JP5496077B2 - Sound ray analyzer - Google Patents

Description

The reference example of the present invention relates to a noise measurement device, a noise measurement system, and a noise measurement method for measuring a noise level and recording or displaying the measured noise level data in association with position information of the measurement point of the noise level. .
The present invention also relates to a sound ray analyzing apparatus that predicts a qualitative contribution to noise from a high-pitched sound source by simulation using a sound ray theoretical formula.

  Environmental monitoring is being conducted for the purpose of investigating the impact of noise generated from noise sources in factories and business establishments on the surrounding environment. In this environmental monitoring, the noise level is measured periodically, for example, every several months, at predetermined noise measurement points set around a factory or business site.

In such environmental monitoring, normally, the noise level is not measured by permanently fixing the noise measurement device at the predetermined noise measurement point, but every time the noise level is measured every several months, A noise measuring device is installed at a predetermined noise measuring point, and the noise measuring device is removed each time the noise level measurement is completed.
Therefore, in order to measure the noise level over time for each noise measurement point over a long period of time, it is necessary to place a noise measurement device at the same point as the noise measurement point where the previous noise level was measured. However, since many of the noise measurement points in environmental monitoring are on roads outside the premises such as factories and business establishments, it is often impossible to install a surveying instrument or the like as a mark of the noise measurement points. For this reason, in the measurement of noise level in environmental monitoring, the approximate position of the noise measurement point is visually determined while referring to the map based on the structure around the noise measurement point and the characteristic topography. A noise measuring device is arranged at a position.

  However, the structure used as a reference for determining the position of the noise measurement point may be dismantled and removed during environmental monitoring over a long period of time. The reference for determining the position will be lost. Even if the noise measurement device is arranged by determining the approximate position of the noise measurement point based on the structure, characteristic terrain, or the like, the position of the noise measurement point inevitably varies every time. Furthermore, when there are no structures or characteristic topography around the noise measurement point, it is difficult to identify the noise measurement point.

On the other hand, when the sound generated from a high place, such as a chimney installed in the site of a power plant, is to grasp the qualitative contribution to the noise of the facility boundary or neighboring private houses, Numerical simulation prediction (noise prediction by sound ray analysis) is performed. Predictive parameters for such sound ray analysis are measured values of proximity noise near the smoke outlet, wind speed distribution estimated value and air temperature estimated value in the sound wave propagation path.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the estimated wind speed is measured near the smoke outlet (for example, at an altitude of 200 m), and the spatial wind speed distribution is estimated by a first-order approximation formula where the ground speed is 0 m / s. It is a thing.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the estimated value of the temperature is obtained by estimating the temperature distribution in the space using a first-order approximate expression using measured values measured at two points of 30 m above the ground and 1 m above the ground.

For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose noise measurement devices that perform noise level measurement in association with the position of the noise measurement device.
However, the noise measuring devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 measure the noise level and the distance from the noise source to be measured to the noise measuring device, and record or display them in association with each other. It is. Therefore, when this noise measurement device is used for environmental monitoring of the noise environment in the surroundings of the above-mentioned factories and business establishments, in order to identify the noise measurement point where the noise measurement device is located, As an object for measuring the distance, a standard such as a structure or a characteristic terrain is still required. Then, the distance from the reference structure or characteristic terrain to the noise measurement device is measured, and the noise measurement point is determined with reference to this distance.

  In addition, there is no known document relating to a sound ray analyzing apparatus that predicts a qualitative contribution to noise of a high-pitched sound source by a simulation using a sound ray theoretical formula.

JP 7-75086 A JP-A-7-190848

As described above, in the conventional noise measuring device and the noise measuring method using the same, it is difficult to accurately determine the noise measuring point because the position of the noise measuring device cannot be grasped quantitatively.
In addition, a noise measurement device is installed every time a noise level measurement is performed, and the noise measurement device is removed each time measurement is completed. There was a problem that the position changed. For this reason, when the data is reviewed after the measurement of the noise level, the noise data may not be consistent with the position information of the noise measurement point.

In the noise prediction based on the sound ray analysis of the sound generated from a high place, estimated values are used as the air temperature and the wind speed distribution in the sound wave propagation path. However, since the estimation accuracy of the air temperature and the wind speed distribution has not been verified, and therefore the estimation accuracy of the sound wave propagation prediction by sound ray analysis has not been verified, it is desired to further improve the accuracy of noise prediction.
The reference example of the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can easily and accurately identify a noise measurement point without using a standard such as a structure or characteristic terrain. The purpose is to provide a noise measurement device.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a sound ray analyzing apparatus that enables highly accurate prediction by making it possible to use measured values of temperature and wind speed for sound ray analysis (noise prediction) of sound generated from high places. With the goal.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.

A noise measuring device according to a first reference example of the present invention includes a sound level meter that measures a noise level, a satellite positioning device that measures the position of the sound level meter, and a noise level measured by the sound level meter. Is recorded and / or displayed in association with the position of the sound level meter measured by the satellite positioning device at the same time.

  According to this noise measurement device, the position of the sound level meter is measured by the satellite positioning device, so that the position of the sound level meter can be grasped quantitatively. Therefore, it is possible to easily and accurately identify the noise measurement point by the noise measurement device without using a standard such as a structure or characteristic terrain. In particular, when a noise measurement device is carried into a predetermined noise measurement point and the noise level is measured, the noise measurement device can be used as a noise measurement point without using standards such as structures and characteristic terrain. It is easy to install and measure the noise level accurately.

