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JP5437483B2 - Microbial power generation apparatus and power generation method thereof - Google Patents
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JP5437483B2 - Microbial power generation apparatus and power generation method thereof - Google Patents

Microbial power generation apparatus and power generation method thereof Download PDF

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JP5437483B2
JP5437483B2 JP2012509219A JP2012509219A JP5437483B2 JP 5437483 B2 JP5437483 B2 JP 5437483B2 JP 2012509219 A JP2012509219 A JP 2012509219A JP 2012509219 A JP2012509219 A JP 2012509219A JP 5437483 B2 JP5437483 B2 JP 5437483B2
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安寛 杉本
大輔 田島
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安寛 杉本
青山 謙司
矢賀 啓修
野田 了誠
清水 敏幸
毛利 次郎
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description

本発明は、微生物活動によって生じる電荷を利用して電力を取得する発電装置及びその発電方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus that acquires electric power using charges generated by microbial activity and a power generation method thereof.

近年、地球環境に配慮した発電方法へのニーズが高まり、自然環境下で自由に入手可能な微生物を利用した微生物発電の技術開発が進められている。このような技術の1つとして、微生物燃料電池が知られている(例えば、特許文献1)。   In recent years, the need for a power generation method in consideration of the global environment has increased, and the development of technology for microbial power generation using microorganisms that are freely available in the natural environment has been promoted. As one of such techniques, a microbial fuel cell is known (for example, Patent Document 1).

この種の微生物燃料電池の原理を簡単に説明すると、微生物燃料電池では、負極を備えた負極室内に、微生物、微生物に資化される有機物、および電子伝達媒体(電子メディエータ)を共存させる。これにより、電子メディエータは、微生物体内に入り、微生物が有機物を酸化して発生する電子を受け取って負極に渡す。そして、負極は外部抵抗(負荷)を介して正極と電気的に接続されているため、負極に渡された電子は外部抵抗(負荷)を介して正極に移動し、正極と接する電子受容体に渡される。このような電子の移動により正極と負極との間に電流が流れるというものである。   The principle of this type of microbial fuel cell will be briefly described. In the microbial fuel cell, microorganisms, organic substances assimilated by microorganisms, and electron transfer media (electron mediators) coexist in a negative electrode chamber provided with a negative electrode. As a result, the electron mediator enters the microorganism, receives the electrons generated by the microorganisms oxidizing the organic matter, and passes them to the negative electrode. Since the negative electrode is electrically connected to the positive electrode via an external resistance (load), the electrons transferred to the negative electrode move to the positive electrode via the external resistance (load) and pass through the electron acceptor in contact with the positive electrode. Passed. Such a movement of electrons causes a current to flow between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

特開2006−066284号公報JP 2006-066284 A

ところで、上述の微生物燃料電池には、以下のような問題点があった。   By the way, the above-described microbial fuel cell has the following problems.

すなわち、第1に、上述の微生物燃料電池は、構成が非常に複雑で、メンテナンスも非常に手間がかかるという問題があった。   That is, first, the above-described microbial fuel cell has a problem that the configuration is very complicated and maintenance is very troublesome.

第2に、上述の微生物燃料電池は、電流が流れることにより起電力が発生するものの発電効率が低いという問題があった。   Secondly, the above-described microbial fuel cell has a problem that power generation efficiency is low although an electromotive force is generated when an electric current flows.

そこで本発明は、上記事情に鑑み、構成が非常に簡単で、メンテナンスも非常に容易で、なお且つ、発電効率が高い微生物発電装置及びその発電方法を提供することを目的としている。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a microbial power generation apparatus having a very simple configuration, extremely easy maintenance, and high power generation efficiency, and a power generation method therefor.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の請求項1に係る微生物発電装置を、図面の参照符号を付して示せば、微生物活動で生じる電荷eを吸着可能な複数の第1電極体10と、これら第1電極体10に電気的に接続された中継電極体11と、で集電荷部1が構成され、該集電荷部1の中継電極体11が、負荷抵抗Rを介して、接地用の第2電極体2と電気的に接続され、該負荷抵抗Rにて発生する起電力を取得可能な起電力取得手段4を有してなることを特徴としている。In order to achieve the above object, if a microbial power generation apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention is shown with reference numerals in the drawings, a plurality of first electrode bodies 10 capable of adsorbing charge e generated by microbial activity. And the relay electrode body 11 that is electrically connected to the first electrode body 10 constitutes a charge collection unit 1, and the relay electrode body 11 of the charge collection unit 1 is grounded via a load resistor R. The electromotive force acquisition means 4 which is electrically connected with the 2nd electrode body 2 for this and can acquire the electromotive force which generate | occur | produces in this load resistance R is characterized by the above-mentioned.

