JP5435280B2 - Firearm diagnostic method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a firearm diagnostic apparatus in which a bottom plate receives a shooting impact force when a shell is fired.

Conventionally, as a firearm, a bottom plate is provided at the lower end portion of the barrel, and a shooting impact force at the time of shooting is mitigated by, for example, placing the bottom plate on the ground with the ground as a seat and transmitting the bottom plate to the ground. There is a mortar shown in Non-Patent Document 1 as such a firearm. The mortar is configured so that the lower end of the barrel is pivotally attached to the center of the bottom plate via a ball joint and can be aimed in any direction. Patent Document 1 describes that a mortar is placed on the ground, and a substrate (bottom plate) is buried in the ground due to a reaction at the time of launch. As described above, the mortar was designed to buffer the shooting impact force by sinking the bottom plate to the ground with the shooting impact force at the time of shooting. In addition, when shooting a mortar with a hard paved road surface such as concrete or a hard ground as a seat, a cushioning material is installed under the bottom plate to buffer the shooting impact force.
By the way, in a firearm in which a shell is loaded into a canal from a muzzle like a mortar, the firing of the shell has been confirmed by a firing sound.

JP 2007-535653 A (paragraph number 0015, paragraph number 0024) Edited by Defense System Research Group, “Firearm Ammunition Technology Handbook”, Japan Defense Technology Association, February 1, 1996, p. 885

As described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1, the bottom plate is buried in the ground by the shooting impact force at the time of shooting, but the buffering effect of the shooting impact force gradually decreases due to being treaded by the bottom plate or the ground change, When the buffer effect due to the sinking of the bottom plate to the ground reaches the limit, the bottom plate is lifted and the bottom plate is placed at another place on the ground, so-called change of the seating is performed. Whether or not the buffering effect due to the sinking of the bottom plate to the ground due to the shooting impact force has reached the limit has been determined by the operator by measuring the sinking amount or by visual observation. Further, when the mortar is installed on a hard ground or the like, it is used as a shooting seat through a cushion material, but the cushion material is deformed or deteriorated by repeatedly receiving a shooting impact force, and the buffering effect is lowered. For this reason, although the cushioning material is replaced, it has been replaced at the discretion of an operator or a commander. The change of the seat and the change of the cushioning material are due to the possibility that the reaction force from the ground to the bottom plate is increased and the bottom plate may be damaged if the cushioning effect is reduced due to the ground being stepped and solidified by the bottom plate. In addition, when the bottom plate is placed on the ground and cushioned, the bottom plate will sink unevenly if the ground ground is not homogeneous, and the impact impact will be biased on part of the bottom plate, and the impact impact will be biased. There was a possibility that the bottom plate was damaged from the part. This uneven subsidence caused the gun's firing angle to change when the bottom plate tilted, causing a drop in accuracy. Changing the shooting position is necessary because the shock-absorbing effect is reduced and the bottom plate may be damaged and the accuracy of the hit may be reduced by repeating the shooting in this way, but there is a problem that the timing of the change cannot be easily grasped. It was.
By the way, in the mortar, as described above, the shell is loaded from the muzzle into the barrel of the barrel, and the person confirms by the firing sound whether the shell has been fired or not fired. Therefore, when multiple mortars are used, there is a risk of mistaken confirmation of shell firing, and there is a risk of double loading of shells into the canal.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and it is possible to grasp the deterioration of the buffering effect by the bottom plate of the shooting impact force and the change timing of the seat when the bottom plate is tilted, and the ammunition of the shell into the canal An object of the present invention is to provide a firearm diagnostic apparatus capable of preventing double loading.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first problem-solving means is a method for diagnosing a firearm, comprising a bottom plate at the lower end of the gun barrel, and buffering a shooting impact force at the time of shooting by the bottom plate. The impact force sensor at the time of launch is measured by the impact force measurement sensor provided, and the data processing recording unit calculates the stress acting on the bottom plate from the impact force based on the output from the impact force measurement sensor. Calculate the safety factor of the impact force by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the stress, compare the safety factor of this impact force with the value of the rule of the predetermined safety factor, and calculate the shooting impact force by the output from the impact force measurement sensor Judging whether the entire bottom plate receives evenly, estimating the stress generated by the next bullet from the calculated stress so far, and calculating the estimated safety factor by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the estimated stress. Calculate this estimated safety factor and The comparator compares the value of the rules of a constant safety factor, is to notify the notification device warnings and instructions based on said comparison the respective results.