A noise measurement system according to a second reference example of the present invention includes a first satellite positioning device fixed at a predetermined reference point on the earth, and positioning the predetermined reference point over time by the first satellite positioning device. A fixed station having a first recording unit that records the reference point data obtained in association with time, a sound level meter that measures a noise level, and the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station A second satellite positioning device that measures the position of the sound level meter using a signal from the same artificial satellite that is used for positioning the reference point and obtaining the reference point data; and the noise measured by the sound level meter A mobile station having a second recording unit for recording the level in association with the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device and the time when the noise level was measured at the same time when the noise level was measured; It has.

  According to the noise measurement system, first, after the measurement of the noise level is completed, the data recorded in the first recording unit of the fixed station and the data recorded in the second recording unit of the mobile station are collected, By calculating the error included at each time by the reference point data recorded in association with the time in one recording unit, the noise level and the position of the sound level meter recorded in association with the time in the second recording unit are the same. Correction can be made by using the error of the reference point data at the time.

  This is because the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station locates the predetermined reference point and obtains reference point data, and the second satellite positioning device of the mobile station measures the position of the sound level meter. This is because the positioning error included in the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device at each time is equal to the positioning error included in the reference point data at the same time because the artificial satellites used in the above are common. Therefore, if the error included in the reference point data at each time is calculated and used, the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device can be corrected.

  Here, the correction of the position of the sound level meter is not performed during the measurement of the noise, but after the measurement of the noise is completed, the data recorded in the first recording unit of the fixed station and the second of the mobile station This is done by collecting the data recorded in the recording unit. For this reason, during the noise measurement, there is no need to transmit / receive data between the fixed station and the mobile station, so there is no need to connect the fixed station and the mobile station by radio or wire. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a fixed station and a mobile station with devices such as a transmitter and a receiver, and the noise measurement system can be configured simply and inexpensively.

Here, the error that the reference point data obtained by the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station positioning the predetermined reference point includes at each time can be calculated as follows.
That is, the predetermined reference point to which the first satellite positioning device is fixed is a point whose coordinates on the earth are known. Thereby, the difference of the reference point data at each time with respect to the known coordinates can be calculated as an error included in the reference point data at each time.
Alternatively, the predetermined reference point to which the first satellite positioning device is fixed may be a point whose coordinates on the earth are unknown. In this case, the average value of the reference point data obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point with time by the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station is calculated. The deviation of the reference point data at each time with respect to the average value of the reference point data can be calculated as an error included in the reference point data at each time.

A noise measurement system according to a third reference example of the present invention includes a first satellite positioning device fixed to a predetermined reference point on the earth, and positioning the predetermined reference point over time by the first satellite positioning device. A fixed station having a transmitter for transmitting an error of the reference point data obtained in this way, a sound level meter for measuring a noise level, and the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station measures the predetermined reference point. A second satellite positioning device for positioning the sound level meter using a signal from the same artificial satellite used to obtain the reference point data, and the reference transmitted from the transmitter of the fixed station. A receiver that receives an error of point data; a correction unit that corrects the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device using an error of the reference point data received by the receiver; and Noise level measured by a sound level meter And a mobile station having a recording display unit for recording and / or displayed in association with the position of the sound level meter corrected by the correcting unit Le.

In the noise measurement system according to the second reference example or the third reference example of the present invention, the first satellite positioning device and the second satellite positioning device may include the artificial satellite included in the signal from the artificial satellite. Using the orbit information, the artificial satellite used for positioning the predetermined reference point and the position of the sound level meter is selected, so that the second satellite positioning device can be used by the first satellite positioning device. It is preferable that it is possible to use a signal from the same artificial satellite used to obtain the reference point data by positioning the reference point.

In the noise measurement system according to the second reference example of the present invention, the coordinates on the earth of the predetermined reference point to which the first satellite positioning device is fixed are known, and the error of the reference point data is known. It is preferable that the difference between the reference point data at each time with respect to the coordinates.

Alternatively, in the noise measurement system according to the second reference example of the present invention, the error of the reference point data is the reference obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point over time by the first satellite positioning device. It is preferable that the deviation of the reference point data at each time with respect to the average value of the point data.

According to this noise measurement system, the transmitter of the fixed station calculates the difference of the reference point data with respect to the known coordinates of the predetermined reference point as an error of the reference point data. Alternatively, the transmitter of the fixed station calculates an average value of the reference point data obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point over time by the first satellite positioning device, and with respect to the average value of the reference point data, The deviation of the reference point data at each time is calculated as an error of the reference point data. The transmitter of the fixed station transmits this reference point data error.
In the mobile station, the error of the reference point data is received by the receiver. Furthermore, the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device can be corrected by the correction unit using the deviation of the reference point data at the same time.

  This is because the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station locates the predetermined reference point and obtains reference point data, and the second satellite positioning device of the mobile station measures the position of the sound level meter. Because the satellites used for the measurement are common, the measurement error included in the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device at each time is the positioning error included in the reference point data at the same time, that is, the reference point data. This is because it is equal to the deviation. Therefore, if the deviation of the reference point data at each time is calculated and used, the position of the sound level meter measured by the second satellite positioning device can be corrected.

