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JP5409057B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents
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JP5409057B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP5409057B2
JP5409057B2 JP2009060404A JP2009060404A JP5409057B2 JP 5409057 B2 JP5409057 B2 JP 5409057B2 JP 2009060404 A JP2009060404 A JP 2009060404A JP 2009060404 A JP2009060404 A JP 2009060404A JP 5409057 B2 JP5409057 B2 JP 5409057B2
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gripping member
rod
shaped gripping
image forming
forming apparatus
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JP2010217208A (en
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昌巳 淵
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Kyocera Document Solutions Inc
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Kyocera Document Solutions Inc
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Description

本発明は、複写機、プリンタ等の画像形成装置に関し、特に画像形成装置の運搬や移動を行う際に把持する取っ手の改良に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer, and more particularly to improvement of a handle that is gripped when the image forming apparatus is transported or moved.

電子写真方式を用いた画像形成装置では、重量の大きい中型や大型の装置になると運搬や移動の際の取り扱いが困難であった。従来、装置側面に把持用の凹みを設けることが行われていたが、作業者の指部分のみが引っ掛かる程度であり、十分に力を加えることができなかった。また、装置側面から把持用の取っ手を突出させた場合、運搬作業性は向上する反面、装置の設置スペースが大きくなるという問題点があった。   In an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method, handling of a medium-sized or large-sized apparatus having a large weight is difficult when transported or moved. Conventionally, gripping dents have been provided on the side of the apparatus, but only the finger portion of the operator is caught, and sufficient force cannot be applied. Further, when the grip handle is protruded from the side surface of the apparatus, the carrying workability is improved, but the installation space of the apparatus is increased.

そこで、特許文献1及び2には、装置本体から出し入れ可能な棒状の把持部(取っ手)を複数設けた画像形成装置が開示されている。特許文献1、2の構成によれば、画像形成装置の設置スペースを大きくすることなく運搬作業性を向上できる。また、特許文献1の把持部は軽量化のために中空状に形成され、端部には手が滑り抜けるのを防止するための滑り止め部が形成されている。   Therefore, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose an image forming apparatus provided with a plurality of rod-shaped grips (handles) that can be taken in and out of the apparatus main body. According to the configurations of Patent Documents 1 and 2, the transport workability can be improved without increasing the installation space of the image forming apparatus. Further, the gripping portion of Patent Document 1 is formed in a hollow shape for weight reduction, and an anti-slip portion for preventing the hand from slipping through is formed at the end portion.

特開2003−107822号公報JP 2003-107822 A 特開2008−107461号公報JP 2008-107461 A

しかしながら、特許文献1の把持部では滑り止め部が端部にのみ形成されているため、把持部の中程を把持した場合に手が滑ってしまうという不具合があった。また、滑り止め部は金属板を折り曲げて形成されるため、折り曲げ工程数が増加するという問題点もあった。そして、画像形成装置の軽量化の要望に伴い、把持部についても更なる軽量化が求められていた。   However, in the gripping part of Patent Document 1, since the anti-slip part is formed only at the end part, there is a problem that the hand slips when the middle part of the gripping part is gripped. Further, since the anti-slip portion is formed by bending a metal plate, there is a problem that the number of bending steps increases. Further, with the demand for weight reduction of the image forming apparatus, further weight reduction of the grip portion has been demanded.

さらに、装置の設置場所によっては装置側面と壁や他の機器との間隔が狭く、把持部を所定長さまで引き出せない場合がある。しかし、特許文献1及び2の構成では把持部の固定位置は段階的ではなく、把持部を固定位置まで出し切らない状態で運搬する必要があるため、運搬中に把持部が動いてバランスを崩したり、装置本体と把持部との間に手指を挟んだりするおそれがあった。また、予め把持部の長さを短く設定すると、例えば作業者の手が大きい場合に手の一部しか把持部に掛からず危険であった。   Furthermore, depending on the installation location of the apparatus, the distance between the side surface of the apparatus and the wall or other equipment may be narrow, and the grip portion may not be pulled out to a predetermined length. However, in the configurations of Patent Documents 1 and 2, the holding position of the gripping portion is not stepwise, and it is necessary to transport the gripping portion without extending it all the way to the fixing position. Or fingers may be sandwiched between the apparatus main body and the grip portion. Further, if the length of the gripping portion is set short in advance, for example, when the operator's hand is large, only a part of the hand is caught on the gripping portion, which is dangerous.

本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、装置本体から出し入れ可能に設けられた棒状把持部材に簡易な構成で滑り止め機能を付与した画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明の他の目的は、装置本体からの棒状把持部材の引き出し量を簡易な構成で調節可能な画像形成装置を提供することにある。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus in which an anti-slip function is provided with a simple configuration to a rod-shaped gripping member provided so as to be able to be inserted into and removed from the apparatus main body. Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of adjusting a pull-out amount of a rod-shaped gripping member from the apparatus main body with a simple configuration.

上記目的を達成するために本発明は、装置本体に固定される複数の支持レールと、該支持レールに摺動可能に支持される装置本体の内外方向に出し入れ可能な中空若しくは断面コ字状の棒状把持部材と、を備えた画像形成装置において、前記棒状把持部材の外周面の少なくとも一部には長手方向に沿って複数の滑り止め用の貫通穴が形成されていることを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a plurality of support rails fixed to the apparatus main body, and a hollow or U-shaped cross section that can be inserted and removed in and out of the apparatus main body slidably supported by the support rails. An image forming apparatus including a rod-shaped gripping member is characterized in that a plurality of anti-slip through holes are formed along at least part of the outer peripheral surface of the rod-shaped gripping member along the longitudinal direction.

また本発明は、上記構成の画像形成装置において、前記支持レールの側面には前記棒状把持部材の摺動方向に延在する長穴が形成されており、該長穴には前記棒状把持部材の端部に固定された摺動ピンが摺動自在に係合することを特徴としている。   According to the present invention, in the image forming apparatus configured as described above, an elongated hole extending in a sliding direction of the rod-shaped gripping member is formed on a side surface of the support rail, and the rod-shaped gripping member is formed in the elongated hole. A sliding pin fixed to the end portion is slidably engaged.