  Further, the second problem solving means compares the stress calculated based on the output from the impact force measuring sensor with a pre-stored value of a predetermined stress rule, and determines whether or not there is a shell by the notification device. It is to notify.

  In addition, the third problem solving means, the shooting impact force and stress in the data processing recording unit and the respective results compared, and the instruction of the control management device for instructing the state of the firearm and the shooting, Transmission / reception between the data processing recording unit and the control management device.

  The fourth problem-solving means is a firearm provided with a bottom plate at the lower end portion of the gun barrel and buffering the shooting impact force at the time of shooting by the bottom plate, in order to measure the shooting impact force acting on the bottom plate. Stress calculation means for calculating the stress acting on the bottom plate from the shooting impact force based on the output from the impact force measurement sensor, and the impact force obtained by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the calculated stress The impact force safety factor calculation means for calculating the safety factor of the vehicle, the safety factor comparison means for comparing the safety factor of the impact force with the value of the prescribed safety factor, and the impact power by the output from the impact force measurement sensor Equality determination means for determining whether the entire bottom plate is received, stress estimation means for estimating the stress generated by the next bullet shooting from the calculated previous stress, and the bottom plate with the estimated stress Divide allowable stress of The estimated safety factor calculating means for calculating the estimated safety factor, the estimated safety factor comparing means for comparing the estimated safety factor with the predetermined safety factor rule value, and the impact force safety factor by the safety factor comparing means When it is judged that the safety factor is smaller than the regulation value, or when the estimated safety factor comparison means judges that the estimated safety factor is smaller than the prescribed safety factor regulation value or when the uniformity judgment means judges the shooting impact force to the bottom plate And a notification device for notifying a warning when it is determined that it is not received evenly.

  Further, the fifth problem solving means detects that a shell has been fired when the stress calculated by the stress calculation means is larger than a predetermined stress regulation value based on the output from the impact force measurement sensor. A bullet detection unit for notifying the presence or absence of a bullet by the output from the bullet detection unit.

  The sixth problem solving means includes a control management device that performs firearm state management and shooting instructions, and the shooting impact force, the calculated stress, the estimated stress, and the like between the control management device and the firearm. The control device and the firearms are each equipped with a communication device for transmitting and receiving bullet firing data and firing instructions.

  In the first and fourth problem solving means of the present application, the buffering effect reaches the limit before the bottom plate sinks to the ground due to the shooting impact force and the reaction force from the ground acting on the bottom plate increases and breaks. Since the operator is notified, it becomes easy to grasp the change timing of the shooting position. In addition, since the ground of the ground is not uniform, it is detected and notified that the shooting impact force is applied unevenly to the bottom plate and sinking while tilting, so it is also easy to grasp the change timing of the seat at this time. . Thus, by easily knowing the timing of changing the shooting position, it is possible to change the shooting position and prevent the bottom plate from being damaged, and it is possible to prevent the shooting angle of the gun barrel from changing due to the inclination of the bottom plate and reducing the accuracy of hitting. Further, by estimating the stress generated by the next bullet shooting from the calculated stress up to the present and notifying that it is close to the proof stress, the seat can be changed, and the bottom plate can be prevented from being damaged.

  In the second and fifth problem solving means, when the stress due to the shooting impact force is larger than the prescribed value of the prescribed stress, the notification device notifies that the shell has been fired. Compared with the case where the presence or absence is confirmed, it can be surely confirmed, and the double loading of the shell into the cannon can be prevented.

  In the third and sixth problem solving means, since data such as stress is transmitted and received between the control management device and the firearms, the commander and the headquarters centrally manage and grasp the status of each firearm. can do.

