JP5505214B2 - High corrosion resistance titanium alloy having a large 0.2% proof stress in the rolling direction and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
High corrosion resistance titanium alloy having a large 0.2% proof stress in the rolling direction and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、非酸化性の酸や隙間部などの厳しい腐食環境にて使用される耐食性に優れたチタン合金で、PdやRu等の貴金属元素を含まず、十分な圧延方向の0.2%耐力と加工性を有する合金とその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention is a titanium alloy with excellent corrosion resistance that is used in severe corrosive environments such as non-oxidizing acids and gaps, does not contain noble metal elements such as Pd and Ru, and has a sufficient rolling direction of 0.2%. The present invention relates to an alloy having yield strength and workability and a method for producing the same.
純チタンは、硝酸、クロム酸などの酸化性の酸や、海水、塩化物イオン含有溶液の環境において高い耐食性を発揮するが、塩酸、硫酸などの非酸化性酸中では、隙間部においていわゆる隙間腐食を生じることがある。この点を改良した合金として、PdやRu等の貴金属元素を添加した合金(Ti−0.2%Pd;ASTM規格のグレード7、11、Ti−0.5%Ni−0.05%Ru;ASTM規格のグレード13、14、15)が使用されている。一方、特許文献1には、貴金属添加合金に比べ若干劣るものの、安価な耐隙間腐食性に優れる合金として、NiとMoを複合添加した合金(Ti−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo、ASTM規格のグレード12)が記されている。本合金は、熱ブライン環境で使用される脱塩装置、塩蒸発器、塩素電界槽等、各種化学プラントに使用されている。こうした用途においては、溶接管へ加工されて使用されるため、加工性(伸び)が要求される他、構造体としての強度も求められる。 Pure titanium exhibits high corrosion resistance in the environment of oxidizing acids such as nitric acid and chromic acid, seawater and chloride ion-containing solutions, but in non-oxidizing acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, so-called gaps are formed in the gaps. May cause corrosion. As an alloy improved in this respect, an alloy added with a noble metal element such as Pd or Ru (Ti-0.2% Pd; ASTM standard grades 7, 11, Ti-0.5% Ni-0.05% Ru; ASTM standards grades 13, 14, 15) are used. On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, although it is slightly inferior to a noble metal-added alloy, as an inexpensive alloy excellent in crevice corrosion resistance, an alloy in which Ni and Mo are added in combination (Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo). , ASTM standard grade 12). This alloy is used in various chemical plants such as a desalinator, a salt evaporator, and a chlorine electric field tank used in a hot brine environment. In such an application, since it is processed into a welded tube, workability (elongation) is required, and strength as a structure is also required.
特許文献2〜4には、純チタンのマクロ的不均質組織の生成を抑制するための製造方法が記載されている。また、特許文献5には、Ti−4.0〜5.0%Al−2.5〜3.5%V−1.5〜2.5%Fe−1.5〜2.5%Mo合金において、高靭性チタン合金の製造方法が記載されている。また、特許文献6には、酸処理後の表面粗さと表面のうねりがある基準値以下のチタン合金シートの製造方法が記載されている。また、特許文献7には、Feを0.8〜2.3%、Nを0.05%以下、Oを、酸素等量値Q=[O]+2.77[N]+0.1[Fe]が0.45〜1.00であるα+β合金の製造方法が記載されている。また、特許文献8には、Ti−20V−4Al−1Sn合金においてβ変態点以下の温度で熱間クロス圧延することにより機械特性の異方性が小さくなることが記載されている。特許文献9には、Ti−Fe−O−Nチタン合金シートについてβ変態点以下での熱間クロス圧延による延びや加工性の向上の方法が記載されている。また、特許文献10及び11には、Ti−Fe−Ni−Cr系合金の衝撃吸収特性の向上について記載されている。 Patent Documents 2 to 4 describe a production method for suppressing the formation of a macroscopic heterogeneous structure of pure titanium. Patent Document 5 discloses a Ti-4.0-5.0% Al-2.5-3.5% V-1.5-2.5% Fe-1.5-2.5% Mo alloy. Describes a method for producing a high toughness titanium alloy. Patent Document 6 describes a method for producing a titanium alloy sheet having a surface roughness after acid treatment and surface waviness, which are below a reference value. Patent Document 7 discloses that Fe is 0.8 to 2.3%, N is 0.05% or less, O is an oxygen equivalent value Q = [O] +2.77 [N] +0.1 [Fe. ] Of 0.45 to 1.00 is described. Patent Document 8 describes that in a Ti-20V-4Al-1Sn alloy, anisotropy of mechanical properties is reduced by hot cross rolling at a temperature not higher than the β transformation point. Patent Document 9 describes a method of improving elongation and workability by hot cross rolling below the β transformation point of a Ti—Fe—O—N titanium alloy sheet. Patent Documents 10 and 11 describe the improvement of impact absorption characteristics of Ti—Fe—Ni—Cr alloys.
