JP5504075B2 - Air spring with stopper - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring with a stopper, and more specifically, from an upper support portion on a vehicle body side, a lower support portion on a cart side disposed below the upper support portion, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both of them. And the upper support member disposed in the diaphragm as the compression amount in the vertical direction of the diaphragm becomes a predetermined value. The present invention relates to an air spring with a stopper equipped with a lowering restricting means that comes into contact with a lower stop member and restricts excessive lowering movement of the upper support part.

  In general, the air spring is used as a suspension device and a vibration isolator, but may be used as a vehicle height adjusting device by taking air into and out of the diaphragm. For example, in an air spring used for a railway vehicle carriage, the height position of the vehicle is adjusted in order to facilitate getting on and off the platform, or power is supplied from the ground track running state where power is supplied from the pantograph and from below the side of the vehicle. For example, the vehicle height may be changed depending on the underground track running state. Further, when the tread surface of the worn wheel is shaved again and the diameter is reduced, the vehicle height is lowered. Therefore, the height of the vehicle is returned to the original position by pressurizing the diaphragm.

  The compression limit (stroke limit) in a normal air spring with a stopper is determined by the contact between the upper support portion and the lower support portion. Therefore, simply changing the working height of the diaphragm when adjusting the vehicle height results in a different amount of compression displacement for each working height, which may reduce the function of the air spring as a vibration isolator. .

  For such vehicle height adjustment, conventionally, in order to keep the compression stroke of the air spring constant after vehicle height adjustment (to eliminate characteristic changes due to stroke fluctuation), the position of the mounting surface between the air spring and the carriage In general, a method of returning the vehicle height through a shim that raises the vehicle height is employed. However, the method of lifting the entire air spring using the shim requires the air spring to be temporarily removed from the carriage for mounting the shim, which is cumbersome.

  The air spring with stopper disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which the stroke of the diaphragm is set to increase or decrease by relative rotation of two stopper members with the support portion side as the upper support portion side. Can be considered to be accommodated in the diaphragm in advance. However, even in the air spring disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to temporarily remove the air spring from the vehicle body and perform the rotation operation of the stopper member because of the structure. Therefore, the height adjustment is complicated.

JP 9-89029 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring with a stopper which is improved so that the height adjustment of the stopper accompanying the height adjustment by supplying / discharging air to / from the diaphragm can be easily performed as compared with the prior art.