It is a figure which shows the diagnostic apparatus of the mortar of this invention. It is a perspective view of a mortar. It is a block diagram which shows a data processing recording part. It is a block diagram which shows a control apparatus part. It is a flowchart which shows a mortar diagnosis program. It is a flowchart which shows a management control program. It is explanatory drawing which shows the change of the amount of mortar subsidence by a shooting impact force. It is explanatory drawing which shows the change of the ground when a mortar sinks.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A mortar 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is one of the artillery guns as a firearm, and is well known. The mortar 1 is configured such that the lower end portion of the barrel 2 is pivotally attached to the center of the bottom plate 4 via the ball joint 3 and can be aimed at an arbitrary direction. The barrel 2 of the mortar 1 is provided with a well-known gantry device (turret) (not shown), and is supported by the gantry device at a position (firing angle) adjusted to a desired aim. Further, a mounting base 7 for attaching the notification device 6 to the outer periphery of the portion 2 a on the muzzle 5 side is fixed to the barrel 2 of the mortar with a belt 8. A mounting base 7 similar to that described above is secured to the portion 2 b on the lower end side of the barrel 2 by a belt 8 in order to attach the data processing recording unit 9. The bottom plate 4 is provided with a plurality of impact force measuring sensors 10 for measuring a shooting impact force at the time of launch that acts on the bottom plate 4. In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2, four impact force measuring sensors 10 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the barrel 2 in four directions of the bottom plate 4. The impact force measurement sensor 10 is a stress measurement sensor capable of measuring stress due to a shooting impact force, and an appropriate one is used. For example, a strain gauge, a semiconductor strain sensor, a load gauge, or the like. Each impact force measuring sensor 10 is connected to the data processing recording unit 9.

  The notification device 6 includes a display monitor 11, and when the buffer effect due to the sinking of the bottom plate 4 on the ground G as a seat reaches a limit or when the bottom plate 4 tilts due to uneven sinking, A display as a position change notification unit for prompting a change in the position, a display as a bullet presence / absence notification unit for notifying that a shell is loaded in the cannon, a firing command, and the like are displayed. In addition, the diagonal line in the figure represents the surface of the ground G. The notification device 6 includes a speaker that outputs a notification sound such as a plurality of timbres and rhythms, an LED (light emitting diode) that lights a notification light such as a change in color, a change in blinking speed, and brightness, and the like. You may make it notify of the change of the projecting position of the baseplate 4 or the bullet-stop in a cannon | cavity by notification light.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the data processing recording unit 9 includes a stress caused by a shooting impact force, a stress that is estimated to be generated by the next bullet firing estimated by a stress estimation unit described later, a safety factor calculated from these stresses, and the like. A memory 12 as a storage device for storing the calculation results and the mortar diagnosis program shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5, a central processing unit CPU for executing processing based on the mortar diagnosis program, a control management device 13 to be described later, And a communication device 14 for transmitting and receiving data. A plurality of mortars 1 including the impact force measuring sensor 10, the notification device 6, and the data processing recording unit 9 are installed to form a mortar group unit 15.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the control management device 13 is a commander display device PC2 to PCn composed of a personal computer PC1 installed in the headquarters or a small mobile PC that can be carried by the commander. A memory 16, a storage device 17, a communication device 18, an input device 19 such as a keyboard, and a monitor 20. The control management device 13 calculates the impact of the shooting from the data processing recording unit 9 of each mortar 1, the estimated stress that is expected to be generated by the next bullet, the calculated safety factor, etc. The state data of the mortar 1 is recorded in the recording device 17, the state data of the mortar 1 is appropriately processed and displayed, and the headquarters and the commander can The state of the mortar 1 can be grasped. A control device unit 21 is constituted by the control management devices 13 for the commander and the commander. The control management device 13 instructs each mortar 1 to shoot and change the position of the mortar. As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 21 and the mortar group 15 constitute a firearm diagnostic device. The memory 16 of the control management device 13 stores a mortar diagnostic program in the same manner as the memory 12 of the data processing recording unit 9 so that the stress, safety factor, etc. can be calculated from the shooting impact force. is there.