特許文献1に記載されたTi−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金は、圧延方向(以下L方向)の0.2%耐力が小さく、L方向と圧延方向に直交する方向(以下T方向)の0.2%耐力の差が大きいという問題がある。本合金は、凝集塩化物を含むブラインや亜硫酸ガスを含む湿潤環境の熱交換機用パイプ等、各種化学プラントの配管などに使用されるため、十分な耐力、加工性が必要であり、かつ、材料を歩留まり良く使用するため、0.2%耐力の圧延方向異方性はできるだけ小さくする必要がある。 The Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy described in Patent Document 1 has a small 0.2% proof stress in the rolling direction (hereinafter referred to as L direction), and is a direction orthogonal to the L direction and the rolling direction (hereinafter referred to as “lower direction”). There is a problem that the difference in 0.2% proof stress in the (T direction) is large. This alloy is used for piping in various chemical plants, such as pipes for wet heat exchangers containing brine containing aggregated chloride and sulfurous acid gas, so it must have sufficient proof stress and workability. Therefore, it is necessary to make the rolling direction anisotropy of 0.2% proof stress as small as possible.
特許文献1では、NiとMoおよびFeの成分範囲が規定されているのみで、製造方法についての記載はなく、機械的特性については、極限引張強さと伸びのみが記載され、L方向の0.2%耐力に関する記載はない。 In Patent Document 1, only the component ranges of Ni, Mo, and Fe are defined, and there is no description about the manufacturing method. For the mechanical properties, only the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation are described. There is no description about 2% yield strength.
特許文献2〜4においては、銅箔製造用純チタンドラム電極に関するものであり、表面に不均質マクロ組織の出現を防ぐため、クロス圧延により集合組織を制御することのみに言及しているが、機械的性質への影響については記載されていない。 In Patent Documents 2 to 4, it relates to a pure titanium drum electrode for copper foil production, and refers only to controlling the texture by cross rolling in order to prevent the appearance of a heterogeneous macrostructure on the surface, The effect on mechanical properties is not described.
また、特許文献5は、0.2%耐力が870MPa以上の高強度α+β合金、Ti−4.0〜5.0%Al−2.5〜3.5%V−1.5〜2.5%Fe−1.5〜2.5%Mo合金に関するものであり、α相とTi2Ni相を主な構成相とするTi−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金とは大きく異なる。 Patent Document 5 discloses a high-strength α + β alloy having a 0.2% proof stress of 870 MPa or more, Ti-4.0 to 5.0% Al-2.5 to 3.5% V-1.5 to 2.5. % Fe-1.5-2.5% Mo alloy, which is greatly different from Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy mainly composed of α phase and Ti 2 Ni phase. .
また、特許文献6および7は、チタン合金材を複数枚重ねてパック圧延し、シート材を作製する際に曲げ特性等の加工性の面内異方性を低減するものであり、Ti−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金のL方向0.2%耐力の向上を問題とする本発明とは大きく異なる。 Patent Documents 6 and 7 reduce the in-plane anisotropy of workability such as bending characteristics when a plurality of titanium alloy materials are stacked and rolled by rolling to produce a sheet material. .8% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy is greatly different from the present invention in which improvement of 0.2% yield strength in the L direction is a problem.
本発明は、板表面に平行な方向のうち、0.2%耐力が最小の方向を最小耐力方向、最小耐力方向と直交する方向を直交耐力方向としたとき、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPa以上で、かつ400MPa以下であり、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満であることを特徴とするTi−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金(ASTM規格のグレード12)とその製造方法を提供することを目的としている。363MPaは、ASTM規格のグレード12の0.2%耐力の基準値に対して余裕を持って大きい値である。最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満であれば、耐力の面内異方性を気にせず基材より材料を採取しても問題ない。 In the present invention, among the directions parallel to the plate surface, the direction with the minimum 0.2% yield strength is defined as the minimum yield strength direction, and the direction perpendicular to the minimum yield strength direction is defined as the orthogonal yield strength direction. Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo, characterized in that the yield strength is 363 MPa or more and 400 MPa or less, and the difference in 0.2% yield strength between the minimum yield strength direction and the orthogonal yield strength direction is less than 180 MPa. It is an object to provide an alloy (ASTM standard grade 12) and a method for producing the same. 363 MPa is a large value with a margin with respect to the standard value of 0.2% proof stress of ASTM standard grade 12. If the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof strength direction and the orthogonal proof strength direction is less than 180 MPa, there is no problem even if the material is collected from the base material without worrying about the in-plane anisotropy of the proof stress.
特許文献8は、Ti−20%V−4%Al−1%Sn等のβ型チタン合金の延性の異方性を下げるためのものであり、更に、特許文献9は、Ti−Fe−O−N系合金に関するものである。これらの発明においては、その0.2%耐力及びその圧延条件において、本発明が対象とする、隙間腐食耐性に優れる、α相とTi2Ni相を主な構成相とするTi−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金とは大きく異なる。また、特許文献10及び11は、衝撃吸収性に関するものであり、本発明の目的とするところとは、大きく異なる。 Patent Document 8 is for reducing the ductility anisotropy of β-type titanium alloys such as Ti-20% V-4% Al-1% Sn, and Patent Document 9 further describes Ti-Fe-O. This relates to an N-based alloy. In these inventions, in the 0.2% proof stress and the rolling conditions, Ti-0.8, which is the object of the present invention, is excellent in crevice corrosion resistance, and has an α phase and a Ti 2 Ni phase as main constituent phases. It is very different from the% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy. Further, Patent Documents 10 and 11 relate to shock absorption, and are greatly different from the object of the present invention.