また本発明は、上記構成の画像形成装置において、前記棒状把持部材は、金属板を断面略矩形状に折り曲げて形成され、前記貫通穴は少なくとも前記棒状把持部材の両側面に形成されることを特徴としている。   According to the present invention, in the image forming apparatus having the above configuration, the rod-shaped gripping member is formed by bending a metal plate into a substantially rectangular cross section, and the through holes are formed at least on both side surfaces of the rod-shaped gripping member. It is a feature.

また本発明は、上記構成の画像形成装置において、前記棒状把持部材は上面を有するとともに前記貫通穴は前記上面にも形成され、前記支持レールの上部の外側寄りには下向きに突出するロックピンが設けられており、前記棒状把持部材を持ち上げたとき前記ロックピンが前記貫通穴のいずれかに嵌合することを特徴としている。   According to the present invention, in the image forming apparatus configured as described above, the rod-shaped gripping member has an upper surface, the through hole is also formed on the upper surface, and a lock pin that protrudes downward is formed on the outer side of the upper portion of the support rail. The lock pin is fitted into one of the through holes when the rod-shaped gripping member is lifted.

本発明の第1の構成によれば、簡易な構成で棒状把持部材全体に滑り止め機能を付与することができ、棒状把持部材の製造も容易となる。また、貫通穴の分だけ棒状把持部材を軽量化することができる。   According to the first configuration of the present invention, a non-slip function can be imparted to the entire bar-shaped gripping member with a simple configuration, and the manufacture of the bar-shaped gripping member is facilitated. Further, the bar-shaped gripping member can be reduced in weight by the amount of the through hole.

また、本発明の第2の構成によれば、上記第1の構成の画像形成装置において、支持レールの側面に形成された長穴に棒状把持部材の端部に固定された摺動ピンが摺動自在に係合することにより、棒状把持部材の摺動が長穴の範囲に規制され、棒状把持部材を装置本体から引き出したり、装置本体へ押し込んだりする際の支持レールからの抜け落ちを防止することができる。   According to the second configuration of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus having the first configuration, the slide pin fixed to the end of the rod-shaped gripping member is slid into the elongated hole formed in the side surface of the support rail. By being movably engaged, sliding of the rod-shaped gripping member is restricted to the range of the elongated hole, and prevents the rod-shaped gripping member from falling off the support rail when the rod-shaped gripping member is pulled out or pushed into the device body. be able to.

また、本発明の第3の構成によれば、上記第1又は第2の構成の画像形成装置において、金属板を断面略矩形状に折り曲げて棒状把持部材を形成することにより、棒状把持部材が持ち易くかつ強度的に強いものになる。また、少なくとも棒状把持部材の両側面に貫通穴を形成することにより、十分な滑り止め効果を得ることができる。   According to the third configuration of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus having the first or second configuration, the rod-shaped gripping member is formed by bending the metal plate into a substantially rectangular cross section to form the rod-shaped gripping member. It is easy to hold and strong in strength. Moreover, a sufficient anti-slip effect can be obtained by forming through holes at least on both side surfaces of the rod-shaped gripping member.

また、本発明の第4の構成によれば、上記第1乃至第3のいずれかの構成の画像形成装置において、棒状把持部材の上面にも貫通穴を形成し、支持レールの上部の外側寄りに下向きに突出するロックピンが棒状把持部材を持ち上げたとき貫通穴のいずれかに嵌合することにより、棒状把持部材を持ち上げるだけで装置本体からの引き出し量に応じて棒状把持部材を多段階に固定可能となり、装置運搬時の操作性及び安全性が向上する。また、棒状把持部材から手を離すだけで棒状把持部材の固定を簡単に解除可能となる。   According to the fourth configuration of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus having any one of the first to third configurations, a through-hole is formed in the upper surface of the rod-shaped gripping member, and the outer side of the upper portion of the support rail is located. The lock pin protruding downward fits into one of the through-holes when the bar-shaped gripping member is lifted, so that the bar-shaped gripping member can be moved in multiple stages according to the amount pulled out from the device body simply by lifting the bar-shaped gripping member. It becomes possible to fix, and the operability and safety during transportation of the device are improved. In addition, the fixation of the bar-shaped gripping member can be easily released simply by releasing the hand from the bar-shaped gripping member.

本発明の画像形成装置の内部構造を示す概略断面図Schematic sectional view showing the internal structure of the image forming apparatus of the present invention 画像形成装置の外観斜視図External perspective view of image forming apparatus 棒状把持部材及び支持レールを装置内側から見た側面図Side view of the rod-shaped gripping member and support rail viewed from the inside of the device 棒状把持部材及び支持レールを装置外側から見た側面図Side view of the rod-shaped gripping member and support rail viewed from the outside of the device 棒状把持部材及び支持レールを上方から見た平面図Plan view of the rod-shaped gripping member and support rail as seen from above 図5におけるAA矢視断面図AA arrow sectional view in FIG. 棒状把持部材及び支持レールを図3の右方向から見た図FIG. 3 is a view of the rod-shaped gripping member and the support rail as viewed from the right in FIG. 棒状把持部材を把持して持ち上げた状態を示す側面図Side view showing a state where the rod-shaped gripping member is gripped and lifted 棒状把持部材を把持して持ち上げた状態を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the state which hold | gripped and lifted the rod-shaped holding member 棒状把持部材及び支持レールを図8の右方向から見た図FIG. 8 is a view of the rod-shaped gripping member and the support rail as viewed from the right in FIG.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態について説明する。図1は、本発明の画像形成装置の構成を示す概略断面図であり、ここではモノクロ複写機について示している。図1に示すように、画像形成装置100の装置本体1内部には、画像形成部2、定着装置3、給紙トレイ4a、4b、4c、操作部5、画像読取部6、用紙搬送路7等の種々の装置が内蔵されており、装置本体1の上部には、載置された複数の原稿を連続的に自動搬送できる原稿搬送装置8が搭載されている。一方、装置本体1の側面には、図1の右方に手差し給紙トレイ4dが、左方に排出トレイ9が設けられている。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. Here, a monochrome copying machine is shown. As shown in FIG. 1, an image forming unit 2, a fixing device 3, paper feed trays 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, an operation unit 5, an image reading unit 6, and a paper conveyance path 7 are provided inside the apparatus main body 1 of the image forming apparatus 100. In the upper part of the apparatus main body 1, a document conveying device 8 capable of continuously and automatically conveying a plurality of placed documents is mounted. On the other hand, a manual paper feed tray 4d is provided on the right side of FIG.