The invention according to claim 1 includes an upper support portion 1 on the vehicle body side, a lower support portion 2 on the cart side disposed below the upper support portion 1, and a diaphragm 3 made of an elastic material provided over both of them 1 and 2. And the upper support portion 1 disposed in the diaphragm 3 as the compression amount in the vertical direction of the diaphragm 3 reaches a predetermined value. In the air spring with a stopper equipped with a lowering restriction means S in which the lower support member 2 is in contact with the lower stop member 15 of the wrinkle and the excessive lowering movement of the upper support part 1 is restricted,
A height adjusting device 12 for adjusting and setting the compression amount by steplessly changing the height position of one of the upper stop member 5 and the lower stop member 15, and the one stop An operation mechanism 13 that enables an operation of changing and adjusting the height position of the member 15 on the outside of the diaphragm 3 is provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the air spring with a stopper according to the first aspect, the height adjusting device 12 supports the one stop member 15 of the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2. A driving side member 14 supported so as to be movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the one supporting portion 2 that
The one stop member 15 supported by the one support portion 2 so as to be movable in the vertical direction;
The drive side member 14 and the one stop member 15 are moved in an intermediate direction between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so that the one stop member 15 moves in the vertical direction as the drive side member 14 moves in the horizontal direction. An inclined component force mechanism 18 slidably abutting between inclined surfaces 14k, 15k facing the
It is characterized by having.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the air spring with a stopper according to the second aspect, the driving-side member 14 can be moved closer to each other or moved away from each other. A pair of slide members 14A, 14B supported by a certain lower support portion 15, and a pair of the inclined surfaces 14k, 14k formed so that the slide members 14A, 14B face each other, the one stop member The inclined component force mechanism 18 is constructed by placing inclined surfaces 15k, 15k formed on both end portions of the lower stop member 15 which is 15, straddling across the inclined surfaces 15k, 15k.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the air spring with a stopper according to the third aspect, the pair of slide members 14A, 14B is mounted on the dish-like lower support portion 2 so as to be turnable on the plate-like lower support portion 2. A handle for rotating the penetrating tip 16c that passes through the lower support portion 2 of the screw shaft 16 and is screwed into the forward screw portion 16a and the reverse screw portion 16b. The operation mechanism 13 is configured by providing 19.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the air spring with a stopper according to the fourth aspect, the penetrating tip 16c and the operation shaft 19a having the handle 19 are interlocked and connected by a cross shaft gear mechanism or a staggered gear mechanism 17. It is characterized by that.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, as described in detail in the section of the embodiment, the height regulating device for the lowering restricting means is provided while the lowering restricting means and the height adjusting device are compactly provided inside the diaphragm. Since the air spring can be operated outside the diaphragm, it is possible to switch the height of the stopper means without hindering the function of the air spring without removing the air spring from the vehicle or carriage, and it is easy to handle. It has become a thing. And since the height adjustment device can change the height position of one stop member steplessly, the increase / decrease adjustment of the vehicle height position depending on various conditions and the switching between the pantograph power supply state and the vehicle side lower power supply state There is an advantage that the height can be arbitrarily adjusted in response to various adjustments such as a vehicle height change by the vehicle or a vehicle height adjustment by reshaping the wheel tread. As a result, it is possible to provide an air spring with a stopper which is improved so that the height adjustment of the stopper accompanying the height adjustment by supplying and discharging air to the diaphragm can be performed more simply and conveniently than in the past.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since the height adjusting device uses an inclined component force mechanism in which the driving side member and one stop member are slidably brought into contact with each other between the inclined surfaces, The stop member can be moved up and down without changing the horizontal position, and the contact condition with the other stop member can be made constant regardless of the height adjustment of one stop member. There are advantages you can do.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the drive side member is composed of a pair of slide members that move far and away from each other, and the inclined surfaces of the one stop member straddle the inclined surfaces of the slide members. Has been. Therefore, the lateral loads due to the tilt component force mechanism cancel each other and cancel each other, so that no unnecessary lateral force is generated due to height adjustment, and the height position of one stop member is changed in a balanced manner. Therefore, it is possible to provide an air spring with a stopper that can be used.

  According to the invention of claim 4, the pair of slide members are distributed and screwed into the forward and reverse screw portions of the screw shaft installed on the lower support portion, and the penetrating tip portion from the lower support portion of the screw shaft is fitted. Since the operating mechanism is configured by rotating the handle, the height position of one stop member is obtained by moving the pair of slide members in the distance by a simple and convenient handle operation from the outside of the diaphragm 3. Change adjustment can be performed easily.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the penetrating tip and the operation shaft having the handle are interlocked and connected by the cross shaft gear mechanism or the staggered gear mechanism, the handle disposed outside the diaphragm is arranged in the horizontal direction. There is an advantage that it is possible to provide an air spring with a stopper that can be disposed in different directions such as the vertical direction and the front-rear direction with respect to the extending screw shaft, and that is easier to handle and is excellent in handleability.

Sectional drawing of the front view which shows the structure of the air spring with a stopper for railway vehicles (Example 1) Sectional drawing which shows after adjustment of the descent | fall control height of the air spring with a stopper of FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air spring with a stopper according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings when applied to a railway vehicle.

[Example 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air spring A with a stopper for a railway vehicle according to the first embodiment includes an outer cylinder (an example of an upper support portion on the vehicle body) 1 and an inner cylinder (cart) disposed below the outer cylinder One side lower support portion) 2 and an air spring portion a made up of a rubber (an example of an elastic material) diaphragm (bellows) 3 disposed over both 1 and 2, and the inner cylinder 2 A laminated rubber part b as an elastic part is interposed between the top and bottom of the base 4 on the carriage side.

  The outer cylinder 1 includes a main body 1A made of a substantially deep dish-shaped circular steel plate integrally having a side peripheral wall 1a, a cylindrical bead holding ring 1b fixed to the lower surface thereof, and a support fixed to the center of the main body 1A. It is comprised from the axis | shaft 1c etc. A rubber ring guide 1d is provided at the lower part of the inner surface of the side peripheral wall 1a. A support shaft 1c having a vertical axis (vertical axis) P is supported by a vehicle body (not shown) such as a passenger car, and is fixed in a state where it is inserted into the central hole of the main body 1A. Is provided with a flat cylindrical upper stop member 5 made of an elastic material such as rubber in a state extending over the lower surface of the central portion of the main body 1A. The outer periphery of the main body 1A is configured in such a manner that the diaphragm 3 is guided and surrounded from the inner peripheral surface of the main body 1A to the inner surface of the side peripheral wall 1a. Is supported by fitting.