また、請求項2の発明は、上記請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置において、前記集電荷部1が複数設けられ、これら集電荷部1の中継電極体11同士が電気的に接続されてなることを特徴としている。   The invention according to claim 2 is the microorganism power generation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the charge collection portions 1 are provided, and the relay electrode bodies 11 of the charge collection portions 1 are electrically connected to each other. It is characterized by that.

そして、請求項3の発明は、上記請求項1又は2に記載の微生物発電装置において、前記起電力取得手段4が、コンデンサCであることを特徴としている。   The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the microbial power generation apparatus of claim 1 or 2, the electromotive force acquisition means 4 is a capacitor C.

さらに、請求項4の発明は、上記請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微生物発電装置において、前記第1の電極体10が、チタン又はステンレスで形成されてなることを特徴としている。   Furthermore, the invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the microorganism power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the first electrode body 10 is made of titanium or stainless steel. .

一方、請求項5の発明は、微生物発電方法であって、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、微生物活動で生じる電荷eを吸着可能な複数の第1電極体10を埋設するステップと、前記これら第1電極体10に電気的に接続された中継電極体11を前記土壌G1中に埋設するステップと、前記埋設した中継電極体11に、負荷抵抗Rを介して、第2電極体2を電気的に接続するステップと、前記第2電極体2を、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に接地するステップと、を有し、前記第2電極体2の接地によって前記負荷抵抗Rに発生する起電力を取得してなることを特徴としている。On the other hand, the invention of claim 5 is a microbial power generation method, wherein a plurality of first electrode bodies 10 capable of adsorbing charge e generated by microbial activity are embedded in soil G1 where microbial activity is active, The step of burying the relay electrode body 11 electrically connected to the first electrode body 10 in the soil G1 and the second electrode body 2 via the load resistance R in the buried relay electrode body 11 And connecting the second electrode body 2 to the load resistance R by the grounding of the second electrode body 2. It is characterized by acquiring the electromotive force generated.

次に、本発明の効果について、図面の参照符号を付して説明する。まず請求項1の発明にかかる微生物発電装置では、集電荷部1の中継電極体11が、負荷抵抗Rを介して、接地用の第2電極体2と電気的に接続され、そして、その負荷抵抗Rにて発生する起電力を取得可能な起電力取得手段4を有するという構成である。また、集電荷部1にしても、中継電極体11に複数の第1電極体10を電気的に接続しているだけであるから、構成が非常に簡単である。それゆえ、メンテナンスも非常に容易である。   Next, effects of the present invention will be described with reference numerals in the drawings. First, in the microbial power generation device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the relay electrode body 11 of the current collector 1 is electrically connected to the grounded second electrode body 2 via the load resistance R, and the load The electromotive force acquisition means 4 capable of acquiring the electromotive force generated at the resistor R is provided. In addition, the configuration of the charge collecting unit 1 is very simple because only the plurality of first electrode bodies 10 are electrically connected to the relay electrode body 11. Therefore, maintenance is very easy.

そして、請求項5の発明に関しても、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、中継電極体11及び、その電極体11に電気的に接続している複数の第1電極体10を埋設し、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に、第2電極体2を接地し、上記中継電極体11と第2電極体2を、負荷抵抗Rを介して電気的に接続するだけで起電力を取得することができる。それゆえ、請求項1の発明と同様、構成が非常に簡単であり、なお且つ、メンテナンスも非常に容易であるという効果を得ることができる。   In the invention of claim 5 as well, the relay electrode body 11 and the plurality of first electrode bodies 10 electrically connected to the electrode body 11 are embedded in the soil G1 where microbial activity is active, An electromotive force is obtained simply by grounding the second electrode body 2 in the inactive soil G2 and electrically connecting the relay electrode body 11 and the second electrode body 2 via the load resistance R. be able to. Therefore, as in the first aspect of the invention, it is possible to obtain the effects that the configuration is very simple and the maintenance is very easy.

