JP5397864B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavator used in a shield method and a propulsion method, and more particularly to a technique that enables soil to be discharged with the same apparatus even when soil quality changes during excavation.

  Conventionally, in the excavator used for general earth pressure type excavation method, in order to stabilize the face and avoid the influence on the ground, it is necessary to have a device that discharges excavated sediment back and forth along with excavation including pressure regulation Become. At present, there are two types of screw earthing device with a shaft and ribbon screw earthing device, depending on the soil condition of the ground to be excavated with the structure where the screw tip protrudes forward from the bulkhead or the structure where it does not protrude (See, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). There is also a structure in which the entire earth removal device slides.

  By the way, in the conventional earth removing device, in the structure where the screw tip does not protrude forward from the partition wall, when hard ground such as mudstone appears during excavation, it adheres to and clogs with low fluidity drilling earth and sand and cannot be propelled. In the structure in which the screw tip protrudes forward from the bulkhead, the tip of the gravel ground becomes an obstacle during excavation, breaks in contact with the gravel, and if soft ground appears, the excavated soil is excessively taken up. The ground may loosen or sink. As described above, in the earth removing device with the screw position fixed, it is difficult to cope with the change in soil quality during excavation.

JP 2002-349193 A JP 2004-190365 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an excavator capable of solving these conventional problems and responding to soil changes during excavation with the same earth removing device.

The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) An excavator that excavates the ground with a cutter at the tip, takes the excavated earth and sand into a soil removal device in the machine from a soil intake port in a partition wall behind the cutter, and discharges the soil to the rear. The device is connected by connecting a cylindrical casing to the soil intake port, a screw having a hollow shaft is disposed in the casing, and a driving means for rotationally driving the screw is provided, in the hollow shaft of the screw. Insert a small screw so that the small screw also rotates with the hollow shaft, and advancing / retracting jack that advances and retracts so that the tip of the small screw can protrude from the partition wall between the base end of the small screw and the inner bottom surface of the hollow shaft The excavator 2 is characterized in that it has a structure with an opening of a gated gate attached to the rear part of the casing. 2) A part of only a shaft without blades is formed in the middle of the screw, 1) The excavating machine according to 1) above, in which a valve that can be expanded and contracted to change the cross-sectional area in response to a change in the opening size of the passage is provided. The excavator 4) described in 1) above, in which a valve that can be expanded and contracted to change the cross-sectional area in response to the change in the opening size of the passage is provided in the casing at the position of the diameter blades 4) An injection path for supplying an additive for increasing fluidity is formed, and the tip of the small screw is partially opened so that it can be injected at the time of soil removal. 5) The excavator 5) according to any one of the above The excavator excavates the ground with a cutter, takes the excavated earth and sand into the earth removing device in the machine from the earth removing inlet provided in the partition wall behind the cutter, and discharges the earth backward. A cylindrical casing is attached to the soil intake port for communication A screw having a hollow shaft is disposed in the casing, a rotating shaft is engaged in the hollow shaft of the screw, and driving means for driving the rotating shaft is provided, and a base end of the screw and a rear portion of the rotating shaft are provided. An excavator 6) having a structure in which a forward / backward jack for moving forward / backward so that the tip of the screw can protrude from the partition wall is installed, and a soil discharge port with a gate is opened at the rear of the casing. An expansion / contraction valve that changes the cross-sectional area in response to a change in the opening size of the passage is provided at the position, and the advance / retreat jack is controlled so that the screw is retracted to the rear of the valve when the valve is expanded. 5) In the excavator described.

  According to the configuration described in 1) of the present invention, in the case of soft ground, the small screw is moved backward to maintain the face pressure and prevent excessive sedimentation. In the case of hard ground, the small screw protrudes from the partition wall, so that the drilling soil with low fluidity can be taken in quickly, and adhesion and blockage are prevented, and the drilling soil is efficiently discharged. In particular, according to the configuration described in 2, 3) of the present invention, when the ground is extremely soft, the valve is inflated to reduce the inner diameter of the casing or block the passage so that the groundwater can be ejected or softened. The outflow of the ground is surely prevented (reduction of the earth opening). Furthermore, according to the configuration described in 4) of the present invention, when the fluidity of the excavated sediment is extremely low, if the additive material is injected from the tip of the small screw, the fluidity of the excavated sediment is increased and can be discharged more quickly. . Therefore, even if the soil quality changes to either hard ground or soft ground during excavation, the soil can be discharged with the same device.