  The inner cylinder 2 includes a metal upper disc 2A having an inner flange 2a, a thick outer peripheral portion 2b, and a thin ring inner plate 2c, and an upper flange plate 2B on which the upper disc 2A is mounted and bolted and integrated. A rubber retaining ring 6 is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion 2b. The lower bead portion 3b of the diaphragm 3 is fitted and supported on the outer peripheral portion 2b so as to cover the retaining ring 6 and to be regulated by the inner flange 2a.

  The pedestal 4 is formed by a cylindrical shaft 7 having the same vertical axis P as the support shaft 1c, and a flange plate 8 fitted and integrated with the upper portion of the cylindrical shaft 7, and the cylindrical shaft 7 is a bogie frame ( (Not shown). The laminated rubber part b is formed by integrating a plurality of cylindrical elastic rubber layers 9 and metal plates 10 alternately between the upper and lower flange plates 8 of the base 4 and the upper flange plate 2B of the inner cylinder 2. It is hollow and has a known structure.

  As the amount of compression of the diaphragm 3 in the vertical direction reaches a predetermined value K, the upper support member 5 and the lower support member 15 that are both disposed in the diaphragm are brought into contact with each other. Lowering restricting means S for restricting excessive downward movement of the outer cylinder 1 in contact therewith is provided. And while being provided with the height adjustment apparatus 12 which performs adjustment setting of compression amount by changing the height position of the lower stop member 15 which is either one of the upper stop member 5 and the lower stop member 15 in a stepless manner, An operation mechanism 13 that enables an operation to change and adjust the height position of the lower stop member (one example) 15 on the outside of the diaphragm 3 is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the height adjusting device 12 is moved in the vertical direction by the drive side member 14 supported so as to be movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the upper disk 2A as the lower support part, and the upper disk 2A. The drive-side member 14 and the lower stop member 15 are moved horizontally and vertically so that the lower stop member 15 that can be supported and the lower stop member 15 move up and down as the drive-side member 14 moves in the horizontal direction. And an inclined component force mechanism 18 that is slidably brought into contact with each other between the inclined surfaces 14k and 15k facing in the middle direction.

  More specifically, the drive-side member 14 is a pair of slide members 14A and 14B supported by the upper disk 2A in an opposingly arranged state so as to be able to move closer to each other or move away from each other, and the slide members 14A and 14B are mutually connected. The inclined side surfaces (inclined surfaces) 15k, 15k formed at both ends of the lower stop member 15 are placed on a pair of inclined upper surfaces (inclined surfaces) 14k, 14k formed in a state of facing each other. A force mechanism 18 is configured. That is, the lower stop member 15 is supported by the lower support portion 2 through the pair of slide members 14A and 14B so as to be movable in the horizontal direction.

  A pair of slide members 14A and 14B are distributed and screwed into a forward screw portion 16a and a reverse screw portion 16b of a screw shaft 16 that is mounted on a plate-like upper disk 2A so as to be rotatable. An operating mechanism 13 is configured by providing a handle 19 for rotating the penetrating tip 16c that passes through the upper disk 2A (lower support portion 2) of the screw shaft 16 and goes outside. The handle 19 has a shaft portion 19a having a vertical axis Y. The shaft portion 19a and the penetrating tip portion 16c (screw shaft 16) are cross shaft gears such as bevel gears, worm gears, hypoid gears, staggered shaft gears, and the like. Are interlocked by a gear interlocking mechanism 17. The gear interlocking mechanism (crossed shaft gear mechanism, staggered gear mechanism) 17 is provided in the notch 11 of the upper disk 2A. Accordingly, the handle 19 is turned to rotate the screw shaft 16 in the forward and reverse directions, and the lower stop member 15 is stepless at an arbitrary height position between the lowered position shown in FIG. 1 and the raised position shown in FIG. Adjustment is possible.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1, when the handle 19 is turned around the axis Y in the direction of arrow A, the left slide member 14A is in the direction of arrow C (right direction), and the right slide member 14B is in the direction of arrow D (left direction). The lower stop member 15 moves in the direction of the arrow E (upward) by the function of the tilt component mechanism 18. That is, it is possible to variably adjust the upper and lower stop seats 5 and 15 in the direction of narrowing the vertical interval. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, when the handle 19 is rotated in the direction of arrow B around the axis Y, the left slide member 14A is in the direction of arrow D (right direction), and the right slide member 14B is in the direction of arrow C (left). The lower stop member 15 moves in the direction of the arrow (downward) by the function of the tilt component mechanism 18. That is, it can be variably adjusted in the direction in which the vertical distance between the upper and lower stop seats 5 and 15 is increased.

