JP5437403B2 - Fluid heating device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fluid heating apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fluid heating apparatus that generates a high-temperature combustion gas using a gas burner and heats a fluid to be heated such as water or air has been used (see Patent Document 1).
However, the fluid heating apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has a demerit that a large amount of CO _{2 is} emitted and a large amount of sulfur oxide (SO _X ) is emitted, which is costly for environmental measures.

  In recent years, global environmental problems have become even more serious, and in view of the reduction of greenhouse gases and the depletion of fossil fuels such as gas and oil expected in the future, securing of energy resources and clean and renewal There is an urgent need to develop possible energy. Therefore, the use of biomass solid fuel (bio-coke) as an alternative fuel for fossil fuel has been attracting attention (see Patent Document 2).

JP 2001-193908 A Japanese Patent No. 4088933

  However, it has been difficult to use biomass solid fuel (bio-coke) with conventional fluid heating devices. This is because it is difficult for the conventional fluid heating device to continuously burn the biomass solid fuel (bio-coke) in the device. In addition, the biomass solid fuel that was sequentially replenished and subsequently charged was not sufficiently heated and accumulated in an unburned state. In other words, even when biomass solid fuel is ignited in a conventional fluid heating device and then put in a combustion state, it is difficult to continue combustion and maintain the temperature of the combustion chamber at a high temperature, and heat exchange in the combustion chamber There was a drawback that the efficiency of the system gradually decreased. Further, when the biomass solid fuel burned out in the fluid heating device is crushed into ash, it is cumbersome to remove, and there is a drawback that maintenance is troublesome.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the fluid heating apparatus which enables the effective utilization of biomass solid fuel (bio-coke), and performs heat exchange efficiently.

The fluid heating device according to the present invention has a heat exchange tube group in which a fluid to be heated flows in a heat exchange chamber, and flows hot air from a heat supply chamber to the heat exchange chamber to heat the fluid to be heated in the tube group. In the fluid heating device to be exchanged, a biomass combustion device is provided for burning biomass solid fuel and supplying biomass combustion heat to the heat supply chamber, the biomass combustion device comprising the heat exchange chamber and the heat supply chamber A cylindrical burner body having a blowout opening communicating with the heat supply chamber at the distal end is attached to the cylindrical body having a predetermined inclined angle as a downwardly inclined front end. Heat for storing the biomass solid fuel made of short cylindrical or disc-shaped bio-coke from the section to the tip and heating and burning the biomass solid fuel in the cylindrical burner body A hot air supply pipe for supplying baked air is connected in communication with the cylindrical burner body, and the heated combustion air from the hot air supply pipe is loaded between the hot air inlet and the outlet of the hot air supply pipe. The biomass solid fuel is heated and ignited, and the biomass solid fuel is combusted, and blown hot air is jetted from the outlet to the heat supply chamber .

Further, the inclination angle of the cylindrical burner body is set to 25 ° to 60 °.

  According to the fluid heating device of the present invention, the biomass solid fuel can be continuously burned by the biomass combustion device, the biomass combustion heat can be reliably supplied, and the heat exchange chamber can be stably maintained at a high temperature.

It is the section front view showing one embodiment of the fluid heating device of the present invention. It is the cross-sectional side view which showed the fluid heating apparatus of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed biomass solid fuel, Comprising: (a) is the perspective view which showed an example of biomass solid fuel, (b) is the perspective view which showed the other example of biomass solid fuel. It is the cross-sectional front view which showed other embodiment of the fluid heating apparatus of this invention. It is the cross-sectional front view which showed another embodiment of the fluid heating apparatus of this invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fluid heating apparatus of the present invention has a heat exchange tube group 2 in which the fluid F to be heated flows in the heat exchange chamber 1, and the heat supply chamber 5 changes to the heat exchange chamber 1. In a fluid heating apparatus that exchanges heat with the heated fluid F in the tube group 2 by flowing hot air, a biomass combustion apparatus 3 for combusting the biomass solid fuel B and supplying biomass combustion heat to the heat supply chamber 5 is provided. I have.
In the heat exchange chamber 1, the hot air from the heat supply chamber 5 flows in the heat flow direction A, and the heated fluid F flowing inside is heated by the hot air passing through the gaps in the heat exchange tube group 2. It is constituted so that. The fluid heating apparatus of the present invention can use water, air, or the like as the fluid F to be heated. In FIG. 1, water is flowed to the lower half of the heat exchange tube group 2 in the heat exchange chamber 1, and the heat exchange chamber 1 is provided with a hybrid-type multi-tube heat exchanger 4 that allows air to flow into the upper half of the heat exchange tube group 2 in the inside.

