JP5406773B2 - Security measure support device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a security measure support apparatus using a three-dimensional model such as a building or terrain, and is capable of visualizing and quantitatively evaluating the natural monitoring ability of a passerby, particularly reflecting the human gaze characteristics. It relates to a security measure support device.

  Conventionally, in order to design an environment with a high crime prevention level, various devices and methods have been proposed and implemented. As a general idea of the crime prevention environment design, strengthening of crime prevention targets, access control, ensuring area characteristics, and ensuring surveillance are listed as main pillars. The strengthening of the crime prevention object is prevention of intrusion by equipment, for example, attaching a grid to a window glass, using a crime prevention glass that is difficult to break, or attaching a double key. The approach control is mainly to remove the intrusion route to the building to be protected. Ensuring regionality is to act against human consciousness by fences or signs to prevent entry. Ensuring surveillance is to prevent intrusions and other crimes by making them aware that they are being monitored.

  Ensuring monitorability includes machine monitorability, organizational monitorability, and natural monitorability. The machine monitoring is performed by using a machine as in the case of installing a security camera or a security sensor. Here, it is important that the machine monitoring performance can be detected from the outside rather than secretly monitoring. Organizational monitoring is systematically monitored by a police organization or a security company. In many cases, machine monitoring and organization monitoring are implemented in combination, and when an abnormality occurs in monitoring by a machine, a person in charge of the organization goes to monitoring or strengthens the inspection.

  In security environment design, nature monitoring is regarded as important. “Natural monitoring” refers to a state in which a crime prevention target is randomly monitored by the eyes of neighbors and passersby who do not belong to a particular organization. To give a simple example, it is difficult to enter from a window facing a busy street, and it is intended to create such a situation in as many intrusion routes as possible. Attempts have been made to strengthen crime prevention facilities in places where natural monitoring is low, or to design buildings so that natural monitoring is high.

  When trying to design a building based on nature monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate nature monitoring. In the past, nature monitoring could only be evaluated qualitatively. On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, the sight line of a passer-by is regarded as a point light source and arranged on the road at equal intervals, and the intensity of the light amount reaching the virtual light receiving point on the outer wall surface of the building or the site is naturally monitored. It is described that it is considered sex. Patent Document 1 states that the invasion risk can be objectively and quantitatively determined by using the lightness and darkness. It states that it is possible to apply intrusion countermeasure means such as an opening structure having a crime prevention performance corresponding to the degree of invasion and crime prevention equipment to the opening provided on the outer wall surface of the building.

JP 2009-266218 A

  In the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, a point light source is used as a light source that simulates a line of sight. However, a person's line of sight is not poured evenly in all directions, but is strongly poured forward in the traveling direction. Here, when a point light source is used, the same line of sight as the front is distributed to the rear. That is, in the conventional method, there is a problem that such a gaze characteristic of a passerby is not taken into consideration and the averaged nature monitoring property is evaluated.

  In general, the amount of traffic on roads varies greatly depending on the time of day, and it is empirically known that the flow direction of passersby is reversed between morning and evening in residential areas and office districts. In this respect as well, there is a problem that if a point light source is used, calculation according to the time zone cannot be performed, and only average evaluation can be performed.

  Therefore, the present invention analyzes a traffic vector that fluctuates for each time zone, and reflects a gaze characteristic that a person mainly gazes forward in the direction of travel, thereby highly accurate natural monitoring of buildings and surroundings that are to be protected. It aims at providing the crime prevention measure support device which presents.

The representative configuration of the security measure support device according to the present invention is the building information including the three-dimensional shape of the building to be protected, the map information that enables the building to be placed, and the position around the position where the building on the map information is placed. A virtual three-dimensional space from a storage unit that stores passer-by information including a pass-by amount of a passer-by and a movement direction of the passer-by, a gaze characteristic including a viewing angle when the passer-by gazes, and building information and map information It generates a hand on the viewing angle of light at each position to place the spot light source having an intensity of light according to traffic amount of passers, spot light source toward the moving direction of the pedestrian in a virtual three-dimensional space A natural monitoring property calculation unit that irradiates the virtual three-dimensional space and calculates the received light amount of the light at each position in the virtual three-dimensional space as the natural monitoring property data, and the calculated natural monitoring property data in the virtual three-dimensional space. An output unit for display on The features.

