので、本願発明では、溶銑中に底吹き羽口等を設けて吹き込むという、別の供給手段を併用することを着想した。これにより、処理前珪素濃度の変動に対し、塩基度の制御が可能になる。 On the other hand, as a means for controlling the CaO supply speed, the oxygen flow rate is generally about 10000 Nm 3 / h in the method of supplying fine powder CaO at the same time using the top blown oxygen gas as a carrier gas as conventionally performed. When the oxygen gas discharge hole and the powder discharge hole are the same, and the oxygen gas also serves as the carrier gas for fine powder CaO, the original pressure is used to change the flow rate of fine powder CaO extremely. Therefore, the present invention has been conceived of using another supply means in which a bottom blowing tuyeres and the like are blown into the hot metal. This makes it possible to control the basicity with respect to fluctuations in the silicon concentration before treatment.

更に、処理前の溶銑の珪素濃度が高い場合には、それだけSiO2発生量が多くなり、最終塩基度に到達するための所要のCaO量が増え、上記のような微粉CaOの連続添加法のみであると、処理時間を延ばさないと所要のCaOが供給できないという問題が生じるため、特に、温度が上昇する後半に、更にCaO源を追加することを着想した。また、こうすることによって脱りん処理末期に多発するスロッピングを抑制することが可能になって、なお望ましい。微粉CaO源の粒径は1mm以下とする。これは、上吹き酸素をキャリアーガスとしてメインランスより吹き付けを行ったり、羽口から吹き込みを行う場合、1mmより大きいと、配管の磨耗が生じて操業が難しくなることが理由の一つであり、また、これより大きいと、粒子内部への伝熱が律速となって溶融、滓化が不十分となるためである。溶銑中の珪素濃度が0.2質量%以上ある場合、処理後の塩基度を1.8〜2.2とするのに要するCaOの量が多くなるので、微粉CaO源で供給不足するCaO分を、塊状CaO源を上方添加することで補う。また、上方添加する塊状CaO源としては、バージンのCaOよりも、溶銑予備処理に引き続き行われる転炉脱炭において生成する脱炭滓を使用することが望ましい。即ち、脱炭滓は、溶融温度が1450℃程度と、CaOに比べて遥かに低融点であるため、滓化し易いこと、さらに、FeO濃度が高く、秘密であるため比重が大きく、粒径5mm程度の小径でも飛散によるロスが少ない。しかし、粒径5mm未満であると、炉内の上昇気流によって炉外に飛び出す可能性があり、粒径は5mm以上とする必要がある。 Furthermore, when the silicon concentration in the hot metal before the treatment is high, the amount of SiO 2 generated increases accordingly, the required amount of CaO to reach the final basicity increases, and only the continuous addition method of fine powder CaO as described above In this case, the problem arises that the required CaO cannot be supplied unless the treatment time is extended. Therefore, the idea was to add an additional CaO source particularly in the latter half of the temperature rise. In addition, this makes it possible to suppress the slopping that occurs frequently at the end of the dephosphorization process, and is still desirable. The particle size of the fine powder CaO source is 1 mm or less. This is one of the reasons that when blowing from the main lance with the top blown oxygen as the carrier gas or blowing from the tuyere, if it is larger than 1 mm, piping wears out and operation becomes difficult, On the other hand, if it is larger than this, the heat transfer to the inside of the particles becomes rate limiting, and melting and hatching become insufficient. When the silicon concentration in the hot metal is 0.2% by mass or more, the amount of CaO required for the basicity after treatment to be 1.8 to 2.2 increases, so the CaO content that is insufficiently supplied by the fine powder CaO source is reduced to the bulk CaO source. Compensate by adding upward. Further, as the bulk CaO source to be added upward, it is desirable to use decarburized soot produced in converter decarburization performed subsequent to hot metal pretreatment rather than virgin CaO. That is, the decarburized soot has a melting temperature of about 1450 ° C. and a melting point that is much lower than that of CaO, so it is easy to hatch, and the FeO concentration is high and it is secret, so the specific gravity is large and the particle size is 5 mm. Less loss due to scattering even with a small diameter. However, if the particle diameter is less than 5 mm, there is a possibility of jumping out of the furnace due to the rising airflow in the furnace, and the particle diameter needs to be 5 mm or more.