  Here, transmission / reception of the reference point data between the transmitter of the fixed station and the receiver of the mobile station may be performed wirelessly using electromagnetic waves or the like, or may be performed by wire. When the reference point data is transmitted and received wirelessly, the mobile station can be easily moved without being affected by the position of the fixed station.

A noise measurement method according to a fourth reference example of the present invention is a noise measurement method using the noise measurement system according to the second reference example , and the predetermined reference to which the first satellite positioning device is fixed. The coordinates of the point on the earth are known, and the difference of the reference point data at each time with respect to the known coordinate is calculated as an error included in the reference point data at each time, and the second satellite of the mobile station The position of the sound level meter measured by a positioning device and recorded in the second recording unit in association with the noise level and time is corrected using an error of the reference point data at the same time.

Alternatively, a noise measurement method according to a fourth reference example of the present invention is a noise measurement method using the noise measurement system according to the second reference example, and is performed by the first satellite positioning device of the fixed station. An average value of the reference point data obtained by positioning a predetermined reference point with time and recorded in association with the time in the first recording unit is calculated, and each time with respect to the average value of the reference point data The deviation of the reference point data at is calculated as an error included in the reference point data at each time, is measured by the second satellite positioning device of the mobile station, and corresponds to the noise level and time in the second recording unit Then, the recorded position of the sound level meter is corrected using an error of the reference point data at the same time.

  According to this noise measurement method, after the noise measurement by the noise measurement system is completed, the position of the sound level meter recorded in the second recording unit of the mobile station is changed to the reference point recorded in the first recording unit of the fixed station. Correction can be easily performed using an error included in the data.

The sound ray analyzer according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a sound level meter that measures a noise level, a satellite positioning device that measures the position of the sound level meter, a temperature sensor that measures an air temperature, and a wind condition. A floating body capable of floating in the air without power, provided with a wind condition detection sensor that transmits the measured value acquired by the sound level meter, the satellite positioning device, the temperature sensor, and the wind condition detection sensor. A receiving device that receives the measured value transmitted from the transmitting device, and a sound ray analyzing unit that performs a numerical simulation based on a sound ray theory based on the measured value received by the receiving device.

  According to this sound ray analysis apparatus, the floating body portion that does not emit noise is levitated to a high place, so that the actual measurement value of the noise level of the sound generated from the high place is measured, and at the high place where the actual measurement value is measured. The measurement position (the position of the sound level meter) can be known by positioning with a satellite positioning device. In addition, the levitation body can obtain the actual measured values of the air temperature and wind conditions (wind speed and direction) at the noise level measurement position in high places. With respect to the air temperature and wind speed distribution in the propagation path, it is possible to perform highly accurate sound ray analysis using measured values.

A sound ray analyzing apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a satellite positioning device that measures the position of a sound source at an altitude, a temperature sensor that measures an air temperature, a wind condition detection sensor that measures a wind condition, and the satellite. A positioning device, a transmitting device that transmits measurement values acquired by the temperature sensor and the wind condition detection sensor, and a levitation body that can float without power in the air, and a measurement value transmitted from the transmission device. A receiving device for receiving, and a sound ray analyzing unit for performing a numerical simulation based on a sound ray theoretical formula based on the measured value received by the receiving device and the actually measured noise value of the high-pitched sound source.

  According to this sound ray analysis device, the levitated body part that does not emit noise is levitated at a high place, and as for the height measurement position where the proximity noise actual measurement value of the sound generated from the high place is measured in the same manner as in the past, The vicinity position can be known by positioning with a satellite positioning device. Furthermore, since the levitation body can obtain the actual measured values of the air temperature and wind conditions (wind speed and direction) in the vicinity of the measured position of the measured values of the proximity noise, the sound ray analysis unit not only has the noise level at the high place, With respect to the air temperature and the wind speed distribution in the sound wave propagation path, it is possible to perform highly accurate sound ray analysis using actually measured values.

Noise measurement apparatus of the above-mentioned reference example, noise measurement system, according to the sound ray analysis device of the noise measurement method and the present invention, since the position of the sound level meter is positioning by satellite positioning device, quantitatively the position of the sound level meter I can grasp it. Therefore, it is possible to easily and accurately identify a noise measurement point without using a standard such as a structure or characteristic terrain. In particular, when a noise measurement device is carried into a predetermined noise measurement point and the noise level is measured, the noise measurement device can be used as a noise measurement point without using standards such as structures and characteristic terrain. It is easy to install and measure the noise level accurately.

In addition, the sound ray analysis device that performs noise prediction by sound ray analysis of sound generated from a high-frequency sound source can use measured values as the air temperature and wind speed distribution of the sound wave propagation path, so the estimation accuracy has not been verified. It becomes possible to solve the problem and improve the noise prediction accuracy.
Furthermore, by comparing the noise prediction result predicted by the sound ray analyzer from the actual measured values of temperature and wind speed with the actual sound pressure level actually measured value, the noise prediction accuracy by the sound ray analyzer can be verified.

It is the schematic which shows the noise measuring device which concerns on the 1st reference example of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the noise measuring system and noise measuring method which concern on the 2nd reference example of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the noise measurement system which concerns on the 3rd reference example of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the sound ray analyzer which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the sound ray analyzer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the example of a sound ray characteristic in case temperature and a wind speed are uniform. It is a side view which shows the example of a sound ray characteristic in case temperature and a wind speed are uniform. It is a side view which shows the example of a sound ray characteristic when temperature and a wind speed are not uniform. It is a figure which shows an example of the estimated value obtained from a primary approximation formula about the air temperature and wind speed distribution of a sound wave propagation path.