The biomass combustion apparatus 3 includes a cylindrical burner main body 31 for storing the biomass solid fuel B from the longitudinal direction intermediate portion 3B to the distal end portion 3A while having the blowout port 18 communicating with the heat supply chamber 5 at the distal end portion 3A. A hot air supply pipe 32 for supplying heated combustion air H for heating and burning the biomass solid fuel B in the cylindrical burner body 31 is connected in communication with the vicinity of the tip 3A of the intermediate part 3B of the cylindrical burner body 31. ing.
3 A of front-end | tip parts of the biomass combustion apparatus 3 consist of a refractory material of a short thickness thick cylindrical shape. The biomass combustion apparatus 3 holds the biomass solid fuel B in the cylindrical burner main body 31 so as not to be crushed. The hot air supply pipe 32 has a heater 32A, heats the air supplied from the blower 39 to 300 ° C. to 700 ° C., and supplies it to the cylindrical burner body 31 as heated combustion air H for continuing the combustion of the biomass solid fuel B. doing. If the temperature of the heated combustion air H supplied from the hot air supply pipe 32 is less than 300 ° C., there is a possibility that the biomass solid fuel B does not burn reliably, and it is preferable to set the temperature to 450 ° C. to 600 ° C. .

In the biomass combustion apparatus 3, a fuel input cylinder portion 33 for replenishing the biomass solid fuel B is connected to the base end portion 3 </ b> C side of the hot air supply pipe 32. The fuel charging cylinder portion 33 has a first charging valve 21 and a second charging valve 22. The first charging valve 21 and the second charging valve 22 are set to open and close alternately, and the biomass burner body 31 is intermittently supplied with the biomass solid fuel B while preventing the backflow of hot air in the cylindrical burner body 31. It is configured to be sent in.
Further, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 pushes the biomass solid fuel B replenished from the fuel input cylinder portion 33 of the base end portion 3C into the tip portion 3A side, and whether or not a predetermined amount of the biomass solid fuel B remains in the intermediate portion 3C. It has pushing means 34 for detecting this.
In the biomass combustion apparatus 3, a blower pipe 35 for supplying air used for combustion of the biomass solid fuel B to the cylindrical burner main body 31 at a normal temperature is connected to the vicinity of the hot air supply pipe 32. The blower pipe 35 is connected to a blower 39, and an air volume adjusting valve is provided between the blower pipe 35 and the blower 39.

  The biomass combustion apparatus 3 has a lid member 38 attached to the outlet 18 of the tip 3A. The lid member 38 has a grid-like window for allowing the blown hot air W injected from the blowout port 18 to pass therethrough. The eyes of the grid-like window part have a vertical and horizontal interval dimension set to 30 mm or less. If the vertical and horizontal distance between the grid windows exceeds 30 mm, the amount of the biomass solid fuel B discharged from the outlet 18 without being sufficiently burned increases, and the combustion efficiency of the biomass combustion apparatus 3 may be reduced. There is.

The biomass solid fuel B is composed of biocoke having a short cylindrical shape or a circular disc shape in which a plant-derived biomass raw material is compressed at a high pressure and heated to a predetermined temperature and bonded to a high hardness.
As a raw material of the biomass solid fuel B, for example, wood chips, beverage residue, tofu okara, shochu residue, cow dung, chicken dung, pig dung, and biomass waste (RPF, RDF) can be used. Biomass solid fuel B has high hardness by changing the chemical bond of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are the main components, by putting these raw materials in a cylindrical mold and heating them to a predetermined temperature while compressing them at high pressure. It is made into solid fuel (bio-coke). The biomass solid fuel B is not carbonized.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 (a) (b), the biomass solid fuel B, the diameter _{D 1,} is set to 20Mm～120mm, length _{L 1} is set to 30mm~200mm Yes. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), the diameter _{D 1} of the biomass solid fuel B is set to 80Mm～120mm, length _{L 1} is suitable to be adjusted to 30mm~50mm . Incidentally, At a present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), having a diameter _{D 1} of the biomass solid fuel B is set to 80Mm～120mm, length dimension _{L 1} was set to 30mm~50mm 3 is a circular disk shape, and as shown in FIG. 3B, the diameter D ₁ is set to be 20 mm or more and smaller than 80 mm, and the length dimension L ₂ is set to be larger than 50 mm and 200 mm or less. A cylindrical shape (log shape).