本発明の溶銑の脱りん方法によれば、溶銑脱りん処理後のりん濃度が低位安定化し、操業のばらつきが少なくなるので、りんの上限はずれなどのトラブルが少なくなる。また、多量の冷鉄源を使用しても脱りんが悪化しないので、生石灰原単位増加によるコスト増加を招くことがない。更に、珪素濃度が高い場合でも、脱りん処理時間が10分程度の短時間で済むため、溶銑予備処理比率を低下させることなく、それによる脱炭炉でのCaO原単位増によるコスト増加を招くこともない。
また、本法は、上吹き酸素ランス、あるいは底吹きノズルに粉体供給装置を追加するだけで良く、大きな設備投資も必要無く、経済的である。
According to the hot metal dephosphorization method of the present invention, the phosphorus concentration after the hot metal dephosphorization treatment is stabilized at a low level, and variations in operation are reduced, so troubles such as deviation of the upper limit of phosphorus are reduced. In addition, even if a large amount of cold iron source is used, dephosphorization does not deteriorate, so there is no cost increase due to an increase in quick lime unit. Furthermore, even if the silicon concentration is high, the dephosphorization processing time can be as short as about 10 minutes, thereby reducing the hot metal pretreatment ratio and increasing the cost by increasing the CaO unit in the decarburization furnace. There is nothing.
In addition, the present method is economical because only a powder supply device is added to the top blowing oxygen lance or the bottom blowing nozzle, and no large capital investment is required.

図1は、本願発明を実施するに好適な設備の概要を示す。転炉1に冷鉄源11を装入し、更に溶銑2を装入する。次に、酸素ガスを上吹きしながら、底吹き羽口よりCaO源を吹き込む。更に、上吹きランスからCaO源を上吹きする。脱りん中期以降、必要に応じて、炉上ホッパーからCaO源、あるいは鉄鉱石等の冷却材、精錬剤を投入する。   FIG. 1 shows an outline of equipment suitable for carrying out the present invention. A cold iron source 11 is charged into the converter 1 and a hot metal 2 is further charged. Next, a CaO source is blown from the bottom blowing tuyere while blowing oxygen gas upward. Furthermore, the CaO source is blown up from the top blowing lance. From the middle of the dephosphorization, a CaO source, coolant such as iron ore, and a refining agent are introduced from the furnace hopper as needed.

脱珪速度は、一般に、溶銑側の物質移動律速であることが分かっているので、(2)式で表され、また、(2)式の脱珪速度定数KSiの値は、底吹き攪拌力と上吹き攪拌力が同一であれば、一定となるので、溶銑中の珪素濃度の経時変化を予め複数のチャーシ゛で調査すれば、KSiを求めることができる。一般には、底吹き攪拌力、上吹き攪拌力ともに、設備条件としてほぼ一定で行われるので、一度測定すれば、KSiが大きく変わることは無い。処理前の珪素濃度[%Si]initialは通常、分析されて既知であるので、(2)式で処理中の任意の時刻における珪素濃度[%Si]が推定できる。
[%Si]=[%Si]initial exp(-KSi t) (2)
ここに、KSi:脱珪反応速度定数(1/min)、t:処理開始からの時間(min)、
[%Si]initial:処理前の溶銑中の珪素濃度(重量%)、[%Si]:処理開始後t分後の溶銑中の珪素濃度(重量%) である。
Since it is known that the desiliconization rate is generally controlled by mass transfer on the hot metal side, it is expressed by equation (2), and the value of the desiliconization rate constant K Si in equation (2) is determined by bottom blowing agitation. If the force and the top blowing agitation force are the same, the pressure is constant. Therefore, if the time-dependent change in the silicon concentration in the molten iron is investigated in advance by a plurality of charges, K Si can be obtained. In general, both the bottom blowing stirring force and the top blowing stirring force are carried out with almost constant equipment conditions. Therefore, once measured, K Si does not change greatly. Since the silicon concentration [% Si] initial before the treatment is usually known after being analyzed, the silicon concentration [% Si] at an arbitrary time during the treatment can be estimated by the equation (2).
[% Si] = [% Si] initial exp (-K Si t) (2)
Where, K Si : desiliconization reaction rate constant (1 / min), t: time from the start of treatment (min),
[% Si] initial: silicon concentration (wt%) in hot metal before treatment, [% Si]: silicon concentration (wt%) in hot metal t minutes after the start of treatment.