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to calculate the natural monitoring property data by reflecting the human gaze characteristic of passing while looking forward while replacing the line of sight of the passerby with a spot light source. This is because humans pass while looking forward, and monitoring in the lateral and backward directions is basically not performed. As a result, it is possible to perform more realistic evaluation of natural monitoring than when simulating the line of sight using a point light source.

  The passer-by information may include a passer-by attribute, and the gaze characteristic may include a viewing angle when the passer-by for each attribute is watched. The attributes of passersby can be classified by, for example, standards, commuters, commuters, tourists, local residents, ages, and gender, and it is preferable that individual settings can be added. Accordingly, various gaze characteristics can be set in consideration of not only the number and direction of passers-by but also the behavior pattern. In addition, by setting the attributes of passers-by, it is possible to reflect regional characteristics such as residential districts, commercial districts, and office districts.

  The passer-by information is stored as time-series information, has a selection unit that can arbitrarily select a predetermined range of the passer-by information, and the natural monitoring property calculation unit is a passer-by obtained from the predetermined range selected by the selection unit Natural monitoring data may be calculated according to the amount of traffic. As a result, it is possible to calculate natural monitoring data for a desired time zone. In addition, it becomes possible to display the natural monitoring data in different time zones in a comparable manner.

  The storage unit further stores an evaluation standard of the natural monitoring data, and the security measure support device further includes a natural monitoring characteristic evaluation unit that compares and determines the calculated natural monitoring data and the evaluation standard and outputs the evaluation data. The output unit may output evaluation data together with or in place of the natural monitoring data. This makes it possible to display an objective evaluation, and even a non-specialist can easily understand the evaluation of the natural monitoring data.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to calculate natural monitoring data by reflecting a human gaze characteristic of passing while looking forward by replacing a passer's line of sight with a spot light source. As a result, it is possible to evaluate the nature monitoring nature in accordance with reality.

It is a figure explaining the structure of the crime prevention measure assistance apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of a passer-by information table. It is a figure which shows the example of a flow line table. It is a figure explaining the natural surveillance model based on a person's gaze characteristic. It is a figure which shows the example of a gaze characteristic table. It is a flowchart which shows the whole operation | movement. It is a flowchart explaining the process which calculates the flow line of a passerby. It is a flowchart explaining the process which calculates natural monitoring property. It is an example of display of nature monitoring nature outdoors. It is a display example of the nature monitoring property indoors.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do.

(Device configuration)
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a security measure support apparatus according to this embodiment. In the crime prevention measure support apparatus 100 described below, each of the constituent elements is realized as a general-purpose computer and a program that operates on the computer. The program may be installed in a computer in advance, may be stored in a recording medium and distributed, or may be distributed through a network.

  The security measure support apparatus 100 includes an input unit 112, a processing unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an output unit 114. As will be described later, the storage unit 130 stores data input from the input unit 112 and data calculated by the processing unit 120.

  The input unit 112 receives building information, map information, and passerby information used for calculation / storage of passerby information by the operator of the apparatus 100. Note that the data may be input via a recording medium or a network, or may be input from an input device such as a keyboard or a mouse. The input data is stored in the storage unit 130.

  The building information includes the building ID and the three-dimensional shape of the building to be protected (outside shape, internal shape, opening shape such as windows and doors, exterior shape, planting, fountain, etc. The shape of the object). These three-dimensional shapes are three-dimensional shapes. Further, the building information may include the name and lot number of the building. The building information is stored in the building information table 132 of the storage unit 130.