また請求項1又は請求項5の発明によれば、微生物活動によって生じた電荷eを複数の第1電極体10にて吸着することができる。そして、これら複数の第1電極体10と中継電極体11が電気的に接続されていることから、その吸着した電荷eを中継電極体11にて収集することができる。さらに、上記中継電極体11が、負荷抵抗Rを介して、接地用の第2電極体2と電気的に接続されていることから、その収集した電荷eが、中継電極体11から第2電極体2へ移動することとなる。これにより、負荷抵抗Rに起電力が発生し、その発生した起電力を取得することができる。According to the invention of claim 1 or claim 5, the charge e generated by the microbial activity can be adsorbed by the plurality of first electrode bodies 10. Since the plurality of first electrode bodies 10 and the relay electrode body 11 are electrically connected, the adsorbed charges e can be collected by the relay electrode body 11. Further, since the relay electrode body 11 is electrically connected to the grounded second electrode body 2 via the load resistor R, the collected charge e is transferred from the relay electrode body 11 to the second electrode body 2. It moves to the electrode body 2. Thereby, an electromotive force is generated in the load resistance R, and the generated electromotive force can be acquired.

しかして、上記記載のように、微生物活動によって生じた電荷eを第2電極体2へ移動させる際に、上記電荷eを中継電極体11にて一旦収集した上で移動させているため、多量の電荷eを第2電極体2へ移動させることができる。それゆえ、多量の電荷eを第2電極体2へ移動させることで、その移動中に多少の電荷損失があったとしても、負荷抵抗Rに高起電力を発生させることができる。よって、請求項1又は請求項5の発明によれば、発電効率が非常に高いという効果を得ることができる。Thus, as described above, when the charge e generated by the microbial activity is moved to the second electrode body 2, the charge e is once collected by the relay electrode body 11 and then moved. A large amount of charge e can be moved to the second electrode body 2. Therefore, by moving a large amount of charge e to the second electrode body 2, even if there is some charge loss during the movement, a high electromotive force can be generated in the load resistance R. Therefore, according to the invention of Claim 1 or Claim 5, the effect that the power generation efficiency is very high can be obtained.

一方、請求項2の発明によれば、集電荷部1が複数設けられ、これら集電荷部1の中継電極体11同士が電気的に接続されている。それゆえ、各中継電極体11にて収集された電荷eが夫々第2電極体2へ移動することとなり、一つの集電荷部1よりも、より多量の電荷eが第2電極体2へ移動することとなる。しかして、負荷抵抗Rには、より高い起電力が発生することとなるから、発電効率をより高めることができる。On the other hand, according to the invention of claim 2, a plurality of charge collecting portions 1 are provided, and the relay electrode bodies 11 of these charge collecting portions 1 are electrically connected. Therefore, the charge e collected by each relay electrode body 11 moves to the second electrode body 2, and a larger amount of charge e than the one charge collection unit 1 is generated by the second electrode body 2. Will be moved to. Therefore, a higher electromotive force is generated in the load resistance R, and thus the power generation efficiency can be further increased.

また、請求項3の発明によれば、起電力取得手段4がコンデンサCであるから、負荷抵抗Rに発生する起電力を蓄電することが可能となる。それゆえ、安定した電力を得ることができる。   According to the invention of claim 3, since the electromotive force acquisition means 4 is the capacitor C, it is possible to store the electromotive force generated in the load resistance R. Therefore, stable power can be obtained.

さらに、請求項4の発明によれば、後述する比較例から明らかなように、第1電極体10が、チタン又はステンレスで形成されているから、負荷抵抗Rに、より高い起電力を発生させることが可能となる。そのため、本発明によれば、発電効率をさらに高めることができる。   Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 4, since the first electrode body 10 is formed of titanium or stainless steel, as will be apparent from a comparative example described later, a higher electromotive force is generated in the load resistance R. It becomes possible. Therefore, according to the present invention, the power generation efficiency can be further increased.

本発明の一実施形態に係る微生物発電装置を示し、その微生物発電装置を土壌で使用している状態を示す平面模式図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a microbial power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which the microbial power generation device is used in soil. 同使用状態を示す縦断面模式図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the use condition. 実施例1の計測結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement result of Example 1. 実施例3の計測結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement result of Example 3.

以下、本発明に係る一実施形態について、図1及び図2を参照して具体的に説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

本実施形態に係る微生物発電装置は、図1に示すように、複数の集電荷部1(図示では4つ)と、第2電極体2とが、負荷抵抗Rを介して、外周が絶縁被覆されている銅電線3によって電気的に接続されている。そして、負荷抵抗Rには、起電力取得手段4が並列接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the microbial power generation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of charge collecting portions 1 (four in the drawing) and a second electrode body 2 that are insulated and coated on the outer periphery via a load resistance R. The copper wire 3 is electrically connected. The electromotive force acquisition means 4 is connected to the load resistor R in parallel.

