JP5406700B2 - Fertilizer spreader - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer spraying device that includes a hopper that stores an object to be dispersed such as fertilizer, and that disperses the object to be dispersed that has fallen from the hopper.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fertilizer spraying device that has a hopper for storing an object to be dispersed such as fertilizer and that disperses an object to be dispersed that has fallen from the hopper has been widely used. In such a fertilizer spreader, it often occurs when the material to be spread is powdered fertilizer, but as the material to be spread in the hopper falls, it becomes hollow and a bridging phenomenon occurs. There is a case where the object to be sprayed does not fall to the part.

  The spraying device 1 described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a stirring body 15 that stirs the object to be dispersed in the hopper so as to prevent the occurrence of a bridging phenomenon of the object and stably spray the object. It is. More specifically, the stirrer 15 has a plurality (for example, eight) of stirring arm portions 31 that extend radially around the central axis X at intervals of the mounting angle β. In the spraying device 1, the stirring arm unit 31 swings around the central axis X with a swing angle α (where α> β), and stirs the object A in the hopper 4. For this reason, the whole thing A to be spread in the hopper 4 is loosened. Moreover, in the sprinkler 1, the separation distance between each stirring arm portion 31 of the stirring body 15 and the lower inner surface of the hopper 4 is gradually increased toward the lower side on the discharge port portion 6 side. For this reason, the to-be-spread material A in the hopper 4 flows favorably, so that it is near the discharge port part 6 side. According to Patent Document 1, as a result, in the spraying device 1, in the vicinity of the discharge port portion 6 of the hopper 4, the bridging phenomenon of the material A to be sprayed (a phenomenon in which the powder in the hopper stops moving and is not discharged). Can be prevented.

  In the powder spreader described in Patent Document 2, long and short stirring bowls 25 are provided on the periphery of the stirring board 12 so as to be familiar with the inclination of the tank 1. According to Patent Document 2, in this powder spreader, the main shaft 7 rotates the agitator, and the powder in the tank 1 is agitated by mixing with the inner wall of the tank by the long and short agitator 25 of the agitator. It is assumed that there is no cavity and it is dropped into the stirring nail disc 19.

JP 2002-095311 (paragraphs 0030 and 0031, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-5538 (page 1, right column, lines 5 to 9 and line 35 to page 2, left column, line 1, and FIG. 2)

  In both the spraying device described in Patent Document 1 and the powder spraying device described in Patent Document 2, in order to stir the material to be sprinkled, the stirring body (stirring bowl) has a distance from the inner wall surface of the hopper (tank). Move while keeping constant. In this case, the object to be dispersed is pressed against the inner wall surface of the hopper (tank) and does not fall. In particular, when the material to be spread is powdered fertilizer, the material to be spread is likely to adhere to the inner wall surface of the hopper (tank).

  Moreover, the hopper (tank) which accommodates to-be-dispersed material has comprised the right cone shape whose bottom face is a perfect circle in any of the spreading | diffusion apparatus described in patent document 1, and the dust spraying machine described in patent document 2. However, the fertilizer spreader is often used by being mounted on a vehicle such as a tractor. In this case, the shape of the hopper (tank) may not be a straight cone shape with a bottom surface having a perfect circle.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said point, and aims at making the material to be spread | dispersed in this hopper flow down to a spraying part reliably regardless of the shape of the hopper with which a fertilizer spraying apparatus is equipped.

The fertilizer spreader of the present invention is
A hopper that is provided with a bottom opening and accommodates an object to be dispersed;
A shutter portion that opens and closes the bottom opening;
A spraying unit for spraying the material to be sprayed that has dropped through the bottom opening;
A first shaft portion extending upward from the bottom opening and being rotatable about a shaft;
A second shaft portion extending in a horizontal direction from the first shaft portion and further extending upward and provided in parallel with the first shaft portion;
A rotating boss rotatable around the second shaft portion in a circumferential direction;
A rotating boss guide portion fixedly provided above the inner wall of the hopper;
An arm extending from the rotating boss and slidably coupled to the cylindrical guide part;
An anti-bridging body fixedly held on the rotating boss and provided in the vicinity of the inner wall of the hopper, swinging horizontally with the rotating boss as the first shaft portion rotates, and approaching and moving away from the inner wall of the hopper; ,
Is provided.

Furthermore, the fertilizer spreading device of the present invention further includes a clutch part that separates the first shaft part and the second shaft part,
Propose.