  The map information includes a crime prevention building, and includes the topography and road shape around the building. As the map information, three-dimensional CAD, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) or the like can be used. GIS is a system that has map information and additional information on a computer, and data is accumulated from aerial surveys and field surveys. In the present embodiment, the road shape and the layout of the building are acquired from the three-dimensional CAD. The map information is stored in the map information table 134 of the storage unit 130.

  As the passer-by information, the number of passers-by, attributes, and the flow direction are input. The flow direction can be specified by designating a start point and an end point. The start point and the end point specify a position including the building to be protected on the route. Note that the general number of passersby and attributes may be used at the planning stage, that is, at the place before construction, but it is preferable to obtain the traffic volume survey (field survey) at the existing location. In this traffic volume survey, the surveyor may observe and count, but may also measure using a laser scanner or an image sensor. The passer-by information is stored in the passer-by information table 136 of the storage unit 130.

  By classifying passers-by in this way, it is possible to set various gaze characteristics in consideration of not only the number and direction of passers-by but also action patterns. In addition, by setting the attributes of passers-by, it is possible to reflect regional characteristics such as residential areas, commercial districts, and office districts where buildings for crime prevention are located.

  However, classification by attribute is not essential, and only the time zone, the start and end points, and the number of people may be stored in the passer-by information table 136. That is, it is always the same state that there is only one type of attribute.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a passer-by information table. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the passer-by information table 136 stores a time zone, a start point, an end point, attributes, and the number of people per unit time (corresponding to density). The time zone is shown to be every unit time (every 2 hours), but the unit time does not have to be a certain time width, and the time zone where fluctuations are intense can be shortened or guards can be used. The time zone may be set according to the traveling time. By inputting the start point and end point, the calculation range is determined and the movement direction of the passerby is also determined. The attributes of passersby can be classified by, for example, standard, commuters, commuters, tourists, local residents, ages, and genders, and additional individual settings can be specified. A passerby moving in the opposite direction and a passerby having different attributes are recorded separately.

  In the above example, when the flow line calculation unit 124, which will be described later, calculates the flow line, the number of passers-by who are designated during the designated time zone is generated at approximately equal intervals. However, it is preferable that the flow line calculation unit 124 irregularly change the interval for generating passers-by using random numbers.

  In FIG. 2, it is specified as a wide time zone, but may be specified by time. For example, when trying to simulate a situation where a train arrives, a large number of passersby are generated at a time. In such a case, the number of people specified by the flow line calculation unit 124 can be generated at a time by specifying a time zone having a width of zero.

  The processing unit 120 includes a storage unit update unit 122, a flow line calculation unit 124, and a natural monitoring property calculation unit 126.

  The storage unit updating unit 122 causes the storage unit 130 to store each data input from the input unit 112.

  The flow line calculation unit 124 reads the building information from the building information table 132 and the map information from the map information table 134 to form a virtual three-dimensional space, reads the passer-by information from the passer-by information table 136, and creates a virtual three-dimensional Calculate the flow of passersby in the space. A flow line is a position where a passerby exists in a virtual three-dimensional space generated from building information and map information, and is a trajectory of the passer's movement. The flow line calculation unit 124 further time-divides the time zone specified in the passer-by information table 136, calculates the position where each passer-by exists at each time, and the locus of the displacement is the flow line of each passer-by. It becomes. The calculated flow line is stored in the flow line table 140 of the storage unit 130.

  The flow line calculation unit 124 calculates the flow line so that the passerby follows the shortest path from the start point to the end point in principle. However, in this case, passers-by are lined up and only one flow line is formed (the same flow line is drawn). Therefore, it is possible to use random numbers to disperse the initial positions for generating passers-by within the width of the road, to disperse the walking speed of passers-by, or to suddenly change the direction. As a result, passers-by are dispersed to some extent on the route (on the road), and a flow line that more reflects the reality can be obtained.