Hereinafter, reference examples and embodiments of a noise measurement device, a noise measurement system, a noise measurement method, and a sound ray analysis device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Reference Example]
As shown in FIG. 1, a noise measuring device 1 according to this reference example is integrated with a sound level meter 11 for measuring a noise level, a GPS (Global Positioning System) device (satellite positioning device) 12, and a sound level meter 11. And a recording display unit.
The GPS device 12 is connected to the sound level meter 11 with a cable 13. The sound level meter 11 and the GPS device 12 are each fixed to a tripod. The tripod for fixing the sound level meter 11 and the tripod for fixing the GPS unit 12 are arranged close to each other so that the GPS device 12 can determine the position of the sound level meter 11.

  As the GPS device 12, a general-purpose GPS unit including a GPS antenna and a GPS receiver is used. Instead of this, a GPS unit of a higher accuracy DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) may be used.

In a recording display unit (not shown) integrated with the sound level meter 11, the noise level measured by the sound level meter 11 corresponds to the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the GPS device 12 at the same time when the noise level is measured. And record. That is, at the same time that the sound level is measured by the sound level meter 11, the position (longitude, latitude, and altitude) of the sound level meter 11 is determined by the GPS device 12. The noise level and the position of the sound level meter 11 are recorded in association with each other by the recording display unit.
The recording display unit includes a display composed of an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like, and the noise level measured by the sound level meter 11 and the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the GPS device 12 are displayed in association with each other. Is done.

According to the noise measurement device 1 according to the first reference example , the position of the sound level meter 11 is measured by the GPS device 12, and therefore the position of the sound level meter 11 can be quantitatively grasped. That is, the position of the sound level meter 11 can be grasped as the numerical values of longitude, latitude, and altitude.
Therefore, it is possible to easily and accurately identify a noise measurement point by the noise measurement device 1 without using a standard such as a structure or characteristic terrain. In particular, when the noise measurement device 1 is carried into a predetermined noise measurement point and noise is measured, the recording display unit can be used without using a reference mark such as a structure or a characteristic terrain. While confirming the displayed position of the sound level meter 11, the noise measuring device 1 can be accurately installed at the noise measuring point, and the noise level can be easily measured.

[Second Reference Example]
As shown in FIG. 2, the noise measurement system 3 according to the second reference example includes a fixed station 2 that is fixed on a point whose coordinates (longitude, latitude, and altitude) are known, and the noise measurement device 1 according to the first reference example. And a mobile station 1 having substantially the same configuration.

  The fixed station 2 includes a first GPS device (first satellite positioning device) 21 and a logger (first recording unit) 22. The first GPS device 21 is fixed to a tripod. During the measurement of noise by the noise measurement system 3, the tripod for fixing the first GPS device 21 is installed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are known so as to remain stationary. Thereby, during the measurement of noise by the noise measurement system 3, the first GPS device 21 is kept fixed at a predetermined reference point (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) on the earth. The first GPS device 21 is connected to the logger 22 by a cable 23.

The mobile station 1 includes a sound level meter 11 that measures a noise level and a second GPS device (second satellite positioning device) 12. Further, the mobile station 1 has a second recording unit (not shown) integrated with the sound level meter 11 instead of the recording display unit of the noise measuring device 1 of the first reference example .
The second GPS device 12 is connected to the sound level meter 11 with a cable 13. The sound level meter 11 and the GPS device 12 are each fixed to a tripod. The tripod for fixing the sound level meter 11 and the tripod for fixing the second GPS unit 12 are arranged close to each other so that the second GPS device 12 can determine the position of the sound level meter 11.

  As the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and the GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1, general-purpose GPS units each having a GPS antenna and a GPS receiver are used. Instead, a higher-accuracy DGPS method is used. A GPS unit may be used.

  The first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 measures the predetermined reference point (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) over time. Although the coordinates of the predetermined reference point are unchanged, the reference point data obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point by the first GPS device 21 includes a positioning error and becomes data that fluctuates slightly in time series. The reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) including this error is output in association with the time. The logger 22 records the reference point data output from the first GPS device 21 in association with the time.

  The second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 receives a signal from the same GPS satellite (artificial satellite) that the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 uses to determine the predetermined reference point and obtain reference point data. Using, the position (latitude and longitude) of the sound level meter 11 is measured.

When the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 measures the position of the sound level meter 11, it is the same as that used by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 to obtain the reference point data by positioning the predetermined reference point. The signal from the GPS satellite is used for the following reason.
There are currently about 31 GPS satellites orbiting the earth, and can receive radio waves from about seven GPS devices at one point on the earth. Ordinary GPS devices select about four of the seven GPS satellites having strong radio field intensity, and perform positioning using radio waves from the four GPS satellites having strong radio field intensity. ing.

Here, when positioning is performed with two GPS devices at the same point on the earth, about four GPS satellites used by each GPS device for positioning do not always match. When the GPS satellites used for positioning by the two GPS devices do not match, it is known that an error of about several meters to several tens of meters occurs between the positioning results of the two GPS devices. This is because if the GPS satellites used for positioning are different, the positions of the GPS satellites are naturally different, and the results of performing the triangulation with reference to the GPS satellites at different positions are also different.
However, if the GPS satellites used for positioning by the two GPS devices match, such an error does not occur. Therefore, when the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 measures the position of the sound level meter 11, the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 is used for positioning the predetermined reference point to obtain reference point data. The signal from the same GPS satellite is used.