一方、脱珪反応によって生成したSiO2の量WSiO2は(3)式で示す物質バランスによって計算できる。
WSiO2 = ([%Si]initial - [%Si])×Wm×60 / 28 (3)
ここに、Wm:溶銑重量(kg)、WSiO2:SiO2生成量(kg)、60:SiO2の分子量、28:Siの分子量 である。
SiO2の量から、CaO/SiO2の目標値に対するCaOの量を算出し、ある時刻でCaO量が満たせるようにCaOの供給量を連続的に調整する。
On the other hand, the amount W SiO2 of SiO 2 produced by the desiliconization reaction can be calculated by the material balance expressed by the equation (3).
W SiO2 = ([% Si] initial-[% Si]) × W m × 60/28 (3)
Here, W m : hot metal weight (kg), W SiO2 : SiO 2 production amount (kg), 60: molecular weight of SiO 2 , and 28: molecular weight of Si.
From the amount of SiO 2, to calculate the amount of CaO with respect to the target value of CaO / SiO 2, continuously adjusting the supply amount of CaO to CaO amount meet at a certain time.

本願発明者らは、その最適パターンを種々検討した結果、脱りん処理後の塩基度は1.8〜2.4が適正であること、更に、処理開始後2分後に塩基度CaO/SiO2を1.2〜1.6に、処理開始5分後に塩基度CaO/SiO2を1.6〜2.0を目標にCaOの供給速度をコントロールすることが処理後のりん濃度の安定に最適であることを見出した。また、処理後の塩基度についてはこれ以下であると脱りんが悪化するとともに、スロッピングにより処理中断を余儀なくされ、生産性低下をもたらす。 As a result of various examinations of the optimum pattern, the inventors of the present invention have found that the basicity after dephosphorization is appropriately 1.8 to 2.4, and further, the basicity CaO / SiO 2 is changed to 1.2 to 1.6 after 2 minutes from the start of the treatment. Furthermore, it was found that controlling the supply rate of CaO with a basicity CaO / SiO 2 of 1.6 to 2.0 5 minutes after the start of the treatment is optimal for stabilizing the phosphorus concentration after the treatment. On the other hand, if the basicity after the treatment is less than this, dephosphorization deteriorates, and the treatment is forced to be interrupted by slopping, resulting in a decrease in productivity.

なお、本願明細書においては、微粉CaOを上吹きと底吹きを組み合わせて添加する方法を開示したが、例えば、上吹きのみで大幅に供給速度を制御する手段があれば、それを利用ても良い。例えば、上吹きランスに、酸素ガスとは別に粉体用噴出孔を設け、窒素ガスなどをキャリアーガスとして吹き込む方法がこれに該当する。また、粉体用の専用ランスを別に設けても良い。   In the specification of the present application, a method for adding fine powder CaO in combination with top blowing and bottom blowing has been disclosed. For example, if there is a means for greatly controlling the supply rate only by top blowing, it may be used. good. For example, a method in which an upper blowing lance is provided with powder injection holes separately from oxygen gas and nitrogen gas or the like is blown as a carrier gas corresponds to this. In addition, a dedicated lance for powder may be provided separately.

所定量のスクラップを転炉型の溶銑予備処理炉に装入し、更に所定量の高炉溶銑を装入した。処理前(装入前)の溶銑成分、溶銑温度は表1に示す。初めに、上吹きランスより酸素ガスおよび微粉CaOの吹き付けを開始するとともに、底吹き羽口より、CaO微粉を窒素ガスにて溶銑中に吹込みを開始した。処理中、表1に示すように、CaOの供給速度をコントロールした。溶銑中のりん濃度は、0.114質量%から0.010質量%と十分に低下することが出来た。なお、事前に処理中の珪素濃度を調査した結果より、本転炉の攪拌条件でのKSiは0.0135(1/s)であったので、(2)、(3)式によって2分後、5分後の所要CaO量を計算した。 A predetermined amount of scrap was charged into a converter type hot metal pretreatment furnace, and a predetermined amount of blast furnace hot metal was further charged. Table 1 shows the hot metal components and hot metal temperature before treatment (before charging). At first, oxygen gas and fine powder CaO were sprayed from the top blowing lance, and CaO fine powder was blown into the hot metal with nitrogen gas from the bottom blowing tuyere. During the treatment, the feed rate of CaO was controlled as shown in Table 1. The phosphorus concentration in the hot metal could be sufficiently reduced from 0.114% by mass to 0.010% by mass. From the result of investigating the silicon concentration during the treatment in advance, the K Si under the stirring condition of this converter was 0.0135 (1 / s), so after 2 minutes according to equations (2) and (3), The required amount of CaO after 5 minutes was calculated.