  Furthermore, the flow line calculation unit 124 may calculate a flow line for each passer-by so as not to be smaller than a certain distance so that passers-by do not collide. The calculation of avoidance behavior is a little computationally expensive, but the gaze direction (movement direction) varies irregularly depending on the avoidance behavior of passersby, so it is possible to evaluate nature monitoring more realistically It becomes. A specific calculation method can be realized by using a known crowd collision avoidance model.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a flow line table. In the present embodiment, the flow line table includes passers-by IDs, time-divided times, and position coordinates (x, y, z). The position coordinates are described as a distance from the origin in the virtual three-dimensional space. Although the time division is performed in units of one second in the figure, the time width can be arbitrarily set based on the balance between the processing capacity of the computer and the calculation load. Moreover, you may calculate a position coordinate about specific time like the patrol time of a guard.

  If a direction vector is calculated from the position coordinates at a certain time and the position coordinates at the next time, the direction of this vector can be set as the movement direction of the passerby at that time. This direction vector is calculated by the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 described below. In this embodiment, the movement direction of the passerby is set as the line-of-sight direction as it is.

  The flow line table 140 can be described as a direction vector (a combination of a direction and a movement distance) instead of describing the position coordinates at each time. That is, the flow line calculation unit 124 may calculate the direction vector in advance before storing it in the flow line table 140.

  The flow line is effective when the crime prevention building is not yet constructed. However, in the case of an existing building, instead of calculating the flow line by the flow line calculation unit 124, it may be measured locally using a laser scanner or an image sensor. When performing on-site measurement, traffic volume survey and traffic line measurement can be performed simultaneously.

  In the above description, the flow line is calculated for each passerby. However, for example, when the flow line overlaps or concentrates in a certain space, this space is used to reduce the calculation load. Inside, a single flow line selected from these overlapping flow lines or concentrated flow lines may be used as a representative flow line. If it is difficult to calculate the flow line, a representative flow line may be manually input and substituted.

  The natural monitorability calculation unit 126 reads the building information from the building information table 132 and the map information from the map information table 134 to form a virtual three-dimensional space. Then, the flow line is read from the flow line table 140, the passer-by information is read from the passer-by information table 136, and the gaze characteristic of each passer-by is read from the gaze characteristic table 138, which will be described later. A spot light source that simulates the above is arranged. The region receiving the light from the spot light source is a region where natural monitoring is obtained as a region watched by passers-by.

  Here, the gaze characteristic is a characteristic that characterizes a range that a person can monitor at random, and is data including at least a viewing angle. In this way, a state in which a crime prevention target is randomly monitored by neighbors or passersby who do not belong to a special organization is called natural monitoring. Therefore, it can be said that the region with high gaze frequency in the gaze characteristic has high natural monitoring performance.

  4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining a natural monitoring model based on human gaze characteristics. FIG. 4A is a side view and FIG. 4B is a plan view. Assuming that the viewing angle of the person 300 is an elevation angle θ1, a heel angle θ2, and a horizontal angle θ3, the right side in FIG. 4 is the front surface of the person 300, and the horizontal direction of the front surface is the line-of-sight direction. In the figure, a dark hatched region 302 that is symmetrically expressed by a human eye height h, elevation angle θ1, eyelid angle θ2, horizontal angle θ3, and distance r1 is a spatial region (gaze frequency) that can be watched most by the person 300. High area). Accordingly, the region 302 is a spatial region where the highest natural monitoring performance can be obtained. The distance r <b> 2 is a distance at which the secured natural monitoring performance is lost due to the limit of the attention of the person 300 or the limit of visual recognition ability due to the distance.

  For the region 302 from the person 300 to the distance r1, it may be considered that uniform natural monitoring is obtained, or may be considered to attenuate according to the distance from the person 300. For the region 304 from the distance r1 to the distance r2, it may be considered that the obtained natural monitoring performance is attenuated according to the distance.

  The thin hatched region 306 and the non-hatched region 308 outside the elevation angle θ1, the heel angle θ2, and the horizontal angle θ3 may be considered to be attenuated by an angle from the line-of-sight direction in addition to attenuation by distance. Further, a region 308 that is 180 ° behind the person 300 may be considered as a region that does not have natural monitoring ability.