本発明者らは、Ti−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金のL方向の0.2%耐力を上昇させ、十分な延性があり、かつ0.2%耐力の圧延方向異方性を低減するためには、酸素濃度、および酸素当量、熱間圧延方法、特に熱間圧延の加熱温度、圧下比およびクロス圧延比が重要であると考え、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、構成成分(Ni、Mo、O、Fe、N)を適正に選択し、熱間圧延時の加熱温度を一定範囲で行い、圧下比を一定値以上とし、熱間圧延時にクロス圧延を行ってクロス比を一定値未満とすること、および熱間圧延後に焼鈍を行う場合には焼鈍温度を一定の温度範囲とすることにより、上記の目標を解決できることを見出した。但し、本発明において、圧下比は、圧延開始板厚を圧延終了板厚で除した数値、クロス比は、クロス圧延の一方の圧延方向の圧下比と、当該一方の圧延方向と直交する他の圧延方向の圧下比との比(但し、両者の圧下比のうち、圧下比が大きい方を分子とする)と定義する。 The inventors have increased the 0.2% proof stress in the L direction of Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy, have sufficient ductility, and are anisotropic in the rolling direction with 0.2% proof stress. As a result of earnest research, we considered that the oxygen concentration, oxygen equivalent, hot rolling method, especially the heating temperature of hot rolling, reduction ratio and cross rolling ratio are important in order to reduce the properties. (Ni, Mo, O, Fe, N) is appropriately selected, the heating temperature during hot rolling is performed within a certain range, the reduction ratio is set to a certain value or more, and cross rolling is performed during hot rolling to obtain a cross ratio. It has been found that the above-mentioned target can be solved by setting the annealing temperature to a certain temperature range when the annealing temperature is less than a certain value and annealing is performed after hot rolling. However, in the present invention, the reduction ratio is a numerical value obtained by dividing the rolling start sheet thickness by the rolling end sheet thickness, and the cross ratio is the reduction ratio in one rolling direction of the cross rolling and the other orthogonal to the one rolling direction. It is defined as the ratio to the rolling ratio in the rolling direction (however, the larger of the two rolling ratios is the numerator).
本発明はこのような知見に基づくものであり、その要旨とするところは、以下のとおりである。
(1)質量%で、Ni:0.7%以上、0.9%以下、Mo:0.20%以上、0.40%以下、O:0.10%以上、0.20%以下、Fe:0.02%以上、0.10%以下、N:0.001%以上、0.010%以下を含有し、下記(1)式で規定するQ:0.20%以上、0.30%以下であり、残部チタンと不可避不純物からなり、
板表面に平行な方向のうち、0.2%耐力が最小の方向を最小耐力方向、最小耐力方向と直交する方向を直交耐力方向とし、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPa以上、最小耐力方向及び直交耐力方向の伸びが23%以上であり、かつ最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満であることを特徴とする高耐食性チタン板。
Q=[O]+2.77[N]+0.1([Fe]+[Ni]) (1)
ただし、[O]、[N]、[Fe]、[Ni]はそれぞれの元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
(2)上記(1)に規定する成分含有量を有する分塊スラブを800℃以上、840℃以下の温度で加熱保定後、圧下比4.0以上、25.0以下で熱間圧延すること、かつ、同熱間圧延の際にクロス圧延を行い、一方の圧延方向の圧下比と、当該一方の圧延方向と直交する他の圧延方向の圧下比との比をクロス比とし、クロス比が1以上となるようにクロス比の分母分子を定め、当該クロス比が1.0以上、10.0未満になるように熱間圧延を行うことを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の高耐食性チタン板の製造方法。
(3)前記熱間圧延に引き続いて、550℃以上、750℃未満の温度域で焼鈍を行うことを特徴とする、上記(2)に記載の高耐食性チタン板の製造方法。
The present invention is based on such knowledge, and the gist thereof is as follows.
(1) In mass%, Ni: 0.7% or more, 0.9% or less, Mo: 0.20% or more, 0.40% or less, O: 0.10% or more, 0.20% or less, Fe : 0.02% or more, 0.10% or less, N: 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less, and defined by the following formula (1) Q: 0.20% or more, 0.30% It consists of the remainder titanium and inevitable impurities,
Of the directions parallel to the plate surface, the direction with the minimum 0.2% proof stress is the minimum proof stress direction, the direction orthogonal to the minimum proof stress direction is the orthogonal proof stress direction, and the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is 363 MPa or more, the minimum A highly corrosion-resistant titanium plate, characterized in that the elongation in the proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is 23% or more, and the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is less than 180 MPa.
Q = [O] +2.77 [N] +0.1 ([Fe] + [Ni]) (1)
However, [O], [N], [Fe], and [Ni] mean the content (mass%) of each element.
(2) A hot slab having a component content specified in (1) above is heated and rolled at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher and 840 ° C. or lower and then hot-rolled at a reduction ratio of 4.0 or higher and 25.0 or lower. And the cross rolling is performed during the same hot rolling, and the ratio between the rolling ratio in one rolling direction and the rolling ratio in the other rolling direction orthogonal to the one rolling direction is defined as a cross ratio, and the cross ratio is The denominator of the cross ratio is determined to be 1 or more, and hot rolling is performed so that the cross ratio is 1.0 or more and less than 10.0, and the high corrosion resistance according to (1) above A method for producing a titanium plate.