  Moreover, according to the structure of said 5) of this invention, in the case of a soft ground, by retreating a screw, the face pressure is maintained and excessive loading of earth and sand is prevented. In the case of hard ground, the screw protrudes from the partition wall, so that the drilling soil with low fluidity can be quickly taken in, adhesion and blockage are prevented, and the drilling sediment is efficiently discharged. In particular, according to the configuration described in 6) of the present invention, when the ground is extremely soft, the screw is retracted backward from the valve and the valve is expanded to reduce the inner diameter of the casing or block the passage. In addition, groundwater eruption and soft ground outflow are reliably prevented, and the face pressure can be maintained. Therefore, similarly to the configurations described in the above 1) to 4), even if the soil changes to hard ground or soft ground during excavation, the soil can be discharged with the same device.

It is sectional drawing of the excavation machine of Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the earth discharging apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the earth removal apparatus of the other example of Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the earth removal apparatus of the other example of Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the earth discharging apparatus of Example 2. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the earth removal apparatus of the other example of Example 2. FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to each embodiment and drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an excavator according to Embodiment 1, and FIG. In the figure, 10 is an outer shell, 11 is a front trunk, 12 is a rear trunk, 13 is a direction correcting jack, 14 is a partition wall, 14a is a chamber, 15 is a soil removal inlet, 20 is a drive unit, 21 is a cutter, 22 is a motor, 30 is a soil removal device, 31 is a casing, 32 is a screw, 32a is a hollow shaft, 32b is a blade, 32c is a discharge port, 33 is a small screw, 33a is a packing, 33b is an injection path, and 34 is advancing and retreating A jack, 35 is a motor, 35a is a rotating shaft, 36 is a discharge port, 36a is a gate, 36b is an open / close jack, 40 is a mud storage tank, 41 is a discharge pipe, 50 is a propulsion pipe, and A is an excavator.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the outer shell 10 of the excavator A has a front barrel 11 and a rear barrel 12 connected to each other by a direction correcting jack 13 so as to be able to be bent, and a partition wall 14 is provided on the front barrel 11 to form a chamber 14a. In addition, the soil removal intake 15 for taking the excavated earth and sand into the partition wall 14 is opened. The drive unit 20 includes a cutter 21 and a motor 22 that drives the cutter 21, and is attached to the back surface of the partition wall 14 so that the cutter 21 is disposed in front of the chamber 14a. The earth removal device 30 is attached in the outer shell 10 and communicates with the earth removal inlet 15.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the earth removal device 30 is connected to and communicates with a cylinder casing 31 to the earth removal inlet 15, and a hollow shaft 32 a having a front end opened and a rear end closed in the casing 31. The blade 32b is formed in a spiral shape on the entire peripheral surface of the hollow shaft 32a to constitute the screw 32. A motor 35 is attached to the rear end of the casing 31, and a rotation shaft 35 a of the motor 35 is attached to the rear end of the hollow shaft 32 a of the screw 32.

  A small screw 33 having a blade formed in a spiral shape is inserted into the hollow shaft 32a, and an advancing / retreating jack 34 is interposed between the shaft end of the small screw 33 and the inner bottom surface of the hollow shaft 32a. A packing 33a is provided at the rear part of the shaft to be watertight so as to be slidable within the hollow shaft 32a, and a soil discharge port 32c is opened at the rear part of the hollow shaft 32a. An injection path 33b for supplying an additive such as muddy water is formed in the shaft of the small screw 33 via a swivel (not shown) so that the tip of the small screw 33 can be partially opened for injection. An earth discharge port 36 is opened on the lower surface of the rear portion of the casing 31, and a gate 36 a is attached to the earth discharge port 36 by an open / close jack 36 b.

  A mud storage tank 40 for receiving the fallen excavated soil is provided below the soil discharge port 36, and a soil discharge pipe 41 for discharging the excavated soil in the mud tank 40 to the rear is provided.