  The above “obtained natural monitoring” can be reflected in the calculation as the intensity of light received from the spot light source. Since the actual light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source, the spot light source in general three-dimensional software is calculated as light attenuated according to the same rule. In this embodiment, it may be calculated as such, but by reducing the light of the spot light source based on the “obtained natural monitoring” as described above, natural monitoring that further considers the gaze characteristics of the person is provided. Can be obtained.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a gaze characteristic table. The gaze characteristic is input in advance by the operator and stored in the gaze characteristic table 138 of the storage unit 130. As shown in the figure, the gaze characteristic table 138 describes the eye height h, elevation angle θ1, heel angle θ2, horizontal angle θ3, and distances r1 and r2 for each passerby attribute. If the attenuation of the light from the spot light source is to follow the natural law, the distances r1 and r2 are not necessary, and only the eye height and viewing angle (elevation angle θ1, eyelid angle θ2, horizontal angle θ3) need be described. .

  The attributes in the gaze characteristic table 138 include all attributes that can be described in the passer-by information table 136. Again, as an example of the attributes of passers-by, it can be classified by standard, commuter, attendant, tourist, local resident, age, gender, etc., and additional individual settings can also be specified. The eye height can be an average value, but an attribute may be added according to the height. Note that the eye height data is not essential, and can be omitted by setting it to a uniform height.

  Now, when the natural-observability calculating unit 126 reads the flow line from the flow line table 140, the natural-monitoring property calculating unit 126 grasps the time when the calculation is performed and the position of the passer-by at the next time, and the position and moving direction of each passer-by (ie, the line of sight Direction). Then, the passerby information table 136 is referred to based on the passer ID described in the flow line table 140, and the gaze characteristic table 138 is referred to based on the passerby attribute obtained here, and the eye height and Get the viewing angle. And the spot light source which has the same breadth as a viewing angle is arrange | positioned toward a passer's eyes | visual_axis direction at the position of a passer-by and eye level. This is repeated for all passersby in the virtual three-dimensional space at that time.

  Moreover, when the passerby has stopped walking, the direction in which the front side of the passerby is facing can be set as the line-of-sight direction. The front face of the passerby can be defined by using the final position coordinate and the position coordinate immediately before the passerby who has been walking. In addition, when the passerby is originally stopped or when the passerby changes the direction during the stop, the front side may be defined separately from the position.

  When all the spot light sources are arranged, the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 irradiates light on the surface of the three-dimensional model generated based on the building information in a superimposed manner, and the light that is the amount of light received at each position on the surface. The strength (illuminance) is calculated and calculated as natural monitoring data for crime prevention targets by passers-by. The calculated natural monitoring data is stored in the natural monitoring table 142 of the storage unit 130. The intensity of the irradiated light may be used as natural monitoring data as it is, but may be normalized or quantized.

  As an example of normalization, the maximum value can be expressed as 100%, and other values can be expressed as 0 to 100%. Thereby, even if the total number of passersby existing in the virtual three-dimensional space at different times is significantly different, the comparison can be facilitated.

  As an example of quantization, levels can be displayed by dividing the minimum value to the maximum value into a plurality of levels. At this time, it is not necessary to quantize linearly (linearly), and the range to be particularly noted may be finely quantized. For example, there is no problem when a certain level of natural monitoring performance is obtained, and therefore it is conceivable to finely quantize a range where natural monitoring performance is low.

  In addition, the storage unit 130 includes an evaluation criterion table 144 that stores the evaluation criteria for natural monitoring data, and the processing unit 120 compares the calculated natural monitoring data with the evaluation criteria and outputs evaluation data. You may have the monitoring property evaluation part 128. FIG. The output unit 114 may output evaluation data together with or in place of the natural monitoring data. This makes it possible to display an objective evaluation, and even a non-specialist can easily understand the evaluation of the natural monitoring data.