集電荷部1は、複数の第1電極体10(図示では5つ)と、中継電極体11と、で構成されている。そして、中継電極体11を中心として放射状に、所要間隔をおいて複数の第1電極体10(図示では5つ)が配設され、これら第1電極体10と、中継電極体11とが銅電線3を介して電気的に接続されている。   The charge collection unit 1 includes a plurality of first electrode bodies 10 (five in the drawing) and relay electrode bodies 11. Then, a plurality of first electrode bodies 10 (five in the drawing) are arranged radially with the relay electrode body 11 as the center, and the first electrode body 10 and the relay electrode body 11 are made of copper. It is electrically connected via the electric wire 3.

第1電極体10は、図2に示すように、棒状に形成され、チタン等の材質で形成されてなり、微生物活動で生じる電荷eを吸着可能なものである。一方、中継電極体11は、棒状に形成され、アルミニウム等の材質で形成されている。As shown in FIG. 2, the first electrode body 10 is formed in a rod shape and is made of a material such as titanium, and can adsorb a charge e generated by microbial activity. On the other hand, the relay electrode body 11 is formed in a rod shape and is made of a material such as aluminum.

このように構成される集電荷部1は、複数の集電荷部1(図示では4つ)を接続するにあたって、図1及び図2に示すように、中継電極体11同士が銅電線3を介して電気的に接続されている。   In the charge collecting section 1 configured as described above, when connecting a plurality of charge collecting sections 1 (four in the drawing), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the relay electrode bodies 11 are connected to each other via the copper wire 3. Are electrically connected.

また、第2電極体2は、棒状に形成され、アルミニウム等の材質で形成されている。そして、第2電極体2は、図2に示すように、土壌G2中に接地されている。   The second electrode body 2 is formed in a rod shape and is made of a material such as aluminum. And the 2nd electrode body 2 is earth | grounded in the soil G2, as shown in FIG.

一方、起電力取得手段4は、図2に示すように、電気二重層コンデンサCで構成されている。このように、電気二重層コンデンサCを用いることにより、負荷抵抗Rに発生する起電力を蓄電することができるから、安定した電力を得ることが可能となる。なお、本実施形態において、電気二重層コンデンサCを1つしか例示していないが、複数用いても良いことは言うまでもない。また、本実施形態においては、電気二重層コンデンサCを例示したが、どのようなコンデンサであってもよい。さらには、本実施形態において、起電力取得手段として、電気二重層コンデンサCを用いる方法を例示したが、起電力を取得できればどのような方法であってもよい。   On the other hand, the electromotive force acquisition means 4 is composed of an electric double layer capacitor C as shown in FIG. As described above, by using the electric double layer capacitor C, it is possible to store the electromotive force generated in the load resistance R, and thus it is possible to obtain stable power. In the present embodiment, only one electric double layer capacitor C is illustrated, but it goes without saying that a plurality of capacitors may be used. In the present embodiment, the electric double layer capacitor C is illustrated, but any capacitor may be used. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the method of using the electric double layer capacitor C as the electromotive force acquisition means has been exemplified, but any method may be used as long as the electromotive force can be acquired.

上記のように構成される微生物発電装置は、図1及び図2に示すように土壌G1及び土壌G2中にて使用される。これにより、微生物活動によって生じる電荷を利用して電力を取得することができる。その方法を、以下に具体的に説明する。   The microbial power generation apparatus configured as described above is used in soil G1 and soil G2 as shown in FIGS. Thereby, electric power can be acquired using the electric charge produced by microbial activity. The method will be specifically described below.

まず、微生物発電装置が使用される土壌G1及びG2について説明すると、土壌G1は、微生物活動が活発な土壌であって、例えば、堆肥を使用している田畑等である。また、土壌G2は、微生物活動が不活発な土壌であって、例えば、畦道等である。   First, the soil G1 and G2 in which the microbial power generation apparatus is used will be described. The soil G1 is a soil in which microbial activity is active, and is, for example, a field using compost. Further, the soil G2 is a soil in which microbial activity is inactive, and is, for example, a tunnel.