  Normally, as shown in FIG. 1, the pair of slide members 14 </ b> A and 14 </ b> B are both furthest away in the axial center X direction, and the lower stop member 15 is located at the lowest position. The vertical distance between the lower stop member 15 and the upper stop member 5 in this normal state is K (predetermined value), and the vertical distance between the main body 1A and the ring inner plate 2c is H. In this normal state, when the air spring portion a, that is, the diaphragm 3 is strongly compressed by an excessive load or the like, the upper stop member 5 and the lower stop member 15 come into contact with each other. The compression is restricted, and this is the stopper action by the lowering restricting means S.

  Then, air is supplied to the diaphragm 3 for pressurization so as to restore the vehicle height lowered due to grinding of the wheel tread, etc., and as shown in FIG. 2, the vertical distance between the main body 1A and the ring inner plate 2c is in a normal state. When the height is adjusted to be Hh (= H + γ) larger by γ than the interval H, the operation lever 19 is turned in the direction of arrow A to move the pair of slide members 14A and 14B closer to each other. The lower stop member 15 is lifted. By operating the lift amount so as to correspond to γ, the vertical distance between the lower stop member 15 and the upper stop member 5 in the raised state is set to K as shown in FIG. That is, even if the height is adjusted by turning the handle 19, the effective maximum stroke (suspension stroke) as the air spring portion a is maintained at the same value (= K) as in the normal state shown in FIG. It is.

  That is, even if the vehicle height is adjusted, the effective maximum stroke (suspension stroke) as the air spring portion a is the same value (= K) as in the normal state due to the function of the height adjusting device 12 by turning the handle 19. ) Is maintained. The load acting on the lower stop member 15 functioning as a stopper is as follows: (1) In the case where the slide members 14A and 14B are not placed on the upper disk 2A and are only screwed and supported by the screw shaft 16. Only the screw shaft 16 bears. (2) When the slide members 14A and 14B are placed on the upper disk 2A and the screw shaft 16 is loosely engaged, only the upper disk 2A bears. (3) In the case of adopting a configuration in which the screw shaft 16 is screwed and placed on the upper disk 2A, there are three ways to bear on both the screw shaft 16 and the upper disk 2A. In the case of adopting the configuration (2), the load acting on the lower stop member 15 is the upper disk 2A (that is, the inner cylinder 2) via a pair of slide members 14A and 14B that are in contact with each other by the inclined surfaces 15k and 14k. However, the supporting shaft 16 has a rational function sharing function that only has a function of moving the slide members 14A and 14B. The plate piece 20 that is bolted to the upper surfaces of the slide members 14A and 14B serves to prevent the lower stop member 15 from coming off.

  Thus, while the lowering restricting means S and the height adjusting device 12 are compactly installed inside the diaphragm 3, the handle 19, which is the operation part thereof, is disposed on the side of the laminated rubber part b outside the diaphragm 3. Therefore, the air spring A remains in an equipped state without being removed from the vehicle or the carriage, and the height of the lowering restriction means S can be switched in a stepless manner without hindering the function as the air spring A. It has become. Even if the height position of the lower stop member 15 is variably set, the front / rear / left / right positions thereof do not change, and the surface is in contact with the upper stop member 5 with a large area and functions in a well-balanced manner. A descent restriction means S is realized.

  Since the height adjusting device 12 can change the height position of the lower stop member 15 steplessly, as described above, the height adjustment of the vehicle is adjusted, the pantograph power supply state and the vehicle side lower side are adjusted. There is an advantage that the vehicle height can be arbitrarily adjusted in accordance with various vehicle height adjustments, such as a vehicle height change by switching to a power supply state, a vehicle tread surface reshaping, or the like. Since the height adjusting device 12 uses the inclined component force mechanism 18 in which the drive side member 14 and the lower stop member 15 are slidably contacted with each other by the inclined surfaces 14k, 15k, It is possible to move up and down without changing the position in the horizontal direction, and there is an advantage that the contact condition with the upper stop member 5 can be made constant regardless of the height adjustment of the lower stop member 15. is there.