  In the first embodiment, when the propulsion pipe 50 is connected to the rear end of the outer shell 10 and the motors 22 and 35 are driven to push the propulsion pipe 50 from the rear, the cutter 21 excavates in the ground while excavating the ground. The excavated earth and sand in the chamber 14a is taken into the casing 31 of the earth removing device 30 from the earth removing inlet 15 and conveyed rearward by the screw 32, falls to the mud storage tank 40 from the earth outlet 36, and the earth discharging pipe 41. Is discharged backwards. When the propulsion pipe 50 propels into the ground, another propulsion pipe 50 is added to the rear end of the propulsion pipe 50 and pushed out, and these steps are repeated to construct a pipe line in the ground.

  Here, when the ground is soft ground, in the structure where the screw tip protrudes forward from the partition wall, the flow velocity increases, the face pressure decreases, and the amount of excavated earth and sand may increase, leading to ground subsidence. . In contrast, in the first embodiment, the advancing / retreating jack 34 is retracted and the small screw 33 is retracted, so that the face pressure is maintained and an increase in the amount of excavated soil is suppressed, and ground subsidence is prevented. The

  On the other hand, when the ground is hard ground, in a structure in which the screw tip does not protrude forward from the partition wall, the excavated earth and sand may not be easily taken up and may not be propelled. In contrast, in the first embodiment, the advancing / retreating jack 34 is extended and the small screw 33 is protruded from the partition wall 14 so that the excavated soil having low fluidity is quickly taken in and efficiently discharged. The At this time, if the additive material is injected from the tip of the small screw 33, the fluidity of the excavated earth and sand increases, and the soil can be discharged more quickly. The excavated earth and sand taken into the hollow shaft 32a falls into the casing 31 from the earth discharge port 32c. As described above, according to the first embodiment, the soil can be discharged by the same soil removal device 30 regardless of whether the soil quality changes to hard ground or soft ground during excavation.

  3 and 4 show another example of the soil removal apparatus of the first embodiment. 3 and 4 are explanatory views of another example of the earth removing device according to the first embodiment. In the figure, 37 is a valve. FIG. 3 shows that a portion of only the hollow shaft 32a from which the blade 32b is removed is formed in the middle of the screw 32, and a rubber valve 37 that can be expanded and contracted by injecting air into the casing 31 at that position is attached. ing. In FIG. 4, the diameter of the blade 32b in the middle of the screw 32 is reduced, and a rubber valve 37 that can be expanded and contracted by injecting air is installed in the casing 31 at the position of the reduced diameter blade 32b. .

  In these examples, in normal hard ground or soft ground, the valve 37 is contracted, and the small screw 33 moves backward or protrudes from the partition wall 14 so that excavation is performed while switching according to the soil, and the ground is extremely soft and the small screw 33 When it is not possible to cope only by retreating, the valve 37 is expanded to reduce the inner diameter of the casing 31 or to block the passage, thereby reliably preventing the ejection of groundwater and the outflow of the soft ground. In other respects, the reference numeral, configuration, and operational effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a soil removal apparatus of Embodiment 2. In the figure, 35b is a key, 35c is a support portion, and 38 is an advance / retreat jack. As shown in FIG. 5, the earth removing device 30 according to the second embodiment has a key 35b formed on the outer surface of the rotary shaft 35a, and a hollow shaft 32a having a key groove is inserted into the rotary shaft 35a to engage with the key 35b. The advancing / retreating jack 38 is attached between the support portion 35c fixed to the base portion of the rotating shaft 35a and the rear portion of the hollow shaft 32a. When the advance / retreat jack 38 is extended and retracted, the screw 32 advances and retracts along the rotation shaft 35a, and the driving force of the motor 35 is transmitted to the screw 32 via the key 35b.