The biomass solid fuel B has a carbon neutral property that does not increase the CO ₂ emission amount because the same amount of CO ₂ generated by combustion is absorbed by photosynthesis. In addition, since it contains almost no sulfur, it does not emit sulfur oxides (SO _x ) and is an environmentally friendly fuel. The biomass solid fuel B is represented by the chemical formula C _n H _m O _p and has a calorific value comparable to that of fossil fuels that emit a large amount of CO ₂ such as coal and petroleum. The biomass solid fuel B is heated only from room temperature to 250 ° C., and no exothermic reaction occurs. From about 250 ° C. to about 600 ° C., heat is generated while generating CO, CO ₂ and H ₂ by gasification by thermal decomposition. Biomass solid fuel B can react with a solid surface and burn at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher to obtain a large amount of heat. That is, the biomass solid fuel B exhibits its true value as an alternative fuel for fossil fuels in an atmosphere of 600 ° C. or higher.

In the biomass combustion apparatus 3, a cylindrical burner body 31 is attached to a cylindrical body 10 having a heat exchange chamber 1 and a heat supply chamber 5 as a tip inclined downward with a predetermined inclination angle θ, and the inclination angle θ is 25. It is set to ° -60 °.
In FIG. 1, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 is attached to an attachment cylinder 15 </ b> A that protrudes from a side wall 15 of a cylinder 10 that is vertically installed. A through-hole portion 16 is provided in the mounting cylinder portion 15 </ b> A of the cylindrical body 10, so that a high-temperature blown hot air W injected from the biomass combustion apparatus 3 can be introduced into the heat supply chamber 5 through the through-hole portion 16. Has been.
If the inclination angle θ of the cylindrical burner body 31 is less than 25 °, the biomass solid fuel B may not be smoothly fed and may be clogged in the middle. If it exceeds 60 °, the biomass after gasification is completed. There is a possibility that the solid fuel B is excessively compressed and collapsed (collapsed). More preferably, the angle is set to 35 ° to 40 °. In the present invention, “inclination angle θ” refers to an angle formed by the axis L ₀ of the cylindrical burner body 31 with respect to the horizontal line H ₀ (see FIG. 1).

The use method (action) of the fluid heating apparatus of the present invention described above will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, biomass solid fuel B is burned inside the biomass combustion device 3 to generate biomass combustion heat, and the biomass combustion heat is supplied to the heat supply chamber 5 together with the blown hot air W injected from the blowout port 18. To supply. In the biomass combustion apparatus 3, the biomass solid fuel B is ignited by the high-temperature (300 ° C. to 700 ° C.) heated combustion air H from the hot air supply pipe 32 and burns. The biomass solid fuel B burns with a flame temperature of 1600 ° C. to 2000 ° C., and the blown hot air W of 400 ° C. to 1500 ° C. is injected from the outlet 18. For ignition of the biomass solid fuel B, an electric heater, an auxiliary burner, or the like may be used.

  Since the biomass combustion apparatus 3 is inclined downward at a predetermined inclination angle θ, the biomass solid fuel B to be replenished later rolls around by its own weight and is sequentially sent to the tip portion 3A side. Alternatively, the biomass solid fuel B may be pushed into the tip portion 3A side by the pushing means 34 and sequentially conveyed. The biomass solid fuel B is disintegrated and consumed as it is burned, and when the pushing means 34 detects that a predetermined amount of the biomass solid fuel B is not stored in the intermediate portion 3B of the biomass combustion device 3, the fuel input cylinder portion The biomass solid fuel B is supplied from 33 and is (automatically) conveyed to the tip 3A side. The biomass solid fuel B, which is sequentially replenished and subsequently charged, is ignited and burned by the heated combustion air H from the hot air supply pipe 32, and an appropriate amount of the biomass solid fuel B continues to burn inside the biomass combustion device 3. Maintain the state you are doing. In this way, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 can maintain the biomass combustion heat supplied to the heat supply chamber 5 at a high temperature.

Next, another embodiment of the fluid heating apparatus of the present invention will be described.
In FIG. 4, in the heat exchange chamber 1, the hot air from the heat supply chamber 5 flows in the tubular fluid passages 19 parallel to each other in the heat flow direction A, and in the heat flow direction A by the ceiling fan. There is provided a hot air heat exchanger 14 that exchanges heat between a heated fluid F made of air and hot air from the heat supply chamber 5 by sending wind in the intersecting direction, and burning the biomass solid fuel B to heat A biomass combustion apparatus 3 for supplying biomass combustion heat to the supply chamber 5 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 5, another embodiment of the fluid heating apparatus of the present invention has a spiral tube member 20 in the heat exchange chamber 1 through which a fluid to be heated F made of water flows, and heat is supplied from the heat supply chamber 5. A hot water heat exchanger 17 for flowing hot air through the exchange chamber 1 to exchange heat between the heated fluid F and the hot air from the heat supply chamber 5 is provided to burn the biomass solid fuel B to the heat supply chamber 5. A biomass combustion apparatus 3 for supplying biomass combustion heat is provided.