Each GPS satellite orbits a predetermined orbit at a predetermined revolution period. Therefore, the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 calculate and determine which of these GPS satellites can receive a signal at each time. Each function is built-in. Specifically, it is as follows.
Each GPS satellite is a signal including rough orbit information (almanac data) of all GPS satellites updated about every six days and detailed orbit information (ephemeris data) of the GPS satellite itself updated about every 90 minutes. Is transmitted to the ground with radio waves at a cycle of 30 seconds. The first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 use these approximate orbit information and detailed orbit information to calculate the orbit of each GPS satellite at the time of positioning, and the same GPS Positioning is performed using signals from satellites. As a result, the GPS satellite signal used by the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 to measure the position of the sound level meter 11 and the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 determine the predetermined reference point at the same time. The GPS satellite signal used to obtain the reference point data is the same.

The second recording unit integrated with the sound level meter 11 of the mobile station 1 determines the noise level measured by the sound level meter 11 and the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 at the same time when the noise level is measured. And this noise level is recorded in association with the measured time.
Here, signals from GPS satellites received by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 include time data from an atomic clock mounted on the GPS satellite. Using this time data, the time held and output by the first GPS device 21 and the second GPS device 12 is always kept accurate. As a result, the time recorded by the logger 22 of the fixed station 2 in association with the reference point data and the time recorded by the second recording unit of the mobile station 1 in association with the noise level and the position of the sound level meter 11 are always Accurate and in sync with each other.

  When the noise measurement using the noise measurement system 3 is completed, first, the data recorded in the logger 22 of the fixed station 2 and the data recorded in the second recording unit of the mobile station 1 are collected. Then, predetermined points of reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) at each time which are measured with time by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and recorded in the logger 22 in association with the time are predetermined. The difference (ΔX = X′−X, ΔY = Y′−Y, ΔZ = Z′−Z) with respect to known coordinates (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) of Calculated as the error including. Further, the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 and recorded in association with the noise level and time in the second recording unit is used as the error (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) is used for correction.

Alternatively, the fixed station 2 may not be fixed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are known, but may be fixed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are unknown.
In this case, when the noise measurement using the noise measurement system 3 is completed, first, the data recorded in the logger 22 of the fixed station 2 and the data recorded in the second recording unit of the mobile station 1 are collected. To do. Then, the average value (X, L) of the reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) measured by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 and recorded in the logger 22 in association with the time. Y, Z) is calculated, and the deviation (ΔX = X′−X, ΔY = Y′−Y, ΔZ = Z′−Z) of the reference point data at each time with respect to the average value of the reference point data is It is calculated as an error included in the reference point data at the time. Further, the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 and recorded in association with the noise level and time in the second recording unit is used as the error (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) is used for correction.

According to the noise measurement system 3 according to the second reference example, the same effect as the noise measurement apparatus 1 according to the first exemplary embodiment is obtained.
Further, according to the noise measurement system 3 according to the second reference example , as described above, after the noise measurement is completed, the data recorded in the logger 22 of the fixed station 2 and the second recording unit of the mobile station 1 are recorded. The reference point data recorded in the logger 22 calculates an error included at each time, and the noise level and the position of the sound level meter recorded in association with the noise level and time are recorded in the second recording unit. The error can be corrected by using the error included in the reference point data at the same time.

  This is because the GPS satellite used by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2 to obtain the reference point data by positioning the predetermined reference point, and the position of the sound level meter 11 by the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1 are measured. This is because the GPS satellites used for the measurement are the same, and the positioning error included in the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 at each time is equal to the positioning error included in the reference point data at the same time. . Therefore, if the error of the reference point data at each time is calculated and used, the position of the sound level meter measured by the second GPS device 12 can be corrected.

  Here, the correction of the position of the sound level meter 11 is not performed during the measurement of the noise, but after the measurement of the noise is completed, the data recorded in the logger 22 of the fixed station 2 and the first of the mobile station 1 are corrected. 2 The data recorded in the recording unit is collected. For this reason, it is not necessary to transmit and receive data between the fixed station 2 and the mobile station 1 during noise measurement, and therefore it is necessary to connect the fixed station 2 and the mobile station 1 by radio or wire. There is no. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the fixed station 2 and the mobile station 1 with devices such as a transmitter and a receiver, and the noise measurement system 3 that can measure the position of the sound level meter with high accuracy can be configured simply and inexpensively. it can.

[Third reference example]
As shown in FIG. 3, the noise measurement system 3A according to the third reference example is similar to the noise measurement system 3 according to the second reference example , and the mobile station 1A and points where the coordinates (longitude, latitude, and altitude) are known. And a fixed station 2A fixed on the top.

The fixed station 2 </ b> A of this reference example includes a first GPS device (first satellite positioning device) 21 and a transmitter 24. The first GPS device 21 and the transmitter 24 are fixed to a tripod. During the measurement of noise by the noise measurement system 3A, the tripod for fixing the first GPS device 21 is installed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are known so as to remain stationary. Thereby, during the noise measurement by the noise measurement system 3A, the first GPS device 21 is maintained in a fixed state at predetermined reference points (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) on the earth. The transmitter 24 is connected to the first GPS device 21 by a cable 25.