(3) The method for producing a highly corrosion-resistant titanium plate according to (2) above, wherein annealing is performed in a temperature range of 550 ° C. or more and less than 750 ° C. following the hot rolling.
本発明によれば、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が十分高く、十分な延性があり、かつ最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が小さいTi−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金を提供することが可能となり、耐久性に優れた凝集塩化物を含むブラインや亜硫酸ガスを含む湿潤環境の熱交換機用パイプが製造できるようになり、各種化学プラントの配管等への普及が大きく進み、環境上、産業上の貢献が極めて顕著である。 According to the present invention, Ti-0.8% Ni has a sufficiently high 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction, sufficient ductility, and a small difference between the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction. -It became possible to provide 0.3% Mo alloy, and it became possible to manufacture pipes for heat exchangers in humid environments containing brine and sulfite gas containing aggregated chlorides with excellent durability. The spread to the environment is greatly advanced, and the contribution to the environment and industry is extremely remarkable.
本発明は、ASTM規格のグレード12の成分範囲内において、Ni、Mo、O、Fe、Nを以下に示す適正成分とし、さらに以下に規定する製造条件により、所定の目的に達しようとするものである。 In the ASTM standard grade 12 component range, the present invention uses Ni, Mo, O, Fe, and N as appropriate components shown below, and is intended to achieve a predetermined purpose under the manufacturing conditions specified below. It is.
請求項1に記載の本発明では、質量%で、Ni:0.7%以上、0.9%以下、Mo:0.20%以上、0.40%以下、O:0.10%以上、0.20%以下、Fe:0.02%以上、0.10%以下、N:0.001%以上、0.010%以下を含有し、前記(1)式で規定するQ:0.20%以上、0.30%以下であり、残部チタンと不可避不純物からなり、板表面に平行な方向のうち、0.2%耐力が最小の方向を最小耐力方向、最小耐力方向と直交する方向を直交耐力方向とし、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPa以上、最小耐力方向及び直交耐力方向の伸びが23%以上であり、かつ最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満であることを特徴とする高耐食性チタン板とした。 In the present invention according to claim 1, in mass%, Ni: 0.7% or more, 0.9% or less, Mo: 0.20% or more, 0.40% or less, O: 0.10% or more, 0.20% or less, Fe: 0.02% or more, 0.10% or less, N: 0.001% or more, 0.010% or less, Q defined by the above formula (1): 0.20 %, 0.30% or less, consisting of the remaining titanium and inevitable impurities, and the direction parallel to the plate surface, the direction with the smallest 0.2% proof stress is the minimum proof stress direction, and the direction perpendicular to the minimum proof stress direction In the orthogonal proof direction, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is 363 MPa or more, the elongation in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is 23% or more, and the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction Was a high corrosion resistance titanium plate characterized by being less than 180 MPa.
Ni、Mo、O、Fe、Nの量を限定した理由は、以下に示すとおりである。 The reasons for limiting the amounts of Ni, Mo, O, Fe, and N are as follows.
Niは、質量%で0.7%以上、0.9%以下を含むことにより、非酸化性の酸における耐隙間腐食性を得ている。これは、非酸化性の酸に対する隙間腐食性を司るTi2Niが析出することによる。0.7〜0.9%のNiを含有することにより、適量のTi2Niが析出し、これがチタン合金表面の酸化被膜を強固なものとするため、優れた耐隙間腐食性が得られる。Ni量は0.7%未満では、十分な耐隙間腐食性が得られず、0.9%を超えて含むと伸びが23%未満となり、溶接管製造等、加工の際に支障を来す。 Ni contains crevice corrosion resistance in a non-oxidizing acid by containing 0.7% or more and 0.9% or less by mass%. This is due to the precipitation of Ti 2 Ni which controls crevice corrosion against non-oxidizing acids. By containing 0.7 to 0.9% of Ni, an appropriate amount of Ti 2 Ni is precipitated, and this strengthens the oxide film on the surface of the titanium alloy, so that excellent crevice corrosion resistance is obtained. If the Ni content is less than 0.7%, sufficient crevice corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.9%, the elongation becomes less than 23%, which causes troubles in processing such as welded pipe manufacturing. .
Moは、質量%で0.20%以上、0.40%以下とした。Moは、腐食速度を低下する効果があり、Niとの複合添加により、耐隙間腐食性を貴金属添加合金に近い水準にまで引き上げることが可能となる。0.20%未満では、十分な耐隙間腐食性が得られず、0.40%を超えると加工性に影響が出るため、0.20〜0.40%とした。 Mo was 0.20% to 0.40% by mass. Mo has the effect of reducing the corrosion rate, and the combined addition with Ni makes it possible to raise the crevice corrosion resistance to a level close to that of a noble metal-added alloy. If it is less than 0.20%, sufficient crevice corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.40%, workability is affected, so 0.20 to 0.40%.
なお、耐隙間腐食性を調べる方法は、板厚×25mm×25mm、中央に直径10mmの孔をあけた試験片を4フッ化エチレン製の隙間形成材で押さえつけて、沸騰NaCl溶液に168h浸漬し、腐食生成物の有無を目視で評価する。 The crevice corrosion resistance was investigated by pressing a test piece having a plate thickness × 25 mm × 25 mm and a hole having a diameter of 10 mm in the center with a gap forming material made of ethylene tetrafluoride and immersing it in a boiling NaCl solution for 168 hours. Visually evaluate the presence or absence of corrosion products.