Figure 0005386972
Figure 0005386972

所定量の冷鉄源と高炉溶銑を転炉型の溶銑予備処理炉に装入した。上吹きランスより酸素ガスと微粉CaOの供給を開始すると同時に、底吹き羽口より微粉CaOを吹き込んだ。CaOの供給速度は表1のように制御した。10分間の脱りん処理後、溶銑中のりん濃度は0.112質量%から0.012質量%と十分低下することができた。なお、事前に処理中の珪素濃度を調査した結果より、本転炉の攪拌条件でのKSiは0.0135(1/s)であったので、(2)、(3)式によって2分後、5分後の所要CaO量を計算した。 A predetermined amount of cold iron source and blast furnace hot metal were charged into a converter type hot metal pretreatment furnace. At the same time as supplying oxygen gas and fine powder CaO from the top blowing lance, fine powder CaO was blown from the bottom blowing tuyere. The feed rate of CaO was controlled as shown in Table 1. After 10 minutes of dephosphorization, the phosphorus concentration in the hot metal could be sufficiently reduced from 0.112% to 0.012% by mass. From the result of investigating the silicon concentration during the treatment in advance, the K Si under the stirring condition of this converter was 0.0135 (1 / s), so after 2 minutes according to equations (2) and (3), The required amount of CaO after 5 minutes was calculated.

一方、比較例1は、出来るだけ早期に塩基度を高めた方が、早期にスラグの脱りん能力が上げられるため、有利である、という従来の思想の下に、上吹き、底吹き生石灰を最大の速度で添加した。しかし、りん濃度は0.110から0.025と高めに留まった。
比較例2は、初期、低塩基度を維持し、後半に一気に塩基度を上げるという思想の元に操業を行ったが、スロッピングが激しく、5分間の鎮静時間を要し、著しい生産性低下を招いた。これは、処理初期の段階でスラグの泡立ちが促進されていたためと考えられる。
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, it is advantageous to increase the basicity as early as possible because the dephosphorization ability of the slag is increased at an early stage. Added at maximum rate. However, the phosphorus concentration remained as high as 0.110 to 0.025.
Comparative Example 2 was operated based on the idea of maintaining a low basicity in the initial stage and increasing the basicity at a stretch in the latter half, but it was severely sloping and required a sedation time of 5 minutes, resulting in a significant reduction in productivity. Invited. This is considered to be because foaming of slag was promoted at the initial stage of treatment.

本発明を実施するに好適な転炉型溶銑予備処理炉の横断面図である。It is a cross-sectional view of a converter type hot metal pretreatment furnace suitable for carrying out the present invention. 本発明における理想的な処理時間と塩基度の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the ideal processing time and basicity in this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 溶銑予備処理炉
2 溶銑
3 スラグ
4 上吹きランス
5 酸素ガスホルダー
6 窒素ガスホルダー
7 微粉CaO上吹き用ブロータンク
8 微粉CaO底吹き用ブロータンク
9 炉上ホッパー
10 底吹き羽口
11 冷鉄源
1 Hot metal pretreatment furnace 2 Hot metal 3 Slag 4 Top blowing lance 5 Oxygen gas holder 6 Nitrogen gas holder 7 Blow tank for fine powder CaO top blowing Blow tank for fine powder CaO bottom blowing 9 Furnace hopper
10 Bottom-blown tuyere
11 Cold iron source

Claims (2)