  The output unit 114 superimposes and outputs the natural monitoring data read from the natural monitoring table 142 as an image of a virtual three-dimensional space based on building information and map information as color, brightness, or characters (including numbers). In addition, it is preferable to display a graphical display such as color and brightness and a character display in an overlapping manner. In addition to being able to grasp intuitively with a graphical display, it is possible to grasp the evaluation objectively with a character display. The output form may be displayed on a monitor screen or printed on paper. It may also be displayed at a remote location via a network such as the Internet. When displayed on the monitor screen, a still image may be used, but a moving image can also be used as described later.

  Further, the output unit 114 may read out the natural monitoring data of different unit times from the natural monitoring table 142 and display them in a comparable manner. Thereby, it is possible to more realistically simulate the living behavior of passers-by in a crime prevention building. Here, as examples of display that can be compared, parallel display may be performed simultaneously, or display may be alternately performed. Moreover, the natural monitoring data can be displayed as an animation by switching and displaying the natural monitoring data of a plurality of unit times along a time series. The unit time does not need to be a fixed time width, and the time width may be shortened in a time zone in which fluctuations are severe, or natural monitoring data may be calculated in accordance with the patrol time of the guard.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to calculate natural monitoring data by replacing the line of sight of a passerby with a spot light source and reflecting the gaze characteristic of a person who passes while looking forward. As a result, it is possible to perform more realistic evaluation of natural monitoring than when simulating the line of sight using a point light source.

[Example]
The operation of the security measure support apparatus 100 having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the entire operation.

  As described above, the operator inputs crime prevention target building information and surrounding map information from the input unit 112 (step 400), and the storage unit update unit 122 stores them in the building information table 132 and the map information table 134. Subsequently, the operator sets a unit time and an evaluation time zone for evaluating nature monitoring from the input unit 112 (step 402). The unit time can be set in increments of 1 hour or 6 hours. The evaluation time zone is a set of unit times. For example, if the unit time is 1 hour and the evaluation time zone is 2 hours, two natural monitoring evaluations are generated and can be compared. However, the evaluation time zone may be discontinuous. The unit time and the evaluation time zone here are independent of the time zone data described in the passer-by information table 136 and do not need to be linked.

  The operator sets whether to evaluate the gaze characteristic for each passerby from the input unit 112 (step 404). If the gaze characteristics are not individually evaluated, the “standard” attribute is applied to all passers-by. In the case of individual evaluation, the operator can add individual gaze characteristics to the gaze characteristic table 138 from the input unit 112.

  The operator inputs passer-by information to the passer-by information table 136 from the input unit 112 (step 406). In the passer-by information, the start point, the end point, and the number of people are input for each time zone and, if necessary, for each attribute or passer-by. When these inputs are completed, the processing unit 120 starts calculation.

  The flow line calculation unit 124 reads the building information from the building information table 132, the map information from the map information table 134, and the passer-by information from the passer-by information table 136, and calculates the pass-line of the passer-by. The calculated flow line is stored in the flow line table 140 (step 408). The detailed operation of the process for calculating the flow line will be described later.

  The natural monitorability calculation unit 126 reads the gaze characteristics (mainly the viewing angle) from the gaze characteristic table 138 and the flow lines from the flow line table 140, calculates the natural monitorability, and stores them in the natural monitorability table 142 (step) 410). The detailed operation of the process for calculating the natural monitoring property will be described later.

  The output unit 114 superimposes and outputs the natural monitoring data read from the natural monitoring table 142 on the image in the virtual three-dimensional space based on the building information and the map information as color, brightness, or characters (including numbers) ( Step 412).

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a process for calculating a flow line of a passerby. The flow line calculation unit 124 first reads the building information from the building information table 132 and the map information from the map information table 134 (step 420). This defines a virtual three-dimensional space in which passers-by can move. Next, it is determined whether or not to evaluate a part of the evaluation time zones (whether or not the evaluation time zone is set) (step 422).