  The mortar diagnosis program shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5 will be described. Each step of the mortar diagnostic program represents a function realization means. In step S102, when the mortar is fired and the bottom plate 4 sinks to the ground G, each impact force acting on the bottom plate 4 measured by each impact force measuring sensor 10 is stored in the memory 12 together with the number of shots. It is an impact force storage means. Step S103 is stress calculation means for calculating stress at each measurement position where the impact force measurement sensor 10 of the bottom plate 4 is provided based on each shooting impact force, and each calculated stress is stored in the memory 12. In step S104, a value obtained by dividing the allowable stress (proof stress) of the bottom plate 4 stored in advance in the memory 12 by each stress calculated in step S103 (hereinafter, this is defined as a safety factor of the shooting impact force) is calculated. It is an impact force safety factor calculation means.

  Step S105 is a safety factor comparison means for comparing the safety factor of the shooting impact force calculated in step S104 with the prescribed value (threshold value) of the predetermined safety factor of the shooting impact force set and stored in the memory 12 in advance. When the safety factor of the shooting impact force is smaller than the regulation value, the stress acting on the bottom plate 4 by the notification device 6 is large in step S112 described later, and the buffering effect of the bottom plate 4 by the ground G as a seat reaches the limit. Displayed warning. Step S106 is a uniformity determining means for determining whether the impact force of the shooting is uniformly received by the entire bottom plate 4 from the stresses calculated in Step S103. The values of the stresses are non-uniform and the variation thereof is defined. When it is not within the range, a warning that the stress acting on the bottom plate 4 is uneven and tilted is displayed by the notification device 6 in step S112.

  Step S107 is stress estimation means for estimating the estimated stress due to the shooting impact force at the time of the next bullet firing by an appropriate statistical method from the relationship between the number of shots stored in the memory 12 and the stress of the shooting impact force. For example, data on the relationship between the amount of settlement and stress for a plurality of ground G of different geology of the bottom plate 4 due to the shooting impact force for each number of shots is measured and stored in advance, and data on the relationship between the amount of settlement and the stress is stored. Create and estimate an approximate expression for the number of projectiles and stress by referring to the data collected by measuring the number of projectiles and stress on the spot. As in step S104, step S108 is a value obtained by dividing the allowable stress (proof stress) of the bottom plate 4 stored in the memory 12 in advance by the estimated stress in step S107 (this is hereinafter defined as an estimated safety factor of the shooting impact force). This is an estimated safety factor calculation means for calculating the Step S109 is an estimated safety factor comparison means for comparing the estimated safety factor calculated in step S108 with the predetermined safety factor rule value of the shooting impact force set and recorded in the memory 12 in advance, as in step S105. If the estimated safety factor is smaller than the regulation value, the warning device 6 causes the warning device 6 to display a warning that the buffering effect of the base plate 4 by the seat G will reach the limit in the next step and may damage the base plate 4 in step S112 described later. .

  Step S110 is a shell detection means for detecting that a shell has been fired when the stress calculated in step S103 is equal to or greater than the stress rule value stored in advance in the memory 12, and the stress is smaller than the rule value. In this case, a warning that there is a bullet in the gun can be displayed by the notification device 6 in step S112 described later. In step S111, when it is detected in steps S109 and S110 that the estimated safety factor is equal to or greater than the prescribed value and it has been detected that a shell has been fired, the notification device 6 displays a firing permission display that permits the next bullet to be fired. It is a launch permission notification means. Step S112 is a warning display means for displaying each warning by the notification device 6 in steps S105, S106, S109, and S110 as described above. Step S113 is means for instructing to stop the shooting and change the shooting position.

  At each step of the mortar diagnosis program, the state data of each mortar 1 is transmitted to the control management device 13 by the communicator 14 such as measurement and calculation, fear of damage to the bottom plate, and whether or not firing is possible. The control management device 13 receives the status data of each mortar 1 from the communication device 18 and, according to the management control program shown in the flowchart of FIG. The state is grasped, and a change of shooting position and a shooting command are transmitted to each mortar 1 by the communication device 18. Each mortar 1 adjusts the firing angle based on this command to fire the next bullet or change the installation position of the bottom plate 4, that is, change the seat. The management control program is a state grasping means for grasping the state of stress or the like of each mortar 1 in step S201, and in step S202, is the safety factor or estimated safety factor of the mortar 1 grasped in step S201 equal to or greater than a prescribed value? It is a means to judge. Step S203 is means for determining whether the uniformity of the mortar 1 grasped in step S201 is within the range of the regulations. Step S204 is a firing command means for adjusting the firing angle to each mortar 1 and commanding the next bullet to be fired. Step S205 is a seating change command means for instructing to change the seating of the mortar 1 when the safety factor is smaller than the regulation value in Step S202 or when the uniformity is larger than the regulation range in Step S203.