定着装置3は、加熱ローラ10と加圧ローラ11の2つのローラを備えた熱ローラ方式のものを用いている。加熱ローラ10は、例えば、熱伝導性に優れた金属から成る円筒形状の芯金内に、電源に接続されたヒータを内蔵し、その芯金の外周に弾性層が形成される。一方、加圧ローラ11は、芯金の外周に弾性層が形成されていて、補助的に芯金内にヒータが内蔵されることがある。また、これらの加熱ローラ10、加圧ローラ11の表面には、例えばフッ素樹脂による被膜が設けられ、離型性が高められている。   The fixing device 3 uses a heat roller type having two rollers, a heating roller 10 and a pressure roller 11. The heating roller 10 includes, for example, a heater connected to a power source in a cylindrical cored bar made of a metal having excellent thermal conductivity, and an elastic layer is formed on the outer periphery of the cored bar. On the other hand, the pressure roller 11 has an elastic layer formed on the outer periphery of the metal core, and a heater may be incorporated in the metal core as an auxiliary. In addition, the surfaces of the heating roller 10 and the pressure roller 11 are provided with a film made of, for example, a fluororesin to improve the releasability.

そして、これらのローラは圧接されてニップ(定着ニップ部)を形成している。そして、後述する画像形成部2でトナー像が転写された用紙Pが定着ニップ部を通過すると、トナー及び用紙Pが加圧・加熱され、トナー像が用紙Pに定着する。定着装置3における加熱ローラ10と加圧ローラ11は駆動装置(不図示)によって所定のプロセススピードで回転駆動される。なお、2つのローラのうち一方が他方に従動するようにしてもよい。また、熱ローラ方式の定着装置3に代えて、定着ベルトを用いるベルト式の定着装置を採用してもよい。   These rollers are pressed to form a nip (fixing nip portion). Then, when the paper P on which the toner image is transferred by the image forming unit 2 described later passes through the fixing nip portion, the toner and the paper P are pressurized and heated, and the toner image is fixed on the paper P. The heating roller 10 and the pressure roller 11 in the fixing device 3 are rotationally driven at a predetermined process speed by a driving device (not shown). One of the two rollers may follow the other. Further, instead of the heat roller type fixing device 3, a belt type fixing device using a fixing belt may be adopted.

画像形成装置100には、例えばA4サイズの用紙Pを収納する大容量の給紙カセット4aと、B5サイズ、A3サイズ等の異なるサイズの用紙Pを収納する給紙カセット4b、4cから成る給紙カセット4a〜4c、及び手差し給紙トレイ4dの計4つの給紙部が備え付けられている。また、各給紙部4a〜4dにはピックアップローラ12が備え付けられている。ピックアップローラ12は、駆動装置(不図示)によって、図1において反時計回りに回転駆動される。そして、このピックアップローラ12と接する最上位の用紙Pが1枚ずつ用紙搬送路7に向けて送り出されるようになっている。   The image forming apparatus 100 includes, for example, a large-capacity paper feed cassette 4a that stores A4 size paper P and paper feed cassettes 4b and 4c that store paper P of different sizes such as B5 size and A3 size. A total of four paper feed units, ie, cassettes 4a to 4c and a manual paper feed tray 4d are provided. In addition, a pickup roller 12 is provided in each of the paper feeding units 4a to 4d. The pickup roller 12 is rotationally driven counterclockwise in FIG. 1 by a driving device (not shown). The uppermost sheet P in contact with the pickup roller 12 is sent out toward the sheet transport path 7 one by one.

次に、画像形成部2を構成するそれぞれの部分について説明する。画像形成部2は、像担持体としての感光体ドラム13、帯電装置14、露光装置15、現像装置16、クリーニング装置17、転写ローラ18等から構成されている。感光体ドラム13は、ドラムの外周表面にアモルファスシリコン感光層や、有機感光層からなる光導電層を有しており、駆動装置(不図示)により所定の回転速度で図1の時計回りに回転駆動される。   Next, each part constituting the image forming unit 2 will be described. The image forming unit 2 includes a photosensitive drum 13 as an image carrier, a charging device 14, an exposure device 15, a developing device 16, a cleaning device 17, a transfer roller 18, and the like. The photosensitive drum 13 has an amorphous silicon photosensitive layer or a photoconductive layer made of an organic photosensitive layer on the outer peripheral surface of the drum, and is rotated clockwise in FIG. 1 at a predetermined rotational speed by a driving device (not shown). Driven.

帯電装置14は、感光体ドラム13の上部に設けられ、感光体ドラム13表面を所定電位に均一に帯電させる。また、露光装置15は、感光体ドラム13及び現像装置16の上方に設けられ、帯電装置14で帯電された感光体ドラム13表面を走査露光することにより、画像読取部6で読み取った原稿画像データや、画像形成装置100と接続されているコンピュータから入力される画像、文字等の画像情報に基づく静電潜像を感光体ドラム13上に形成する。   The charging device 14 is provided on the top of the photosensitive drum 13 and uniformly charges the surface of the photosensitive drum 13 to a predetermined potential. The exposure device 15 is provided above the photosensitive drum 13 and the developing device 16, and scans and exposes the surface of the photosensitive drum 13 charged by the charging device 14, thereby reading the document image data read by the image reading unit 6. In addition, an electrostatic latent image based on image information such as images and characters input from a computer connected to the image forming apparatus 100 is formed on the photosensitive drum 13.