Oは、0.10%以上、0.20%以下とした。Oは機械的性質をコントロールするための元素として重要である。最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力は、Oが0.10%未満では363MPaに達せず、0.20%を超えると伸びが23%未満となり、溶接管製造等、加工の際に支障を来す。 O was 0.10% or more and 0.20% or less. O is important as an element for controlling mechanical properties. The 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction does not reach 363 MPa when O is less than 0.10%, and when it exceeds 0.20%, the elongation becomes less than 23%, which causes troubles in processing such as welded pipe manufacturing. The
本合金においては、Fe、Nも機械的強度をコントロールするための元素である。単独の含有量として、Feを0.02%未満にするためには、高純度の原料を用いなければならず、コスト上昇に繋がるため、0.02%以上とし、0.10%を超えると室温延性に悪影響を与えるため、0.10%以下とした。Nも0.001%未満とするのは高純度の原料を用いなければならず、0.010%を超えると室温延性に悪影響を与えるためである。 In this alloy, Fe and N are also elements for controlling the mechanical strength. As a single content, in order to make Fe less than 0.02%, a high-purity raw material must be used, which leads to an increase in cost, so 0.02% or more, and exceeding 0.10% In order to adversely affect the room temperature ductility, the content was made 0.10% or less. The reason why N is also less than 0.001% is that a high-purity raw material must be used, and if it exceeds 0.010%, the room temperature ductility is adversely affected.
O以外の元素を含め、機械的性質に影響を及ぼす元素の強化能を示す指標として、下記(1)式で規定するQを用いる。Qは酸素当量値である。QはO、N、Fe、Niの強化能を、Oの場合を1として一次結合した式であり、NiはFeと同等の強化能を有することから、係数はFeと同じとした。本発明ではQの範囲を、0.20%以上、0.30%以下とした。Qが0.20未満では十分な最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が得られず、0.30%を超えると伸びが不十分であり、加工性に影響を及ぼす。
Q=[O]+2.77[N]+0.1([Fe]+[Ni]) (1)
ただし、[O]、[N]、[Fe]、[Ni]はそれぞれの元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
Q, which is defined by the following formula (1), is used as an index indicating the strengthening ability of elements including elements other than O that affect the mechanical properties. Q is an oxygen equivalent value. Q is an equation in which the strengthening ability of O, N, Fe, and Ni is linearly combined with O being 1 and Ni has the strengthening ability equivalent to Fe, so the coefficient is the same as that of Fe. In the present invention, the Q range is set to 0.20% or more and 0.30% or less. If Q is less than 0.20, sufficient 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.30%, the elongation is insufficient and the workability is affected.
Q = [O] +2.77 [N] +0.1 ([Fe] + [Ni]) (1)
However, [O], [N], [Fe], and [Ni] mean the content (mass%) of each element.
残部チタンと不可避不純物である。不可避不純物として代表的には、H、Cを指し、いずれも0.02%以下である。 The balance is titanium and inevitable impurities. Typically, H and C are inevitable impurities, and both are 0.02% or less.
ASTM規格のグレード12では、0.2%耐力は345MPa以上であるが、この値を、5%以上余裕を持って超えるため、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力を363MPa以上とした。これは化学プラント配管などの構造体として必要な強度として十分である。最小耐力方向、直交耐力方向の伸びは、板厚5〜10mmの板を丸めて溶接管として加工するために必要な延性を確保するため、23%以上とした。また、耐力の面内異方性を低減するため、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差を180MPa未満とした。 In ASTM standard grade 12, the 0.2% yield strength is 345 MPa or more, but exceeds this value with a margin of 5% or more, so the 0.2% yield strength in the minimum yield direction was set to 363 MPa or more. This is sufficient as the strength required for a structure such as chemical plant piping. The elongation in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction was set to 23% or more in order to secure the ductility necessary for rounding a plate having a thickness of 5 to 10 mm to process it as a welded pipe. Further, in order to reduce the in-plane anisotropy of the proof stress, the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction was set to less than 180 MPa.
次に、上記本発明の高耐食性チタン板の製造方法について説明する。 Next, the manufacturing method of the high corrosion resistance titanium plate of the present invention will be described.
本発明の高耐食性チタン板は、通常、溶解、分塊、熱間圧延、さらに必要に応じて焼鈍の工程を経て製造する。この製造工程中の熱間圧延工程において、分塊スラブを800℃以上、840℃以下で加熱保定後、圧下比4.0以上で圧延すること、かつ、クロス圧延を行い、クロス比が1.0以上、10.0未満になるように圧延することを特徴とする製造方法とした。ここで、クロス圧延における一方の圧延方向の圧下比と、当該一方の圧延方向と直交する他の圧延方向の圧下比との比をクロス比とし、クロス比が1以上となるようにクロス比の分母分子を定める。即ち、両者の圧下比のうち、圧下比が大きい方を分子とする。 The highly corrosion-resistant titanium plate of the present invention is usually produced through steps of melting, slabbing, hot rolling and, if necessary, annealing. In the hot rolling step in the manufacturing process, the slab is heated and held at 800 ° C. or higher and 840 ° C. or lower, and then rolled at a reduction ratio of 4.0 or higher, and cross-rolled. It was set as the manufacturing method characterized by rolling so that it might become 0 or more and less than 10.0. Here, the ratio of the rolling ratio in one rolling direction in cross rolling and the rolling ratio in the other rolling direction orthogonal to the one rolling direction is defined as a cross ratio, and the cross ratio is set so that the cross ratio is 1 or more. Define the denominator numerator. That is, of the two rolling reduction ratios, the larger rolling reduction ratio is defined as a numerator.