そして、このような、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、複数の集電荷部1(図示では4つ)が所要間隔を置いて埋設され、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に、第2電極体2が接地されている。これにより、微生物活動、すなわち、微生物が有機物を資化することにより生じる電荷eが、図2に示すように、複数の第1電極体10に夫々吸着される。そして、これら第1電極体10に吸着された電荷eは、銅電線3を介して中継電極体11に収集される。収集された電荷eは、中継電極体11と第2電極体2とが、負荷抵抗Rを介して銅電線3によって電気的に接続されているため、図2に示すように、中継電極体11から第2電極体2へ移動する。この電荷eの移動により、中継電極体11と第2電極体2間に電流が流れる。In the soil G1 in which microbial activity is active, a plurality of charge collection portions 1 (four in the drawing) are buried at a required interval, and in the soil G2 in which microbial activity is inactive, the second The electrode body 2 is grounded. As a result, the microbial activity, that is, the electric charge e generated when the microorganism assimilate the organic substance is adsorbed to the plurality of first electrode bodies 10 as shown in FIG. The charge e adsorbed on the first electrode body 10 is collected by the relay electrode body 11 via the copper wire 3. Since the collected electric charge e is electrically connected to the relay electrode body 11 and the second electrode body 2 by the copper wire 3 via the load resistance R, as shown in FIG. It moves from 11 to the second electrode body 2. Due to the movement of the electric charge e , a current flows between the relay electrode body 11 and the second electrode body 2.

しかして、中継電極体11と第2電極体2間に電流が流れれば、負荷抵抗Rにも電流が流れることとなるから、オームの法則により、負荷抵抗Rに起電力が生じることとなる。そしてその発生した起電力は、並列接続されている電気二重層コンデンサC(起電力取得手段4)にて蓄電されることとなり、その蓄電によって、発生した起電力を取得することが可能となる。   Therefore, if a current flows between the relay electrode body 11 and the second electrode body 2, a current also flows through the load resistance R. Therefore, an electromotive force is generated in the load resistance R according to Ohm's law. . The generated electromotive force is stored in the electric double layer capacitor C (electromotive force acquisition means 4) connected in parallel, and the generated electromotive force can be acquired by the storage.

以上説明した本実施形態によれば、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、集電荷部1を埋設し、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に、第2電極体2を接地し、集電荷部1と第2電極体2を、負荷抵抗Rを介して銅電線3によって電気的に接続し、負荷抵抗Rに電気二重層コンデンサC(起電力取得手段4)を並列接続するだけで起電力を取得することができる。さらに、集電荷部1にしても、中継電極体11に複数の第1電極体10を、銅電線3を介して電気的に接続しているだけであるから、構成が非常に簡単であるため、メンテナンスも非常に容易である。   According to the present embodiment described above, the charge collection unit 1 is embedded in the soil G1 in which the microbial activity is active, the second electrode body 2 is grounded in the soil G2 in which the microbial activity is inactive, and the charge collection is performed. The part 1 and the second electrode body 2 are electrically connected by a copper wire 3 via a load resistance R, and an electromotive force is obtained simply by connecting an electric double layer capacitor C (electromotive force acquisition means 4) in parallel to the load resistance R. Can be obtained. Furthermore, even in the current collector 1, since the plurality of first electrode bodies 10 are only electrically connected to the relay electrode body 11 via the copper wire 3, the configuration is very simple. Maintenance is also very easy.

さらに、集電荷部1は、微生物活動によって生じた電荷eを複数の第1電極体10にて吸着した上で、その吸着した電荷eを中継電極体11にて収集している。そして、その収集した電荷eが、中継電極体11から第2電極体2へ移動している。それゆえ、微生物活動によって生じた電荷eを、中継電極体11にて一旦収集した上で第2電極体2へ移動させているため、多量の電荷eを第2電極体2へ移動させることができる。しかして、多量の電荷eを第2電極体2へ移動させているため、その移動中に多少の電荷損失があったとしても、負荷抵抗Rに高起電力を発生させることができる。よって、本実施形態によれば、発電効率が非常に高いという効果を得ることができる。In addition, the current charge unit 1, the charge e generated by microbial activity - after having adsorbed at a plurality of first electrode 10, the charge e the adsorbed - have collected at the relay electrode 11. The collected charge e is moved from the relay electrode body 11 to the second electrode body 2. Therefore, since the charge e generated by the microbial activity is once collected by the relay electrode body 11 and moved to the second electrode body 2, a large amount of charge e is moved to the second electrode body 2. be able to. Therefore, since a large amount of charge e is moved to the second electrode body 2, even if there is some charge loss during the movement, a high electromotive force can be generated in the load resistance R. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the effect that the power generation efficiency is very high can be obtained.