The mobile station 1 </ b> A has a sound level meter 11 that measures a noise level, a second GPS device (second satellite positioning device) 12, and a receiver 14. Further, the mobile station 1A has a correction unit and a recording display unit (not shown) integrated with the sound level meter 11, instead of the second recording unit of the mobile station 1 of the noise measurement system 3 of the second reference example . . The second GPS device 12 is connected to the sound level meter 11 with a cable 13, and the receiver 14 is connected to the sound level meter 11 with a cable 15.
The sound level meter 11 is fixed to one tripod, and the GPS device 12 and the receiver 14 are fixed to the other tripod. The tripod for fixing the sound level meter 11 and the tripod for fixing the second GPS unit 12 are arranged close to each other so that the second GPS device 12 can determine the position of the sound level meter 11.

  As the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2A and the GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1A, general-purpose GPS units each equipped with a GPS antenna and a GPS receiver are used. Instead, a more accurate DGPS method is used. A GPS unit may be used.

  The first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2A measures the predetermined reference point (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) over time. Although the coordinates of the predetermined reference point are unchanged, the reference point data obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point by the first GPS device 21 includes a positioning error and becomes data that fluctuates slightly in time series. The reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) including this error is output in association with the time.

  The transmitter 24 of the fixed station 2A has the reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) at each time obtained by positioning the predetermined reference point with time by the first GPS device 21. Differences (ΔX = X′−X, ΔY = Y′−Y, ΔZ = Z′−Z) with respect to known coordinates (longitude X, latitude Y, altitude Z) of a predetermined reference point are used as errors in the reference point data. Calculate and send.

Alternatively, the fixed station 2A may not be fixed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are known, but may be fixed on a point where the longitude, latitude, and altitude are unknown.
In this case, an average value (X, Y, Z) of the reference point data (longitude X ′, latitude Y ′, altitude Z ′) measured with time by the first GPS device 21 is calculated, and the reference point data The deviation (ΔX = X′−X, ΔY = Y′−Y, ΔZ = Z′−Z) of the reference point data at each time with respect to the average value is calculated as an error of the reference point data and transmitted.

The second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1A uses a signal from the same GPS satellite used by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2A to obtain the reference point data by positioning the predetermined reference point. A total of 11 positions (longitude, latitude and altitude) are measured.
The GPS satellite signal used for positioning the position of the sound level meter 11 by the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1A and the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2A determine the predetermined reference point at the same time, and reference point data. The mechanism by which the GPS satellite signals used to obtain the same is the same as shown in the second reference example .

The receiver 14 of the mobile station 1A receives the error of the reference point data transmitted from the transmitter 24 of the fixed station 2A.
The correction unit integrated with the sound level meter uses the error 11 (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) of the reference point data received by the receiver 14 at the same time as the position 11 of the sound level meter measured by the second GPS device 12. Correct.

  The recording display unit integrated with the sound level meter 11 measures the noise level measured by the sound level meter 11 at the same time as the noise level is measured, and the position of the sound level meter 11 corrected by the correction unit. And record it. That is, the noise level is measured by the sound level meter 11 and, at the same time, the position (longitude, latitude, and altitude) of the sound level meter 11 is determined by the GPS device 12. The noise level and the corrected position of the sound level meter 11 are recorded in association with each other by the recording display unit. The recording display unit includes a display composed of an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like, and the noise level measured by the sound level meter 11 and the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the GPS device 12 are displayed in association with each other. Is done.

According to the noise measurement system 3A according to the third reference example, the same effect as the noise measurement apparatus 1 according to the first exemplary embodiment is obtained.
Further, according to the noise measurement system 3A according to the third reference example , the transmitter 24 of the fixed station 2A calculates and transmits an error of the reference point data. In the mobile station 1 </ b> A, the receiver 14 receives the error of the reference point data. Furthermore, the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 can be corrected by the correction unit using the error of the reference point data at the same time.

  This is because the GPS satellite used by the first GPS device 21 of the fixed station 2A to obtain the reference point data by positioning the predetermined reference point, and the second GPS device 12 of the mobile station 1A measures the position of the sound level meter 11. Because the GPS satellite used for the measurement is common, the measurement error included in the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 at each time is equal to the positioning error included in the reference point data at the same time. It is. Therefore, if the deviation of the reference point data at each time is calculated and used, the position of the sound level meter 11 measured by the second GPS device 12 can be corrected.

  Here, transmission / reception of the reference point data between the transmitter of the fixed station and the receiver of the mobile station may be performed wirelessly using electromagnetic waves or the like, or may be performed by wire. When the reference point data is transmitted and received wirelessly, the mobile station can be easily moved without being affected by the position of the fixed station.

[First Embodiment]
The sound ray analysis device 30 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a device that performs noise prediction by sound ray analysis for sound generated from a high place such as a chimney 50, for example. In other words, the sound ray analysis device 30 is a device that predicts the qualitative contribution to the noise of a high-pitched sound source by simulating with a well-known sound ray theoretical formula. In the following description, the same parts as those in the above-described reference examples are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

Here, the sound ray theory (sound ray density) will be briefly described.
It is known that sound waves are transmitted in the direction perpendicular to the wavefront. For example, sound waves radiated from a point sound source are transmitted in a spherical shape around the sound source. The sound wave transmission direction is called a sound ray, and the sound pressure is proportional to the sound ray density. Therefore, it is possible to predict the sound pressure distribution in the space by tracking the sound ray.

