JP5434064B2 - 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法 - Google Patents
静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006249 styrenic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012185 zinc palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L zinc;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GJAPSKMAVXDBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GJAPSKMAVXDBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基である。)
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、一つの分子中に陽イオンとして第4級アンモニウム、陰イオンとして水酸基を有する分子内塩と呼ばれるものの一種である。この様に、本発明では一つの分子中に陽イオンを形成している部位と陰イオンを形成している部位とを、近接して有する化合物が効果を発現されることを見出している。
次に本発明に係るトナーの粒径や形状について説明する。
(式中、S2は体積基準の粒度分布における標準偏差を示し、Dnは体積基準メディアン径(体積D50%径;μm)を示す。)
本発明に係るトナーの体積基準メディアン径(体積D50%径)や変動係数(CV値)は、コールターマルチサイザー3(ベックマン・コールター社製)に、データ処理用のコンピューターシステム(ベックマン・コールター社製)を接続した装置を用いて測定、算出することができる。
円形度=(粒子像と同じ投影面積を有する円の周囲長)/(粒子投影像の周囲長)
また、平均円形度は、個々のトナー粒子の円形度を足し合わせた値を全粒子数で除して算出した値である。
(1)樹脂と着色剤を含有する着色粒子分散液を作製する工程
(2)着色粒子分散液を冷却する工程
(3)冷却された着色粒子分散液から着色粒子を固液分離し、着色粒子を洗浄する工程
(4)洗浄処理した着色粒子を乾燥する工程
(5)乾燥処理した着色粒子に外添剤を添加する工程
最初に、(1)の「樹脂と着色剤を含有する粒子を作製する工程」について説明する。この工程は、水系媒体中で重合体一次粒子と着色剤粒子とを凝集、融着させて樹脂と着色剤を含有する粒子を作製する工程であり、次のような工程から構成される。すなわち、
(a)ラジカル重合性モノマー中にワックスを溶解させ、モノマー溶液を調製する工程
(b)ラジカル重合性モノマー溶液を重合して重合体一次粒子を作製する重合工程
(c)重合工程で得られた重合体一次粒子と着色剤粒子を凝集、融着させて粒子形成する工程
から構成される。
本発明に係るトナーは、一成分現像剤、2成分現像剤として用いることができる。一成分現像剤として用いる場合は、非磁性一成分現像剤或いはトナー中に0.1〜0.5μm程度の磁性粒子を含有させ磁性一成分現像剤としたものが挙げられ、いずれにも使用することができる。しかし、本発明の効果を十分に発揮することが出来、長期に亘って安定的に微少ドット再現性を発揮するのは、トナーをキャリアと混合して2成分現像剤として用いる場合である。
本発明に用いられる画像形成方法は、現像方式としては特に限定はなく、1成分系の現像方式にも2成分の現像方式にも本発明のトナーを用いることができる。2成分の現像方式においては、本発明のトナーの他にキャリアが必要になるが、公知の方法で造られたキャリアを特に限定無く用いることができる。また、定着方式においてもローラ定着方式でもベルト定着方式でも、その他の方式でもよい。
(1)重合体一次粒子分散液1の作製
スチレン175g、n−ブチルアクリレート60g、メタクリル酸15g、n−オクチル−3−メルカプトプロピオネート7gからなる単量体混合液を、撹拌装置を取り付けたステンレス釜に入れ、そこにペンタエリスリトールテトラベヘン酸エステル100gを添加し、70℃に加温、溶解させて単量体混合液を調製した。
例示化合物1の90gをイオン交換水1600gに投入して撹拌溶解させた。この液を撹拌しながら、カーボンブラック(リーガル330R(キャボット社製))420gを徐々に添加し、次いで、機械式分散機CLEARMIX(エム・テクニック株式会社製)を用いて分散処理することにより、着色剤粒子分散液を調製した。これを「着色剤粒子分散液1」とする。「着色剤粒子分散液1」における着色剤粒子の粒子径を電気泳動光散乱光度計「ELS−800」(大塚電子株式会社製)を用いて測定したところ、110nmであった。
撹拌装置、温度センサー、冷却管、窒素導入装置を取り付けた反応容器に、前述の「重合体一次粒子分散液1」を固形分換算で392g、イオン交換水1100gを投入し、5モル/リットルの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加してpHを10に調整した。その後、「着色剤分散液1」200gを投入し、5モル/リットルの塩酸水溶液を添加してpHを3に調整した。
色粒子2〜19を得た。
例示化合物21の90gをイオン交換水1600gに投入して撹拌溶解させた。この液を撹拌しながら、カーボンブラック(リーガル330R(キャボット社製))420gを徐々に添加し、次いで、機械式分散機CLEARMIX(エム・テクニック株式会社製)を用いて分散処理することにより、着色剤粒子分散液を調製した。これを「着色剤粒子分散液21」とする。「着色剤粒子分散液21」における着色剤粒子の粒子径を電気泳動光散乱光度計「ELS−800」(大塚電子株式会社製)を用いて測定したところ、115nmであった。
撹拌装置、温度センサー、冷却管、窒素導入装置を取り付けた反応容器に、前述の「重合体一次粒子分散液1」を固形分換算で392g、イオン交換水1100g、「着色剤分散液21」200gを投入し、液温を30℃に調整した後、5モル/リットルの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加してpHを10に調整した。
得られた「着色粒子1〜23」に、数平均1次粒子径が12nm、疎水化度が68の疎水性シリカを1質量%、及び、数平均1次粒子径が20nm、疎水化度が63の疎水性酸化チタンを1質量%となるように添加し、「ヘンシェルミキミキサー(三井三池化学工業株式会社製)」を用いて混合した。その後、目開き45μmのフルイを用いて粗大粒子を除去して「トナー1〜23」を得た。なお、作製されたトナー1〜23はいずれも体積基準メディアン径(D50%径)が6.5μm、平均円形度が0.925だった。
(帯電性)
2成分現像剤の環境特性を評価する為、トナーとキャリアをトナー混合比6質量%で調合し、混合撹拌時間20分の帯電量を電解分離法により測定した。
各トナーとキャリアとをトナー混合比6質量%の割合で混合して得られた現像剤を使用した。評価装置として、市販のモノクロ画像形成装置「bizhub PRO 1050(コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジー(株)製)」を用いた。低温低湿環境(10℃、20%RH)及び、高温高湿環境(30℃80%RH)の環境下でプリント作成を行った。
◎:ドット再現性および細線再現性に著しく優れていた。
○:ドット再現性および細線再現性に優れていた。
△:ドット再現性もしくは細線再現性の低下があるが、実用上全く問題がなかった。
×:再現性もしくは細線再現性の低下があり、実用上問題があった。
2 画像読取部
3 画像形成部
4 転写材収納部
5 搬送部
6 排紙皿
7 通信部
38 定着器(定着装置)
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