  According to the present invention, when the first shaft portion rotates, the second shaft portion circulates around the axis of the first shaft portion. The rotating boss rotates around the axis of the first shaft portion together with the second shaft portion while being pulled by the arm whose movement is restricted by the rotating boss guide portion. As a result, the bridging prevention body swings so as to approach and separate from the inner wall of the hopper, and the object to be spread in the hopper projects toward the inner wall of the hopper and collapses along the inner wall of the hopper. Therefore, regardless of the shape of the hopper provided in the fertilizer spraying device, the object to be sprayed in the hopper can be surely flowed down to the spraying portion.

It is a side view of a manure spreader. It is sectional drawing which looked at the manure spreader from the side. It is sectional drawing which looked at the manure spreader from the back side. It is a top view of a manure spreader. It is a disassembled perspective view of each part provided in a hopper. (A)-(c) is a top view which shows a motion of a bridge | bridging prevention body. (A) And (b) is a side view which shows a motion of a bridge | bridging prevention body. It is sectional drawing which looked at the fertilizer spreader of the state which rotated the hopper upward from the side surface.

  One embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view of the fertilizer application device 101. In FIG. 1, a part of the spreading blade case 207 (see also FIG. 2) is shown broken away. The fertilizer application device 101 includes a hopper 102, an application unit 103, and a shutter unit 104.

  The hopper 102 has a funnel shape, and an upper surface thereof is open, and accommodates a fertilizer 105 as an object to be spread. The opening on the upper surface side of the hopper 102 is referred to as an upper opening 102T (see FIG. 2). The bottom of the hopper 102 is also open. The opening at the bottom of the hopper 102 is referred to as a bottom opening 102B (see FIG. 2).

  The spraying unit 103 includes a spraying blade 106 and rotates the spraying blade 106 to spray the fertilizer 105 that has fallen from the inside of the hopper 102 through the bottom opening 102 </ b> B backward (rightward in FIG. 1). .

  The shutter unit 104 includes a shutter plate 107 (see FIG. 2). The shutter plate 107 is positioned between the hopper 102 and the spraying unit 103 to change the opening area of the bottom opening 102B of the hopper 102 and adjust the amount of fall. Then, the application amount of the fertilizer 105 is adjusted.

  Both the spray unit 103 and the shutter unit 104 are attached to the frame 108. A hopper holding frame 102H is attached to the frame 108. The hopper holding frame 102 </ b> H is opened in a ring shape and supports the hopper 102. Such a frame 108 is attached to a tractor located forward (leftward in FIG. 1) with respect to the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101, and is attached to the tractor.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer application device 101 as viewed from the side. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer application device 101 as viewed from the rear side. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101. First, the spray unit 103 and the shutter unit 104 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  [Spreading unit] The spraying unit 103 includes a spreading blade 106, an input shaft 201, a bevel gear group 202, a gear 203, a first shaft portion 204, a gear case 205, a transmission member 206, and a spreading blade case 207. Is provided. The input shaft 201 is connected to a PTO shaft (not shown) provided in the tractor. The driving force of the tractor input to the input shaft 201 is separated by the bevel gear group 202 and the gear 203.

  A gear portion 202 b is provided on the outer periphery of the bevel gear rotation shaft 202 a included in the bevel gear group 202. The bevel gear rotating shaft 202a extends in the vertical direction and is accommodated in the gear case 205 so as to be rotatable about the axis. The gear case 205 also stores the lower portion of the first shaft portion 204. The first shaft portion 204 extends in the vertical direction and is rotatable around the axis. The first shaft portion 204 protrudes upward from the gear case 205, passes through the spreading blade case 207, passes through the bottom opening 102 </ b> B of the hopper 102, and enters the hopper 102. And the agitator 204a is attached to the vicinity of the shutter board 107 in the 1st axial part 204 which entered the inside of the hopper 102. As shown in FIG. The agitator 204a extends horizontally toward the edge of the bottom opening 102B of the hopper 102. A gear 203 is attached to the lower end of the first shaft portion 204. The gear 203 meshes with a gear portion 202b provided on the bevel gear rotation shaft 202a. For this reason, a part of the driving force input from the tractor becomes a driving force for rotating the first shaft portion 204 via the bevel gear group 202 and the gear 203.