  The design of the present invention can be changed. For example, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 may be provided with the fuel input cylinder portion 33 closer to the tip portion 3A side than the hot air supply pipe 32 (not shown). Further, the pushing means 34 may be omitted because the inclination angle θ is large.

  As described above, the fluid heating device according to the present invention has the heat exchange tube group 2 in which the fluid F to be heated flows in the heat exchange chamber 1, and flows hot air from the heat supply chamber 5 to the heat exchange chamber 1. In the fluid heating apparatus for exchanging heat with the heated fluid F in the tube group 2, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 for combusting the biomass solid fuel B and supplying the biomass combustion heat to the heat supply chamber 5 is provided. The biomass solid fuel B can be continuously burned by the biomass combustion apparatus 3 to reliably supply the biomass combustion heat to the heat supply chamber 5, and the heat exchange chamber 1 can be stably maintained at a high temperature.

  Further, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 includes a cylindrical burner body 31 for storing the biomass solid fuel B from the longitudinal direction intermediate portion 3B to the distal end portion 3A while having the blowout port 18 communicating with the heat supply chamber 5 at the distal end portion 3A. A hot air supply pipe 32 for supplying heated combustion air H for heating and burning the biomass solid fuel B in the cylindrical burner body 31 is communicated with the vicinity of the tip 3A of the intermediate part 3B of the cylindrical burner body 31. Since they are connected, the biomass solid fuel B can be heated at an appropriate temperature and reliably burned, and the biomass solid fuel B can be burned continuously in the biomass combustion apparatus 3. Moreover, the blowing hot air W injected from the blower outlet 18 can be stably maintained at a high temperature. In particular, if the temperature of the heated combustion air H is set to 450 ° C. to 600 ° C., the biomass solid fuel B can be reliably ignited and the biomass combustion heat can be effectively utilized.

In addition, the biomass solid fuel B is made of biocoke having a short cylindrical shape or a circular disk shape obtained by compressing a plant-derived biomass raw material at a high pressure and heating it to a predetermined temperature and bonding it to a high hardness. has a calorific value comparable to fossil fuels to increase emissions of CO _2, and without increasing the CO ₂ emissions for a carbon neutral nature, and the sulfur oxides since hardly contains sulfur ( There is no emission of SO _x ) and it can contribute to the preservation of the global environment as an alternative fuel for fossil fuels.

  Moreover, the biomass combustion apparatus 3 is attached to the cylindrical body 10 having the heat exchange chamber 1 and the heat supply chamber 5 with the cylindrical burner body 31 inclined downward at a predetermined inclination angle θ. Since the angle is set to 25 ° to 60 °, the biomass solid fuel B can be burned without being excessively compressed and collapsed, and the biomass solid fuel B can be smoothly fed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat exchange chamber 2 Heat exchange pipe group 3 Biomass combustion apparatus 3A Tip part 3B Middle part 5 Heat supply chamber 10 Cylinder 18 Outlet 31 Cylindrical burner main body 32 Hot air supply pipe F Heated fluid B Biomass solid fuel H Heating combustion Air θ Inclination angle
W blowing hot air

Claims (2)

A heat exchange tube group (2) through which the fluid to be heated (F) flows is provided in the heat exchange chamber (1), and hot air is allowed to flow from the heat supply chamber (5) to the heat exchange chamber (1). (2) In the fluid heating device for exchanging heat with the heated fluid (F) in
A biomass combustion apparatus (3) for burning biomass solid fuel (B) and supplying biomass combustion heat to the heat supply chamber (5) ,
The biomass combustion apparatus (3) includes a blower outlet (18) communicating with the heat supply chamber (5) in a cylindrical body (10) having the heat exchange chamber (1) and the heat supply chamber (5). A cylindrical burner body (31) provided at the distal end portion (3A) is attached as a downwardly inclined shape with a predetermined inclination angle (θ), and the cylindrical burner body (31) has a longitudinally intermediate portion (3B). The biomass solid fuel (B) made of biocoke having a short cylindrical shape or a circular disk shape is accommodated over the tip (3A), and the biomass solid fuel (B) in the cylindrical burner body (31) is heated. A hot air supply pipe (32) for supplying heated combustion air (H) for combustion in a communicable manner to the cylindrical burner body (31),
The biomass solid fuel (B) loaded between the hot air inlet of the hot air supply pipe (32) and the outlet (18) is heated by the heated combustion air (H) from the hot air supply pipe (32). The biomass solid fuel (B) is combusted and burned, and the hot air (W) is blown out from the outlet (18) to the heat supply chamber (5). Heating device. The fluid heating device according to claim 1 , wherein an inclination angle (θ) of the cylindrical burner body (31) is set to 25 ° to 60 ° .

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