これら、圧延温度、圧下比、およびクロス比の規定は、いずれも、十分な大きさの最小耐力方向0.2%耐力を得るためである。Ti−0.8質量%Ni−0.3質量%Mo合金は850℃超の高温ではβ相の割合が約50%以上となる。840℃以下で熱間圧延を行うことにより、加工発熱した場合でもα相の割合が多い温度域で十分な加工組織が導入されるため、圧延方向の0.2%耐力の低下を避け、かつ、圧延方向と直交する方向の0.2%耐力との差を小さくすることができる。一方、800℃を下回ると、熱延中に疵が多く導入されてしまい、除去するために多大な労力が必要となる。熱延温度としては、820±10℃の温度範囲が望ましい。 These rules for rolling temperature, reduction ratio, and cross ratio are all for obtaining a sufficiently large minimum proof stress direction 0.2% proof stress. The Ti-0.8 mass% Ni-0.3 mass% Mo alloy has a β-phase ratio of about 50% or more at a high temperature exceeding 850 ° C. By carrying out hot rolling at 840 ° C. or lower, a sufficient work structure is introduced in a temperature range where the proportion of α phase is high even when processing heat is generated, so avoiding a decrease in 0.2% proof stress in the rolling direction, and The difference between the 0.2% proof stress in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction can be reduced. On the other hand, when the temperature is lower than 800 ° C., a lot of soot is introduced during hot rolling, and a great deal of labor is required to remove it. As the hot rolling temperature, a temperature range of 820 ± 10 ° C. is desirable.
また、圧下比を4.0以上としたのは、圧下比が4.0未満だと十分な加工組織が導入されず、圧延方向耐力が低いからである。上限は特にないが、圧延可能なレベルとして25.0以下とした。 The reason why the reduction ratio is 4.0 or more is that when the reduction ratio is less than 4.0, a sufficient work structure is not introduced, and the rolling direction proof stress is low. Although there is no upper limit in particular, it was made 25.0 or less as a level which can be rolled.
上記本発明のように熱間圧延でのクロス圧延を行って製造したチタン板において、クロス圧延の圧下比が大きい方の圧延方向(以下「L方向」ともいう。)が最小耐力方向と一致し、圧下比が小さい方の圧延方向(以下「T方向」ともいう。)が直交耐力方向と一致する。従って、本発明の高耐食性チタン板を規定する上で、最小耐力方向をL方向、直交耐力方向をT方向と読み替えることができる。 In the titanium plate manufactured by performing cross rolling by hot rolling as in the present invention, the rolling direction (hereinafter also referred to as “L direction”) having the larger rolling reduction ratio matches the minimum proof stress direction. The rolling direction with the smaller rolling reduction (hereinafter also referred to as “T direction”) coincides with the orthogonal proof stress direction. Therefore, in defining the highly corrosion resistant titanium plate of the present invention, the minimum proof stress direction can be read as the L direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction can be read as the T direction.
上記のように、一定範囲の圧延温度、圧下比をとって、かつ、クロス圧延をクロス比が1.0%以上、10.0未満になるように圧延することにより、0.2%耐力を向上させ、かつ、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差を180MPa未満とすることができる。Ti−0.8質量%Ni−0.3質量%Mo合金を一方向に圧延すると、圧延方向に変形しやすく、逆に圧延方向と直交する向きに変形しにくい集合組織が形成されるため、圧延方向の変形が容易となり、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が低下してしまう。これに対し、圧延方向と直交する向きにクロス圧延を施すと、圧延方向に変形しやすく圧延方向と直交する方向に変形しにくい集合組織が壊れるため、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力を向上でき、かつ、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差を低減できる。なお、800〜840℃の圧延温度、圧下比4.0〜10.0とクロス比1.0以上、10.0未満の条件がそろって初めて、0.2%耐力の十分な向上、かつ、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力差の低減が得られ、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPa以上、かつ、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満となる。ところで、クロス比1.0は、クロス比の最小値であり、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力向上に最も効果のあるクロス比であるが、実際の製品では設備上の制約からは取ることが難しく、好ましくは1.5以上であり、更に好ましくは2.0以上である。 As described above, by taking a rolling temperature and a reduction ratio within a certain range and rolling the cross rolling so that the cross ratio is 1.0% or more and less than 10.0, 0.2% proof stress can be obtained. In addition, the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction can be made less than 180 MPa. When a Ti-0.8 mass% Ni-0.3 mass% Mo alloy is rolled in one direction, a texture is formed that is easily deformed in the rolling direction and is unlikely to deform in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. The deformation in the rolling direction becomes easy, and the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is lowered. On the other hand, if cross rolling is performed in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, the texture is easily deformed in the rolling direction and difficult to deform in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, so the 0.2% yield strength in the minimum yield strength direction is improved. And the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction can be reduced. It should be noted that the 0.2% yield strength is sufficiently improved only when the rolling temperature of 800 to 840 ° C., the reduction ratio of 4.0 to 10.0, the cross ratio of 1.0 or more and less than 10.0 are satisfied, and Reduction of 0.2% proof stress difference between minimum proof stress direction and orthogonal proof stress direction is obtained, 0.2% proof stress in minimum proof stress direction is 363 MPa or more, and 0.2% proof stress difference between minimum proof stress direction and orthogonal proof stress direction Is less than 180 MPa. By the way, the cross ratio 1.0 is the minimum value of the cross ratio, and is the most effective cross ratio for improving 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction. Is preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more.