現像装置16は、感光体ドラム13の側部に設けられ、静電潜像が形成された感光体ドラム13にトナーを供給して静電潜像をトナー像として現像する役割を果たす。また、クリーニング装置17は、感光体ドラム13の正面視左側に設けられ、感光体ドラム13の表面の残留トナーを除去し回収するものであり、例えばクリーニングローラや、弾性体をブレード上に形成したクリーニングブレードで構成される。図1では、クリーニングローラを用いた例を示している。   The developing device 16 is provided on the side of the photosensitive drum 13 and plays a role of supplying toner to the photosensitive drum 13 on which the electrostatic latent image is formed and developing the electrostatic latent image as a toner image. The cleaning device 17 is provided on the left side of the photosensitive drum 13 when viewed from the front, and removes and collects residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum 13. For example, a cleaning roller or an elastic body is formed on the blade. Consists of a cleaning blade. FIG. 1 shows an example using a cleaning roller.

転写ローラ18は、感光体ドラム13の直下に設けられ、例えば、アルミ軸の外周に導電性の素材を巻き付けて形成されている。転写ローラ18は、感光体ドラム13とニップを形成している。用紙Pがこのニップを通過する時に、転写ローラ18にトナーと逆極性の転写バイアスが印加され、感光体ドラム13上のトナー像が用紙Pに転写される。転写ローラ18は、駆動装置(不図示)によって所定のプロセススピードで反時計方向に回転駆動されている。   The transfer roller 18 is provided directly below the photosensitive drum 13, and is formed, for example, by winding a conductive material around the outer periphery of an aluminum shaft. The transfer roller 18 forms a nip with the photosensitive drum 13. When the paper P passes through the nip, a transfer bias having a polarity opposite to that of the toner is applied to the transfer roller 18, and the toner image on the photosensitive drum 13 is transferred to the paper P. The transfer roller 18 is rotationally driven counterclockwise at a predetermined process speed by a driving device (not shown).

ここで、画像形成部2における画像形成動作について述べる。まず、感光体ドラム13は、帯電装置14により所定の極性及び電位に帯電させられる。次に、形成すべき画像データに基づき制御されるレーザ光が露光装置15から感光体ドラム41に向けて照射され、感光体ドラム13の表面上に画像データに基づく静電潜像が形成される。次に、現像装置16から感光体ドラム13側にトナーが飛翔し、ドラム上の静電潜像がトナー像に現像される。   Here, an image forming operation in the image forming unit 2 will be described. First, the photosensitive drum 13 is charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by the charging device 14. Next, laser light controlled based on image data to be formed is irradiated from the exposure device 15 toward the photosensitive drum 41, and an electrostatic latent image based on the image data is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 13. . Next, the toner flies from the developing device 16 to the photosensitive drum 13 side, and the electrostatic latent image on the drum is developed into a toner image.

次に、トナー像が転写ローラ18と感光体ドラム13のニップ部で用紙Pに転写される。その後、上述の定着装置3にて、用紙Pのトナー像が、加熱ローラ10及び加圧ローラ11により加圧、加熱されて定着される。定着装置3から排出された用紙Pは、搬送手段により装置外に排出される。トナー像を転写した後の感光体ドラム13は、クリーニング装置17により感光体ドラム13表面の残留トナーが除去され、次の画像形成に備える。   Next, the toner image is transferred onto the paper P at the nip portion between the transfer roller 18 and the photosensitive drum 13. Thereafter, the toner image on the paper P is pressed and heated by the heating roller 10 and the pressure roller 11 and fixed by the fixing device 3 described above. The paper P discharged from the fixing device 3 is discharged out of the device by the conveying means. After the toner image is transferred, the residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum 13 is removed by the cleaning device 17 to prepare for the next image formation.

操作部5は、画像形成装置100の上方に設けられており、本実施形態では、液晶表示部51、テンキー52等から構成されている(図2参照)。ユーザは、この操作部50に入力して、印刷部数や所望する画像形成装置100の機能(両面印刷機能等)を用いるなど、画像形成装置100の操作を行う。   The operation unit 5 is provided above the image forming apparatus 100. In the present embodiment, the operation unit 5 includes a liquid crystal display unit 51, a numeric keypad 52, and the like (see FIG. 2). The user inputs to the operation unit 50 and operates the image forming apparatus 100 such as using the number of copies to be printed or a desired function (double-sided printing function or the like) of the image forming apparatus 100.

画像読取部6は、複写される原稿画像を読み取るものであり、装置本体1の最上部に設けられたコンタクトガラス20とその下部に設けられた光学系ユニット21から構成されている。コンタクトガラス20は、原稿搬送装置8から送られてくる原稿を読み取る画像読み取り位置に配置されたコンタクトガラス20aと、ユーザが原稿搬送装置8を上方に開閉して原稿を載置するコンタクトガラス20bとからなっている。そして、光学系ユニット21は、コンタクトガラス20aを通過する原稿、またはコンタクトガラス20b上に載置された原稿に対し光を照射し、その反射光が、光学系ユニット21内のミラー及び結像レンズ等を介してCCD(Charge Coupled Device)に入力され、読み取った原稿画像をデータ化する。   The image reading unit 6 reads a document image to be copied, and includes a contact glass 20 provided at the uppermost part of the apparatus main body 1 and an optical system unit 21 provided therebelow. The contact glass 20 includes a contact glass 20a disposed at an image reading position for reading a document sent from the document conveying device 8, and a contact glass 20b on which a user places the document by opening and closing the document conveying device 8 upward. It is made up of. The optical system unit 21 irradiates the original passing through the contact glass 20a or the original placed on the contact glass 20b, and the reflected light is reflected by the mirror and the imaging lens in the optical system unit 21. The document image read and input to a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) is converted into data.