The sound ray analysis device 30 of this embodiment includes a levitation body portion 31 that can be levitated without power in the air, and a sound ray analysis portion 40 that performs a numerical simulation using a sound ray theoretical formula.
The levitation body 31 has a balloon 32 that can be floated in the air by filling a gas lighter than air, such as helium gas, for example, and does not generate operating noise such as an engine or an electric motor. The balloon 32 includes a sound level meter 11 that measures the noise level, a GPS device 12 that measures the position of the sound level meter 11, a temperature sensor 33 that measures the ambient air temperature, and a wind condition detection sensor that measures the wind condition. 34 and a transmitter 35 that transmits the measurement values acquired by the sound level meter 11, the GPS device 12, the temperature sensor 33, and the wind condition detection sensor 34 are provided.

In addition, a battery (not shown) is mounted as an appropriate power source for the sound level meter 11, the GPS device 12, the temperature sensor 33, the wind condition detection sensor 34, and the transmission device 35 at an appropriate place of the balloon 32.
The balloon 32 is supported by, for example, a cable 36 and can float up to a desired altitude. The balloon 32 floats up to the vicinity of the upper end exit of the chimney 50 serving as a sound source at a high place, and various data (noise level, air temperature, Acquire actual measurement values such as wind speed and direction). Simultaneously with this data acquisition, the coordinates (longitude, latitude, and altitude) of the position data measured by the GPS device 12 are acquired along with the time for the position near the sound source from which the data was acquired.

Various data acquired in this way is transmitted by the transmission device 35 to the reception device 41 of the sound ray analysis unit 40 together with the position data and the time. In addition, the code | symbol 41a in the figure has shown the receiving antenna of the receiver 41. FIG.
Various data and position data received by the receiving device 41 are input to a sound ray analysis calculation unit 42 that performs numerical simulation using a sound ray theoretical formula. That is, the sound ray analysis unit 40 receives a measurement value transmitted from the transmission device 35, and a sound ray analysis calculation that performs a numerical simulation based on a sound ray theory based on the measurement value received by the reception device 41. Part 42. Although not shown in the drawings, the sound ray analysis calculation unit 42 is appropriately provided with switches and input devices for performing various operations, a recording display unit including a display such as an LCD, and the like.

  The sound ray analysis device 30 can accurately measure the actual measurement value by the sound level meter 11 with respect to the noise level of the sound generated from the high place, because the levitating body portion 31 that does not generate noise floats at the high place. . Simultaneously with the acquisition of the actual noise measurement value, it is possible to know the position by measuring the measurement position at the height where the actual measurement value was measured, that is, the position GPS device 12 of the sound level meter 11.

  Further, the levitation body 31 can also acquire the measured values of the wind speed and the direction of the wind along with the air temperature at substantially the same position as the noise level measurement position at the height where the measured value of the noise level is acquired. As a result, the sound ray analysis calculation unit 42 of the sound ray analysis unit 40 measures not only the noise level at a high place but also the air temperature and the wind speed distribution of the sound wave propagation path from the sound source at the high place to the noise prediction position. High-accuracy sound ray analysis using values can be performed. In other words, if the noise level is simultaneously measured when measuring the temperature and the wind speed, it is possible to perform noise prediction that quantitatively evaluates the noise level at the noise level evaluation point.

Hereinafter, noise prediction will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 is a plan view showing an example of sound ray characteristics when the temperature and wind speed are uniform, FIG. 7 is a side view showing an example of sound ray characteristics when the temperature and wind speed are uniform, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example of sound ray characteristics when the wind speed is not uniform, and is obtained from the air temperature and the wind speed distribution by the sound ray theoretical formula.
In this case, there is a sound source of sound power level _{L W,} a distance _{r 0} and _r sound pressure level _{L p0} and _{L p1} in ₁ in the case of uniformly emitted in all directions, the following equation (1) and (2) Is required.

Here, n represents the number of sound rays radiated from the sound source at an equal angle θ, and S ₀ and S ₁ represent passage areas per sound ray.
The areas S ₀ and S ₁ are expressed by the following mathematical formulas (3) and (4) when the acoustic radiation is considered as two-dimensional.

Substituting Equations (3) and (4) into Equations (1) and (2) gives the following Equations (1) ′ and (2) ′.

If the noise level measured simultaneously when measuring the temperature and wind speed is L _p0 and the noise level of the noise evaluation point is L _p1 , the noise level of the noise evaluation point is _calculated from Equations (1) ′ and (2) ′. L _p1 is represented by the following mathematical formula (5). Therefore, the noise prediction of the noise evaluation point can be performed by the equation (5).

Since the above r ₀ θ and r ₁ θ correspond to l ₀ and l ₁ in FIG. 8, the measured noise level L _p0 , the inter-ray ray distance l ₀ near the measured point, and the acoustic line near the noise evaluation point By obtaining the distance l ₁ , the noise level L _{p1 at} the noise evaluation point can be predicted. In FIG. 8, it is assumed that the air temperature, the wind speed, and the sound pressure level are measured at a distance indicated by a broken line.
Therefore, the sound ray analysis device 30 that performs noise prediction by sound ray analysis of sound generated from a sound source at a high place can use the actually measured values as the air temperature and the wind speed distribution of the sound wave propagation path, so the estimation accuracy is not verified. It is possible to improve the noise prediction accuracy by eliminating this problem. In addition, the noise prediction accuracy predicted by the sound ray analyzer can be verified by comparing the noise prediction results predicted by the sound ray analyzer from the measured values of temperature and wind speed with the actually measured sound pressure level. Become.