  Further, the drive side member 14 is composed of a pair of slide members 14A and 14B that move far and away from each other, and the inclined surfaces 15k and 15k at both ends of the lower stop member 15 straddle the inclined surfaces 14k and 14k of the slide members 14A and 14B. Therefore, the lateral loads by the inclined component force mechanism 18 cancel each other and cancel each other. Therefore, useless lateral force accompanying height adjustment does not occur, and the height position of the lower stop member 15 can be changed in a well-balanced manner. The pair of slide members 14A and 14B are distributed and screwed into the forward and reverse screw portions 16a and 16b of the screw shaft 16 installed on the upper disk 2A, and the penetrating tip portion 16c of the screw shaft 16 is rotated. Since the operation mechanism 13 is configured by providing the handle 19, the pair of slide members 14A and 14B are moved far and near by the simple and convenient operation of the handle 19 from the outside of the diaphragm 3, and the height of the lower stop member 15 is increased. The position change setting can be performed easily.

  Further, since the penetrating tip 16c and the operation shaft 19a having the handle 19 are interlocked and connected by the cross shaft gear mechanism or the staggered gear mechanism 17, the outer side of the diaphragm 3 and beside the laminated rubber portion b. The arranged handle 19 can be arranged in different directions such as a vertical direction and a front-rear direction with respect to the screw shaft 16 extending in the horizontal direction, and there is an advantage that the handle 19 can be configured to be more easily operated. is there. In addition, since the height position of the lower stop member 15 is variable, a structure in which the inclined surfaces 15k and 14k slide with each other by the lower stop member 15 and gravity is provided without providing a special support structure. be able to. This has the rationality of being space-saving and inexpensive.

[Another Example]
The mechanism devices such as the height adjusting device 12, the operation mechanism 13, and the inclined component force mechanism 18 may have various structures, and are not limited to the above-described configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper support part 2 Lower support part 3 Diaphragm 4 Base 5 Upper stop member 12 Height adjusting device 13 Operation mechanism 14 Drive side member 14A, 14B Slide member 14k Inclined surface 15 Lower stop member 15k Inclined surface 16 Screw shaft 16a Positive thread part 16b Reverse thread part 16c Penetrating tip part 18 Inclination component mechanism 19 Handle 19a Operation shaft S Lowering control means a Air spring part

Claims (5)

It has an air spring part consisting of an upper support part on the vehicle body side, a lower support part on the carriage side disposed below it, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both, and the vertical direction of the diaphragm As the amount of compression at a predetermined value reaches a predetermined value, the upper support member and the lower support member both disposed in the diaphragm come into contact with the upper support member and the lower support member comes into contact with the upper support member. An air spring with a stopper equipped with a lowering restricting means for restricting excessive downward movement of the part,
A height adjusting device for adjusting and setting the compression amount by steplessly changing the height position of one of the upper stop member and the lower stop member, and the height of the one stop member An air spring with a stopper equipped with an operation mechanism that enables an operation of changing and adjusting the position on the outside of the diaphragm. A drive-side member supported by the height adjusting device so as to be movable in a horizontal direction with respect to one support portion that supports the one stop member of the upper support portion and the lower support portion;
The one stop member supported by the one support portion so as to be movable in the vertical direction;
An inclined surface that faces the drive side member and the one stop member in an intermediate direction between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so that the one stop member moves in the vertical direction as the drive side member moves in the horizontal direction. Inclined component force mechanism that makes slidable contact between each other,
The air spring with a stopper according to claim 1, comprising:   The drive-side members are a pair of slide members supported by the lower support portion, which is the one support portion, in a state of facing each other so as to be able to move closer to each other or move away from each other, and the slide members are mutually connected. The inclined component force mechanism is configured by placing inclined side surfaces formed at both ends of the lower stop member, which is the one stop member, across a pair of inclined upper surfaces formed in a state of facing each other. The air spring with a stopper according to claim 2.   The pair of slide members are distributed and screwed into a forward screw portion and a reverse screw portion of a screw shaft that is rotatably mounted on the dish-like lower support portion, The air spring with a stopper according to claim 3, wherein the operating mechanism is configured by providing a handle for rotating the penetrating tip that passes through the lower support and goes outside. The air spring with a stopper according to claim 4, wherein the penetrating tip portion and the operation shaft having the handle are interlocked and connected by a cross shaft gear mechanism or a staggered gear mechanism .

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