一方、本実施形態によれば、集電荷部1が複数設けられ、これら集電荷部1の中継電極体11同士が銅電線3を介して電気的に接続されている。それゆえ、各中継電極体11にて収集された電荷eが夫々第2電極体2へ移動することとなり、一つの集電荷部1よりも、より多量の電荷eが第2電極体2へ移動することとなる。そのため、負荷抵抗Rには、より高い起電力が発生することとなるから、発電効率をより高めることができる。他方で、構成自体も非常に簡単であるため、幅広い面積の土壌で本実施形態を使用するとしても作業がし易く、なお且つ、メンテナンスが非常に容易であるという効果もある。On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, a plurality of current collecting portions 1 are provided, and the relay electrode bodies 11 of the current collecting portions 1 are electrically connected via the copper wire 3. Therefore, the charge e collected by each relay electrode body 11 moves to the second electrode body 2, and a larger amount of charge e than the one charge collection unit 1 is generated by the second electrode body 2. Will be moved to. As a result, a higher electromotive force is generated in the load resistance R, so that the power generation efficiency can be further increased. On the other hand, since the configuration itself is very simple, there is an effect that even if this embodiment is used in a wide area of soil, the operation is easy and the maintenance is very easy.

なお、本実施形態では、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、集電荷部1を埋設し、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に、第2電極体2を接地する方法を例示したが、これ以外の土壌に集電荷部1を埋設し、第2電極体2を接地しても良い。しかし、微生物活動が活発な土壌G1中に、集電荷部1を埋設し、微生物活動が不活発な土壌G2中に、第2電極体2を接地するのが好ましい。   In the present embodiment, the method of burying the current collector 1 in the soil G1 where the microbial activity is active and grounding the second electrode body 2 in the soil G2 where the microbial activity is inactive is illustrated. The current collector 1 may be embedded in other soil and the second electrode body 2 may be grounded. However, it is preferable that the charge collection unit 1 is buried in the soil G1 where the microbial activity is active, and the second electrode body 2 is grounded in the soil G2 where the microbial activity is inactive.

次に、実施例及び比較例を用いて、本発明を更に詳しく説明する。   Next, the present invention will be described in more detail using examples and comparative examples.

図1及び図2に示す微生物発電装置を作成した。第1電極体10としては、断面積113mm、長さ100cmのチタン棒を使用した。中継電極体11としては、断面積19.625cm、長さ1mのアルミニウム棒を使用した。第2電極体2としては、断面積28.26mm、長さ1mのアルミニウム棒を使用した。負荷抵抗Rとしては、1Ωのものを使用し、起電力取得手段4としては、2.5V,950Fの電気二重層コンデンサを10個並列に接続したものを使用した。The microbial power generation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared. As the first electrode body 10, a titanium rod having a cross-sectional area of 113 mm 2 and a length of 100 cm was used. As the relay electrode body 11, an aluminum rod having a cross-sectional area of 19.625 cm 2 and a length of 1 m was used. As the second electrode body 2, an aluminum bar having a cross-sectional area of 28.26 mm 2 and a length of 1 m was used. The load resistance R was 1Ω, and the electromotive force acquisition means 4 was a 10V 2.5V, 950F electric double layer capacitor connected in parallel.

集電荷部1の構成としては、上記第1電極体10を5本用意し、上記中継電極体11を1本用意した上で、これらを用いて構成した。そして、そのように構成した集電荷部1を3つ設けた。   As the configuration of the charge collecting section 1, five first electrode bodies 10 were prepared, and one relay electrode body 11 was prepared, and these were used. Then, three charge collecting portions 1 configured as described above were provided.

一方、土壌としては、ビニールハウスでのフダンソウ栽培を行っている堆肥施用区で、面積48mのものを使用した。On the other hand, as the soil, a compost application area where the chard cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse, and an area of 48 m 2 was used.

そして、このような土壌中に、上記3つの集電荷部1を埋設し、第2電極体2を畦道に接地した。この状態で、平成21年4月24日〜6月5日の期間中の電圧、電流を経時的に計測したところ、図3に示す結果が得られた。   Then, the three charge collection portions 1 were embedded in such soil, and the second electrode body 2 was grounded to the tunnel. In this state, when the voltage and current during the period from April 24 to June 5, 2009 were measured over time, the results shown in FIG. 3 were obtained.

図3の実験結果から明らかなように、安定した電圧、電流が発生していることが分かる。また、この期間中の発生電力量を調べたところ、表1の結果が得られた。   As is clear from the experimental results in FIG. 3, it can be seen that stable voltage and current are generated. Further, when the amount of generated electric power during this period was examined, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

Figure 0005437483
Figure 0005437483

上表の結果から、比較的高い電力が発生していることが分かる。   From the results in the above table, it can be seen that relatively high power is generated.