用紙搬送路7は、給紙部4a〜4dからピックアップされた用紙Pが、画像形成部2、定着装置3を通過して、画像形成装置100の側面に形成された排出部23から排出トレイ9に排出されるように形成されている。更に、本発明の画像形成装置100における用紙搬送路7は、定着装置3を通過した用紙Pが、再び定着装置3の搬送方向上流側に搬送され周回できるように両面搬送路25を含んでいる。具体的にいうと、定着装置3を通過した用紙Pが画像形成部2の用紙搬送上流側に再搬送される。   In the sheet conveyance path 7, the sheet P picked up from the sheet feeding units 4 a to 4 d passes through the image forming unit 2 and the fixing device 3 and is discharged from the discharging unit 23 formed on the side surface of the image forming apparatus 100. It is formed to be discharged. Further, the sheet conveyance path 7 in the image forming apparatus 100 of the present invention includes a double-side conveyance path 25 so that the sheet P that has passed through the fixing apparatus 3 can be conveyed and circulated again upstream in the conveyance direction of the fixing apparatus 3. . More specifically, the paper P that has passed through the fixing device 3 is transported again upstream of the paper transport of the image forming unit 2.

そして、用紙Pを排出トレイ9にそのまま排出するか、或いは両面搬送路25を用いて周回させるかの選択は、定着装置3の搬送方向下流側であって排出部23との間に設けられた切替ガイド26によって行われる。また、用紙搬送路7及び両面搬送路25に沿って複数の搬送ローラ対27が配置されており、搬送ローラ対27は、駆動装置(不図示)により、所定の方向に用紙Pを搬送するように回転駆動される。   The choice of whether to discharge the paper P as it is to the discharge tray 9 or to circulate using the double-sided conveyance path 25 is provided downstream of the fixing device 3 in the conveyance direction and between the discharge unit 23. This is performed by the switching guide 26. A plurality of transport roller pairs 27 are arranged along the paper transport path 7 and the double-side transport path 25, and the transport roller pairs 27 transport the paper P in a predetermined direction by a driving device (not shown). Is driven to rotate.

また、用紙Pを周回させる両面搬送路25の途中には、両面印刷用トレイ28が設けられている。両面印刷をする際に、この両面印刷用トレイ28上で用紙Pがスイッチバックされる。具体的には、切替ガイド26により両面搬送路25に導かれた用紙Pは、両面印刷用トレイ28の一側端部に近接して設けられ、駆動装置(不図示)によって正逆自在に回転駆動可能なスイッチバック用ローラ対29によって、両面印刷用トレイ28上に押し出される。   A double-sided printing tray 28 is provided in the middle of the double-sided conveyance path 25 that circulates the paper P. When performing duplex printing, the paper P is switched back on the duplex printing tray 28. Specifically, the paper P guided to the double-sided conveyance path 25 by the switching guide 26 is provided close to one end portion of the double-sided printing tray 28, and is rotated in a forward and reverse direction by a driving device (not shown). The sheet is pushed onto the duplex printing tray 28 by the driveable switchback roller pair 29.

しかし、スイッチバック用ローラ対29は、用紙Pを完全に両面印刷用トレイ28に押し出すのではなく、用紙Pの後端部を保持した状態で逆回転する。この逆回転により、用紙Pが両面印刷用トレイ28から引き出されると、用紙Pは、当初と表裏が反転された状態で画像形成部2方向に搬送される。なお、排出部23に設けられた搬送ローラ対27が正逆回転可能な複写機であれば、排出部23でスイッチバックがなされるようにしてもよい。   However, the switchback roller pair 29 does not completely push the paper P onto the double-sided printing tray 28, but rotates in the reverse direction while holding the rear end of the paper P. When the paper P is pulled out from the double-sided printing tray 28 by this reverse rotation, the paper P is conveyed in the direction of the image forming unit 2 with the front and back reversed. If the transport roller pair 27 provided in the discharge unit 23 is a copier that can rotate forward and backward, the discharge unit 23 may be switched back.

図2は、本発明の画像形成装置の外観斜視図である。図2においては原稿搬送装置8及び排出トレイ9は記載を省略しており、図1と共通する部分には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。図2に示すように、装置本体1の右側面1aには高さ方向の略中央部に2本の棒状把持部材30が設けられている。棒状把持部材30は、支持レール31(図3参照)を介して装置本体1のフレームに固定されており、支持レール31に沿ってスライドさせることにより右側面1aに対して内外方向へ出し入れ可能となっている。なお、ここでは図示しないが、装置本体1の左側面1bにも右側面1aと対称の位置に2本の棒状把持部材30が出し入れ可能に設けられている。   FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the image forming apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the description of the document conveying device 8 and the discharge tray 9 is omitted, and portions common to those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, two rod-like gripping members 30 are provided on the right side surface 1 a of the apparatus main body 1 at a substantially central portion in the height direction. The rod-shaped gripping member 30 is fixed to the frame of the apparatus main body 1 via a support rail 31 (see FIG. 3), and can be moved in and out of the right side surface 1a by sliding along the support rail 31. It has become. Although not shown here, two bar-shaped gripping members 30 are also provided on the left side surface 1b of the apparatus main body 1 so as to be able to be taken in and out at positions symmetrical to the right side surface 1a.

次に、棒状把持部材及び支持レールの構成について説明する。図3及び図4は、それぞれ棒状把持部材及び支持レールを装置内側及び外側から見た側面図、図5は、棒状把持部材及び支持レールを上方から見た平面図、図6は、図5におけるAA矢視断面図、図7は、棒状把持部材及び支持レールを図3の右方向から見た図である。なお、図4、図6では図3を垂直方向に反転させているため、図3と上下が逆になっている。また、以下の説明では右側面1aの装置手前側に設けられる棒状把持部材30及び支持レール31を例示しているが、他の位置に設けられる棒状把持部材30、及び支持レール31も全て同一構成であるため説明を省略する。   Next, the configuration of the rod-shaped gripping member and the support rail will be described. 3 and 4 are side views of the rod-like gripping member and the support rail as seen from the inside and outside of the apparatus, respectively, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the rod-like gripping member and the support rail as seen from above, and FIG. AA arrow sectional drawing, FIG. 7 is the figure which looked at the rod-shaped holding member and the support rail from the right direction of FIG. In FIGS. 4 and 6, since FIG. 3 is inverted in the vertical direction, the top and bottom of FIG. 3 are reversed. Further, in the following description, the rod-like gripping member 30 and the support rail 31 provided on the front side of the right side surface 1a are illustrated, but the rod-like gripping member 30 and the support rail 31 provided at other positions are all the same configuration. Therefore, the description is omitted.