本発明の高耐食性チタン板は、熱間圧延ままで用いることもできるが、熱間圧延に引き続いて、550℃以上、750℃未満の温度域で焼鈍を行うことが望ましい。550℃以上、750℃未満の温度域での焼鈍を行うことにより、Ti−0.8%Ni−0.3%Mo合金の耐隙間腐食性を司るTi2Niを適量析出させることができる。550℃以上としたのは、この温度未満では十分な再結晶がなされず、室温延性が小さいためであり、750℃未満としたのは、これ以上の温度では、Ti2Niの析出量が減り、耐隙間腐食性が低下するためである。再結晶と十分なTi2Niの析出の観点からは650〜700℃の焼鈍が望ましい。なお、焼鈍時間については、材料全体が所定の温度になって30分〜1時間で良い。 Although the high corrosion resistance titanium plate of the present invention can be used as it is in hot rolling, it is desirable to perform annealing in a temperature range of 550 ° C. or more and less than 750 ° C. following hot rolling. By performing annealing at a temperature range of 550 ° C. or more and less than 750 ° C., an appropriate amount of Ti 2 Ni that controls crevice corrosion resistance of the Ti-0.8% Ni-0.3% Mo alloy can be precipitated. The reason why the temperature is set to 550 ° C. or higher is that sufficient recrystallization is not performed at a temperature lower than this temperature and the room temperature ductility is small, and the temperature lower than 750 ° C. is that the precipitation amount of Ti 2 Ni decreases at a temperature higher than this. This is because the crevice corrosion resistance decreases. From the viewpoint of recrystallization and sufficient Ti 2 Ni precipitation, annealing at 650 to 700 ° C. is desirable. The annealing time may be 30 minutes to 1 hour when the entire material reaches a predetermined temperature.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明の構成と作用効果をより具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, an example is given and the composition and operation effect of the present invention are explained more concretely.
真空アーク溶解または電子ビーム溶解により、表1に示す組成のチタン材を溶解し、これを熱間鍛造によりスラブとし、表1に示す加熱温度で保定した後、熱間圧延し、板厚6〜30mmの厚板とした。その後、焼鈍を行う場合は表1に示す温度で30分の焼鈍、ショットブラスト、酸洗を行い供試材とした。焼鈍温度欄に「−」を付した実施例は焼鈍を行っていない。 A titanium material having the composition shown in Table 1 is melted by vacuum arc melting or electron beam melting, and this is made into a slab by hot forging, held at the heating temperature shown in Table 1, and then hot-rolled. A 30 mm thick plate was used. Then, when annealing, it annealed for 30 minutes at the temperature shown in Table 1, shot blasting, and pickling, and it was set as the test material. The example which put "-" in the annealing temperature column does not anneal.
これらの供試材からJIS14号、15号の試験片を切出し、クロス圧延の圧下比が大きい方の圧延方向(L方向)が最小耐力方向と一致することを確認した。そこで、最小耐力方向としてL方向を選び、L方向に直交するT方向を直交耐力方向として、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の室温引張試験を行った。また、板厚×25mm×25mm、中央に直径10mmの孔をあけた腐食試験片を切り出し、4フッ化エチレン製の隙間形成材で押さえつけて、沸騰NaCl溶液に168h浸漬し、腐食生成物の有無で耐隙間腐食性の評価を行った。引張試験および耐隙間腐食性試験ともにn=3で行った。表1に示した機械試験値はその平均値である。 Test pieces of JIS No. 14 and No. 15 were cut out from these test materials, and it was confirmed that the rolling direction (L direction) with the larger rolling reduction of the cross rolling coincided with the minimum proof stress direction. Thus, the L direction was selected as the minimum proof stress direction, and the room temperature tensile test in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction was performed with the T direction orthogonal to the L direction as the orthogonal proof stress direction. Also, a corrosion test piece having a plate thickness × 25 mm × 25 mm and a hole with a diameter of 10 mm in the center was cut out, pressed with a gap forming material made of tetrafluoroethylene, immersed in boiling NaCl solution for 168 h, and presence or absence of corrosion products. The crevice corrosion resistance was evaluated. Both the tensile test and the crevice corrosion resistance test were performed at n = 3. The mechanical test values shown in Table 1 are average values.
測定結果を表1にまとめて示す。 The measurement results are summarized in Table 1.