  In the second embodiment, when the ground is soft ground, the advancement / retraction jack 38 is retracted and the screw 32 is retracted, so that the face pressure is maintained and an increase in the amount of excavated soil is suppressed. Settlement is prevented. When the ground is hard ground, the advancing / retreating jack 38 is extended and the screw 32 is protruded from the partition wall 14 so that the excavated soil with low fluidity is quickly taken in and efficiently discharged. . In other respects, the reference numeral, configuration, and operational effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 6 shows another example of the soil removal apparatus of the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of another example of the earth removing device of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, a rubber valve 37 that can be expanded and contracted by injecting air is attached to a front position in the casing 31. The advancing / retreating jack 38 has a longer stroke than that of the second embodiment, and when the advancing / retreating jack 38 is retracted to the maximum, the tip of the screw 32 can be moved backward from the valve 37, and the advancing / retreating jack 38 is extended to the maximum. Then, the tip of the screw 32 is projected from the partition wall 14.

  In this example, in a normal hard ground or soft ground, the screw 32 is retreated immediately after the soil removal intake 15 or protruded from the partition wall 14 so that the excavation is performed while switching according to the soil quality, and when the ground is extremely soft, The screw 32 is moved backward from the valve 37, and the valve 37 is expanded to reduce the inner diameter of the casing 31 or block the passage, thereby preventing groundwater eruption and soft ground outflow. In other respects, the reference numeral, configuration, and operational effects are the same as those in the second embodiment.

  The technology of the present invention can be used for tunnel construction of ground, such as hard ground, soft ground, and high water pressure ground, in which large soil changes are expected during excavation.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Outer shell 11 Front trunk 12 Rear trunk 13 Direction correction jack 14 Bulkhead 14a Chamber 15 Earth removal intake 20 Drive part 21 Cutter 22 Motor 30 Earth removal device 31 Casing 32 Screw 32a Hollow shaft 32b Blade 32c Earth removal opening 33 Small Screw 33a Packing 33b Injection path 34 Advance / retreat jack 35 Motor 35a Rotating shaft 35b Key 35c Support part 36 Drainage port 36a Gate 36b Open / close jack 37 Valve 38 Advance / retreat jack 40 Mud tank 41 Drainage pipe 50 Propulsion pipe A Digging machine

Claims (6)

The excavator excavates the ground with a cutter at the tip, takes the excavated earth and sand into the earth removing device in the machine from the earth removing intake port in the partition behind the cutter, and discharges the earth backward. A cylindrical casing is attached to and communicated with the soil intake port, a screw having a hollow shaft is disposed in the casing, a driving means for rotationally driving the screw is provided, and a small screw is disposed in the hollow shaft of the screw. The small screw is also inserted so as to rotate with the hollow shaft, and an advancing / retreating jack is attached between the proximal end of the small screw and the inner bottom surface of the hollow shaft so that the tip of the small screw can protrude from the partition wall, An excavation machine characterized by having a structure in which a drainage port with a gate is opened at the rear part of the casing.   2. An inflatable and deflateable valve that forms a shaft-only portion without a blade at a midway position of the screw and changes a cross-sectional area in response to a change in the opening size of the passage in the casing at that position. Digging machine.   2. The expandable / contractable valve according to claim 1, wherein the blade at a midway position of the screw is reduced in diameter, and an inflatable / retractable valve is provided in the casing at the position of the reduced diameter blade to change a cross-sectional area in response to a change in the opening size of the passage. Digging machine.   An injection path for supplying an additive for increasing the fluidity of excavated sediment is formed in the shaft of the small screw, and a part of the tip of the small screw is opened so as to be injected at the time of discharging. The listed excavator.   The excavator excavates the ground with a cutter at the tip, takes the excavated earth and sand into the earth removing device in the machine from the earth removing intake port in the partition behind the cutter, and discharges the earth backward. A cylindrical casing is attached to and communicated with the soil intake port, a screw having a hollow shaft is disposed in the casing, a rotating shaft is engaged in the hollow shaft of the screw, and the rotating shaft is driven. A drive means is installed, and a forward / backward jack is attached between the base end of the screw and the rear part of the rotating shaft so that the front end of the screw can protrude from the partition wall, and a drainage opening with a gate is opened at the rear part of the casing An excavator characterized by An expansion / contraction valve that changes the cross-sectional area corresponding to the change in the opening size of the passage is provided at the front position in the casing, and the advance / retreat jack is controlled so that the screw is retracted to the rear of the valve when the valve is expanded. The excavator according to claim 5.

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