微生物発電装置としては、実施例1と同じものを使用した。しかしながら、土壌としては、堆肥施用区のトウモロコシ畑と、無堆肥区のトウモロコシ畑の2つの処理区を使用した。なお、面積は、夫々27mである。As the microbial power generation device, the same one as in Example 1 was used. However, as the soil, two treatment zones were used: a corn field in a compost application zone and a corn field in a non-compost zone. Each area is 27 m 2 .

このような2つの土壌中に、夫々、3つの集電荷部1を埋設し、第2電極体2を畦道に接地した。この状態で、平成21年6月17日〜8月20日の期間中の発生電力量を調べたところ、表2の結果が得られた。   In each of such two soils, three current collecting portions 1 were buried, and the second electrode body 2 was grounded to the tunnel. In this state, when the amount of generated electric power during the period from June 17 to August 20, 2009 was examined, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

Figure 0005437483
Figure 0005437483

上表の結果から、堆肥施用区の発生電力量は、無堆肥区と比較して約1.6倍高いことが分かる。したがって、本発明の微生物発電装置を、堆肥施用区で用いた方がより高い電力を得ることができるものと言える。   From the results in the above table, it can be seen that the amount of power generated in the compost application section is about 1.6 times higher than that in the non-compost section. Therefore, it can be said that higher power can be obtained by using the microbial power generation device of the present invention in the compost application section.

微生物発電装置としては、実施例1と同じものを使用した。しかしながら、土壌としては、横幅180cm,奥行き120cm,高さ120cmのスチール製容器を用意し、その外周を断熱材で囲んだ上で、その容器中に、牛糞、戻し堆肥を体積比10:2の割合で混合した土壌を作成した。   As the microbial power generation device, the same one as in Example 1 was used. However, as soil, a steel container having a width of 180 cm, a depth of 120 cm, and a height of 120 cm is prepared, and the outer periphery thereof is surrounded by a heat insulating material, and cow dung and return compost are in a volume ratio of 10: 2. Soil mixed in proportion was created.

このように作成された土壌中に、3つの集電荷部1を埋設し、第2電極体2を容器外に接地した。この状態で、平成21年9月18日〜10月13日の期間中、経時的に電圧、電流を計測したところ、図4に示す結果が得られた。   Three current collecting portions 1 were embedded in the soil thus prepared, and the second electrode body 2 was grounded outside the container. In this state, the voltage and current were measured over time during the period from September 18 to October 13, 2009, and the results shown in FIG. 4 were obtained.

図4の実験結果から明らかなように、電流は若干不安定であるものの、安定した電圧が発生していることが分かる。また、この期間中の発生電力量を調べたところ、約16mWhであった。   As is clear from the experimental results in FIG. 4, it can be seen that although the current is slightly unstable, a stable voltage is generated. Further, when the amount of generated power during this period was examined, it was about 16 mWh.

以上の実施例により、本発明の微生物発電装置は、非常に簡単な構成であるにも関わらず、高い電力を取得することができると言える。すなわち、発電効率が非常に高いと言える。   According to the above embodiment, it can be said that the microbial power generation apparatus of the present invention can acquire high power despite having a very simple configuration. That is, it can be said that the power generation efficiency is very high.

比較例Comparative example

第1電極体10として、断面積113mm、長さ100cmのアルミニウム棒、チタン棒、ステンレス棒、断面積79mm、長さ30cmのカーボン棒を、夫々5本ずつ用意した。そして、それ以外の部材は、実施例1と同じものを使用した。As the first electrode body 10, five aluminum rods each having a cross-sectional area of 113 mm 2 and a length of 100 cm, a titanium bar, a stainless steel bar, and a cross-sectional area of 79 mm 2 and a length of 30 cm were prepared. The other members were the same as those in Example 1.

また、土壌としては、横幅180cm,奥行き120cm,高さ120cmのスチール製容器を用意し、その外周を断熱材で囲んだ上で、その容器中に、牛糞、菌群(牛糞の発酵促進剤としての好熱菌を含む)を体積比10:1の割合で混合した土壌を作成した。   Also, as the soil, a steel container having a width of 180 cm, a depth of 120 cm, and a height of 120 cm is prepared, and the outer periphery thereof is surrounded by a heat insulating material. Soil containing a thermophilic bacterium) was prepared at a volume ratio of 10: 1.