支持レール31は鋼板を断面略コ字状に折り曲げて形成された板金部材であり、側面には棒状把持部材30の摺動方向(矢印BB′方向)に延在する長穴33が形成され、先端には支持レール31を画像形成装置100の側面1a、1b(図2参照)に取り付ける際の位置決め片31aが形成されている。また、支持レール31の上部の装置外側(図3では右側)寄りには下向きに突出するロックピン35が取り付けられている。棒状把持部材30は、鋼板を角落としされた断面略矩形状に折り曲げて形成されており、外周面には長手方向に沿って直線状に並ぶ複数の貫通穴37a〜37dが設けられている。貫通穴37a〜37dは折り曲げ加工される前の鋼板の打ち抜き加工時に同時形成される。   The support rail 31 is a sheet metal member formed by bending a steel plate into a substantially U-shaped cross section, and a long hole 33 extending in the sliding direction (arrow BB ′ direction) of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is formed on the side surface. A positioning piece 31a for attaching the support rail 31 to the side surfaces 1a and 1b (see FIG. 2) of the image forming apparatus 100 is formed at the tip. Further, a lock pin 35 that protrudes downward is attached to the upper side of the apparatus on the upper side of the support rail 31 (on the right side in FIG. 3). The rod-shaped gripping member 30 is formed by bending a steel plate into a substantially rectangular shape with a cut corner, and a plurality of through holes 37a to 37d arranged in a straight line along the longitudinal direction are provided on the outer peripheral surface. The through holes 37a to 37d are formed at the same time when the steel sheet is punched before being bent.

棒状把持部材30の装置内側の端部(図4では左端)には支持レール31の長穴33を介して外側から摺動ピン39が固定されている。摺動ピン39は、頭部39aと軸部39bとで構成され、軸部39bが長穴33内を摺動することで、棒状把持部材30が支持レール31に対し長穴33の範囲で摺動可能に支持される。具体的には、棒状把持部材30が最大限まで引き出された状態では、図4において摺動ピン39が長穴33の右端まで移動する。   A sliding pin 39 is fixed from the outside through an elongated hole 33 of the support rail 31 to an end portion (left end in FIG. 4) of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 inside the apparatus. The sliding pin 39 is composed of a head portion 39a and a shaft portion 39b. The shaft portion 39b slides in the elongated hole 33, so that the rod-shaped gripping member 30 slides with respect to the support rail 31 in the range of the elongated hole 33. It is supported movably. Specifically, the sliding pin 39 moves to the right end of the long hole 33 in FIG.

一方、棒状把持部材30が装置内部に完全に押し込まれた状態では、摺動ピン39が長穴33の左端まで移動する。これにより、棒状把持部材30を装置本体から引き出したり、装置本体へ押し込んだりする際の支持レール31からの抜け落ちを防止できる。また、摺動ピン39の頭部39aの直径は長穴33の幅よりも大きいため、棒状把持部材30が支持レール31の側面の開口方向(図7の左方向)へ外れるおそれもない。   On the other hand, the sliding pin 39 moves to the left end of the elongated hole 33 in a state where the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is completely pushed into the apparatus. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the rod-shaped gripping member 30 from coming off from the support rail 31 when the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is pulled out from the apparatus main body or pushed into the apparatus main body. Further, since the diameter of the head portion 39a of the sliding pin 39 is larger than the width of the elongated hole 33, there is no possibility that the rod-like gripping member 30 is disengaged in the opening direction (left direction in FIG. 7) of the side surface of the support rail 31.

また、棒状把持部材30が水平な状態では、棒状把持部材30の上面と支持レール31の間に若干の隙間を有し、かつ、ロックピン35が非接触となるように寸法設定がなされている。棒状把持部材30の素材としては、上述した鋼板に限らず、所望の強度が確保できる金属板を使用することが可能である。   Further, when the bar-shaped gripping member 30 is in a horizontal state, the dimension is set so that there is a slight gap between the upper surface of the bar-shaped gripping member 30 and the support rail 31 and the lock pin 35 is not in contact. . The material of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is not limited to the steel plate described above, and a metal plate that can ensure a desired strength can be used.

図8及び図9は、棒状把持部材を把持して持ち上げた状態を示す側面図及び断面図、図10は、棒状把持部材及び支持レールを図8の右方向から見た図である。図8〜図10を用いて画像形成装置を運搬等する際の棒状把持部材30の使用方法について説明する。   8 and 9 are a side view and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the bar-shaped gripping member is gripped and lifted, and FIG. 10 is a view of the bar-shaped gripping member and the support rail as viewed from the right in FIG. A method of using the rod-shaped gripping member 30 when transporting the image forming apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.

通常は、棒状把持部材30は装置内部に押し込まれた収納状態となっている。運搬等を行う作業者は、収納状態から棒状把持部材30の端部を持って水平方向(矢印B方向)に引き出す。このとき、画像形成装置の周囲にスペースが十分にある場合は棒状把持部材30を最大引き出し位置まで引き出す。また、スペースに制限がある場合は棒状把持部材30を引き出し可能な所定長さだけ引き出す。   Normally, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is in a stored state pushed into the apparatus. An operator who carries out the transportation or the like holds the end of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 from the stored state and pulls it out in the horizontal direction (arrow B direction). At this time, if there is sufficient space around the image forming apparatus, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is pulled out to the maximum pulling position. When the space is limited, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is pulled out by a predetermined length that can be pulled out.