溶銑の脱珪脱りん処理を行うに際し、粒径1mm以下の微粉CaO源を用い、上吹き酸素とともに吹き付けを行う方法と、直接溶銑中に吹き込む方法とを併用することにより前記CaOの供給量を制御して、脱りん処理後の塩基度を1.8〜2.2とし、処理開始2分後の塩基度を1.0〜1.4、処理開始5分後の塩基度を1.4〜1.8とすることを特徴とする溶銑の脱珪脱りん方法。 When performing desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal, the supply amount of CaO can be reduced by using both a method of spraying together with top blowing oxygen and a method of blowing directly into hot metal using a fine powder CaO source having a particle size of 1 mm or less. control to the basicity after dephosphorization treatment and 1.8 to 2.2, the basicity of the processed after 2 minutes 1.0 to 1.4, the basicity of the processed after 5 minutes, characterized in that a 1.4 to 1.8 hot metal Desiliconization and dephosphorization method. 珪素濃度が0.2質量%以上の場合、CaO源として、粒径1mm以下の微粉CaOの他に、粒径5mm以上の脱炭滓を上方添加することを特徴とする請求項1記載の溶銑の脱珪脱りん方法。   The degassing of hot metal according to claim 1, wherein when the silicon concentration is 0.2 mass% or more, decarburized soot having a particle size of 5 mm or more is added as a CaO source in addition to fine powder CaO having a particle size of 1 mm or less. Silicium removal phosphorus method.
JP2008327167A 2008-12-24 2008-12-24 Hot metal dephosphorization method Active JP5386972B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008327167A JP5386972B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2008-12-24 Hot metal dephosphorization method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008327167A JP5386972B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2008-12-24 Hot metal dephosphorization method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2010150574A JP2010150574A (en) 2010-07-08
JP5386972B2 true JP5386972B2 (en) 2014-01-15

Family

ID=42569973

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2008327167A Active JP5386972B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2008-12-24 Hot metal dephosphorization method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5386972B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5170348B2 (en) * 2011-02-10 2013-03-27 新日鐵住金株式会社 Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3288208B2 (en) * 1995-11-29 2002-06-04 新日本製鐵株式会社 Hot metal dephosphorization method
JP3531467B2 (en) * 1997-06-06 2004-05-31 Jfeスチール株式会社 Dephosphorization refining method of hot metal in converter
JP3557910B2 (en) * 1998-08-27 2004-08-25 住友金属工業株式会社 Hot metal dephosphorization method and low sulfur and low phosphorus steel smelting method
JP3665600B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2005-06-29 新日本製鐵株式会社 Hot metal dephosphorization method
JP2004307941A (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-11-04 Nippon Steel Corp Hot metal dephosphorization method using converter type vessel
JP4305127B2 (en) * 2003-10-24 2009-07-29 Jfeスチール株式会社 Hot metal dephosphorization method
JP4487812B2 (en) * 2005-03-14 2010-06-23 Jfeスチール株式会社 Method for producing low phosphorus hot metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010150574A (en) 2010-07-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6693536B2 (en) Converter steelmaking method
WO1995001458A1 (en) Steel manufacturing method using converter
JP6011728B2 (en) Hot metal dephosphorization method
JP5170348B2 (en) Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods
JP5211786B2 (en) Blowing control method and method for producing low phosphorus hot metal using the blowing control method
JP5904238B2 (en) Method of dephosphorizing hot metal in converter
JP5233378B2 (en) Hot phosphorus dephosphorization method
JP5360174B2 (en) How to remove hot metal
JP5386972B2 (en) Hot metal dephosphorization method
JP5268019B2 (en) How to remove hot metal
JP6992604B2 (en) Phosphate slag fertilizer manufacturing method
JP5464243B2 (en) How to remove hot metal
JP5772645B2 (en) Dephosphorization method for hot metal
US4891064A (en) Method of melting cold material including iron
JP3750589B2 (en) Decarburization furnace slag manufacturing method and steel making method
JP2009256727A (en) Method for refining molten steel
JP5338251B2 (en) Hot phosphorus dephosphorization method
JP2003119511A (en) Method for operating steelmaking furnace during steelmaking process
JP4487812B2 (en) Method for producing low phosphorus hot metal
JPS6333512A (en) Pre-treating method for molten iron
JP3333339B2 (en) Converter steelmaking method for recycling decarburized slag
JP2003105423A (en) Dephosphorization and desulfurization of hot metal
JPH0841516A (en) Pre-refining method
TW201945549A (en) Dephosphorization method of hot metal
JP3736229B2 (en) Hot metal processing method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20110215

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20130618

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20130621

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20130819

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20130910

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20130923

R151 Written notification of patent or utility model registration

Ref document number: 5386972

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350