  The transmission member 206 is a cylindrical member and is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the first shaft portion 204. An upper end portion of the transmission member 206 protrudes upward from the gear case 205 and enters a spreading blade case 207 (described later). The remaining part of the transmission member 206 is housed in the gear case 205. The transmission member 206 is rotatable around the axis of the first shaft portion 204. A gear portion 206 a is provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the transmission member 206. The gear portion 206 a meshes with the bevel gear group 202. On the other hand, a spreading blade 106 is attached to the upper end of the transmission member 206. For this reason, a part of the driving force input from the tractor becomes a driving force for rotating the spray vane 106 via the bevel gear group 202 and the transmission member 206.

  Incidentally, a part of the input shaft 201 protrudes from the gear case 205 toward the tractor, and the remaining part of the input shaft 201 is accommodated in the gear case 205. The bevel gear group 202 and the gear 203 are also housed in the gear case. The bevel gear group 202 and the gear 203 are configured with a gear ratio such that the rotation speed of the spreading blade 106 is faster than the rotation speed of the first shaft portion 204.

  The spreading vane case 207 is a flat box disposed between the gear case 205 and the hopper 102 and houses the spreading vanes 106. The spreading blade 106 is attached to the outer periphery of the upper end portion of the transmission member 206, and rotates as the transmission member 206 rotates around the axis. Moreover, the 1st axial part 204 has penetrated the spreading blade case 207 to the up-down direction. The first shaft portion 204 is located inside the transmission member 206.

  An introduction port 207 a is provided on the upper surface of the spreading blade case 207. Above the inlet 207a, the bottom opening 102B of the hopper 102 is located. For this reason, the fertilizer 105 in the hopper 102 falls, passes through the inlet 207a, and enters the spreading blade case 207. In addition, a spray port 207 b is provided behind the spray blade case 207. For this reason, the fertilizer 105 that has entered the spray blade case 207 jumps out of the spray port 207 b by the rotation of the spray blade 106.

  [Shutter Unit] The shutter unit 104 includes a shutter plate 107, a shutter operation lever 301, and a shutter guide 302. The shutter operation lever 301 is positioned between the hopper 102 and the tractor near the upper end of the hopper 102, and extends upward. At the upper end of the shutter operation lever 301, a grip portion 301a is provided for the operator to grip.

  The shutter guide 302 is provided with a scale indicating the opening amount of the shutter plate 107, and the shutter plate 107 is opened and closed by moving the shutter operation lever 301. The shutter plate 107 is rotatably attached so as to slide in the horizontal plane around the first shaft portion 204. In accordance with the movement of the shutter operating lever 301, the shutter plate 107 is positioned between the hopper 102 and the spraying portion 103 to close the bottom opening 102B of the hopper 102, and the shutter plate 107 is retracted from this position to release the hopper 102. And the position at which the spraying unit 103 communicates are slid to change the opening amount to control the spraying amount.

  Next, the hopper 102 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  [Hopper] The hopper 102 has a long oval shape in the vehicle width direction of the tractor in plan view, the front (tractor side) portion extends substantially linearly in the vehicle width direction, and the rear portion is rounded. Yes. In other words, the plan view shape of the hopper 102 is a shape of Daifuku-an viewed from the side. And the hopper 102 has comprised the cone shape which makes such an oval shape the bottom face.

  Above the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102, a rail body 109 is provided as a rotating boss guide portion. The rail body 109 extends horizontally in the front-rear direction from the center position in the vehicle width direction on the front side of the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102 and in the vicinity of the edge of the upper opening 102T, and intersects the rear side of the inner wall 102a. It crosses over the inner wall 102a. A bearing boss 109a (described later) for attaching a second support portion 155 (described later) is attached to a portion of the rail body 109 that intersects the extended line of the first shaft portion 204. In the rail body 109, a guide hole 110 that is long in the front-rear direction is provided above the bottom opening 102B of the hopper 102 and behind the bearing boss 109a.

  FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of each part provided in the hopper 102. This will be described with reference to FIGS. A rotating boss support 151 is disposed in the hopper 102. The rotating boss support 151 includes a first support portion 152 that is orthogonal to the first shaft portion 204 and a second shaft portion 153. A first support portion 152, which is a plate-like member and extends in the horizontal direction so as to be orthogonal to the first shaft portion 204, is attached to the upper end of the first shaft portion 204 located in the hopper 102. . The second shaft portion 153 protrudes upward from the upper surface of the first support portion 152 in parallel with the first shaft portion 204. The rotating boss support 151 appears to have a crank shape in a side view by the first shaft portion 204, the first support portion 152, and the second shaft portion 153.