[Second Embodiment]
The sound ray analyzing apparatus 30A according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5 performs sound ray analysis on sound generated from a high place such as a chimney 50, for example, in the same manner as the sound ray analyzing apparatus 30 of the first embodiment described above. This is a device that performs noise prediction. That is, the sound ray analysis device 30A is a device that predicts by simulating a qualitative contribution to the noise of a high-pitched sound source by a well-known sound ray theoretical formula. In addition, in the following description, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part similar to each reference example and embodiment mentioned above, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
Unlike the above-described sound ray analysis device 30, the sound ray analysis device 30A does not include the sound level meter 11.

That is, the sound ray analysis device 30A of the present embodiment includes a GPS device 12 that measures the position of a sound source at a high place, a temperature sensor 33 that measures an air temperature, a wind condition detection sensor 34 that measures a wind condition, and a GPS device. 12, a floating body portion 31A provided with a transmission device 35 for transmitting the measurement values acquired by the temperature sensor 33 and the wind condition detection sensor 34 is provided. The levitation body portion 31A is supported by a cable 36 with a balloon 32 that can be levitated without power in the air as a main body.
On the other hand, the sound ray analysis unit 40 is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and includes a receiving device 41 that receives a measurement value transmitted from the transmission device 35, and a measurement value and a high value received by the receiving device 41. And a sound ray analysis calculation unit 42 that performs numerical simulation based on a sound ray theoretical formula based on the actual noise measurement value of the sound source.

The sound ray analyzing apparatus 30A configured as described above is a high-frequency measuring unit for measuring the proximity noise of sound generated from a high place in the same manner as in the past because the levitation body 31A that does not emit noise floats at a high place. As for the place measurement position, its position in the vicinity can be measured by the GPS device 12 and known.
That is, since the sound ray analyzing apparatus 30A does not include the sound level meter 11, instead of the actual noise value measured by the sound level meter 11, the near field noise actual value is measured by a method similar to the conventional method. It inputs into the analysis part 40 and performs a sound ray analysis.

Furthermore, since the levitation body 31A can acquire the measured values of the air temperature, the wind speed, and the wind direction in the vicinity of the measurement position of the measured value of the proximity noise, the sound ray analysis unit 40 to which the measured values are input has the first implementation described above. In the same manner as in the embodiment , not only the noise level at a high place but also the air temperature and the wind speed distribution in the sound wave propagation path can be subjected to highly accurate sound ray analysis using measured values.
Therefore, the sound ray analyzing apparatus 30A that performs noise prediction by sound ray analysis of sound generated from a sound source at a high place can use the actually measured values as the air temperature and the wind speed distribution of the sound wave propagation path, and thus the estimation accuracy is not verified. It is possible to improve the noise prediction accuracy by eliminating this problem. In addition, the noise prediction accuracy predicted by the sound ray analyzer can be verified by comparing the noise prediction results predicted by the sound ray analyzer from the measured values of temperature and wind speed with the actually measured sound pressure level. Become.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, the specific structure is not restricted to this embodiment, The design change etc. of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention are included. For example, as the satellite positioning device, in addition to a device using GPS, a device using GLONASS being built by Russia, Galileo being built by Europe or the like, a quasi-zenith system being planned by Japan, or the like can be considered.

1 Noise measurement device (mobile station)
2,2A fixed station 3,3A noise measurement system 11 sound level meter, recording display unit, second recording unit, correction unit 12 satellite positioning device (second satellite positioning device)
14 Receiver 21 First satellite positioning device 22 First recording unit (logger)
24 Transmitter 30, 30A Sound ray analysis device 31, 31A Floating body portion 32 Balloon 33 Temperature sensor 34 Wind condition sensor 35 Transmitter device 40 Sound ray analysis portion 41 Receiver device 42 Sound ray analysis calculation portion

Claims (2)

A sound level meter that measures a noise level, a satellite positioning device that measures the position of the sound level meter, a temperature sensor that measures an air temperature, a wind state detection sensor that measures a wind state, the noise level meter, and the satellite positioning device A buoyant body part that is provided with a transmitting device that transmits measurement values acquired by the temperature sensor and the wind condition detection sensor and can float in the air without power,
A sound ray analysis device comprising: a reception device that receives a measurement value transmitted from the transmission device; and a sound ray analysis unit that performs a numerical simulation based on a sound ray theory based on the measurement value received by the reception device. Acquired by a satellite positioning device that measures the position of a high-altitude sound source, a temperature sensor that measures the air temperature, a wind condition detection sensor that measures the wind condition, and the satellite positioning device, the temperature sensor, and the wind condition detection sensor. A levitation body portion that is provided with a transmission device that transmits measurement values and can float in the air without power,
A receiving device that receives the measurement value transmitted from the transmission device; and a sound ray analysis unit that performs a numerical simulation based on a sound ray theory based on the measurement value received by the receiving device and the actual noise measurement value of the high-pitched sound source A sound ray analyzer comprising:

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