次に、作業者は引き出された棒状把持部材30を把持して、図8〜図10に示すように棒状把持部材30を矢印C方向に持ち上げて傾斜させる。すると、棒状把持部材30の上面と支持レール31との間の隙間が狭くなる。このとき、棒状把持部材30の上面に形成された複数の貫通穴37cのいずれかがロックピン35と重なり合う場合はロックピン35と貫通穴37cとが嵌合する。また、棒状把持部材30の引き出し量によってはロックピン35と貫通穴37cとの位置が重なり合わない場合もあるが、その場合は棒状把持部材30を持ち上げたまま矢印B方向に摺動させることで、ロックピン35が内側直近に位置する貫通穴37cに嵌合する。   Next, the operator grips the pulled bar-shaped gripping member 30, and lifts and tilts the bar-shaped gripping member 30 in the direction of arrow C as shown in FIGS. Then, the clearance gap between the upper surface of the rod-shaped holding member 30 and the support rail 31 becomes narrow. At this time, when any of the plurality of through holes 37 c formed on the upper surface of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 overlaps with the lock pin 35, the lock pin 35 and the through hole 37 c are fitted. Further, depending on the pull-out amount of the rod-shaped gripping member 30, the positions of the lock pin 35 and the through hole 37c may not overlap each other. In that case, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is slid in the arrow B direction while being lifted. The lock pin 35 is fitted into the through hole 37c located closest to the inside.

つまり、棒状把持部材30の引き出し量に係わらずロックピン35が棒状把持部材30の上面に形成された複数の貫通穴37cのいずれかに嵌合し、棒状把持部材30の摺動が規制される。従って、棒状把持部材30を持ち上げた状態では棒状把持部材30が摺動しないため、安定した把持状態を維持できる。   That is, the lock pin 35 is fitted into one of the plurality of through holes 37 c formed on the upper surface of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 regardless of the amount of pulling out of the rod-shaped gripping member 30, and the sliding of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is restricted. . Therefore, since the rod-shaped gripping member 30 does not slide when the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is lifted, a stable gripping state can be maintained.

そして、棒状把持部材30を把持して画像形成装置を持ち上げるか、或いは画像形成装置を引き回して所望の設置場所に運搬する。棒状把持部材30の上面、側面及び下面には貫通穴37a〜37dが形成されているため、貫通穴37a〜37dに手指が食い込み易くなり、高い滑り止め効果が発揮される。これにより、特に大型の画像形成装置を引き回して運搬、移動する場合に安全に作業を行うことができる。また、貫通穴37a〜37dの分だけ棒状把持部材30を軽量化することができ、ひいては画像形成装置の軽量化にも寄与する。   Then, the image forming apparatus is lifted by holding the rod-shaped holding member 30, or the image forming apparatus is pulled and transported to a desired installation location. Since the through holes 37a to 37d are formed in the upper surface, the side surface, and the lower surface of the rod-shaped gripping member 30, fingers can easily bite into the through holes 37a to 37d, and a high anti-slip effect is exhibited. Accordingly, it is possible to safely perform work especially when a large image forming apparatus is routed to be transported and moved. Further, the weight of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 can be reduced by the amount of the through holes 37a to 37d, which contributes to the weight reduction of the image forming apparatus.

画像形成装置の運搬が終了し、棒状把持部材30から手を離すと、棒状把持部材30は水平状態(図3参照)に戻り、ロックピン35と貫通穴37cとの嵌合が容易に解除される。その後、棒状把持部材30を支持レール31に沿って水平方向(矢印B′方向)に押し込み、装置内部に収納する。   When transportation of the image forming apparatus is completed and the hand is released from the rod-shaped gripping member 30, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 returns to the horizontal state (see FIG. 3), and the fitting between the lock pin 35 and the through hole 37c is easily released. The Thereafter, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is pushed in the horizontal direction (in the direction of the arrow B ′) along the support rail 31 and stored in the apparatus.

本実施形態によれば、棒状把持部材30が金属板の曲げ加工により形成されているので、コストの低廉化が図れる。また、滑り止め用の貫通穴37a〜37dも金属板の打ち抜き加工により一体的に形成されているので、棒状把持部材30を形成する金属板の打ち抜きと同時に滑り止め部を作製でき、作業性良く形成することが可能となり、実質的な軽量化を図り得る。また、棒状把持部材30は角落としされた角筒状に形成されているので、持ち易くかつ強度的に強いものになる。   According to this embodiment, since the rod-shaped holding member 30 is formed by bending a metal plate, the cost can be reduced. Further, since the through holes 37a to 37d for slip prevention are also integrally formed by punching the metal plate, the slip stopper can be produced simultaneously with the punching of the metal plate forming the rod-shaped gripping member 30, and the workability is improved. It can be formed, and substantial weight reduction can be achieved. Further, since the rod-like gripping member 30 is formed in a square tube shape with a corner dropped, it is easy to hold and strong in strength.

さらに、棒状把持部材30を引き出して持ち上げたとき、装置本体からの引き出し量に応じて棒状把持部材30を多段階に固定可能となり、装置運搬時の操作性も向上する。   Furthermore, when the bar-shaped gripping member 30 is pulled out and lifted, the bar-shaped gripping member 30 can be fixed in multiple stages according to the amount of pull-out from the apparatus main body, and the operability during transporting the apparatus is improved.

貫通穴37a〜37dの個数及び配置については特に制限はないが、棒状把持部材30のどの部分を把持したときにも滑り止め効果を得るためには、長手方向の略全域に亘って所定の間隔で複数形成することが好ましい。また、貫通穴37a〜37dが小さすぎると手指が食い込みにくくなって所望の滑り止め効果が得られず、逆に大きすぎると棒状把持部材30の強度が低下するおそれがあるため、滑り止め効果と部材強度とを考慮して形状及び大きさ等を設定すれば良い。さらに、棒状把持部材30の上面に形成される貫通穴37cについては、一直線上に並ぶように形成して各貫通穴37cがロックピン35と確実に嵌合するようにしておく必要がある。   The number and arrangement of the through holes 37a to 37d are not particularly limited, but in order to obtain an anti-slip effect when any portion of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is gripped, a predetermined interval is provided over substantially the entire longitudinal direction. It is preferable to form a plurality. In addition, if the through holes 37a to 37d are too small, fingers do not easily bite and the desired anti-slip effect cannot be obtained. Conversely, if the through-holes 37a to 37d are too large, the strength of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 may be reduced. The shape and size may be set in consideration of the member strength. Furthermore, the through holes 37 c formed on the upper surface of the rod-shaped gripping member 30 need to be formed so as to be aligned in a straight line so that each through hole 37 c can be securely fitted to the lock pin 35.