  A clutch portion 157 is provided at a connection portion between the first shaft portion 204 and the first support portion 152. The clutch portion 157 separates the first support portion 152 and the first shaft portion 204 of the rotary boss support 151 in the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, a dog clutch mechanism is used as the clutch portion 157.

  The rotating boss 154 has a cylindrical shape and is attached to the second shaft portion 153 constituting the rotating boss support 151 from above via a bearing br1. As a result, the rotating boss 154 is placed on the upper surface of the first support portion 152 and is rotatable around the second shaft portion 153 in the circumferential direction.

  A plate-like second support portion 155 is attached to the upper end of the rotating boss 154 via a bearing br2. Here, the second shaft portion 153 is not fixed to the second support portion 155. Further, the second support portion 155 is provided with a bolt hole 155a. The shaft portion of the long bolt 153a enters the bolt hole 155a. The long bolt 153a is screwed into a screw receiving portion 153b provided on the second shaft portion 153 with the bolt hole 155a, the bearing br2, the rotating boss 154, and the bearing br1 being skewered. By doing in this way, even if the 2nd support part 155 is lifted upwards with the hopper 102, the rotation boss | hub support body 151, the rotation boss | hub 154, and the 2nd support part 155 will not isolate | separate (refer FIG. 8).

  A bearing boss 109 a is attached to the upper surface of the second support portion 155 so as to coincide with the extension line of the first shaft portion 204. The bearing boss 109a includes a bolt 109aa, a spring washer 109ab, a flat washer 109ac, a bearing 109ad, a retaining ring 109ae, and a boss base 109af. The second support portion 155 can be rotated 360 degrees around the first shaft portion 204 with respect to the rail body 109 by the bearing boss 109a around the axis.

  An arm 158 is attached to a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the rotating boss 154 facing rearward. The arm 158 extends obliquely upward from the rotating boss 154 and is slidably connected to the rail body 109. Specifically, a guide pin 159 extends upward from the tip of the arm 158. The guide pin 159 enters the guide hole 110 provided in the rail body 109 from below. The guide hole 110 is a long hole extending in the front-rear direction. Therefore, the guide pin 159 does not move in the vehicle width direction. In this way, the arm 158 is slidably connected in the direction in which the rail body 109 extends, and restricts the movement of the rotating boss 154. The rail body 109 is provided with a guide hole, and the arm 158 is provided with a guide pin. By inserting the guide pin into the guide hole, the arm 158 and the rail body 109 are slidably connected to each other. The movement may be restricted.

  A bridge prevention body 160 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating boss 154. The bridge preventing body 160 includes an outer peripheral frame 163 whose outer periphery is similar in shape and slightly smaller to the inner periphery of the hopper 102, a horizontal rod 161 connecting the upper rotating boss 154 and a lower rod 162 connecting the rotating boss 154. The horizontal rod 161 and the lower rod 162 are arranged in a cross shape in plan view from the rotating boss 154. Here, among the horizontal rods 161, the one extending in the vehicle width direction of the tractor is referred to as a first horizontal rod 161a. The first horizontal rod 161a is orthogonal to the arm 158 in plan view. Another horizontal rod 161 orthogonal to the first horizontal rod 161a is referred to as a second horizontal rod 161b. The second horizontal rod 161b coincides with the arm 158 in plan view. The lower rod 162 extends downward in parallel with the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102 from the end of the horizontal rod 161, is bent upward at the lowest point, and is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating boss 154. The outer peripheral frame 163 is a frame that has a similar shape in which the hopper 102 is reduced in plan view, and connects the ends of the horizontal rods 161 to maintain the shape of the bridge prevention body 160.

  FIGS. 6A to 6C are plan views showing the movement of the bridge prevention body 160. FIG. In the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101 configured as described above, when the driving force from the PTO shaft of the tractor is input to the input shaft 201 (see FIG. 2), the bevel gear group 202 and the gear 203 (both refer to FIG. 2). Accordingly, the first shaft portion 204 rotates in the direction around the axis RA. By the rotation of the first shaft portion 204, the second shaft portion 153 moves so as to make a satellite motion around the first shaft portion 204 in a plan view while maintaining a posture extending in the vertical direction.