表1において、No.1からNo.12は、本発明の実施例である。いずれの場合も、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力は363MPa以上あり、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差は180MPa未満、最小耐力方向および直交耐力方向の伸びは23%以上であった。また、耐隙間腐食性に関しても、腐食の発生は見られなかった。一方、熱間圧延温度が840℃よりも高いNo.13においては、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が349MPaと小さく、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差も195MPaと圧延方向異方性が大きい。熱間圧延温度が800℃よりも低いNo.14においては、最小、直交耐力方向の伸びが小さい。クロス比が10.0よりも大きいNo.15では、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPaより小さく、最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差も180MPaより大きく、圧延方向異方性が顕著である。圧下比が4.0よりも小さいNo.16では、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPaより小さい。焼鈍温度が、750℃を超えるNo.17では、耐隙間腐食性試験で、n=3の内、一つの試験片で腐食の進行が見られた。また、Ni,Mo、Oの含有量及びQ値がそれぞれ、本発明の上限を超えるNo.18では、最小,直交耐力方向ともに伸びが23%に届かない。また、Ni,Mo、Oの含有量及びQ値がそれぞれ、本発明の下限を下回るNo.19では、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が、363MPaよりも小さく、かつ、耐隙間腐食性試験で、n=3の内、一つの試験片で腐食の進行が見られた。Fe、Nの含有量が、それぞれ、0.10%、0.010%を超え、Q値が0.30%を超えたNo.20では、最小、直交耐力方向の伸びが23%に届かない。 In Table 1, no. 1 to No. 12 is an embodiment of the present invention. In any case, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is 363 MPa or more, the difference between the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is less than 180 MPa, and the elongation in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is 23%. That was all. In addition, no crevice corrosion was observed with respect to crevice corrosion resistance. On the other hand, No. whose hot rolling temperature is higher than 840 ° C. In No. 13, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is as small as 349 MPa, and the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is also 195 MPa, and the anisotropy in the rolling direction is large. No. whose hot rolling temperature is lower than 800 ° C. In 14, the minimum elongation in the orthogonal proof stress direction is small. No. with a cross ratio greater than 10.0. 15, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is smaller than 363 MPa, the difference between the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is also larger than 180 MPa, and the rolling direction anisotropy is remarkable. The No. reduction ratio is smaller than 4.0. 16, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is smaller than 363 MPa. No. with annealing temperature exceeding 750 ° C. In No. 17, in the crevice corrosion resistance test, the progress of corrosion was observed in one test piece among n = 3. Further, the contents of Ni, Mo, O and the Q value each exceed the upper limit of the present invention. In 18, the elongation does not reach 23% in both the minimum and orthogonal strength directions. In addition, the contents of Ni, Mo, O and the Q value are respectively lower than the lower limit of the present invention. In No. 19, the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction was smaller than 363 MPa, and in the crevice corrosion resistance test, the progress of corrosion was observed in one test piece of n = 3. The content of Fe and N exceeded 0.10% and 0.010%, respectively, and Q value exceeded 0.30%. At 20, the minimum elongation in the orthogonal proof stress direction does not reach 23%.
本発明により、十分な0.2%耐力を有し、0.2%耐力の圧延方向異方性が小さく、かつ、耐隙間腐食性に優れ、室温における延性も良好なチタン合金が得られ、耐久性に優れた凝集塩化物を含むブラインや亜硫酸ガスを含む湿潤環境の熱交換機用パイプが製造できるようになり、各種化学プラントの配管等での利用の普及が促進される。 According to the present invention, a titanium alloy having a sufficient 0.2% yield strength, a 0.2% yield strength with small rolling direction anisotropy, excellent crevice corrosion resistance, and good ductility at room temperature is obtained, It becomes possible to manufacture heat exchanger pipes in a humid environment containing brine and sulfite gas containing aggregated chloride having excellent durability, and the use of pipes in various chemical plants is promoted.
Claims (3)
Ni:0.7%以上、0.9%以下、
Mo:0.20%以上、0.40%以下、
O:0.10%以上、0.20%以下、
Fe:0.02以上、0.10%以下、
N:0.001%以上、0.010%以下
を含有し、下記(1)式で規定するQ:0.20%以上、0.30%以下であり、残部チタンと不可避不純物からなり、
板表面に平行な方向のうち、0.2%耐力が最小の方向を最小耐力方向、最小耐力方向と直交する方向を直交耐力方向とし、最小耐力方向の0.2%耐力が363MPa以上、最小耐力方向及び直交耐力方向の伸びが23%以上であり、かつ最小耐力方向と直交耐力方向の0.2%耐力の差が180MPa未満であることを特徴とする高耐食性チタン板。
Q=[O]+2.77[N]+0.1([Fe]+[Ni]) (1)
ただし、[O]、[N]、[Fe]、[Ni]はそれぞれの元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。 % By mass
Ni: 0.7% or more, 0.9% or less,
Mo: 0.20% or more, 0.40% or less,
O: 0.10% or more, 0.20% or less,
Fe: 0.02 or more and 0.10% or less,
N: 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less, Q defined by the following formula (1): 0.20% or more and 0.30% or less, comprising the balance titanium and inevitable impurities,
Of the directions parallel to the plate surface, the direction with the minimum 0.2% proof stress is the minimum proof stress direction, the direction orthogonal to the minimum proof stress direction is the orthogonal proof stress direction, and the 0.2% proof stress in the minimum proof stress direction is 363 MPa or more, the minimum A highly corrosion-resistant titanium plate, characterized in that the elongation in the proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is 23% or more, and the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the minimum proof stress direction and the orthogonal proof stress direction is less than 180 MPa.
Q = [O] +2.77 [N] +0.1 ([Fe] + [Ni]) (1)
However, [O], [N], [Fe], and [Ni] mean the content (mass%) of each element.
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