このように作成された土壌中に、3つの集電荷部1を埋設し、第2電極体2を容器外に接地した。この状態で、約1ヵ月間の発生電力量の違いを調べたところ、表3の結果が得られた。   Three current collecting portions 1 were embedded in the soil thus prepared, and the second electrode body 2 was grounded outside the container. In this state, when the difference in the generated electric energy for about one month was examined, the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.

Figure 0005437483
Figure 0005437483

上表の結果から、チタン又はステンレスを用いた方が、発生電力量が高いことが分かる。したがって、第1電極体10としては、チタン又はステンレスで形成した方が好ましいと言える。   From the results in the above table, it can be seen that the amount of generated power is higher when titanium or stainless steel is used. Therefore, it can be said that the first electrode body 10 is preferably formed of titanium or stainless steel.

1 集電荷部
2 第2電極体
3 銅電線
4 起電力取得手段
10 第1電極体
11 中継電極体
C コンデンサ
R 負荷抵抗
G1 微生物活動が活発な土壌
G2 微生物活動が不活発な土壌
電荷
Vol charge portion 2 second electrode body 3 copper wire 4 electromotive force obtaining means 10 relay electrode body first electrode member 11 C capacitor R load resistance G1 microbial activity is active soil G2 microbial activity is inactive soil e - charge

Claims (5)

微生物活動で生じる電荷を吸着可能な複数の第1電極体と、これら第1電極体に電気的に接続された中継電極体と、で集電荷部が構成され、
該集電荷部の中継電極体が、負荷抵抗を介して、接地用の第2電極体と電気的に接続され、
該負荷抵抗にて発生する起電力を取得可能な起電力取得手段を有してなることを特徴とする微生物発電装置。
A plurality of first electrode bodies capable of adsorbing charges generated by microbial activity, and relay electrode bodies electrically connected to these first electrode bodies constitute a charge collection unit,
The relay electrode body of the current collector is electrically connected to the second electrode body for grounding via a load resistor,
A microorganism power generation device comprising electromotive force acquisition means capable of acquiring an electromotive force generated by the load resistance.
前記集電荷部が複数設けられ、これら集電荷部の中継電極体同士が電気的に接続されてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。   The microbial power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the charge collection parts are provided, and the relay electrode bodies of the charge collection parts are electrically connected to each other. 前記起電力取得手段は、コンデンサであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の微生物発電装置。   The microbial power generation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromotive force acquisition means is a capacitor. 前記第1の電極体は、チタン又はステンレスで形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微生物発電装置。   The microbial power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first electrode body is made of titanium or stainless steel. 微生物活動が活発な土壌中に、微生物活動で生じる電荷を吸着可能な複数の第1電極体を埋設するステップと、
前記これら第1電極体に電気的に接続された中継電極体を前記土壌中に埋設するステップと、
前記埋設した中継電極体に、負荷抵抗を介して、第2電極体を電気的に接続するステップと、
前記第2電極体を、微生物活動が不活発な土壌中に接地するステップとを有し、
前記第2電極体の接地によって前記負荷抵抗に発生する起電力を取得してなることを特徴とする微生物発電方法。
Burying a plurality of first electrode bodies capable of adsorbing electric charges generated by microbial activity in a soil where microbial activity is active;
Burying the relay electrode body electrically connected to the first electrode body in the soil;
Electrically connecting a second electrode body to the buried relay electrode body via a load resistor;
Grounding the second electrode body in soil with inactive microbial activity,
A microorganism power generation method characterized by obtaining an electromotive force generated in the load resistance by grounding the second electrode body.
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JPS55121275A (en) * 1979-03-13 1980-09-18 Showa Denko Kk Concentration cell applying graphite fiber layer intermediate compound
JPS60129662A (en) * 1983-12-17 1985-07-10 Norihiko Matsuzaki Solution concentration cell
JP2002151133A (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-24 Koken Kk How to collect electricity from organic polymer product waste
JP2006066284A (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Hitachi Kiden Kogyo Ltd Power generation method using excess sludge

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55121275A (en) * 1979-03-13 1980-09-18 Showa Denko Kk Concentration cell applying graphite fiber layer intermediate compound
JPS60129662A (en) * 1983-12-17 1985-07-10 Norihiko Matsuzaki Solution concentration cell
JP2002151133A (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-24 Koken Kk How to collect electricity from organic polymer product waste
JP2006066284A (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Hitachi Kiden Kogyo Ltd Power generation method using excess sludge

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