  Here, the rotating boss 154 is not fixed to any of the rotating boss support 151, the second support 155, and the rail body 109. Furthermore, since the guide pin 159 has entered the guide hole 110, the end of the arm 158 on the guide pin 159 side cannot be separated from the rail body 109. Therefore, the rotating boss 154 moves in the axial direction RA while being pulled rearward by the arm 158. As a result, as shown in the order of FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B, and FIG. 6C, the bridge preventing body 160 has the outer peripheral frame 163 in the horizontal plane in the front, rear, left, and right directions around the first shaft portion 204. Move while swinging and rotating.

  FIGS. 7A and 7B are side views showing the movement of the bridge prevention body 160. FIG. As described above, when the rotation boss 154 moves in the axial direction RA around the first shaft portion 204 with the rotation of the first shaft portion 204 and the bridge prevention body 160 moves while shaking, the lower side of the bridge prevention body 160 is lowered. The scissors 162 move along the inner wall 102a while approaching and moving away from the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102. At this time, the lower rod 162 of the fertilizer 105 accommodated in the hopper 102 smashes the fertilizer 105 in the hopper 102 toward the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102 or crushes it by moving along the inner wall 102a of the hopper 102. Or Therefore, in the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, even if the shape of the hopper 102 does not have a straight cone shape with the bottom surface being a perfect circle, the movement of the bridge preventing body 160 that swings in this way causes the inside of the hopper 102 to move. The fertilizer 105 can be reliably stirred and dropped onto the spraying unit 103 and sprayed from the spraying port 207b of the spraying unit 103. Then, the operator grips the gripping portion 301a and moves the shutter operation lever 301, slides the shutter plate 107 in the horizontal direction to connect or close the hopper 102 and the spraying portion 103, and the tractor moves. The amount of fertilizer 105 sprayed on the traveling field can be adjusted.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer spreading apparatus 101 with the hopper 102 rotated upward as seen from the side. In the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, the hopper 102 is placed on the hopper holding frame 102H, and the hopper holding frame 102H can be rotated rearward with respect to the frame 108. By rotating, the hopper 102 Is also rotated, facilitating cleaning and maintenance. The clutch portion 157 provided on the first shaft portion 204 automatically separates the first shaft portion 204 and the second shaft portion 153 up and down when the hopper 102 rotates.

  By providing such a structure, in the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 of this Embodiment, the hopper 102 can be rotated upwards and can be lifted. Here, a rail body 109 is connected to the hopper 102, and a second support portion 155 is attached to the rail body 109 via a bearing boss 109a. And the 1st support part 152 and the 2nd support part 155 are connected by the long volt | bolt 153a, and the rotation boss | hub 154 is arrange | positioned around this long volt | bolt 153a. Thereby, when the hopper 102 is lifted upward, the part above the clutch part 157 in the rotating boss support 151 is also lifted together. For this reason, in the fertilizer spraying apparatus 101 of this Embodiment, the whole upper part including this is removed including the hopper 102, the inlet 207a is exposed, and the inside of the spraying blade case 207 is cleaned from this inlet 207a. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Fertilizer spreading apparatus 102 Hopper 102a Inner wall 102B Bottom opening 103 Spreading part 104 Shutter part 105 Fertilizer (to-be-spread material)
109 Rail body (Rotating boss guide)
151 Rotating boss support 153 Second shaft portion 154 Rotating boss 157 Clutch portion 158 Arm 160 Bridge prevention body 204 First shaft portion

Claims (2)

A hopper that is provided with a bottom opening and accommodates an object to be dispersed;
A shutter portion that opens and closes the bottom opening;
A spraying unit for spraying the material to be sprayed that has dropped through the bottom opening;
A first shaft portion extending upward from the bottom opening and being rotatable about a shaft;
A second shaft portion extending in a horizontal direction from the first shaft portion and further extending upward and provided in parallel with the first shaft portion;
A rotating boss rotatable around the second shaft portion in a circumferential direction;
A rotating boss guide portion fixedly provided above the inner wall of the hopper;
An arm extending from the rotating boss and slidably coupled to the cylindrical guide part;
An anti-bridging body fixedly held on the rotating boss and provided in the vicinity of the inner wall of the hopper, swinging horizontally with the rotating boss as the first shaft portion rotates, and approaching and moving away from the inner wall of the hopper; ,
A fertilizer application device. A clutch portion separating the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion;
The fertilizer application device according to claim 1.

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