その他、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。例えば、上記実施形態では棒状把持部材30の両側面に貫通穴37a、37bを、上面に貫通穴37cを、下面に貫通穴37dを形成しているが、本発明はこれに限らず、棒状把持部材30の少なくとも一面に貫通穴37a〜37dを形成すれば良い。なお、十分な滑り止め効果を得るためには、少なくとも棒状把持部材30の両側面に貫通穴37a、37bを形成しておくことが好ましい。   In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the through-holes 37a and 37b are formed on both side surfaces of the rod-shaped gripping member 30, the through-hole 37c is formed on the top surface, and the through-hole 37d is formed on the bottom surface. The through holes 37 a to 37 d may be formed on at least one surface of the member 30. In order to obtain a sufficient anti-slip effect, it is preferable to form through holes 37 a and 37 b on at least both side surfaces of the rod-shaped gripping member 30.

また、上記実施形態では棒状把持部材30の断面形状を角筒状に形成したが、例えば、三角形や五角形等の多角形の筒状にしてもよく、或いは円筒状にしてもよい。また、支持レール31の断面形状も棒状把持部材30の断面形状に合わせて適宜変更すれば良い。但し、円筒状の場合には棒状把持部材30が回転してロックピン35と貫通穴37cとの位置関係がずれ易くなるため、棒状把持部材30と支持レール31とに、例えばキーとキー溝のような回転防止用の凹部と凸部を設けるようにすればよい。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped holding member 30 was formed in square cylinder shape, for example, you may make it polygonal cylinder shape, such as a triangle and a pentagon, or you may make it cylindrical. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the support rail 31 may be appropriately changed according to the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped gripping member 30. However, in the case of a cylindrical shape, the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is rotated and the positional relationship between the lock pin 35 and the through hole 37c is easily shifted. Such a rotation-preventing concave portion and convex portion may be provided.

また、棒状把持部材30を断面コ字状に形成することもできる。この場合、棒状把持部材30を常に最大限まで引き出した状態で使用するのであれば、ロックピン35と貫通穴37cとの係合は不要となるため、棒状把持部材30は上面を除く3面を有する構造であっても良い。   Moreover, the rod-shaped holding member 30 can also be formed in a U-shaped cross section. In this case, if the rod-shaped gripping member 30 is used in a state where it is always pulled out to the maximum, the engagement between the lock pin 35 and the through hole 37c becomes unnecessary, so the rod-shaped gripping member 30 has three surfaces excluding the top surface. It may have a structure.

また、本発明は図1に示したモノクロ複写機に限らず、デジタル複合機やアナログ方式の複写機、モノクロプリンタ、各色のトナー像を順次積層してカラー画像を形成するカラー複写機やカラープリンタ、ファクシミリ等、種々のタイプの画像形成装置に適用できるのはもちろんである。   The present invention is not limited to the monochrome copying machine shown in FIG. 1, but is a digital multifunction machine, an analog copying machine, a monochrome printer, a color copying machine or a color printer that forms a color image by sequentially laminating toner images of respective colors. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to various types of image forming apparatuses such as facsimiles.

本発明は、運搬、移動用の棒状把持部材を備えた画像形成装置に利用可能である。   The present invention can be used for an image forming apparatus provided with a rod-like gripping member for transportation and movement.

1 装置本体
1a 右側面
1b 左側面
30 棒状把持部材
31 支持レール
31a 位置決め片
33 長穴
35 ロックピン
37a〜37d 貫通穴
39 摺動ピン
39a 頭部
39b 軸部
100 画像形成装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Apparatus main body 1a Right side 1b Left side 30 Rod-shaped holding member 31 Support rail 31a Positioning piece 33 Long hole 35 Lock pin 37a-37d Through-hole 39 Sliding pin 39a Head 39b Shaft part 100 Image forming apparatus

Claims (3)

装置本体に固定される複数の支持レールと、
該支持レールに摺動可能に支持され装置本体の内外方向に出し入れ可能な中空若しくは断面コ字状の棒状把持部材と、を備えた画像形成装置において、
前記棒状把持部材は、金属板を断面略矩形状若しくは断面コ字状に折り曲げて形成され、前記棒状把持部材の少なくとも両側面には、前記金属板を貫通する複数の滑り止め用の貫通穴が前記棒状把持部材の長手方向の略全域に亘って形成されていることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
A plurality of support rails fixed to the apparatus body;
In an image forming apparatus comprising: a hollow or U-shaped bar-shaped gripping member that is slidably supported by the support rail and can be taken in and out of the apparatus main body.
The rod-shaped gripping member is formed by bending a metal plate into a substantially rectangular or U-shaped cross section, and at least both side surfaces of the rod-shaped gripping member have a plurality of anti-slip through holes penetrating the metal plate. An image forming apparatus, wherein the image forming apparatus is formed over substantially the entire length of the rod-shaped gripping member.
前記支持レールの側面には前記棒状把持部材の摺動方向に延在する長穴が形成されており、該長穴には前記棒状把持部材の端部に固定された摺動ピンが摺動自在に係合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。   An elongated hole extending in the sliding direction of the rod-shaped gripping member is formed on the side surface of the support rail, and a sliding pin fixed to the end of the rod-shaped gripping member is slidable in the elongated hole. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus is engaged with the image forming apparatus. 前記棒状把持部材は上面を有するとともに前記貫通穴は前記上面にも形成され、前記支持レールの上部の外側寄りには下向きに突出するロックピンが設けられており、前記棒状把持部材を持ち上げたとき前記ロックピンが前記貫通穴のいずれかに嵌合することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の画像形成装置。 The bar-shaped gripping member has an upper surface and the through hole is also formed on the upper surface, and a lock pin that protrudes downward is provided on the outer side of the upper portion of the support rail. When the bar-shaped gripping member is lifted The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lock pin is fitted into one of the through holes .
JP2009060404A 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Image forming apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP5409057B2 (en)

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