  Next, the operation will be described. When the mortar 1 is fired according to the firing command from the control device unit 21 in step S101, the bottom plate 4 sinks to the ground G due to the shooting impact force. In step S102, the shooting impact force acting on the bottom plate 4 at this time is detected by each impact force measurement sensor 10 and recorded in the memory 12 together with the number of bullets fired. From each shooting impact force, the stress at each measurement position is calculated in step S103 and recorded in the memory 12, and in step S104, the safety factor of the shooting impact force is calculated from each stress. Next, in step S105, the safety factor of the shooting impact force is compared with a specified value, and if it is equal to or greater than the specified value, the process proceeds to step S106. In step S106, the above-described stresses are compared to determine whether the shooting impact force acting on the bottom plate 4 is uneven and the variation in stress is within a specified range, and the shooting impact force received by the bottom plate 4 is determined to be equal. Then, the process proceeds to step S107. In step S107, the estimated stress due to the shooting impact force when the next bullet is fired is estimated by an appropriate method. In step S108, the estimated safety factor of the shooting impact force is calculated from the estimated stress. In step S109, the estimated safety factor and the safety factor are calculated. If the prescribed value is compared with the prescribed value, the process proceeds to step S110. In step S110, if the stress in step S103 is equal to or greater than a specified value, the notification device 6 notifies that a shell has been fired. At this time, the data processing recording unit 9 of the mortar 1 transmits state data such as the shooting impact force and the calculated stress to the control device unit 21 by the communication device 14.

  Further, as shown in (a) to (c) of FIG. 7, as the amount of subsidence of the bottom plate 4 becomes smaller in order from (a) to (c) as shooting is performed, the stress calculated in step S103 is increased. Since it increases, the safety factor becomes smaller than the prescribed value in step S105. Further, when the bottom plate 4 sinks due to a shooting impact force and a part of the bottom plate 4 comes into contact with a stone 22 or a hard ground having a different water content as shown in FIG. The stress increases in a part of 4, and becomes a value that differs by more than the specified range from the stresses of the other three impact force measurement sensors 10. As described above, when the step S105 is smaller than the prescribed value, or when the uniformity is greater than the prescribed range at Step 106, or when the estimated yield rate is smaller than the prescribed value at Step S109, or when the shell is stopped at Step S110. If so, the process proceeds to step S112. In step S112, corresponding to each of steps S105, S106, S109, and S110, there is a warning that the buffering effect of the bottom plate 4 has reached its limit, a warning that the bottom plate 4 is tilted, and the buffering effect of the bottom plate 4 by the next bullet. Warnings for reaching the limit and warnings for stopping are given by the display monitor 11 of the notification device 6. Also at this time, the data processing recording unit 9 of the mortar 1 transmits the state data to the control device unit 21. As described above, when the buffering effect of the bottom plate 4 reaches the limit, a warning is displayed, so that the operator can easily grasp the change timing of the seat and prevent the bottom plate from being damaged. In addition, abnormal landing due to a drop in accuracy can be prevented. Further, the warning is performed, so that it is possible to prevent the double loading of the shell into the canal.

  The above operation is performed by each mortar 1, and when the control management device 13 of the control device unit 21 receives the status data from the data processing recording unit 9 of each mortar 1, the control unit 13 controls the command unit in step S201. And the commander can centrally manage and grasp the state of each mortar 1. If the safety factor or the estimated safety factor is smaller than the regulation value in steps S202 and S203 for a certain mortar 1, or if the uniformity is not within the regulation range, the shooting is stopped and the seat is changed in step S204. Send a command. The data processing recording unit 9 of the mortar 1 that has received the command from the control device unit 21 displays a command to stop shooting and change the shooting position in step S113, and the operator operating the mortar 1 changes the shooting position. The data processing recording unit 9 transmits the change of the shooting position to the control management device 13 after preparing for the next bullet launch and waiting.