  When the evaluation time zone is set (YES in step 422), the flow line calculation unit 124 acquires the evaluation time zone to be evaluated (step 424). Then, passerby information in the evaluation time zone is read from the passerby information table 136 (step 426), and the flow line of the passerby from the start point to the end point is calculated for each passerby and stored in the flow line table 140 (step 428). It is determined whether or not a flow line has been calculated for the entire designated evaluation time zone (step 430). If not completed, the flow returns to step 424 to repeat the above operation (NO in step 430). If the entire evaluation time period has been completed (YES in step 430), the operation is terminated.

  When the evaluation time zone is not set (NO in step 422), the flow line calculation unit 124 reads all the input passer-by information from the passer-by information table 136 as an evaluation target all at once (step 432). ). Then, as in step 428, the flow line of the passerby is calculated and stored in the flow line table 140 (step 434). When step 434 is completed, the operation is terminated.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the operation (step 410) of the process for calculating the natural monitoring property. First, the natural monitoring calculation unit 126 reads the building information from the building information table 132 and the map information from the map information table 134 (step 440). This defines a virtual three-dimensional space in which passers-by can move. Next, it is determined whether or not to evaluate a part of the evaluation time zone (whether or not the evaluation time zone is set) (step 442).

  When the evaluation time zone is set (YES in step 442), the natural monitoring property calculating unit 126 acquires the evaluation time zone and unit time to be evaluated (step 444). Then, the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 reads a flow line from the flow line table 140 (step 446).

  Next, the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 determines whether or not to evaluate the gaze characteristic for each passerby with reference to the setting input in Step 404 (Step 448). When the gaze characteristic is evaluated for each passerby (YES in step 448), the natural monitoring property calculation unit 126 reads the gaze characteristic corresponding to the attribute of each passer-by from the gaze characteristic table 138 (step 450). When the gaze characteristics are not evaluated for each passerby (NO in step 448), the natural monitoring calculation unit 126 reads “standard” gaze characteristics from the gaze characteristic table 138 for all passersby (step 452).

  Then, the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 arranges the spot light source on the flow line based on the read gaze characteristic, calculates the natural monitorability data, and stores it in the natural monitorability table 142 (step 454). It is determined whether or not a flow line has been calculated for the entire designated evaluation time zone (step 456). If not completed, the process returns to step 444 and the above operation is repeated (NO in step 456). If the entire evaluation time period has been completed (YES in step 456), the operation is terminated.

  When the evaluation time zone is not set (NO in step 442), the natural monitoring property calculation unit 126 reads all the flow lines from the flow line table 140 (step 458). Thereafter, similarly to steps 448 to 454, it is determined whether or not the gaze characteristic is evaluated for each passerby (step 460). When the gaze characteristic is evaluated for each passerby, the gaze according to the attribute of each passerby is determined. The characteristics are read (step 462), and when the gaze characteristics are not evaluated for each passerby, the “standard” gaze characteristics are read from the gaze characteristic table 138 for all passersby (step 464). Then, the natural monitorability calculation unit 126 arranges the spot light source on the flow line based on the read gaze characteristic, calculates the natural monitorability data, and stores it in the natural monitorability table 142 (step 466). When step 466 is completed, the operation is terminated.

  FIG. 9 is a display example of the outdoor nature monitoring performance, and FIGS. 9A and 9B are output examples in which the nature monitoring performance is superimposed on the three-dimensional model in different unit times.

  The security target building shown in FIG. 9 is assumed to be a complex commercial facility. Six people are walking toward the front building side, and one person is standing to the right in front of the tree. And the illuminance of the spot light source that simulates the eyes of each passerby is expressed by the shading in the image. This shading represents the degree of nature monitoring. The two sheets shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B have a time difference of about several seconds, and it can be seen that the nature monitoring property obtained by comparison is changing. When these two images are output, they may be displayed in parallel at the same time. When they are displayed on the monitor screen, they may be displayed alternately or in a switchable manner. Moreover, you may output as an animation by using two or more images.

  10 is a display example of indoor nature monitoring, FIG. 10A is a diagram showing a building and a passerby, FIG. 10B is an output example in which the nature monitoring is further superimposed, FIG. ) Is a diagram showing a floor plan. The security target building shown in FIG. 10 is assumed to be a first floor portion of a commercial building, and a passerby walking outdoors and a passerby entering indoors are set. The elevator is assumed to be ahead of the passerby who walks indoors. Compared to FIG. 9, passers-by are lined up in a row. FIG. 9 shows an example in which a flow line is calculated for each passer-by, and FIG. 10 shows an example using typical flow lines. Because. Note that FIG. 10 may be considered as a display in which the trajectories of two people are overlapped at a certain interval, or may be considered as a display at a certain time when the traffic vector of two flow lines is large.

  In FIG. 10B, the illuminance of the spot light source that simulates the line of sight of each passerby is expressed by the shading in the image, and this shading represents the degree of natural monitoring. As can be seen from FIGS. 10 (b) and 10 (c), it can be seen that natural monitoring is difficult to be secured at the back (shaded portion) of the passage extending left and right from the elevator. In this way, natural monitoring can be expressed indoors as well as outdoors.

  As described above, the lightness indicating the natural monitoring property may be quantized and applied in stages. Further, as the natural monitoring data, the illuminance value or the normalized value may be displayed as a legend, or the evaluation by the natural monitoring performance evaluation unit 128 may be superimposed as characters (including numbers).

  Furthermore, in order to improve the crime prevention performance of parts where natural surveillance is not ensured, in addition to outputting natural surveillance, measures to supplement with other elements of crime prevention environment design (CPTED) such as machine monitoring and organizational monitoring Candidates may be displayed. For example, it is possible to prepare a database that accumulates the positions of surveillance cameras to be additionally installed and routes in which guards as new passers-by are to be arranged, and show how the measures can be improved by applying measures.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to the example which concerns. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Understood.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a security measure support apparatus that can visualize and quantitatively evaluate the natural monitoring performance of passers-by, particularly reflecting human gaze characteristics.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Security measure assistance apparatus, 112 ... Input part, 114 ... Output part, 120 ... Processing part, 122 ... Memory | storage part update part, 124 ... Flow line calculation part, 126 ... Natural monitoring property calculation part, 128 ... Natural monitoring property evaluation , 130 ... Storage unit, 132 ... Building information table, 134 ... Map information table, 136 ... Passerby information table, 138 ... Gaze characteristic table, 140 ... Traffic line table, 142 ... Natural monitorability table, 144 ... Evaluation criteria table , 300 ... person, 302 ... area, 304 ... area, 306 ... area, 308 ... area

Claims (4)

Building information including the three-dimensional shape of the building to be protected, map information that enables the building to be arranged, and the amount of traffic and the direction of movement of the passerby around the location of the building on the map information A storage unit that stores passer-by information including gaze characteristics including a viewing angle when the passer-by gazes;
A virtual three-dimensional space is generated from the building information and the map information, a spot light source having light intensity corresponding to the amount of traffic of the passer-by is disposed at each position in the virtual three-dimensional space, and the traffic the light of the spot light source toward the moving direction of the person is irradiated hand the virtual three-dimensional space on the viewing angle, calculates the received light amount of the light at each position of the virtual three-dimensional space as a natural monitoring of data A natural monitoring property calculating unit,
An output unit for displaying the calculated natural monitoring data in the virtual three-dimensional space;
A security measure support device characterized by comprising: The passer-by information includes passer-by attributes,
The security measure support apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gaze characteristic includes a viewing angle when a passerby for each attribute gazes. The passer-by information is stored as time-series information,
A selection unit capable of arbitrarily selecting a predetermined range of the passer-by information;
The said natural monitoring property calculation part calculates natural monitoring data according to the traffic volume of the said passer-by obtained from the predetermined range selected by the said selection part, Either of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. The security measure support device according to item 1. The storage unit further stores evaluation criteria for natural monitoring data,
The security measure support apparatus further includes a natural monitoring property evaluation unit that compares and determines the calculated natural monitoring data and the evaluation criteria and outputs evaluation data,
The crime prevention measure support apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the output unit outputs evaluation data together with or in place of the natural monitoring data.