  In addition, if the headquarters or the commander confirms the change of shooting in the case of YES in steps S202 and S203, or after confirming the shooting change in step S204 after transmitting the shooting change and shooting change commands, the command or commander transmits a shooting command in step S205. When the operator confirms the firing command with the notification device 6, the next bullet is fired, and the mortar diagnosis program is newly executed. As described above, it becomes easy to grasp the conversion timing of the bottom plate and the seat by the shooting impact force for each shot, and the double loading into the cannon can be surely confirmed, so the barrel 2 and the bottom plate of the mortar 1 4 can be prevented beforehand. In addition, the commander and the headquarters can centrally manage and grasp the status of each mortar 1.

1 Mortar (Firearm)
2 Gun barrel 4 Bottom plate 6 Notification device 10 Impact force measurement sensor 13 Control management device 14, 18 Communication device

Claims (6)

A method for diagnosing a firearm, comprising a bottom plate at the lower end of the gun barrel, and buffering the impact of shooting at the time of shooting by the bottom plate,
The impact force measurement sensor at the time of launch is measured by the impact force measurement sensor provided on the bottom plate, and the data processing recording unit calculates the stress acting on the bottom plate from the impact force based on the output from the impact force measurement sensor. The safety factor of the impact force is calculated by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the calculated stress, the safety factor of this impact force is compared with the value of the specified safety factor, and the impact is measured by the output from the impact force measurement sensor Judging whether the force is received evenly over the entire bottom plate, estimating the stress generated by the next bullet from the calculated previous stress, and dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the estimated stress A firearm diagnosis method characterized in that a rate is calculated, the estimated safety factor is compared with a prescribed safety factor regulation value, and a warning or instruction based on the comparison results is notified by a notification device. . 2. The presence / absence of a shell is notified by the notification device by comparing a stress calculated based on an output from the impact force measurement sensor with a predetermined rule value of a predetermined stress stored in advance. The firearm diagnostic method described. The shooting impact force and stress in the data processing recording unit and the respective comparison results, and instructions of the control management device for instructing the state of the firearms and shooting, the data processing recording unit and the control management device The method for diagnosing a firearm according to claim 1 or 2, wherein transmission / reception is performed between them. A firearm equipped with a bottom plate at the lower end of the gun barrel and buffering the shooting impact force at the time of shooting by the bottom plate,
A stress calculating means comprising an impact force measuring sensor for measuring a shooting impact force acting on the bottom plate, and calculating the stress acting on the bottom plate from the shooting impact force based on an output from the impact force measuring sensor; An impact force safety factor calculating means for calculating the safety factor of the impact force obtained by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the stress, and a safety factor comparison means for comparing the safety factor of the impact force with a predetermined safety factor rule value, Uniformity judging means for judging whether or not the impact force is received by the entire bottom plate based on the output from the impact force measuring sensor, and stress for estimating the stress generated by the next bullet shooting from the calculated stress so far Estimating means, estimated safety factor calculating means for calculating an estimated safety factor obtained by dividing the allowable stress of the bottom plate by the estimated stress, and an estimated safety factor for comparing the estimated safety factor with a predetermined safety factor rule value A comparison means; When the impact rate safety factor is judged to be smaller than the prescribed safety factor regulation value by the total rate comparison means, or the estimated safety factor judgment means is judged to be smaller than the prescribed safety factor rule value. A firearm diagnostic device comprising: a notification device for notifying a warning when it is determined that the shooting impact force is not evenly received by the entire bottom plate by time and uniformity determination means. And a bullet detection means for detecting that a bullet has been fired when a stress calculated by the stress calculation means based on an output from the impact force measurement sensor is greater than a prescribed value of a prescribed stress. 5. The firearm diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the firearm diagnosis device notifies the presence / absence of a shell by means of an output from the shell detection means. Equipped with a control management device that performs firearm status management and shooting instructions, and sends and receives the shooting impact force, calculated stress, estimated stress, shell firing data, and firing instructions between the control management device and the firearm 6. The firearm diagnostic apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a communication device is provided in each of the control management device and the firearm.

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